Python doesn't work
Hello I downloaded the latest versioon of Python and tried to open several .py files, but it doesn't open. It opens for a sec, then closes itself. I tried uninstalling and reinstalling, but it doesn't work. I hope you can help me! Saadetud Windows 10 rakendusest [1]Meil References Visible links 1. https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=550986 -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: neoPython : Fastest Python Implementation: Coming Soon
On 05/05/2021 17:36, Igor Korot wrote:
Hi,
On Wed, May 5, 2021 at 11:27 AM Mr Flibble <
flib...@i42.invalidwibblegrok.co.uk> wrote:
On 05/05/2021 17:02, Chris Angelico wrote:
On Thu, May 6, 2021 at 2:01 AM Mr Flibble
wrote:
neoPython : Fastest Python Implementation: Coming Soon
Message ends.
/Flibble
My breath: not being held.
Message ends.
Why? The currently extant Python implementations are so inefficient they
contribute to climate change; CPython is particularly egregious. Making a
faster
implementation isn't in the least bit a stretch.
Message ends.
Why do you use {C}Python in the first place if its so inefficient?
Why not use C or even Assembly?
And "coming soon" - is a little weird.
Why not say "coming 10 May 2021 at 23:59:59"?
/Message ends.
Thank you.
But I don't use Python, I use C++ (probably the best programming language in the
world).
/Flibble
--
π
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: neoPython : Fastest Python Implementation: Coming Soon
On 05/05/2021 17:33, Mark Lawrence wrote: On Wednesday, May 5, 2021 at 4:57:13 PM UTC+1, Mr Flibble wrote: neoPython : Fastest Python Implementation: Coming Soon Message ends. /Flibble -- π Dedicated to you and all like you https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X15PsqN0DHc ORLY? If anyone is thick around here it is the typical Python user such as yourself. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: neoPython : Fastest Python Implementation: Coming Soon
On 05/05/2021 17:02, Chris Angelico wrote: On Thu, May 6, 2021 at 2:01 AM Mr Flibble wrote: neoPython : Fastest Python Implementation: Coming Soon Message ends. /Flibble My breath: not being held. Message ends. Why? The currently extant Python implementations are so inefficient they contribute to climate change; CPython is particularly egregious. Making a faster implementation isn't in the least bit a stretch. Message ends. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: neoPython : Fastest Python Implementation: Coming Soon
On 05/05/2021 17:02, Chris Angelico wrote: On Thu, May 6, 2021 at 2:01 AM Mr Flibble wrote: neoPython : Fastest Python Implementation: Coming Soon Message ends. /Flibble My breath: not being held. Message ends. Why? The currently extant Python implementations contribute to climate change as they are so inefficient; CPython is so egregious it is best called a bag of shite. Making a faster implementation isn't in the least bit a stretch. Message ends. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
neoPython : Fastest Python Implementation: Coming Soon
neoPython : Fastest Python Implementation: Coming Soon Message ends. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 14/02/2021 23:00, Christian Gollwitzer wrote: Am 14.02.21 um 11:12 schrieb Paul Rubin: Christian Gollwitzer writes: He wants that neoGFX is scriptable in Python, but instead of linking with CPython, he will write his own Python implementation instead, because CPython is slow/not clean/ whatever. He doesn't seem to understand that this is an enormous task on its own, because the interesting part of a scripting language is the standard library with many decade-years of work. I wonder how big an issue the stdlib really is.Β Lots of it is written in Python and can port to another interpreter.Β Lots more is CPython C API bindings to external C libraries (e.g. OpenSSL) so porting those would be a matter of rebinding those libraries to libffi in the cases where that hasn't been done already. I'm not saying that it is unfeasible or very difficult. I'm saying that it is a lot of work, and for a single developer who has this as a side project / support for his graphics engine and who wants to beat existing implementations wrt. speed, I'm saying it is going to take a lot of time. It'definitely impossible by "defining a few JSON schema files", as Leigh claims with his "universal compiler". There definitely IS a lot of stuff in a baseline CPython interpreter - a (seemingly) simple thing like "print" will have an implementation of 1000 lines in C with all the formatting library, file I/O etc. Arbitrary precision integers - another library, networking - yet another and so on. There will only be one schema file and it is will be a relatively small task which certainly isn't "impossible": I should have a working implementation by the summer. As far as arbitrary precision integers are concerned I am well on the way to completing the "neonumeral" library (which also has arbitrary precision floats). As far as the standard library is concerned: that is already in Python so I should be able to support it with little effort; the only thing requiring more work would be the built-ins. CPython really is pretty slow, maybe because it uses so much boxed data, derps around with refcounts all the time, suffers memory fragmentation from not having a relocating GC, etc.Β And that is before we even mention the GIL. I don't argue with that. CPython is slow. But I'm arguing that you can't make it faster by multiple orders of magnitude unless you change the language. For numerical code, straight-forward C is usually 100x to 1000x faster than Python, and you can reach the same performance by giving up dynamic typing - Cython demonstrates this quite convincingly. If you don't want static typing (with types close to the machine like fixed-width integers) than you'll have to resort to a LOT of black magic to even come close (PyPy, modern JS engines, ) I believe PyPy is only 4x faster than CPython on average and comes nowhere near close to JS JIT engines performance-wise. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Change first occurrence of character x in a string - how?
On 14/02/2021 21:14, Chris Green wrote: What's the easiest way to change the first occurrence of a specified character in a string? By using a grown up (i.e. non-toy) programming language. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sketch
On 14/02/2021 09:10, MichaΕ Jaworski wrote: Wow, that thread is entertaining. It seems that neos is one of itβs kind. What I hope is that it will support TempleOS. Going back going back to your original question Mr. Fibble. If ISO standard is what you really need to finish your project you can always take up this challenge and standardize the language yourself. From what Iβve learned already you have enough skills, experience and perseverance to complete such endeavor single-handedly. Ah yes, the good old TempleOS equivalence ploy: typically used by backseat programmers and/or trolls to dismiss projects or project authors they deem to have no value based on subjective hyperbole rather than valid criticism based on objective fact. Usually they lack the skill to embark on such a project themselves so their invective tends to stem from feelings of inadequacy. Make yourself a cup of tea, dear. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sketch
On 14/02/2021 09:10, MichaΕ Jaworski wrote: Wow, that thread is entertaining. It seems that neos is one of itβs kind. What I hope is that it will support TempleOS. Going back going back to your original question Mr. Fibble. If ISO standard is what you really need to finish your project you can always take up this challenge and standardize the language yourself. From what Iβve learned already you have enough skills, experience and perseverance to complete such endeavor single-handedly. If I standardized the language myself I couldn't call it "Python" as fixing Python requires changing it such as to make it unrecognisable as Python. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sketch
On 14/02/2021 05:04, Mark Lawrence wrote: On Sunday, February 14, 2021 at 5:01:46 AM UTC, Mr Flibble wrote: CPython *is* the dead parrot. It's time for Python to evolve out of the primordial soup. /Flibble -- π Says the bloke(?) who doesn't use mailing lists but does get here https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2021-February/900797.html I am using Usenet, dear. Apparently posts to comp.lang.python are copied to the mailing list which you worship like a god. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Sketch
CPython *is* the dead parrot. It's time for Python to evolve out of the primordial soup. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 14/02/2021 03:26, Grant Edwards wrote: On 2021-02-14, Ned Batchelder wrote: On Saturday, February 13, 2021 at 7:19:58 PM UTC-5, Chris Angelico wrote: At the absolute least, show that you have something that can run Python code. The OP has been making these claims on IRC for a (at least two years). He has never cared to substantiate them, or even participate in a civil and detailed discussion. He is either 1) smarter than all of us, or 2) woefully under-informed, or 3) trolling. He posts using the name of a hand-puppet. I think that provides a bit of a clue as to which of the 3 is most likely. And it's not even a _real_ hand-puppet: it's a computer-generated hologram of a hand hand-puppet. lulz. If I am a troll then Elon Musk is also a troll. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 14/02/2021 00:52, Alan Gauld wrote: On 14/02/2021 00:07, Mr Flibble wrote: On 13/02/2021 18:11, Alan Gauld wrote: You are going to create a Python compiler that will take existing Python code and output a byte code file. No neos is not a Python compiler: it is a *universal* compiler that can compile any programming language describable by a schema file Yes, I understand that, but from the perspective of this list what you are doing is providing a tool (a combination of neos and a schema) that will take in Python source code and spit out neos byte code. So, to all intents and purposes it is a Python compiler (albeit capable of more when needed). If that's correct, then how do you propose to deal with regular Python byte code? And what would the Python disassembler produce - Python assembler instructions or neos? The neos Python implementation will not be dealing with Python byte code in any form whatsoever. Ok but what do you do with the disassembler module? Will it read neos byte code instead of the Python codes? Also what about tools that work at the byte code level, I assume they will not work with neos either? That might include the profiler and debugger for example? neos will include a language agnostic disassembler and debugger. Also what would happen with the interactive prompt (>>>) I'm assuming you'd expect users to continue using the CPython interpreter and only compile the source after it was working there? Like turning on the optimiser in a traditional compiled language like C. neos will include support for interactive sessions; no reason to use CPython at all. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 14/02/2021 02:54, Mark Lawrence wrote: On Sunday, February 14, 2021 at 2:18:03 AM UTC, Mr Flibble wrote: On 14/02/2021 00:51, Ned Batchelder wrote: The OP has been making these claims on IRC for a while (at least two years). He has never cared to substantiate them, or even participate in a civil and detailed discussion. He is either 1) smarter than all of us, or 2) woefully under-informed, or 3) trolling. Our best course is to ignore him until he has code we can try. I am sure you are most annoyed that you can't ban me from Usenet, dear, like you banned me from IRC. You need to grow the fuck up. I take it that you didn't write "How to win friends and influence people"? I don't suppose that the moderators will actually wake up and remove you from the mailing lists asap. I see you are just as prickly as Ned, Mark. May I suggest that you too grow a pair? I am not on the mailing list BTW; e-mail lists are an outmoded concept much like CPython. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 14/02/2021 03:35, Paul Rubin wrote: Mr Flibble writes: I am creating neos as I need a performant scripting engine for my other major project "neoGFX" and I want to be able to support multiple popular scripting languages including Python. Is something wrong with Guile for that purpose? If yes, maybe you are setting yourself up for the exact same obstacles ;-). NIH. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 14/02/2021 00:51, Ned Batchelder wrote: On Saturday, February 13, 2021 at 7:19:58 PM UTC-5, Chris Angelico wrote: On Sun, Feb 14, 2021 at 11:14 AM Mr Flibble wrote: On 13/02/2021 23:30, Igor Korot wrote: Hi, But most importantly - what is the reason for this ? I mean - what problems the actual python compiler produce? Thank you. I am creating neos as I need a performant scripting engine for my other major project "neoGFX" and I want to be able to support multiple popular scripting languages including Python. Until you have actually produced a (mostly) compatible Python implementation, can you please stop making these repeated and baseless jabs at CPython's performance? You keep stating or hinting that CPython is somehow unnecessarily slow, but unless you have some code to back your claims, this is nothing but mudslinging. CPython is not as slow as you might think. And PyPy is highly efficient at what it does well. Show us that you can do better than these before you call them slow. At the absolute least, show that you have something that can run Python code. ChrisA The OP has been making these claims on IRC for a while (at least two years). He has never cared to substantiate them, or even participate in a civil and detailed discussion. He is either 1) smarter than all of us, or 2) woefully under-informed, or 3) trolling. Our best course is to ignore him until he has code we can try. I am sure you are most annoyed that you can't ban me from Usenet, dear, like you banned me from IRC. You need to grow the fuck up. Your use of the words "all of us" is disingenuous, try "me" instead. "All of us" includes people as smart as me but can't be arsed fixing the Python space because they can just about live with the status quo. