Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Need Help With Permissions - LMS Can't Access Media Files
Great...but Thanks go to Audiomuze Logitech Media Server Version: 7.9.0 - 1410276236 @ Wed Sep 10 04:02:02 UTC 2014 Operating system: Debian - EN - utf8Platform Architecture: x86_64-linux Perl Version: 5.18.2 - x86_64-linux-gnu-thread-multi Audio::Scan: 0.95 Database Version: DBD::SQLite 1.34_01 (sqlite 3.7.7.1) One SB Touch connected by ethernet - Denon AVR -1912 Receiver, Paradigm 4.1 speakers Two SB Radio wireless SlimChances's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=165 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=102165 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Need Help With Permissions - LMS Can't Access Media Files
SlimChances wrote: > This thread has helped me every time I had to set permissions in a new > Ubuntu install > http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?92526-Setting-file-permissions-correctly SlimChances, I can't thank you enough for this! I have worked for hours to get this working, and you pointed me to the one command that made it happen. Once I had that command it took about 15 seconds and my problem was fixed. Thank you! bobsmith's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=63350 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=102165 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Announce: Squeezelite - a small headless squeezeplay emulator for linux (alsa only)
Triode wrote: > The output buffer is 10 seconds, the stream buffer is 2M and holds > compressed audio, so its length depends on the bitrate of your audio > stream. I doubt these are the problem if it happens when your > screensaver starts... However is squeezelite run as root or with > priority settings so that it can run the output thread as real time? > > http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?97046-Announce-Squeezelite-a-small-headless-squeezeplay-emulator-for-linux-%28alsa-only%29&p=734997&highlight=SCHED_FIFO#post734997 No just running as user. I'll look into running with those priority settings as it is running with priority of 20, the same as the screensaver. Thanks Zomby Woof's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=62369 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=97046 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Announce: Squeezelite - a small headless squeezeplay emulator for linux (alsa only)
Zomby Woof wrote: > "Suggest trying different output devices on the desktop pc from the > squeezelite output options. Does this make any difference? " > > @Triode: > > Thanks but that makes no difference. I have done some more testing and > found this happens when playing a longer song doesn't seem to happen > when playing shorter ones. Also, when it has occured lately, it happens > just before the screensaver kicks in the screen may blink at that moment > I think is when the stuttering starts. It does not happen every time > though. > Could larger stream or output buffers help? What size are these buffers > if not specified? The output buffer is 10 seconds, the stream buffer is 2M and holds compressed audio, so its length depends on the bitrate of your audio stream. I doubt these are the problem if it happens when your screensaver starts... However is squeezelite run as root or with priority settings so that it can run the output thread as real time? Triode's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=17 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=97046 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Announce: Squeezelite - a small headless squeezeplay emulator for linux (alsa only)
@Triode: Thanks but that makes no difference. I have done some more testing and found this happens when playing a longer song doesn't seem to happen when playing shorter ones. Also, when it has occured lately, it happens just before the screensaver kicks in the screen may blink at that moment I htink is when the stuttering starts. It does not happen every time though. Could a larger stream or output buffers help? What size are these buffers if not specified? Zomby Woof's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=62369 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=97046 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Plugins will not Update on new install to Ubuntu 14.04
SlimChances wrote: > Sorry you're right I gave you the wrong user name to use. Here is a > screenshot of my /var/lib/squeezeboxserver properties Thanks, SlimChance. However, it seems that my problem is a different one. Triodes Spotify just won't install, even if permissions are set right / not even copying old Prefs but using default values. No clue what is going on. :-( Heiner Heiner My system: LMS 7.8 on modded Open Peak Joggler running Roobarbs SqueezePlay OS. 1 x Slimp3 5 x Squeezebox Classic 1 x Controller 2 x Squeeze Commander (on 2 rooted Nook Touch e-reader) X x Squeezeplay on various PC's & Laptops slimhase's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=31958 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=101492 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] piCoPlayer = Squeezelite on Microcore linux. .An embedded OS in RAM with Squeezelite
