Re: qmail book

2000-04-27 Thread John R. Levine

>I know that a qmail book is in the works for some time in 2000, and it has
>fallen off of O'Reilly's production schedule...any update on this?  Any idea
>when it's coming out?  I think I'll be the first in line for it when it
>comes!

Russ and I expect to get back to work on it this summer.  I have one book
in the queue ahead of it which is mostly done.

-- 
John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 387 6869
[EMAIL PROTECTED], Village Trustee and Sewer Commissioner, http://iecc.com/johnl, 
Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail



Re: qmail inserting from: anonymous

2000-04-27 Thread Mahlon Smith



Nope, nothing sinister, just no real FROM header, 
so qmail inserts it's own.

Setting your ENV variables from within your script 
(before you call your mailer) will take care of it nicely.

--
Mahlon Smith
InternetCDS
http://www.internetcds.com



On Wed, 26 Apr 2000, Paul Farber wrote:

> I have a Formmail script on a web server, and whenever I send a message,
> qmail logs it from 'anonymous'.
> 
> I grepped the script and there is no anonymous text string.  My guess is
> that qmail is inserting it.  Should I set an environment variable to get
> rid of it or is there something more sinister going on?
> 
> 
> Apr 26 06:14:52 localhost qmail: 956744092.582590 new msg 1860
> Apr 26 06:14:52 localhost qmail: 956744092.582794 info msg 1860: bytes 590
> from <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> qp 14266 uid 504
> Apr 26 06:14:52 localhost qmail: 956744092.844474 starting delivery 65:
> msg 1860 to remote [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Apr 26 06:14:52 localhost qmail: 956744092.844593 status: local 0/10
> remote 1/20
> Apr 26 06:14:53 localhost qmail: 956744093.117810 delivery 65:
> success:
> 208.149.160.16_accepted_message./Remote_host_said:_250_ok_956758286_qp_20893/
> Apr 26 06:14:53 localhost qmail: 956744093.118837 status: local 0/10
> remote 0/20
> Apr 26 06:14:53 localhost qmail: 956744093.119128 end msg 1860
> (
> 
> 
> Paul Farber
> Farber Technology
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Ph  570-628-5303
> Fax 570-628-5545
> 




Re: Configuration question behind a firewall

2000-04-27 Thread Mrs. Brisby

On Thu, 27 Apr 2000 17:58:12 PDT, Susan Short wrote:

>I am a qmail newbie.
>
>I have qmail installed and working in our dmz behind one Cisco pix.
>
>Our network design requires that I forward all the mail currently coming 
>into my dmz back to our inside secure network to host email02 behind another 
>pix.  I have tried to set this up and am my mail appears to be going in a 
>loop.
>
>My intention was for email01 in the dmz to receive all mail and send it back 
>to email02 for storage. the MX record on the internet points to email01.  
>There is no record on the internet for email02.

I had to do something similar at my office. Using your example, I configured email01 
to forward all mail to it's smarthost: 
email02. i did this by using the smarthost file in the controls/ dir on email01.

both machines were led to believe they were both hostX (locals, me, rcpthosts). 
however, only email02 would have the 
maildrops.

hope this helps.




Re: AntiVirus packages.

2000-04-27 Thread Ismal Hisham Darus

our site use scan4virus by jason haar. You can give a try at

http://www.geocities.com/jhaar/scan4virus/

On 27 Apr 00, at 13:24, Steve Peace hit the keyboard :

> Does anybody know of a good antivirus package I can put on my RedHat 6.1, 
> Qmail 1.03 server that may possibly be able to scan incoming messages for 
> viruses?  If not I guess I will have to trust my users to not download and 
> execute any questionable attachments and actually trust them to scan there 
> own PCs for viruses every so often.
> 
> Thanks,
> Steve Peace
> 
> Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com
> 








Ismal Hisham Mohd Darus
Asst. Manager, System Support
John Hancock Life Insurance (Malaysia) Berhad







Configuration question behind a firewall

2000-04-27 Thread Susan Short

I am a qmail newbie.

I have qmail installed and working in our dmz behind one Cisco pix.