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 14/02/2021 00:19, Chris Angelico wrote: On Sun, Feb 14, 2021 at 11:14 AM Mr Flibble wrote: On 13/02/2021 23:30, Igor Korot wrote: Hi, But most importantly - what is the reason for this ? I mean - what problems the actual python compiler produce? Thank you. I am creating neos as I need a performant scripting engine for my other major project "neoGFX" and I want to be able to support multiple popular scripting languages including Python. Until you have actually produced a (mostly) compatible Python implementation, can you please stop making these repeated and baseless jabs at CPython's performance? You keep stating or hinting that CPython is somehow unnecessarily slow, but unless you have some code to back your claims, this is nothing but mudslinging. CPython is not as slow as you might think. And PyPy is highly efficient at what it does well. Show us that you can do better than these before you call them slow. At the absolute least, show that you have something that can run Python code. It isn't just me that is saying CPython is egregiously slow: it is at the bottom of the list as far as performance is concerned. Python is undoubtedly the biggest contributor to climate change of all the programming languages in mainstream use today. See: https://thenewstack.io/which-programming-languages-use-the-least-electricity/ /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 13/02/2021 23:30, Igor Korot wrote: Hi, But most importantly - what is the reason for this ? I mean - what problems the actual python compiler produce? Thank you. I am creating neos as I need a performant scripting engine for my other major project "neoGFX" and I want to be able to support multiple popular scripting languages including Python. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 13/02/2021 18:11, Alan Gauld wrote: On 13/02/2021 16:09, Mr Flibble wrote: On 13/02/2021 00:01, Alan Gauld wrote: I'm assuming it's a new executable interpreter that can run any valid python code. Is that correct? It is a universal *compiler* so it compiles the python code to byte code and then optionally to machine code via a JIT which is then executed. OK, sorry for being dense, but just to be absolutely clear. You are going to create a Python compiler that will take existing Python code and output a byte code file. (I assume the byte code is not standard Python byte code?) And I assume the execution environment for the bytecode is part of your neos system? No neos is not a Python compiler: it is a *universal* compiler that can compile any programming language describable by a schema file and any language-specific semantic concepts. The byte code will be proprietary, yes, and will be executed by neos and/or JITed. If that's correct, then how do you propose to deal with regular Python byte code? And what would the Python disassembler produce - Python assembler instructions or neos? The neos Python implementation will not be dealing with Python byte code in any form whatsoever. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 13/02/2021 00:01, Alan Gauld wrote: On 12/02/2021 21:46, Mr Flibble wrote: The neos Python implementation will consist of a schema file which describes the language plus any Python-specific semantic concepts So the schema file is some kind of formal grammar definition of the language? And you "compile" this directly into machine code? Is that the idea? So when you say you have a universal compiler for any language what you mean is that you can produce a compiler/interpreter for any language from a language definition/schema. Is that it? I'm still not sure I understand what exactly you are proposing to do. What the final output looks like? I'm assuming it's a new executable interpreter that can run any valid python code. Is that correct? It is a universal *compiler* so it compiles the python code to byte code and then optionally to machine code via a JIT which is then executed. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 12/02/2021 00:15, Alan Gauld wrote: On 11/02/2021 12:30, Mr Flibble wrote: I am starting work on creating a new Python implementation from scratch using "neos" my universal compiler that can compile any programming language. Can i clarify that? Are you saying that you are going to recompile the existing C code for pyhton using yoour universal compiler and the resulting binary file will be a new implementation of the interpreter that you expect to be faster? Nope. That's what it sounds like to me. In which case the question is not whether you can write a better interpreter than CPython but whether you can write a better compiler than GNU/MING/VC etc See previous answer. While a universal compiler is certainly an interesting and challenging project I'm not sure how much it tells us about existing Python implementations. The two things are unrelated; however it is well known that Python is slow. On the other hand, if you are planning on rewriting the existing interpreter in something other than C, what is that something? Nope. Sample neos session (parsing a fibonacci program, neoscript rather than Python in this case): I'm not sure what relevance this has unless you want to rewrite Python in neoscript? Or are you translating the C into neoscript and then compiling it? But in a later response you seem to say neoscript was not involved? Slightly confused... The neos Python implementation will consist of a schema file which describes the language plus any Python-specific semantic concepts that don't generalize to more than one language. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 12/02/2021 02:45, Terry Reedy wrote: On 2/11/2021 5:33 PM, Mr Flibble wrote: On 11/02/2021 22:25, Dan Stromberg wrote: On Thu, Feb 11, 2021 at 2:00 PM Mr Flibble wrote: On 11/02/2021 21:13, Dan Stromberg wrote: Does your project have a name yet?Β I'd like to follow it through google alerts or an announcement mailing list. "neos" - https://neos.dev/ https://github.com/i42output/neos Pypi already appears to have another project named neos: https://pypi.org/project/neos/ neos isn't a Python package so that isn't a problem. Since it obviously is a Python package, as in importable into a Python program, why do you deny it? You are mistaken: it isn't a Python package and it isn't importable into a Python program. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 11/02/2021 23:05, Paul Rubin wrote: Mr Flibble writes: "neos" - https://neos.dev/ https://github.com/i42output/neos Good luck, let us know when it is done. What is there doesn't look like a credible start so far, but maybe you will surprise us. Have you actually written any code in the languages you say you are going to support? E.g. Ada, Haskell, Rust. I'd agree that Python is fairly simple compared to those. Not credible? On what do you base that analysis? /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 11/02/2021 23:12, Greg Ewing wrote: On 12/02/21 11:33 am, Mr Flibble wrote: neos isn't a Python package so that isn't a problem. It might be a bit confusing if it ever becomes part of the wider Python ecosystem, though. Python is but one language that neos will implement. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 11/02/2021 22:25, Dan Stromberg wrote: On Thu, Feb 11, 2021 at 2:00 PM Mr Flibble wrote: On 11/02/2021 21:13, Dan Stromberg wrote: Does your project have a name yet? I'd like to follow it through google alerts or an announcement mailing list. "neos" - https://neos.dev/ https://github.com/i42output/neos Pypi already appears to have another project named neos: https://pypi.org/project/neos/ neos isn't a Python package so that isn't a problem. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 11/02/2021 21:13, Dan Stromberg wrote: Does your project have a name yet? I'd like to follow it through google alerts or an announcement mailing list. "neos" - https://neos.dev/ https://github.com/i42output/neos /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 11/02/2021 18:24, Paul Bryan wrote: On Thu, 2021-02-11 at 17:56 +, Mr Flibble wrote: Actually it is a relatively small task due to the neos universal compiler's architectural design.Β If it was a large task I wouldn't be doing it. When do you estimate this task will be completed? I am not particularly interested in any of the existing implementations as they bear no relation to the design of my language agnostic universal compiler, runtime, VM and JIT; the only use they will have will be to disambiguate certain Python language constructs that I cannot disambiguate from documentation alone: this is a natural consequence of Python not being standardized; those steering the language need to grow a pair and get Python standardized preferably as an ISO Standard. I take it you don't hope to receive any support from those you're insulting by such a statement? Thanks for the sentiment but I am not relying on luck. By your conduct so far, I think you will also not be relying on the goodwill of this community. Personally I prefer telling it like it is (i.e. the truth) rather than walking on eggshells. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 11/02/2021 18:06, Chris Angelico wrote: On Fri, Feb 12, 2021 at 5:01 AM Mr Flibble wrote: On 11/02/2021 16:31, Dan Stromberg wrote: On Thu, Feb 11, 2021 at 4:35 AM Mr Flibble wrote: Hi! I am starting work on creating a new Python implementation from scratch using "neos" my universal compiler that can compile any programming language. I envision this implementation to be significantly faster than the currently extant Python implementations (which isn't a stretch given how poorly they perform). I'd like to encourage you to give this a go. It's a huge task, but it's needed. Actually it is a relatively small task due to the neos universal compiler's architectural design. If it was a large task I wouldn't be doing it. You may be interested in the approaches of Pypy, Cython, Shedskin and Nuitka. I am not particularly interested in any of the existing implementations as they bear no relation to the design of my language agnostic universal compiler, runtime, VM and JIT; the only use they will have will be to disambiguate certain Python language constructs that I cannot disambiguate from documentation alone: this is a natural consequence of Python not being standardized; those steering the language need to grow a pair and get Python standardized preferably as an ISO Standard. You keep insulting Python and the Python devs. Put up or shut up - show some actual code before you make too many boasts. Python DOES have a strong language specification. Its semantics are documented. If you find places where the documentation is lacking, point them out specifically, don't FUD your way through. For a language to transition from "toy" status it has to be formally standardized. It is unacceptable to define a language in terms of a particular implementation. A git repo of Source code and associated observable dynamic behaviour when that code is compiled and ran is a poor substitute for an official ISO Standard. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 11/02/2021 18:03, Chris Angelico wrote: In any case, it's not Python if it can't handle arbitrarily large numbers. Python is an excellent language for mathematics. I am also creating Ada and Haskell implementations which have a similar requirement. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 11/02/2021 16:31, Dan Stromberg wrote: On Thu, Feb 11, 2021 at 4:35 AM Mr Flibble wrote: Hi! I am starting work on creating a new Python implementation from scratch using "neos" my universal compiler that can compile any programming language. I envision this implementation to be significantly faster than the currently extant Python implementations (which isn't a stretch given how poorly they perform). I'd like to encourage you to give this a go. It's a huge task, but it's needed. Actually it is a relatively small task due to the neos universal compiler's architectural design. If it was a large task I wouldn't be doing it. You may be interested in the approaches of Pypy, Cython, Shedskin and Nuitka. I am not particularly interested in any of the existing implementations as they bear no relation to the design of my language agnostic universal compiler, runtime, VM and JIT; the only use they will have will be to disambiguate certain Python language constructs that I cannot disambiguate from documentation alone: this is a natural consequence of Python not being standardized; those steering the language need to grow a pair and get Python standardized preferably as an ISO Standard. Pypy is a Python written in RPython, where RPython is a restricted subset of Python 2. It can translate RPython to C, or JIT compile pretty full Python code - 2.x or 3.x. It has trouble with C extension modules, as the CPython API for extension modules is pretty leaky. CFFI appears to be the big hope of fixing this problem, but most C extension modules still use the CPython C extension Module API. RPython doesn't interest me. neos will be using libffi for FFI. Cython transpiles a Python-like language to C. It allows you to intermix Python datatypes and C datatypes; the more you use C datatypes, the faster the result is. It can be slower if you aren't careful with your type conversions, but it can be faster if used well. It has a really nice --annotate option that shows how close to C your program is, line by line. I don't agree with the concept of delivering C compilers to end users. The only compilers I think end users should be running are GPU shader compilers and byecode/JIT compilers such as neos. Shedskin transpiles an implicitly static subset of Python 2 to C++. It's a great tool, but sadly it is unlikely to make the jump from Python 2 to Python 3, and Python 3 is definitely the future of Python. Not interested in that (see previous answer replacing "C" with "C++"). Nuitka is a Python -> C/C++ transpiler. I know little about it, but it sounds kind of like what you're proposing. It's been focusing on compatibility first, followed by performance. Bears no relation to neos architecture. Good luck! Thanks for the sentiment but I am not relying on luck. /Flibble -- π -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python implementation
On 11/02/2021 15:13, Chris Angelico wrote:
On Thu, Feb 11, 2021 at 11:36 PM Mr Flibble
wrote:
Hi!
I am starting work on creating a new Python implementation from scratch using
"neos" my universal compiler that can compile any programming language.
Is it your intention to support all of Python's syntax and semantics,
Yes.
or is this an unrelated language with mandatory strict type tags and a
severely restricted set of data types? For instance, can your neos
compile this code?
No. The neos universal compiler itself is language agnostic: a pre-requisite
for the requirement to be able to compile any programming language.
def power():
return (2**3**4**2) % 10
from time import time
start = time()
print(power())
time = time() - start
print("Took %s seconds" % time)
On my system, I get this from CPython 3.10:
176561152
Took 0.1589798927307129 seconds
And this from PyPy:
176561152
Took 0.0233387947083 seconds
I envision this implementation to be significantly faster than the currently
extant Python implementations (which isn't a stretch given how poorly they
perform).
Riight, yep, all existing Python implementations are terribly
slow. Go ahead then; run the code above, show me a better time, and of
course compare to what a recent off-the-shelf CPython can do on the
same hardware. Then see how PyPy performs at the same job.
You are timing the arithmetic library rather than the interpreter.
Sample neos session (parsing a fibonacci program, neoscript rather than Python
in this case):
Is neoscript an intermediate language like RPython, used only to
implement the compiler, or are you actually transforming Python code
into neoscript?
neoscript is the neos reference language (i.e. not an intermediate language)
and will be unrelated to the Python implementation.
/Flibble
--
π
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New Python implementation
Hi!
I am starting work on creating a new Python implementation from scratch using
"neos" my universal compiler that can compile any programming language. I
envision this implementation to be significantly faster than the currently extant Python
implementations (which isn't a stretch given how poorly they perform).
Sample neos session (parsing a fibonacci program, neoscript rather than Python
in this case):
neos 1.0.0.0 ED-209
] help
h(elp)
s(chema)Load language schema
l(oad) Load program
list List program
c(ompile)Compile program
r(un)Run program
![] Evaluate expression (enter interactive
mode if expression omitted)
: Input (as stdin)
q(uit) Quit neos
lc List loaded concept libraries
t(race) <0|1|2|3|4|5> [] Compiler trace
m(etrics)Display metrics for running programs
] lc
[neos.core] (file:///D:\code\neos\build\win32\vs2019\x64\Release\core.ncl)
[neos.boolean]
[neos.language]
[neos.logic]
[neos.math]
[neos.module]
[neos.object]
[neos.string]
[neos.math.universal]
(file:///D:\code\neos\build\win32\vs2019\x64\Release\core.math.universal.ncl)
] s neoscript
Loading schema 'neoscript'...
Language: Default neoGFX scripting language
Version: 1.0.0
Copyright (C) 2019 Leigh Johnston
neoscript] l examples/neoscript/fibonacci.neo
neoscript] list
File 'examples/neoscript/fibonacci.neo':
-- neoscript example: Fibonacci
using neos.string;
using neos.stream;
import fn to_string(x : i32) -> string;
import fn to_integer(s : string) -> i32;
import proc input(s : out string);
import proc print(s : in string);
-- functions are pure
def fn add(x, y : i32) -> i32
{
return x + y;
}
def fn fib(x : i32) -> i32
{
if (x < 2)
return 1;
else
return add(fib(x-1), fib(x-2));
}
-- procedures are impure
def proc main()
s : string;
{
print("Enter a positive "
"integer: ");
input(s);
print("Fibonacci(" + s + ") = " + to_string(fib(to_integer(s))) + "\n");
}
neoscript] t 1
neoscript] c
folding: string.utf8() <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8() <- string.utf8.character.alpha() = string.utf8(g)
folding: string.utf8(g) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(g) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() = string.utf8(gn)
folding: string.utf8(gn) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(gn) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() = string.utf8(gni)
folding: string.utf8(gni) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(gni) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() = string.utf8(gnir)
folding: string.utf8(gnir) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(gnir) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() = string.utf8(gnirt)
folding: string.utf8(gnirt) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(gnirt) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() =
string.utf8(gnirts)
folding: string.utf8(gnirts) <- string.utf8.character.period()
folded: string.utf8(gnirts) <- string.utf8.character.period() =
string.utf8(gnirts.)
folding: string.utf8(gnirts.) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(gnirts.) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() =
string.utf8(gnirts.s)
folding: string.utf8(gnirts.s) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(gnirts.s) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() =
string.utf8(gnirts.so)
folding: string.utf8(gnirts.so) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(gnirts.so) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() =
string.utf8(gnirts.soe)
folding: string.utf8(gnirts.soe) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(gnirts.soe) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() =
string.utf8(gnirts.soen)
folding: source.package.name() <- string.utf8(gnirts.soen)
folded: source.package.name() <- string.utf8(gnirts.soen) =
source.package.name(neos.string)
folding: source.package.import() <- source.package.name(neos.string)
folded: source.package.import() <- source.package.name(neos.string) =
source.package.import(neos.string)
folding: source.package.import(neos.string) <-
source.package.import(neos.string)
folding: string.utf8() <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8() <- string.utf8.character.alpha() = string.utf8(g)
folding: string.utf8(g) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(g) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() = string.utf8(gn)
folding: string.utf8(gn) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(gn) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() = string.utf8(gni)
folding: string.utf8(gni) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(gni) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() = string.utf8(gnir)
folding: string.utf8(gnir) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded: string.utf8(gnir) <- string.utf8.character.alpha() = string.utf8(gnirt)
folding: string.utf8(gnirt) <- string.utf8.character.alpha()
folded:
Python question
Thank you Marco for at least taking the time to read my message even if you do not agree with me on things. And no disrespect to you. But I came here for python related questions and help. Not to be called suspicious and untrustworthy only because I am concerned about security of users and for being a advocate of privacy. Then to call for me to be censored is just ludicrous. > People of Python List, I strongly discourage you to support this user. > He is quite suspicious for the following reasons: > > 1. he go so far as he offers money for, IMHO, a trivial task I said I am a python noob. This is why I asked for help. And I see no issue in offering payment for a programming task. > 2. he does not trust binaries from pip. What is the point of open source if you cannot compile from source code? > code. A lack of trust in open source projects that is quite unusual > 3. I don't trust any cryptocurrency. Not unusual. People use open source because they dont trust closed source. Binaries that someone else compiled is not open source. > I believe in privacy, but not in financial privacy. Yes, > cryptocurrencies can be useful for circumvent bans from tyrannic > states. But they can, and _are_ used, primarily to: > - wash dirty money, by criminals and mafias > - evade taxes > - buy highly unethical "products", like weapons... and who know what > other > - finance tyrannies. Roads and cars are used by drug dealers. Stop using roads and cars. Cash is used by criminals. Stop using cash. Internet is used by child abusers. Stop supporting the internet. I am offended that you group me with criminals and baddies because I support technological privacy. > > I do _not_ think that all people that uses cryptocurrencies are > criminals. I had, for example, some co-workers that invested in > BitCoins, only for profit. > > But I do not trust this man, and I hope no one will offer support to > him. By my side, I'll report this discussion to moderators. That is fine if you dont like something. You dont have to help me out if you dont want to. But trying to censor me is unethical. Hopefully other people will have the logic to make decisions for themselves and give me help on python if they choose to do so. I hope my reply does not get censored. I am being reasonable here. And if you are wondering why I am "paranoid", you would be too if you are dealing with a server that might host a hot wallet. I dont want my server getting hacked just because I was too lazy to compile my own code. And it is not uncommon for binaries of open source projects to be injected with malware. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python question
Thank you Marco for at least taking the time to read my message even if you do not agree with me on things. And no disrespect to you. But I came here for python related questions and help. Not to be called suspicious and untrustworthy only because I am concerned about security of users and for being a advocate of privacy. Then to call for me to be censored is just ludicrous. > People of Python List, I strongly discourage you to support this user. > He is quite suspicious for the following reasons: > > 1. he go so far as he offers money for, IMHO, a trivial task I said I am a python noob. This is why I asked for help. And I see no issue in offering payment for a programming task. > 2. he does not trust binaries from pip. What is the point of open source if you cannot compile from source code? > code. A lack of trust in open source projects that is quite unusual > 3. I don't trust any cryptocurrency. Not unusual. People use open source because they dont trust closed source. Binaries that someone else compiled is not open source. > I believe in privacy, but not in financial privacy. Yes, > cryptocurrencies can be useful for circumvent bans from tyrannic > states. But they can, and _are_ used, primarily to: > - wash dirty money, by criminals and mafias > - evade taxes > - buy highly unethical "products", like weapons... and who know what > other > - finance tyrannies. Roads and cars are used by drug dealers. Stop using roads and cars. Cash is used by criminals. Stop using cash. Internet is used by child abusers. Stop supporting the internet. I am offended that you group me with criminals and baddies because I support technological privacy. > > I do _not_ think that all people that uses cryptocurrencies are > criminals. I had, for example, some co-workers that invested in > BitCoins, only for profit. > > But I do not trust this man, and I hope no one will offer support to > him. By my side, I'll report this discussion to moderators. That is fine if you dont like something. You dont have to help me out if you dont want to. But trying to censor me is unethical. Hopefully other people will have the logic to make decisions for themselves and give me help on python if they choose to do so. I hope my reply does not get censored. I am being reasonable here. And if you are wondering why I am "paranoid", you would be too if you are dealing with a server that might host a hot wallet. I dont want my server getting hacked just because I was too lazy to compile my own code. And it is not uncommon for binaries of open source projects to be injected with malware. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python question