Our network design requires that I forward all the mail currently coming 
into my dmz back to our inside secure network to host email02 behind another 
pix.  I have tried to set this up and am my mail appears to be going in a 
loop.

My intention was for email01 in the dmz to receive all mail and send it back 
to email02 for storage. the MX record on the internet points to email01.  
There is no record on the internet for email02.

I was trying to do this with smtproutes. So email01 has mydomain.com in its 
rcpthosts but nots its locals and an smtproute file with
mydomain.com:[ip_of_email02]. Then email02 had just one line in its 
smtproute file of
:[ip_of_email01].

I Tried putting mydomain.com back in the locals on email01 and using a 
.qmail-default file to forward everything back to the IP address of email02.

[email01]# more .qmail-default
| forward "$LOCAL@[10.2.10.6]"

I didn't get mail in either of the above cases.  My first question is 
conceptual. Am I going about this in the correct manner or is there a better 
way?

I will need to have email02 forward outbound mail because I don't have 
internet DNS resolution in my secure network.

What do you think the best configuration is given that I will probably not 
be able to get DNS resolution back to my secure network and I will only have 
my email01 host in the DMZ advertizing as an DNS MX record on the internet.  
My disk storage for email messages is all in the secure network so I need to 
store the messages back there.

Thanks for any help on this.

Susan Short




Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com




Re: Qmail installation on FreeBSD 4 following LWQ didn't work out

2000-04-27 Thread Neil Blakey-Milner

I wrote:
> If you're unable to wait a day or two, it won't kill you if you install
> it manually.  I should get around to upgrading it tomorrow, if not in
> the next few hours.

Ok, it took 34 hours, since I had to find out about repository copies.
It should work now.

Neil
-- 
Neil Blakey-Milner
Hacker In Chief, Sunesi Clinical Systems
[EMAIL PROTECTED]



qmail book

2000-04-27 Thread andy huhn

I know that a qmail book is in the works for some time in 2000, and it has
fallen off of O'Reilly's production schedule...any update on this?  Any idea
when it's coming out?  I think I'll be the first in line for it when it
comes!

Andy Huhn
DataSwitch Information Services, Inc.
http://www.stormwarn.com
Get Customized Weather Bulletins Sent to Email, Fax, or Pager for as low as
$2.00/month!




vpopmail mysql problem - help

2000-04-27 Thread PPPindia

I am trying to setup vpopmail with mysql support.
I have followed the instructions in README.mysql
I can add an user through qmailadmin but the user info
is getting written into vpasswd file and not into mysql table.

I get vsql_getw error - failed connect message when i try
to add an user from the command prompt and the same message
when i send an email to the new user. (it bounces back) 
I also get no table vpopmail.vpopmail error.

there is no table in vpopmail database, eventhough i get
converting done message when i convert using vconvert.
What is the problem here ?

Why vpopmail is not creating the necessary table ?
If i can make vpopmail to create a table then the problem
is solved.

Should i configure qmail also to use mysql ?

Any help is appreciated

regards
babu
++
PPPshar- Internet for your LAN with one Internet account
netMailshar -Email for every desktop with one 'Net account.
MailAssistant - Speaking Email Notifier
GetAgain - resume interrupted downloads.
Visit http://www.pppindia.com/software
++




Re: AntiVirus packages.

2000-04-27 Thread Anton Pirnat

There are different ways to do so.. have a look at
http://satan.oih.rwth-aachen.de/AMaViS/amavis.html

hth 

Anton Pirnat

>> Ursprüngliche Nachricht <<

Am 27.04.00, 14:24:14, schrieb "Steve Peace" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
zum Thema AntiVirus packages.:


> Does anybody know of a good antivirus package I can put on my RedHat 
6.1,
> Qmail 1.03 server that may possibly be able to scan incoming messages 
for
> viruses?  If not I guess I will have to trust my users to not download 
and
> execute any questionable attachments and actually trust them to scan 
there
> own PCs for viruses every so often.

> Thanks,
> Steve Peace
> 

> Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at 
http://www.hotmail.com






AntiVirus packages.

2000-04-27 Thread Steve Peace

Does anybody know of a good antivirus package I can put on my RedHat 6.1, 
Qmail 1.03 server that may possibly be able to scan incoming messages for 
viruses?  If not I guess I will have to trust my users to not download and 
execute any questionable attachments and actually trust them to scan there 
own PCs for viruses every so often.