Thank you Marco for at least taking the time to read my message even if you do not agree with me on things. And no disrespect to you. But I came here for python related questions and help. Not to be called suspicious and untrustworthy only because I am concerned about security of users and for being a advocate of privacy. Then to call for me to be censored is just ludicrous. > People of Python List, I strongly discourage you to support this user. > He is quite suspicious for the following reasons: > > 1. he go so far as he offers money for, IMHO, a trivial task I said I am a python noob. This is why I asked for help. And I see no issue in offering payment for a programming task. > 2. he does not trust binaries from pip. What is the point of open source if you cannot compile from source code? > code. A lack of trust in open source projects that is quite unusual > 3. I don't trust any cryptocurrency. Not unusual. People use open source because they dont trust closed source. Binaries that someone else compiled is not open source. > I believe in privacy, but not in financial privacy. Yes, > cryptocurrencies can be useful for circumvent bans from tyrannic > states. But they can, and _are_ used, primarily to: > - wash dirty money, by criminals and mafias > - evade taxes > - buy highly unethical "products", like weapons... and who know what > other > - finance tyrannies. Roads and cars are used by drug dealers. Stop using roads and cars. Cash is used by criminals. Stop using cash. Internet is used by child abusers. Stop supporting the internet. I am offended that you group me with criminals and baddies because I support technological privacy. > > I do _not_ think that all people that uses cryptocurrencies are > criminals. I had, for example, some co-workers that invested in > BitCoins, only for profit. > > But I do not trust this man, and I hope no one will offer support to > him. By my side, I'll report this discussion to moderators. That is fine if you dont like something. You dont have to help me out if you dont want to. But trying to censor me is unethical. Hopefully other people will have the logic to make decisions for themselves and give me help on python if they choose to do so. I hope my reply does not get censored. I am being reasonable here. And if you are wondering why I am "paranoid", you would be too if you are dealing with a server that might host a hot wallet. I dont want my server getting hacked just because I was too lazy to compile my own code. And it is not uncommon for binaries of open source projects to be injected with malware. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Help building python application from source
> I think I have the solution, but can I ask you why are you creating a > bitcoin server? > Yes. I am a crypto anarchist. I have a bitcoin node to do my part to running the bitcoin network and help remain it decentralized and resilient. The more people that run a node the better it is. When it comes to hosting servers I believe I am able to do so in a highly secure manner. So I am doing my part in secure the bitcoin network and documenting what I do to help others do the same thing. I support the bitcoin project because it is a liberty enhancing technology to counter act over reaching government and expanding tyranny. People have a right to financial privacy. And the world needs a secure financial network to replace the existing institutional one that suffers from fraud and theft.In a cyber dystopian world we live in there is a war on cash and privacy to push us into a digital monetary system where governments are able to spy on and control everything and everyone. If there is a need for digital money let it be one that supports liberty instead of weakening it. It is vital that cypher tech outpaces the police state. What we do determines the future. We can let ourselves be enslaved and passive. Or we can be active and support the solutions that create a better world and preserve what is good. Right now it is a full node and not used for any other services or purposes. If possible I would like to add electrumx so users of the electrum wallet can use my server. Electrum is a very popular wallet and is what comes pre installed with TAILS. -- lee.chif...@secmail.pro PGP 97F0C3AE985A191DA0556BCAA82529E2025BDE35 -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Help building python application from source
Thanks for the comments. > (To make OP's requirements plainly visible, note that this appears to > be a cryptocurrency application.) Correct. It is a software that does not store private keys but acts as a server to serve lightweight wallets that would connect to it remotely. Electrumx does not store or generate private keys but my concern is running binary blobs that someone else created. The advantages of open source software only apply if you can confirm it was created from the source code. This is why I compile everything I can or use binaries based on reproducible build process. I am also wanting to run electrumx in a virtual environment under a dedicated user account on the linux box with lowest privileges. And the reason I want to be able to build from a local directory so that I can be self sufficient and be able to archive the software source code and all needed dependencies to spin up other servers or replace the server in a post disaster situation where internet or python pip package servers might be down. My bitcoin server also has very strict firewall rules that would inhibit the ability to connect to python servers. This is why I want to download the all the source code on my laptop then transfer to the server. But there are SO MANY dependencies. Electrumx has a few dependencies then each of those dependencies have more dependencies and on and on. I guess it might be possible to do what I want by manually downloading the source code of the close to 20 dependencies, manually verify the git tags and signatures. Then "python setup.py install" each one individually in the right order. This might work? I didn't know if there was an easier way. I did find out I could "pip download -r requirements.txt" but this downloads binaries specific for x86. My cpu architecture is aarch64. Is there a way to pip download -r requirements.txt source only or specify aarch64? Thank you -- lee.chif...@secmail.pro PGP 97F0C3AE985A191DA0556BCAA82529E2025BDE35 -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Help building python application from source
sorry re posting because I forgot subject line in last email. I am a python noob. This is why I ask the python masters. There is a python software I want to install on the server it is called Electrumx. https://github.com/kyuupichan/electrumx is the link. I am having troubles with installing this. The short version is I am wanting to build this python application and needed dependencies from source code all from a local directory without relying on the python pip package servers. I only run software I can compile from source code because this is the only way to trust open source software. I also want to archive the software I use and be able to install it on systems in a grid down situation without relying on other servers such as python package servers. Here is a snippet from https://github.com/lee-chiffre/Announcements/blob/master/02.26.2020 that describes what I am trying to do > 1. I need a way I can download the source of ElectrumX and the dependency tree. 2. In a way that also verifies the integrity of those downloads. I dont think many of these python packages are even signed. 3. Then to be able to build ElectrumX and the needed dependencies from source on a computer that does not have connection to internet. Node2.0 does not connect to internet except for the Tor process. Torsocks is not an option here. I will be running ElectrumX and the python dependencies in a venv virtual environment. If I cannot build ElectrumX and the dependencies for it from source in a way that also verifies the integrity of the downloads then for security reasons I will not run it. If someone has a solution to this I will then run ElectrumX, and give you credit for the help. If you need me to pay bounty for this please reach out to me to negotiate on a price. < Python might be easy to code but simplicity of coding comes at the cost of complexity of the software. With C++ I usually only have only a few dependencies. With python it seems like it is almost 20 dependencies. With Electrumx I counted at least 15 dependencies in the dependency tree. Is it possible to download then build this from source with all needed dependencies? -- lee.chif...@secmail.pro PGP 97F0C3AE985A191DA0556BCAA82529E2025BDE35 -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Resources related with web security
On Tue, Nov 26, 2019 at 03:29:48PM -0500, Joel Goldstick wrote: > On Tue, Nov 26, 2019 at 2:23 PM Mr. Gentooer wrote: > > > > > > On Mon, 25 Nov 2019 21:25:12 + (UTC), Pycode > > > > declaimed the following: > > > > > > > > comp.lang.python gmane.comp.python.general > > > > how do you access these in a reasonable way? > > > > -- > > https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > > I'm thinking this is a troll or a turing machine experiment? why would I be a troll? I have never used usenet. I am honestly and genuinely curious. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Resources related with web security
> > On Mon, 25 Nov 2019 21:25:12 + (UTC), Pycode > > declaimed the following: > > > > comp.lang.python gmane.comp.python.general how do you access these in a reasonable way? -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Your IDE's?
On Monday, March 25, 2019 at 5:38:41 PM UTC-4, John Doe wrote: > What is your favorite Python IDE? "Your IDE's?" is not a question, nor is any word in English made plural with an apostrophe s. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Metaclasses - magic functions
W dniu 23.12.2016 o 15:14, Ian Kelly pisze:
(...)
cls.added_in_init = 'test'
Man, you are awsome genius! Finally somebody was able to explain me what
is the power of __new__ and difference between __init__ !!!
So what I wanted to achieve was adding some new attributes to the class
instances (objects) like this:
#!/usr/bin/env python
class MetaClass(type):
# __init__ manipulation:
def __init__(cls, name, bases, dct):
cls.added_in_init = 'test'
super(MetaClass, cls).__init__(name, bases, dct)
class BaseClass(object):
__metaclass__ = MetaClass
class NewBaseClass(BaseClass):
def __init__(self):
self.inst_attr = self.added_in_init
print("Lets print attributes added in __init__ in base classes:")
b = NewBaseClass()
print(b.added_in_init)
print(b.inst_attr)
And finally it works!
Man I owe you a galaxy of thanks, because I was so frustrated! The
examples taken from internet never explained me it in so clearly like
you did!
Really, really thank you!!!
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Metaclasses - magic functions
W dniu 21.12.2016 o 02:51, Ethan Furman pisze:
On 12/20/2016 03:39 PM, Ben Finney wrote:
"Mr. Wrobel" writes:
Quick question, can anybody tell me when to use __init__ instead of
__new__ in meta programming?
Use β__new__β to do the work of *creating* one instance from nothing;
allocating the storage, determining the type, etc. β anything that will
be *the same* for every instance. β__new__β is the constructor.
Use β__init__β to do the work of *configuring* one instance, after it
already exists. Any attributes that are special to an instance should be
manipulated in the β__init__β method. β__init__β is the initialiser.
That sounds like general object creation/class advice, which as a general
guideline is okay, but don't feel like it's the most important thing.
I only use `__new__` when the object being created is (or is based on)
an immutable type; otherwise I use `__init__`. Likewise, if I'm using
`__new__` then I do all my configuration in `__new__` unless I have a
really good reason not to (such as making it easier for subclasses to
modify/skip `__init__`).
As far as metaclasses go... the only time I recall writing an `__init__`
for a metaclass was to strip off the extra arguments so `type.__init__`
wouldn't fail.
--
~Ethan~
Hi,thanx for answers, let's imagine that we want to add one class
attribute for newly created classess with using __init__ in metaclass,
here's an example:
#!/usr/bin/env python
class MetaClass(type):
# __init__ manipulation:
def __init__(cls, name, bases, dct):
dct['added_in_init'] = 'test'
super(MetaClass, cls).__init__(name, bases, dct)
class BaseClass(object):
__metaclass__ = MetaClass
class NewBaseClass(BaseClass):
pass
print("Lets print attributes added in __init__ in base classes:")
print(BaseClass.added_in_init)
print(NewBaseClass.added_in_init)
after running it: AttributeError: type object 'BaseClass' has no
attribute 'added_in_init'
Adding the same in __new__ works. Can anyone explain me please what's wrong?
Cheers,
M
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Metaclasses - magic functions
Hi, Quick question, can anybody tell me when to use __init__ instead of __new__ in meta programming? I see that __new__ can be used mostly when I want to manipulate with class variables that are stored into dictionary. But when to use __init__? Any example? Thanx, M -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Theory] How to speed up python code execution / pypy vs GPU
W dniu 05.11.2016 o 22:17, Ben Bacarisse pisze:
Steve D'Aprano writes:
On Sun, 6 Nov 2016 04:10 am, Mr. Wrobel wrote:
Hi,
Some skeptics asked my why there is a reason to use Python against of
any other "not interpreted" languages, like objective-C.
Here's the "Hello World" program in Python:
--- cut ---
print("Hello World")
--- cut ---
Here's the same program in Objective C:
--- cut ---
#import
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
NSLog (@"Hello, World!");
[pool drain];
return 0;
}
--- cut ---
Which would you rather write?
That's a rather odd comparison. Why not
#import
int main()
{
printf("Hello world\n");
return 0;
}
? It's decades since I wrote any Objective-C (and then not much) but I
think this is the closest comparison.
Wel, indeed. However the most important is second part of my question.
What do you think about using GPU processing or pypy?
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[Theory] How to speed up python code execution / pypy vs GPU
Hi, Some skeptics asked my why there is a reason to use Python against of any other "not interpreted" languages, like objective-C. As my explanation, I have answered that there is a a lot of useful APIs, language is modern, has advanced objective architecture, and what is the most important - it is dynamic and support is simply great. However the same skeptics told my that, ok we believe that it is true, however the code execution is much slower than any other compiled language. I must tell you that is the reason I started to dig into internet and searching some methods to speed up python's code. 1. What I have found is modified python interpreter - pypy - http://pypy.org that does not require any different approach to develop your code. 2. And: Gpu based computing powered by Nvidia (NumbaPro compiler): https://developer.nvidia.com/how-to-cuda-python Do you have any experience in that areas, and maybe some benchmarks showing advantage of using these technologies? Cheers, Marcin -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Meta classes - real example
W dniu 18.10.2016 o 16:42, Ethan Furman pisze: On 10/17/2016 11:44 PM, Mr. Wrobel wrote: Ok,so in general, we could say that using Metclasses is ok for manipulating __new__ but not that what is setting by __init__. Am I right? No and yes. In this code (python 2 syntax): #untested class Wonderful(object): __metaclass__ = SomeMetaClass diamond = Sparkly(7) club = 9 def display(self): print "I'm an instance!" The metaclass controls what happens when Wonderful is created: - it can add the name 'diamond' to the Sparkly descriptor; - it can change/remove/add other attributes such as club, spade, or whatever; - it can wrap methods such as display to pre- or post-process calls to it - etc. Once the class (Wonderful, in this example) has been created: - x = Wonderful() # metaclass not called - x.display() # metaclass not called - x.diamond# metaclass not called - list(Wonderful) # metaclass called (e.g. SomeMetaClass.__iter__(cls) ) # where cls = Wonderful Check out http://stackoverflow.com/a/35730545/208880 for a simple demonstration of a metaclass. -- ~Ethan~ Thank you Ethan! -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Meta classes - real example
W dniu 17.10.2016 o 23:23, Ethan Furman pisze: On 10/17/2016 09:23 AM, Mr. Wrobel wrote: W dniu 17.10.2016 o 18:16, Chris Angelico pisze: On Tue, Oct 18, 2016 at 3:03 AM, Mr. Wrobel wrote: I am looking for an example of metaclass usage. Especially I am interestet in manipulating instance variables, for example: My class: class MrMeta(type): pass class Mr(object): __metaclass__ = MrMeta def __init__(self): self.imvariable = 'Zmienna self' def aome method(self): print 'I am in instance' So in general, I would like to create a mechanism, that is changing value for self.imvariable to capital letters and this should be included in my metaclass called MrMeta(type). Can you guide me please? Are you sure you can't just use a descriptor, such as @property? class Mr(object): @property def imvariable(self): return self._imvariable @imvariable.setter def imvariable(self, value): self._imvariable = str(value).upper() I am sure that I can do that with setter/getter, but I want to be closer to black magic, that is why I wanted to inlcude Metaclasses. I know how to acomplish that for class variables, but don;t have any idea how to instance. Metaclasses work on the class level, not the instance level. The only* influnce a metaclass is going to have on instances is changes it makes while it's creating the class. For example, MrMeta could set descriptors in Mr when it is creating the Mr class; it could even put it's own __init__ in the class; but to affect things like instance variables that are added in methods -- well, it is possible, but it is *a lot* of work. -- ~Ethan~ * Okay, somebody prove me wrong! :) Ok,so in general, we could say that using Metclasses is ok for manipulating __new__ but not that what is setting by __init__. Am I right? MrWrobel -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Meta classes - real example
W dniu 17.10.2016 o 18:16, Chris Angelico pisze: On Tue, Oct 18, 2016 at 3:03 AM, Mr. Wrobel wrote: Hi, I am looking for an example of metaclass usage. Especially I am interestet in manipulating instance variables, for example: My class: class MrMeta(type): pass class Mr(object): __metaclass__ = MrMeta def __init__(self): self.imvariable = 'Zmienna self' def aome method(self): print 'I am in instance' So in general, I would like to create a mechanism, that is changing value for self.imvariable to capital letters and this should be included in my metaclass called MrMeta(type). Can you guide me please? Are you sure you can't just use a descriptor, such as @property? class Mr(object): @property def imvariable(self): return self._imvariable @imvariable.setter def imvariable(self, value): self._imvariable = str(value).upper() ChrisA Hi, I am sure that I can do that with setter/getter, but I want to be closer to black magic, that is why I wanted to inlcude Metaclasses. I know how to acomplish that for class variables, but don;t have any idea how to instance. Mr. Wrobel -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Meta classes - real example
Hi, I am looking for an example of metaclass usage. Especially I am interestet in manipulating instance variables, for example: My class: class MrMeta(type): pass class Mr(object): __metaclass__ = MrMeta def __init__(self): self.imvariable = 'Zmienna self' def aome method(self): print 'I am in instance' So in general, I would like to create a mechanism, that is changing value for self.imvariable to capital letters and this should be included in my metaclass called MrMeta(type). Can you guide me please? Thanks! Mr. Wrobel -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to process syntax errors
On Monday, October 10, 2016 at 7:45:40 PM UTC+5:30, mr.pune...@gmail.com wrote: > Hi > > Is there any way to capture syntax errors and process them ? I want to write > a function which calls every time whenever there is syntax error in the > program. > > For example, > > inside example.py > > I just mention below line > > > Obj = myClass() > Obj xyz > > Obj is instance of a class. But there is syntax error on xyz. So I want to > grab that error and process. > > Regards, Puneet Steve, You are absolutely right. I am trying to eliminate the method of using parenthesis while calling in my file. Especially when I call it from a instance. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to process syntax errors
Hi All
Its really good to see that some discussion happening around this topic. Sorry
I was out from my work for sometime so couldn't follow up but I really find it
useful. It gives me good opportunity to know python better as I recently
started learning python.
Ok so I tell you why I need to catch syntax error during compilation and
process them. See below example,
# I created a platform class with different method in a file and making it as a
package.
class platform:
def connect(self):
# connect device
def destroy(self):
# destroy device
def config(self, command):
# Send command to configure device
def show(self, command):
# check device health
Now person who wants to write a script using above package can simply use below
approach. Which does not make him to have knowledge in python.
DUT = platform()
DUT connect
DUT config {commands}
DUT show {commands}
DUT destroy
But I know this is not easy to do in python. As they all invalid syntax for
python language. So I thought of grabing syntax errors and manipulate them as
below internally to call them while code is compiling.
DUT = platform()
DUT.connect()
DUT.config(commands)
DUT.show(commands)
DUT.destroy()
Hope you understand my need of doing this. If there is another solution to
achieve what I am trying to. Please let me know.
Thanks, Puneet
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How to process syntax errors
Hi Is there any way to capture syntax errors and process them ? I want to write a function which calls every time whenever there is syntax error in the program. For example, inside example.py I just mention below line Obj = myClass() Obj xyz Obj is instance of a class. But there is syntax error on xyz. So I want to grab that error and process. Regards, Puneet -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A newbie doubt on methods/functions calling
Let me rephrase my question in other way. class myClass: def __init__(self, var): self.var = var myObj = myClass(abc) # I am calling instance with function name and arguments myObj func1 arg1 arg2 Can i associate any function like __init__ with instance ? Means if I just use instance anywhere as above, it calls that function in the class and take everything as argument which I mentioned after instance? Something like below class myClass: def __call__(self, args): # Then I parse the args here and call function internally self.func1(arg1, arg2) -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A newbie doubt on methods/functions calling
Well I jump from TCL to Python. And found that it was very convenient to use Procs there. So I was looking for that luxury in Python. I am not trying to reinvent the wheel. I was just curious to know if there is any possibility to create a caller function in my way (TCL) where I can call python function/proc inside myProc. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
A newbie doubt on methods/functions calling
Hi I just started learning python. Is there any way to call functions in different way ? Rather calling obj.function(arg1, arg2) I would like to call like below "obj function arg1 arg2" this function is part of a class. class myClass: def function(arg1, arg2): # do something Is it possible to do in python ? May be not directly but using some other methods. Regards, Puneet -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Looking for the best way to make this
Here is another example http://www.codetwo.com/media/images/exchange-sync-screencast-5.jpg -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Looking for the best way to make this
http://www.qualicode.com/EN/images/ScheduleGrid.png looking to add schedule like that to my software trying with Qt but not sure how to . -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generate config file from template using Python search and replace.
Ye, this does work. Many thanks!
filename = "{NNN}_{BRAND}_farm.any".format(BRAND=brand, NNN=nnn)
with open(filename, "w") as outstream:
outstream.write(data)
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Re: Generate config file from template using Python search and replace.
That makes sense. So I still can't see how to write the string object to a file whist naming the file with whatever values I provided for the NNN and BRAND variables. Printing the contents of the string object is working with all the expected substitutions. Do I need to convert the string object into a file before I write it? Or do I need to open a new file and somehow stuff the string object into it? -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generate config file from template using Python search and replace.
Actually, I don't understand what you mean by "all other braces." What braces are you talking about? The placeholders in the template file (the file being read in) have braces around them but they are not escaped. Also, do I really need curly braces to tell Python what my placeholders are? -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generate config file from template using Python search and replace.