Thanks,
Steve Peace

Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com




Re: qmail-uce works in vpopmail environment ?

2000-04-27 Thread sunchain


On Thu, 27 Apr 2000 14:01:08 +0800 (CST)
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

> Hi there,
> 
> I am having qmail+vpopmail running on Solaris and am looking for
> some ways to let my vpopmail account users to have his/her own
> mail filter to reject mails. I saw 'qmail-uce' on the net. It
> looks like a good way to try, but I am wondering if it works well
> with vpopmail environment. Can qmail-uce (w/maildrop or procmail)
> recognize individual user's filter recipe under a vpopmail account's
> home directory?
> (say, /home/vpopmail/domains/virtual.net/user1/rcptfilter)
> 
> Any idea ?
> 
> Thanks in advance
> 
> 
> Wang-hua Li
> 
I think vpopmail put user's dot qmail file at vitural domain directory.
for example, user1 of virtual.net, .qmail-virtual.net-user1 is existing
under /home/vpopmail/domains/virtual.net/.
So It cann't recognize file under
/home/vpopmail/domains/virtual.net/user1/rcptfilter,


sunchain 
>from [EMAIL PROTECTED]




Re: Compilation errors

2000-04-27 Thread Paul Schinder

At 11:41 AM +0800 4/27/00, Isaiah Chua wrote:
>hi folks,
>
>I'm not sure if this has been asked before, but searching the FAQs 
>didn't produce anything, so I assume it could be new.
>
>I'm trying to compile qMail on our RedHat 6.2 server and have 
>downloaded all the necessary files for qMail to be compiled and take 
>over sendmail.
>
>However, whenever I try to compile either of the modules and qMail 
>itself, I get a rather similar message for all... after typing 'make 
>setup check':
>
>bash# cd qmail*
>bash# make setup check
>( ( ./compile tryvfork.c && ./load tryvfork ) >/dev/null \
>2>&1 \
>&& cat fork.h2 || cat fork.h1 ) > fork.h
>rm -f tryvfork.o tryvfork
>./compile qmail-local.c
>qmail-local.c: In function `main':
>qmail-local.c:448: warning: return type of `main' is not `int'
>./compile qmail.c
>./compile quote.c
>./compile now.c
>./compile gfrom.c
>./compile myctime.c
>./compile slurpclose.c
>./compile case_diffb.c
>./compile case_diffs.c
>./compile case_lowerb.c
>./compile case_lowers.c
>./compile case_starts.c
>./makelib case.a case_diffb.o case_diffs.o case_lowerb.o \
>case_lowers.o case_starts.o
>./compile getln.c
>./compile getln2.c
>./makelib getln.a getln.o getln2.o
>./compile subgetopt.c
>./compile sgetopt.c
>./makelib getopt.a subgetopt.o sgetopt.o
>./compile sig_alarm.c
>In file included from /usr/include/signal.h:300,
>  from sig_alarm.c:1:
>/usr/include/bits/sigcontext.h:28: asm/sigcontext.h: No such file or
>directory
>make: *** [sig_alarm.o] Error 1
>
>I already have all the GNU C compilers installed on the server.
>
>Anyone has any ideas why?
>

You're missing the kernel headers, most likely.  You'll need to get 
them from somewhere before you can proceed.  There's an rpm, I think. 
On my Yellow Dog Linux machine (a RedHat clone for PPC), 
/usr/include/asm is a symlink into the kernel sources.

>
>
>

-- 
--
Paul J. Schinder
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Code 693
[EMAIL PROTECTED]



Re: qmailanalog - matchup

2000-04-27 Thread Peter Green

On Thu, Apr 27, 2000 at 12:35:21PM +0200, Steffan Hoeke wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I've (finally) started using qmailanalog, but when i try to pass a
> specific maillog through matchup i get the following error :
> 
> matchup: fatal: unable to write to fd 5: file descriptor not open

Did you read the man page for matchup?

   matchup  exits after it sees end of file.  It prints pend-
   ing messages and deliveries on descriptor 5, in  a  format
   suitable for input to a future invocation of matchup:

  out.1 5>pending.2
  cat pending.2 log.2 | matchup >out.2 5>pending.3
  cat pending.3 log.3 | matchup >out.3 5>pending.4

It's only an error if there are messages pending. You'll probably want to
change your script to reflect this or you won't have accurate reports.

/pg
-- 
Peter Green
Gospel Communications Network, SysAdmin
[EMAIL PROTECTED]



Re: messages sent to msglog??

2000-04-27 Thread Peter Green

On Thu, Apr 27, 2000 at 10:29:28AM +0530, Madhav wrote:
> hi,
> i use a RH 6.1 and i have installed qmail in one machine using rpms from
> "bruceg-qmail+patches"
> and it is working fine. but when i send mails i see a delivery made to
> msglog (also i am unable to find where this is stored) i don't want to keep
> a copy of the mails sent. so how do i disable it.

It is disabled by default. The "delivery" you are seeing is (basically)
merely a formality. Look at the file /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-msglog; if it
only has comments, then messages bound for msglog@wherever are going right
into the bit bucket. The original recipient still gets it, though.

/pg
-- 
Peter Green
Gospel Communications Network, SysAdmin
[EMAIL PROTECTED]



qmailanalog - matchup

2000-04-27 Thread Steffan Hoeke

Hi,

I've (finally) started using qmailanalog, but when i try to pass a specific maillog 
through matchup i get the following error :

matchup: fatal: unable to write to fd 5: file descriptor not open

I'm using a script to pass maillog & maillog.1 thu 7 to matchup.
2 of the logs generate this error :-(

I've attached the script, just in case.
I know it's not great programming, it's more 'brute force', but i'm a newbie to unix 
and haven't gotten the hang of scripting yet :-(

Thanks,
 Steffan
-- 
http://therookie.dyndns.org


#
## Which shell to use for processing
#
#!/usr/local/bin/bash

#
## Where should temporary files be stored
#
TempLoc=/tmp

#
## Where can i find the log files
#
LogLoc=/var/log

cd $TempLoc
echo preprocessing maillog.7
echo -n '   copying'
cp $LogLoc/maillog.7.gz .
echo ' .'
echo -n '   unpacking'
gunzip ./maillog.7.gz
echo ' .'
echo -n '   filtering'
awk '{$1="";$2="";$3="";$4="";$5="";print}' ./maillog.7 | matchup 
>./matchup.out
echo ' .'

echo preprocessing maillog.6
echo -n '   copying'
cp $LogLoc/maillog.6.gz .
echo ' .'
echo -n '   unpacking'
gunzip ./maillog.6.gz
echo ' .'
echo -n '   filtering'
awk '{$1="";$2="";$3="";$4="";$5="";print}' ./maillog.6 | matchup 
>>./matchup.out
echo ' .'

echo preprocessing maillog.5
echo -n '   copying'
cp $LogLoc/maillog.5.gz .
echo ' .'
echo -n '   unpacking'
gunzip ./maillog.5.gz
echo ' .'
echo -n '   filtering'
awk '{$1="";$2="";$3="";$4="";$5="";print}' ./maillog.5 | matchup 
>>./matchup.out
echo ' .'

echo preprocessing maillog.4
echo -n '   copying'
cp $LogLoc/maillog.4.gz .
echo ' .'
echo -n '   unpacking'
gunzip ./maillog.4.gz
echo ' .'
echo -n '   filtering'
awk '{$1="";$2="";$3="";$4="";$5="";print}' ./maillog.4 | matchup 
>>./matchup.out
echo ' .'

echo preprocessing maillog.3
echo -n '   copying'
cp $LogLoc/maillog.3.gz .
echo ' .'
echo -n '   unpacking'
gunzip ./maillog.3.gz
echo ' .'
echo -n '   filtering'
awk '{$1="";$2="";$3="";$4="";$5="";print}' ./maillog.3 | matchup 
>>./matchup.out
echo ' .'

echo preprocessing maillog.2
echo -n '   copying'
cp $LogLoc/maillog.2.gz .
echo ' .'
echo -n '   unpacking'
gunzip ./maillog.2.gz
echo ' .'
echo -n '   filtering'
awk '{$1="";$2="";$3="";$4="";$5="";print}' ./maillog.2 | matchup 
>>./matchup.out
echo ' .'