Oh, that's much easier to read. Thanks! -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generate config file from template using Python search and replace.
On Monday, November 30, 2015 at 4:14:48 AM UTC-5, Peter Otten wrote:
> Mr Zaug wrote:
>
> > On Sunday, November 29, 2015 at 5:50:51 PM UTC-5, Peter Otten wrote:
> >> Mr Zaug wrote:
> >>
> >> > When I run this script on OS X El Capitan, I see,
> >> >
> >> > # permission sensitive cache
> >> > $include "_dispatcher_shared_auth-checker:
> >> >
> >> > Was I supposed to incorporate it into the script I posted?
> >>
> >> Are you referring to my post? I'm sorry, I can't make sense of your
> >> question.
> >
> > Yes. The snippet you posted went way over my head. When I ran it, it
> > printed
> >
> > # permission sensitive cache
> > $include "_dispatcher_shared_auth-checker:
>
> It's hard to tell from that problem description what might have gone wrong.
> However:
>
> In your template file you have to enclose all words you want to replace in
> braces ("you have foo options" becomes "you have {foo} options"), to replace
> all literal { with {{ and all literal } with }}.
>
> Did you do that?
Yup, I sure did. So here is my current script. The only remaining task now is
figuring out how to write the contents to a new file.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
script, template_file = sys.argv
print "Opening the template file..."
print "What is the serial number of the site?",
nnn = raw_input()
print "What is the brand, or product name?",
brand = raw_input()
print "What is the (fqdn) ServerName?",
server_name = raw_input()
print "What is the content path?",
content_path = raw_input()
print "What is the DAM path?",
dampath = raw_input()
print "Which environment is this for?",
env = raw_input()
print "What is the cache document root?",
cache_docroot = raw_input()
with open (template_file, "r") as a_string:
data=a_string.read().replace('{SERVER_NAME}',
server_name).replace('{BRAND}', brand).replace('{CONTENT_PATH}',
content_path).replace('{DAMPATH}', dampath).replace('{ENV}',
env).replace('{CACHE_DOCROOT}', cache_docroot)
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Re: Generate config file from template using Python search and replace.
On Sunday, November 29, 2015 at 5:50:51 PM UTC-5, Peter Otten wrote:
> Mr Zaug wrote:
>
> > When I run this script on OS X El Capitan, I see,
> >
> > # permission sensitive cache
> > $include "_dispatcher_shared_auth-checker:
> >
> > Was I supposed to incorporate it into the script I posted?
>
> Are you referring to my post? I'm sorry, I can't make sense of your
> question.
I seem to be heading in this direction.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import re
from os.path import exists
script, template_file = argv
print "Opening the template file..."
with open (template_file, "r") as a_string:
data=a_string.read().replace('BRAND', 'Fluxotine')
print(data)
So now the challenge is to use the read().replace magic for multiple values.
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Re: Generate config file from template using Python search and replace.
On Sunday, November 29, 2015 at 5:50:51 PM UTC-5, Peter Otten wrote: > Mr Zaug wrote: > > > When I run this script on OS X El Capitan, I see, > > > > # permission sensitive cache > > $include "_dispatcher_shared_auth-checker: > > > > Was I supposed to incorporate it into the script I posted? > > Are you referring to my post? I'm sorry, I can't make sense of your > question. Yes. The snippet you posted went way over my head. When I ran it, it printed # permission sensitive cache $include "_dispatcher_shared_auth-checker: -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: I can't understand re.sub
On Sunday, November 29, 2015 at 8:12:25 PM UTC-5, Rick Johnson wrote: > On Sunday, November 29, 2015 at 3:37:34 PM UTC-6, Mr Zaug wrote: > > > The items I'm searching for are few and they do not change. They are > > "CONTENT_PATH", "ENV" and "NNN". These appear on a few lines in a template > > file. They do not appear together on any line and they only appear once on > > each line. This should be simple, right? > > Yes. In fact so simple that string methods and a "for loop" will suffice. > Using regexps for this tasks would be like using a dump truck to haul a > teaspoon of salt. I rarely get a chance to do any scripting so yeah, I stink at it. Ideally I would have a script that will spit out a config file such as 087_pre-prod_snakeoil_farm.any and not need to manually rename said output file. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: I can't understand re.sub
Thanks. That does help quite a lot. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
I can't understand re.sub
I need to use re.sub to replace strings in a text file. I can't seem to understand how to use the re module to this end. result = re.sub(pattern, repl, string, count=0, flags=0); I think I understand that pattern is the regex I'm searching for and repl is the thing I want to substitute for whatever pattern finds but what is string? The items I'm searching for are few and they do not change. They are "CONTENT_PATH", "ENV" and "NNN". These appear on a few lines in a template file. They do not appear together on any line and they only appear once on each line. This should be simple, right? -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generate config file from template using Python search and replace.
When I run this script on OS X El Capitan, I see, # permission sensitive cache $include "_dispatcher_shared_auth-checker: Was I supposed to incorporate it into the script I posted? -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generate config file from template using Python search and replace.
I should mention the template file is small, just 98 lines long and the working config file will be the same size. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Generate config file from template using Python search and replace.
I need to generate a config file based on an existing "template" file. I need
to replace a set of strings with other strings globally in the generated file.
Here is a snippet of the template file, where CONTENT_PATH and DAMPATH are two
"placeholders" or variables. There are several other such placeholders.
$include "_dispatcher_publish_filters.any"
/1000 { /type "allow" /glob "* /CONTENT_PATH/*.html*" }
/1001 { /type "allow" /glob "POST /DAMPATH/www/*.html *" }
The script's user will be asked to type in unique values when prompted for
DAMPATH or CONTENT_PATH.
Since I know the variables themselves are not going to change (because the
contents of the template file don't spontaneously change) should I be using
regex to search for them or is there a better way? I was planning on using
re.sub but I don't know whether that's the best way. Here's what my script
looks like today.
from sys import argv
import re
from os.path import exists
script, template_file = argv
print "Opening the template file..."
in_file = open(template_file)
lines = in_file.readlines()
print "What is the serial number of the site?",
_NNN = raw_input()
print "What is the brand, or product name?",
_BRAND = raw_input()
print "What is the content path?",
_CONTENT_PATH = raw_input()
out_file = open(_nnn + _brand + "_farm.any", 'w')
for line in lines:
re.sub('NNN', _NNN, line)
re.sub('BRAND, _BRAND', line)
re.sub('CONTENT_PATH', _CONTENT_PATH, line)
out_file.close()
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Re: Sudoku solver
On Wednesday, March 25, 2015 at 4:39:40 AM UTC-7, Marko Rauhamaa wrote:
> A lot of discussion was generated by the good, old fibonacci sequence. I
> have yet to find practical use for fibonacci numbers. However, the
> technique behind a sudoku solver come up every now and again in
> practical situations.
>
> I post below a sudoku solver. I eagerly await neater implementations (as
> well as bug reports).
>
> Usage:
>
> ./sudoku.py
>
> sudoku.dat:
>
> 7 . . . . . 6 . .
> . 2 . 8 . 6 . 7 .
> . . . 4 3 . . 9 .
> 5 1 . . . . 4 . 3
> . . 9 . . . . 1 .
> . . . . 4 2 . . 5
> . . . 9 . . . . 8
> . . 6 . . . . 5 .
> . . . . . . . 6 .
>
>
> output:
>
> 7 8 4 2 9 5 6 3 1
> 9 2 3 8 1 6 5 7 4
> 6 5 1 4 3 7 8 9 2
> 5 1 8 6 7 9 4 2 3
> 2 4 9 3 5 8 7 1 6
> 3 6 7 1 4 2 9 8 5
> 1 7 5 9 6 3 2 4 8
> 8 3 6 7 2 4 1 5 9
> 4 9 2 5 8 1 3 6 7
>
>
>
> sudoku.py:
>
> #!/usr/bin/env python3
>
> import sys
>
> M = 3
> N = M * M
> Q = N * N
>
> candidates = list(range(1, N + 1))
>
> def main():
> board = []
> for n in sys.stdin.read().split():
> try:
> board.append(int(n))
> except ValueError:
> board.append(None)
> solve(board)
>
> def solve(board, slot=0):
> if slot == Q:
> report(board)
> elif board[slot] is None:
> for candidate in candidates:
> if good(board, slot, candidate):
> board[slot] = candidate
> solve(board, slot + 1)
> board[slot] = None
> else:
> solve(board, slot + 1)
>
> def good(board, slot, candidate):
> (shelf, row), (stack, col) = (divmod(x, M) for x in divmod(slot, N))
> for i in range(M):
> for j in range(M):
> if candidate in (board[(i * M + j) * N + stack * M + col],
> board[(shelf * M + row) * N + i * M + j],
> board[(shelf * M + i) * N + stack * M + j]):
> return False
> return True
>
> def report(board):
> print("\n".join(
> " ".join(str(board[row * N + col])
> for col in range(N))
> for row in range(N)))
> print()
>
> if __name__ == '__main__':
> main()
>
>
>
> Marko
You say "neater implementation"
I'll send you to the code-golf site:
http://codegolf.stackexchange.com/a/446/38632 this is brute force. There are
some really good implementations in other languages that arent brute force.
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Re: numpy array product driving me mad
>> I think that you want >> >> P * R[;,None] > > Sorry, I meant > > P * R[:, None] > > Manolo MuchΓsimas gracias, Manolo. Eres un genio y me has ayudado mucho. Te debo una. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
numpy array product driving me mad
Hi everyone. Hope you can help me overcome this "noob" issue. I have two numpy arrays: >>> P array([[[ 2, 3], [33, 44], [22, 11], [ 1, 2]]]) >>> R array([0, 1, 2, 3]) the values of these may of course be different. The important fact is that: >>> P.shape (1, 4, 2) >>> R.shape (4,) where the number 4 in the shape of both P and R may be another number as well (same on both). What I'd like to get is a new array Q with same shape as P so that the nth pair of Q is the nth pair of P multiplied by the nth element of R. I.e., in the above case it should produce: >>> Q array([[[ 0, 0], [33, 44], [44, 22], [ 3, 6]]]) Is there a direct, single expression command to get this result? I have tried all I could imagine, including .T, extend_dims, h/vstack, repeat..., so far with no success. Please, any help will be welcomed. Thanks. -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Can I trust downloading Python?