echo preprocessing maillog.1
echo -n '   copying'
cp $LogLoc/maillog.1.gz .
echo ' .'
echo -n '   unpacking'
gunzip ./maillog.1.gz
echo ' .'
echo -n '   filtering'
awk '{$1="";$2="";$3="";$4="";$5="";print}' ./maillog.1 | matchup 
>>./matchup.out
echo ' .'

echo preprocessing maillog.0
echo -n '   copying'
cp $LogLoc/maillog.0.gz .
echo ' .'
echo -n '   unpacking'
gunzip ./maillog.0.gz
echo ' .'
echo -n '   filtering'
awk '{$1="";$2="";$3="";$4="";$5="";print}' ./maillog.0 | matchup 
>>./matchup.out
echo ' .'

echo preprocessing maillog
echo -n '   copying'
cp $LogLoc/maillog .
echo ' .'
echo -n '   unpacking'
echo -n ' not needed'
echo ' .'
echo -n '   filtering'
awk '{$1="";$2="";$3="";$4="";$5="";print}' ./maillog | matchup 
>>./matchup.out
echo ' .'
echo cleaning up
echo -n '   removing maillog.7'
rm maillog.7
echo ' .'
echo -n '   removing maillog.6'
rm maillog.6
echo ' .'   
echo -n '   removing maillog.5'
rm maillog.5
echo ' .'   
echo -n '   removing maillog.4'
rm maillog.4
echo ' .'
echo -n '   removing maillog.3'
rm maillog.3
echo ' .'
echo -n '   removing maillog.2'
rm maillog.2
echo ' .'
echo -n '   removing maillog.1'
rm maillog.1
echo ' .'
echo -n '   removing maillog.0'
rm maillog.0
echo ' .'
echo -n '   removing maillog'
rm maillog
echo ' .'



fetchmail + qmail, socket error

2000-04-27 Thread joe




Hi all,
    I encounter the follow 
problem. Can anyone drop hints for me.
My configuration:
Red Hat : 6.0+CLE v0.8
qmail:1.03
fetchmail: 5.0
 
I setup dialup on demand for crond to retrieve mail from ISP 
through fetchmail. Every thing is work properly. However, if i retrivev a mail 
which the size
is greater(1M). The fetchmail will come up with socket error 
Query Status=2
By fetchmail FAQ,  I have set 
the following in my ppp options file
mtu 552
mru 552
 
but the error still occur. Can anyone know why?
 
Joe
 
 
 


Re: system start script

2000-04-27 Thread dd


> I installed qmail 1.03 and it works fine on my Digital unix4.0D.
>
> However when I tested my system script starting the qmail at boot:

[...]

> qmail was not started at boot, although the script works when
> tried at the command line.  (the script was in /.../rc3.d)

I had the same problem in linux then I found out that Iwas running one of
the services qmail needed _after_ starting qmail (right now I can't remember
wich one though :/). Making sure that qmail was called at the end of the
script (check the daemons called in other scripts also) and modifying the
script accordingly solved the problem.  if You're using tcpserver make sure
that it's called after qmail is started.


hope this helps a little bit...
yours,

dd




qmail Digest 27 Apr 2000 10:00:01 -0000 Issue 984

2000-04-27 Thread qmail-digest-help


qmail Digest 27 Apr 2000 10:00:01 - Issue 984

Topics (messages 40647 through 40671):

Qmail installation on FreeBSD 4 following LWQ didn't work out
40647 by: Gabriel Ambuehl
40651 by: Neil Blakey-Milner
40655 by: Mads E Eilertsen
40663 by: Neil Blakey-Milner

to get qmail system administrators name in the LOG file
40648 by: ravivr.hss.hns.com

Re: Can't send via Mail.app on NeXT
40649 by: Michael Friendly

Q: ETRN + Qmail
40650 by: Anton Pirnat
40652 by: Anton Pirnat
40662 by: Markus Stumpf

QMAIL 1.03 SMTP antispam filter patch
40653 by: Laura Donovan
40657 by: Will Harris

qmail inserting from: anonymous
40654 by: Paul Farber

'anonymous' problem
40656 by: Peter van Dijk

Re: queue-fix 1.4 won't compile on IRIX6.5.3m
40658 by: Will Harris

Re: qmail-smtpd logging
40659 by: Markus Stumpf

Re: AutoTURN ISP?
40660 by: Markus Stumpf
40661 by: Peter van Dijk

Re: How do I enable user nobody to use qmail-inject?
40664 by: Mikko Hänninen

Re: Internet mail
40665 by: R.Ilker Gokhan

Re: suse and qmail
40666 by: Russell Nelson

Re: temporary failure warning message
40667 by: Aaron L. Meehan

Compilation errors
40668 by: Isaiah Chua

messages sent to msglog??
40669 by: Madhav

selective forwarding.
40670 by: Colin Humphreys

qmail-uce works in vpopmail environment ?
40671 by: mack.ms1.hinet.net

Administrivia:

To unsubscribe from the digest, e-mail:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]

To subscribe to the digest, e-mail:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]

To bug my human owner, e-mail:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]

To post to the list, e-mail:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]


--



Hello,
I just attempted to install qmail on a FreeBSD 4 box following LWQ
(which did always work for my SuSE Linux boxes). I installed qmail,
daemontools and ucspi-tcp using the respective ports but when I try

root@beta 14:20:58 /etc/init.d # qmail start # (I put it there as I couldn't find 
another init.d dir on FreeBSD) I just
Starting qmail: svscan.
env: root@beta 14:21:02 /etc/init.d # svscan: No such file or directory

(now the system is blocked until I hit ^C). Where has svscan gone? Is
the port perhaps broken (meaning: should I do
make deinstall
and attempt to install the packages manually, ignoring all advice
that FreeBSD people are giving)?

Best regards,
 Gabriel






On Wed 2000-04-26 (14:21), Gabriel Ambuehl wrote:
> I just attempted to install qmail on a FreeBSD 4 box following LWQ
> (which did always work for my SuSE Linux boxes). I installed qmail,
> daemontools and ucspi-tcp using the respective ports but when I try
> 
> root@beta 14:20:58 /etc/init.d # qmail start # (I put it there as I couldn't find 
>another init.d dir on FreeBSD) I just
> Starting qmail: svscan.
> env: root@beta 14:21:02 /etc/init.d # svscan: No such file or directory

The FreeBSD daemontools port is at version 0.53 (which doesn't have
svscan).  Because of the changes in program names and so forth, the
previous maintainer got a bit irritated and didn't upgrade it.  I'm
currently responsible for upgrading it.  (if anyone has some wrapper
scripts that emulate the old commands, now is the time to pipe up
*grin*)

> and attempt to install the packages manually, ignoring all advice
> that FreeBSD people are giving)?

If you're unable to wait a day or two, it won't kill you if you install
it manually.  I should get around to upgrading it tomorrow, if not in
the next few hours.

Neil
-- 
Neil Blakey-Milner
Alpha Geek, Sunesi Clinical Systems
[EMAIL PROTECTED]




On Wed, 26 Apr 2000, Gabriel Ambuehl wrote:

[...]  svscan: No such file or directory

If you install daemontools according to the instructions,
svscan will be in /usr/local/bin, or where you specified it to be (conf-home).


> [...] ignoring all advice
> that FreeBSD people are giving)?

If you installed it as a package svscan might be somewhere else, or,
as in you case, not there at all due to an old version.

DJB has made it easy to grab the latest version and follow
some very simple installation instructions.  I've installed
daemontools a couple of times now, on FreeBSD and other platforms,
and never felt any need for a package.  What are the specific arguments
against doing this on FreeBSD?

Mads





On Wed 2000-04-26 (17:35), Mads E Eilertsen wrote:
> I've installed daemontools a couple of times now, on FreeBSD and other
> platforms, and never felt any need for a package.  What are the
> specific arguments against doing this on FreeBSD?

Like on most other platforms - it makes it harder for some people to
manage their installed software.  Some people have grown up always
installing their own stuff, and other have arrived and always used
packages - neither are any more correct.

FreeBSD ports basically contain patches to the original pristeen
di