On Saturday, September 7, 2013 9:17:46 PM UTC-4, Aaron Martin wrote: > Hi, I am thinking about getting a software but it requires python, so that > brought up a few questions. Is it safe do download python, and does it come > with spam or advertisements? If it doesn't then should I get the latest > version? I mostly want to know if it is safeΒ to download, because most of the > timeΒ downloading free stuff off the internet comes withΒ spam and all that, so > I want to know if I can trust downloading it. Hope others find this article helpful and relevant: http://www.eweek.com/developer/open-source-python-code-sets-new-standard-for-quality-study.html/?kc=EWKNLEAU09102013BESTOF2&dni=77668545&rni=22939981 A development testing company (Coverity) reports that the core Python platform has a very low number of source code defects and its developers effect repairs to known flaws very readily, as compared to other open-source projects. I can't attest to the validity of the claim (one way or the other), but it is something worth noting -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Debugging difficulty in python with __getattr__, decorated properties and AttributeError.
On Wed, May 15, 2013 at 12:15 PM, dieter wrote:
>
> If Python would automatically redecorate overridden methods in a derived
> class, I would have no control over the process. What if I need
> the undecorated method or a differently decorated method (an
> uncached or differently cached method, in my case)?
>
On a second thought, I am convinced by your argument.
> Your getter/setter use case can quite easily be solved
> with a class "DelayedMethodAccessor":
>
> class DelayedMethodAccess(object):
> """
> def __init__(self, name): self.__name = name
> def __call__(self, inst, *args, **kw):
> return getattr(inst, self.__name)(*args, **kw)
>
> You can then use:
>
>prop = property(DelayedMethodAccess(""), ...)
>
> Or define a new decorator "property_by_name" and then
> use
>
>prop = property_by_name("", ...)
>
> Of course, this requires that the property name and the getter/setter
names
> differ, but this should be naturally enough.
>
>
> Python's current behavior is very natural once you know that
> decorators are just syntactic sugar and
>
>@
>def ...
>
> simply means:
>
>def ...
>f = (f)
>
> True, this is no perfect fit for all use cases - but
> such a fit (if it existed at all) would have to be so complex
> that only experts could understand it.
Thanks for these really nice patterns. They fits my problem very well.
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Re: Debugging difficulty in python with __getattr__, decorated properties and AttributeError.
Sorry for digging this old topic back. I see that my "'property' does not play well with polymorphic code" comment generated some controversy. So here's something in my defense: Here's the link to stackoveflow topic I am talking about: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/237432/python-properties-and-inheritance The solution that fits my taste: http://stackoverflow.com/a/14349742 A related blogpost: http://requires-thinking.blogspot.com/2006/03/note-to-self-python-properties-are-non.html Yes, I like decorators and descriptors. I also like the ability to create a "virtual property" in a python class by binding a bunch of methods as setter/getter. But I find the implementation of this "virtual property feature" a bit awkward sometimes - every time I need to override a getter/setter in a child class, I need to decorate them again. Some of you may like this "explicitness", but I don't. To Steven D'Aprano: Seriously, what's all the bashing in your last reply about? You dissected my "thank-you reply" more strictly than the python interpreter checking for syntax errors. Not in a mood for fight, but I find your opinions about "bug finding time", "hacks" and "stackoverflow" quite silly. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Differences of "!=" operator behavior in python3 and python2 [ bug? ]
I seem to stumble upon a situation where "!=" operator misbehaves in
python2.x. Not sure if it's my misunderstanding or a bug in python
implementation. Here's a demo code to reproduce the behavior -
"""
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
class DemoClass(object):
def __init__(self, val):
self.val = val
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.val == other.val
x = DemoClass('a')
y = DemoClass('a')
print("x == y: {0}".format(x == y))
print("x != y: {0}".format(x != y))
print("not x == y: {0}".format(not x == y))
"""
In python3, the output is as expected:
"""
x == y: True
x != y: False
not x == y: False
"""
In python2.7.3, the output is:
"""
x == y: True
x != y: True
not x == y: False
"""
Which is not correct!!
Thanks in advance for clarifications.
Regards,
TB
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Re: Debugging difficulty in python with __getattr__, decorated properties and AttributeError.
Thanks for clearing up. Developers of python should address this issue, in my opinion. 3.4/3.5 maybe, but better late than never. Recently, I've been beaten back for using some exotic features of python. One is this[ Took me hours to get to the bottom ]. The other one is 'property' decorator. I was using it extensively until I needed to make a child class. Then I came to know that 'property' does not play well with polymorphic code. :( I resorted to some lambda hacks learned from stackoverflow.com to solve the problem. I know that it's the correct way for decorators to work, but still, it would be nice to have a language level solution. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Debugging difficulty in python with __getattr__, decorated properties and AttributeError.
Is there any way to raise the original exception that made the call to
__getattr__? I seem to stumble upon a problem where multi-layered attribute
failure gets obscured due to use of __getattr__. Here's a dummy code to
demonstrate my problems:
"""
import traceback
class BackupAlphabet(object):
pass
class Alphabet(object):
@property
def a(self):
return backupalphabet.a
def __getattr__(self, name):
if name == "b":
return "banana"
raise AttributeError(
"'{0} object has no attribute '{1}'"
.format(self.__class__.__name__, name))
alphabet = Alphabet()
backupalphabet = BackupAlphabet()
print(alphabet.a)
print(alphabet.b)
"""
Running the above code produces this:
"""
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "example.py", line 26, in
print(alphabet.a)
File "example.py", line 20, in __getattr__
.format(self.__class__.__name__, name))
AttributeError: 'Alphabet object has no attribute 'a'
"""
While it's easy enough to identify the problem here, the traceback is
rather unhelpful in complex situations. Any comments?
Regards,
TB
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How do I use PyGTK to put text besides clickable buttons?
I've decided to use PyGTK instead of gtkdialog for providing configuration menus/dialog boxes in Swift Linux, the Linux distro I started. The problem with gtkdialog is that the i386 version is no longer available in the Debian repository. Since a picture is worth a thousand words, I'll give you a link to a screenshot of antiX Linux: http://antix.freeforums.org/download/file.php?id=23 How do I use PyGTK to create something similar to the logout dialog box in the above graphic? I've figured out how to create clickable buttons that each run a different script. What I haven't figured out is how to add text beside each button. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Can I fully replace GNU Bash with Python?
This question concerns my process of creating Swift Linux from the base distro (antiX Linux in the past, Linux Mint Debian Edition now). (NOTE: The process I'm describing here is an oversimplification.) All of my development work takes place in the ~/develop directory. This is the directory where I enter the "git clone" command to download the repositories from GitHub. These repositories are 1- build, majorfunction1, majorfunction2, and so on. After I download these repositories, I have the directories ~/develop/1-build, ~/ develop/majorfunction1, ~/develop/majorfunction2, and so on. The ~/develop/1-build directory contains the scripts that build Swift Linux. Each major function needed to create Swift Linux (such as changing web browser configuration files, changing login manager configuration files, etc.) has its own majorfunction# repository. For developing the latest version of Swift Linux, I had the swift.sh script in the ~/develop/1-build directory call scripts in the majorfunction directories with commands like: sh ~/develop/majorfunction1/main.sh sh ~/develop/majorfunction2/main.sh and so on Please note that one can run any of these major functions independently OR as part of the ~/develop/1-build/swift.sh script. The ability to run any major function independently means I can focus on just one function that's not working as it should WITHOUT messing around with other functions. This ability will be especially important when I have an actual team working on Swift Linux. What I'd like to do is replace GNU Bash with Python. I know I can replace the main.sh scripts with main.py scripts. Then the commands in the swift.sh script would be: python ~/develop/majorfunction1/main.py python ~/develop/majorfunction2/main.py and so on Is there a way I can replace the ~/develop/1-build/swift.sh script with a ~/develop/1-build/swift.py script, yet still retain the ability to work on one major function WITHOUT requiring the other major functions and the 1-build directory to be present? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Learning to use decorators with classes
Hi, I'm writing an LDAP plugin for my TG2 application. In this I wrote a small class based decorator with args to set up a connection and call the necessary functionality but I'm having problems with it. Here's my code: class getConnection(object): def __init__(self, settings, credentials): self.settings = settings self.credentials = credentials def __call__(self, f): def wrapped_f(*args, **kw): ...code snipped... try: if tls: connection.start_tls_s() if anon: con.simple_bind_s() else: con.simple_bind_s( dn, pw ) except ldap.LDAPError, e: print e.message['info'] else: kw['conn'] = connection try: f(*args, **kw) except Exception, e: print 'Exception in Plugin execution: %s' % e finally: connection.unbind() return wrapped_f class LdapPlugin(Plugin): ... def __init__(self, **kw): Plugin.__init__(self) @getConnection(self._settings, self.__cred__) def search(self, **kw): print 'Searching' ... Here the base class constructor(Plugin) fetches plugin specific settings from the web framework and stores it in self._settings and user info in self.__cred__ . Now when the method is invoked, this is the error I get: File '.../plugins/ldap/ldap/__init__.py', line 69 in LdapPlugin @getConnection(self._settings, self.__cred__) NameError: name 'self' is not defined I can simply write a method that gets a connection and deal with it but I wanted to know and learn why decorators is not working in this case. Regards, SZ " life isn't heavy enough,it flies away and floats far above action" Access Yahoo!7 Mail on your mobile. Anytime. Anywhere. Show me how: http://au.mobile.yahoo.com/mail -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Find the name of a setup tools plugin when its class is known.
Hi, Using pkg_resources, I can iterate through the plugins in an entrypoint and note down the plugin classes and all using "pkg_resources.iter_entry_points(ENTRYPOINT)" Now, when the plugin is loaded, I want to know it's entrypoint name as I have to load a bunch of settings identified by the name string. Regards, SZ " life isn't heavy enough,it flies away and floats far above action" Access Yahoo!7 Mail on your mobile. Anytime. Anywhere. Show me how: http://au.mobile.yahoo.com/mail -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
getattr on a function
Hi all, Is it possible to call functions using getattr. I have written a simple script with functions that call either SSL, TLS or plain functionality. something like: def func(): ... def funcSSL(): ... def funcTLS(): ... Now, based on my args I would like to call either one of them. In my case, I can't seem to figure out what my object would be when I call getattr(object, 'func'+) ! " life isn't heavy enough,it flies away and floats far above action" Enjoy a safer web experience. Upgrade to the new Internet Explorer 8 optimised for Yahoo!7. Get it now. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Emulate a printf() C-statement in Python???
"Andrii V. Mishkovskyi" wrote in message
news:mailman.2185.1237467269.11746.python-l...@python.org...
On Thu, Mar 19, 2009 at 2:43 PM, Mr. Z wrote:
> I'm trying emulate a printf() c statement that does, for example
>
> char* name="Chris";
> int age=30;
> printf("My name is %s", name);
> printf("My name is %s and I am %d years old.", %s, %d);
>
> In other words, printf() has a variable arguement list the we
> all know.
>
> I'm trying to do this in Python...
>
> class MyPrintf(object):
> # blah, blah
> def myprintf(object, *arg):
> # Here I'll have to know I NEED 2 arguments in format string
> arg[0]
> print arg[0] % (arg[1], arg[2])
Note: you can, of course, use any name for the instance variable in
methods, but 'self' is considered a de-facto standard, not 'object'.
Besides, you're overriding builtin which is considered a bad practice.
>
> name="Chris"
> age=30
> printf=MyPrintf()
> printf.myPrintf(("My name is %s and I am %d years old.", name, age)
> will of course print...
> My name is Chris and I am 42 years old.
>
> But
> printf.myPrintf(("My name is %s.", name)
> of course gives
> Index error: list index out of range
>
> How can I generalize the print call in the myprintf() function to do this?
>
> print arg[0] % (arg[1])
> print arg[0] % (arg[1], arg[2])
> print arg[0] % (arg[1], ..., arg[n])
It's quite simple:
def printf(fmt, *args):
print fmt % args
>
> --
>
> ---
> Remove XSPAM
>
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
Too simple, I love it!
--
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He's got a heart of a little child, and he keeps it in a jar on his desk.
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Emulate a printf() C-statement in Python???
I'm trying emulate a printf() c statement that does, for example
char* name="Chris";
int age=30;
printf("My name is %s", name);
printf("My name is %s and I am %d years old.", %s, %d);
In other words, printf() has a variable arguement list the we
all know.
I'm trying to do this in Python...
class MyPrintf(object):
# blah, blah
def myprintf(object, *arg):
# Here I'll have to know I NEED 2 arguments in format string
arg[0]
print arg[0] % (arg[1], arg[2])
name="Chris"
age=30
printf=MyPrintf()
printf.myPrintf(("My name is %s and I am %d years old.", name, age)
will of course print...
My name is Chris and I am 42 years old.
But
printf.myPrintf(("My name is %s.", name)
of course gives
Index error: list index out of range
How can I generalize the print call in the myprintf() function to do this?
print arg[0] % (arg[1])
print arg[0] % (arg[1], arg[2])
print arg[0] % (arg[1], ..., arg[n])
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imaplib thread method anomaly
Hi,
I was looking at the thread functionality of IMAP4rev1 servers with the
threading extension. Here is my output with debug=8 :
02:23.02 > GDJB3 UID THREAD references UTF-8 (SEEN)
02:23.02 < * THREAD (3)(2)(4)(1)
02:23.02 matched r'\* (?P[A-Z-]+)( (?P.*))?' => ('THREAD', '
(3)(2)(4)(1)', '(3)(2)(4)(1)')
02:23.03 untagged_responses[THREAD] 0 += ["(3)(2)(4)(1)"]
02:23.03 < GDJB3 OK Thread completed.
02:23.03 matched r'(?PGDJB\d+) (?P[A-Z]+) (?P.*)' =>
('GDJB3', 'OK', 'Thread completed.')
[None]
...
02:59.22 > CNCF3 THREAD references UTF-8 (SEEN)
02:59.23 < * THREAD (3)(2)(4)(1)
02:59.23 matched r'\* (?P[A-Z-]+)( (?P.*))?' => ('THREAD', '
(3)(2)(4)(1)', '(3)(2)(4)(1)')
02:59.23 untagged_responses[THREAD] 0 += ["(3)(2)(4)(1)"]
02:59.23 < CNCF3 OK Thread completed.
02:59.23 matched r'(?PCNCF\d+) (?P[A-Z]+) (?P.*)' =>
('CNCF3', 'OK', 'Thread completed.')
02:59.23 untagged_responses[THREAD] => ['(3)(2)(4)(1)']
['(3)(2)(4)(1)']
As you can see, the first is a UID command and the second is calling the thread
method. Also, the server responses are the same for both. So why is one
returning None and the other returning the correct response? I'm using
python2.4 and I'm stuck with it as I'm using it in a zope environment.
Regards,
SZ
" life isn't heavy enough,it flies away and floats far above action"
Make Yahoo!7 your homepage and win a trip to the Quiksilver Pro. Find out
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Re: Is there a better algorithm?
As has been noted, the best is to fix the input to be regular-3- tuples. For the fun of it, here's another variation of a solution: tuples = [(1, 2), (3, 4, 5), (6, 7)] def triple_or_pair(seq): u = None try: k, u, v = seq except ValueError: k, v = seq return k, u, v for k, u, v in [ triple_or_pair(seq) for seq in tuples ]: print k, u, v -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: OT: Binary tree logarithms properties
2008/12/17 Terry Reedy : > Nodes only have single number indexes if you arrange them linearly. Then the > index depends on how you arrange them, whether you start the array indexes > with 0 or 1, and whether you start the level numbers with 0 or 1. Call the > breadth-first sequence bf. Then the 1-based slice for 1-first level k is > bf[2**(k-1):2**k)]. Again, proof by induction. Yes, I was referring to the heap numeration. Anyway, Francesco Guerrieri answered me in a private message and explained me the formula. But actually I was searching for other similar properties. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
OT: Binary tree logarithms properties
Hi, I'm searching for a clear explanation of binary tree properties, expecially the ones related to logarithms. For example, I know that in a tree with 2n-1 nodes, we have log(n) levels, from 0 to log(n). So, if k is the level, the nodes on a level have indexes between 2^k and 2^(k+1)-1. For k=0 we have 2 and 3. For k=1 we have 4, 5, 6, 7 and so on. I know this after I studied some exercises on my book. Anyway there is no explanation or demonstration of these properties. I know this is not the better place to ask (or maybe it is?), but maybe someone can point me to something useful. Thanks, bye -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Free place to host python files?
2008/12/16 feba : > Stuff like code.google, sf.net, are more oriented towards serious > development, not just holding random apps, aren't they? > > Anyway, I found MediaFire, which looks like it will suffice for now. Take a look to Dropbox (http://www.getdropbox.com/). You can use it to directly share files with your friends or to create a public link to your files so other people can download them. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: matching exactly a 4 digit number in python
2008/11/21 harijay <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
> Hi
> I am a few months new into python. I have used regexps before in perl
> and java but am a little confused with this problem.
>
> I want to parse a number of strings and extract only those that
> contain a 4 digit number anywhere inside a string
>
> However the regexp
> p = re.compile(r'\d{4}')
>
> Matches even sentences that have longer than 4 numbers inside
> strings ..for example it matches "I have 3324234 and more"
Try with this:
p = re.compile(r'\d{4}$')
The $ character matches the end of the string. It should work.
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Re: strange permission issue with nosetests
On Thu, Nov 20, 2008 at 13:34, Ben Finney <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Mr.SpOOn <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > >> Searching on google I found this: http://www.siafoo.net/article/61 >> He had the same issue and said to change permission of the file to 664. > > Unit test modules, which are primarily meant to be imported and have > the tests collected and *then* run by the unit test framework, should > be non-executable modules. I'm very glad nose enforces this. Mmm it seems strange to me. I mean, there isn't any reference to this on the site. How would one imagine he needs to change permission? And it is strange that the first time I didn't need to change anything. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
strange permission issue with nosetests
Hi, I'm trying the nose testing package. I've just started reading the tutorial and I had a problem with the first simple example. This is the test: def test_b(): assert 'b' == 'b' In the same directory I gave the command nosetests and it runs the test. Then I try with nosetests -v, but it just says this: -- Ran 0 tests in 0.003s OK I thought because I didn't change anything in the file, don't know. Tried to change, but nothing. I moved on and wrote another test, inside a class, but nothing. It just doesn't run tests. Searching on google I found this: http://www.siafoo.net/article/61 He had the same issue and said to change permission of the file to 664. I tried and it worked. Is that normal? Why does it happen? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Building musical chords starting from (a lot of) rules
I think I've found a nice way to represent and build chords. At least,
at the moment it satisfy me, maybe later I'll understand how it sucks.
I'm using two separate classes: one represent a chord and is
implemented as a set of Notes; the other represents the structure
(type) of the chord and is a set of Intervals.
I can build a chord in different ways, but the general idea is that I
need a root note and a structure.
The structure isn't bound to any particular chord, because it doesn't
contain notes, but just intervals. So I can have the structure of
minor chord, of a major chord and apply them to two different notes
and build my chords.
So what is important is just the parsing of the structure. The
structure will be a string: at the moment I'm considering it space
separated, so kind of: 'min 9 no5'
I split it in a list and start from the third. I check if there's a
no3, then if there's 'min' and I put a minor third. I do the same for
the fifth. Then the first element will be the main chord structure,
because it could be a 7, a 9, a 11, a 13 and so on. I have a
dictionary with this structures, in this way:
chord_structs = {'9': ['b7', '9'], '11': ., '13': .}
So if the element is in the dictionary, I add the intervals listed,
else I just add the element. That's the case of the 7, or 6 etc. Then
I'll add the rest of the structure.
This is not complete or perfect, neither explained so well, but that's
the main idea.
Thanks for the help :D
bye
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Re: Programming exercises/challenges
On Wed, Nov 19, 2008 at 3:41 PM, Philip Semanchuk <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I'm not sure why you'd need to host the Python code anywhere other than your > home computer. If you wanted to pull thousands of pages from a site like > that, you'd need to respect their robots.txt file. Don't forget to look for > a crawl-delay specification. Even if they don't specify one, you shouldn't > let your bot hammer their servers at full speed -- give it a delay, let it > run in the background, it might take you three days versus an hour to > collect the data you need but that's not too big of deal in the service of > good manners, is it? Mmm, I didn't really mean the possibility to just host the code, but to run. I mean, like server side code, so that my programs keep running and updating, in my case, the RSS feed, without the need for me to be online and run it. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Programming exercises/challenges
On Wed, Nov 19, 2008 at 1:50 PM, Jeremiah Dodds <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > If you need to do it on the extremely cheap, you can host on your own > machine on a port other than 80, make sure your router / firewall is > forwarding the port to your machine, and use dyndns (http://dyndns.com) to > give yourself a domain name. CherryPy (http://cherrypy.org) makes the python > side of hosting a simple service or app quite painless. I use this method to > host a little app for downloading Ubuntu packages and their dependencies as > a tarfile on my personal machine. Thanks, I'll try. To turn back in topic, there is the python challenge: http://www.pythonchallenge.com/ I started it when I was learning Python, but since the beginning it is not as simple as they say on the site. It maybe stimulating. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Programming exercises/challenges
On Wed, Nov 19, 2008 at 1:35 PM, Jeremiah Dodds <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > Personally, I prefer a host that gives me root on a box (or virtual > machine). I've had a great time with slicehost (http://slicehost.com). Yes, I knew about slicehost, but it is expensive for what I need to do, that is just experimentin a bit. > There are a few hosts that specialize in, or explicitly offer python > hosting, http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonHosting has an overview of them. Thanks for the link, seems useful. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