sbp wrote: > > Regarding the HDMI format, I think it would make more sense if you > studied the new version if we still have problems. Will do. Not had time to do any testing with HDMI. Applying your patch to "support" maximum sample rate 48k -> 192k, but not even done any testing with that. sbp wrote: > > I noticed that the 24 bit restriction in the kernel now seems to be > removed. So maybe that will have a positive effect on this issue as > well? > Yes, that "disable 24 bit via I2S" patch has been reverted upstream in both trees very recently. I'd been reverting it on anything I've been building for some time. (Wan't 24 bit I2S out for one of my DAC's that doesn't support 32 bit.). Don't know why it was disabled in the kernel to start with. Don't think it was ever broken in the kernel. More of a case of one specific app having an issue with 24 bit, so disable 24 bit in the kernel. There is logic there somewhere. Don't think it will have any effect on HDMI sample rate capability, anyway. JackOfAll's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=3069 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=97803 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Plugins will not Update on new install to Ubuntu 14.04
slimhase wrote: > Hi; > I did read the link, but I am still unsure as to what I should set the > username and group. > should the username be 'root' or 'squeezeboxserver'; the group 'root' or > 'nogroup' ? > > That is more specific to LMS than the general Ubuntu stuff on the link. > > Again, any help is appreciated. > Heiner Sorry you're right I gave you the wrong user name to use. Here is a screenshot of my /var/lib/squeezeboxserver properties +---+ |Filename: Screenshot from 2014-09-21 12:55:52.jpg | |Download: http://forums.slimdevices.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=16419| +---+ Logitech Media Server Version: 7.9.0 - 1410276236 @ Wed Sep 10 04:02:02 UTC 2014 Operating system: Debian - EN - utf8Platform Architecture: x86_64-linux Perl Version: 5.18.2 - x86_64-linux-gnu-thread-multi Audio::Scan: 0.95 Database Version: DBD::SQLite 1.34_01 (sqlite 3.7.7.1) One SB Touch connected by ethernet - Denon AVR -1912 Receiver, Paradigm 4.1 speakers Two SB Radio wireless SlimChances's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=165 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=101492 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] piCoPlayer = Squeezelite on Microcore linux. .An embedded OS in RAM with Squeezelite
JackOfAll wrote: > Steen, > > Just a quick heads-up before I forget.. > > You probably want to add "bcm2708.vc_i2c_override=1" to your > /boot/cmdline.txt if using latest firmware and kernels. Otherwise > IQAudio DAC won't work on the B. (One I2C channel now reserved for B+ > HAT spec. IQAudio DAC uses that I2C and without it being available won't > work. So need to add the override to the cmdline.txt to get it enabled.) > > As an aside, I have been doing a lot of testing with 3.12.28 "stable" > and 3.16.2 "dev" (on both B and B+) during the last week. IMHO, the > 3.16.2 dev tree is now of sufficient quality to be used for a "release". > That wasn't the case a couple of weeks ago. ALT0/ALT2 I2S mux mapping > now being correctly applied by both trees, depending on B/B+. And > HiFiBerry AMP support now in both trees. > > PS. I should have some time next week to have a look at HDMI audio, with > regard to sample rate support. Hi Clive thanks for the advice, I'm sure I wouldn't have figured that out anytime soon. Regarding the HDMI format, I think it would make more sense if you studied the new version if we still have problems. I noticed that the 24 bit restriction in the kernel now seems to be removed. So maybe that will have a positive effect on this issue as well? Steen piCorePlayer a small player for the Raspberry Pi in RAM. Homepage: https://sites.google.com/site/picoreplayer/home *Please 'donate' (https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=U7JHY5WYHCNRU&lc=GB¤cy_code=USD&bn=PP%2dDonationsBF%3abtn_donateCC_LG%2egif%3aNonHosted) if you like the piCorePlayer* sbp's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=37237 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=97803 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Plugins will not Update on new install to Ubuntu 14.04
SlimChances wrote: > You should refer to the link as I think it may give more explicit > direction. Basically the username is your username that you see in the > command prompt in terminal and to sign in to your computer and the group > can be the same(I sued the same name for both). Hi; I did read the link, but I am still unsure as to what I should set the username and group. should the username be 'root' or 'squeezeboxserver'; the group 'root' or 'nogroup' ? That is more specific to LMS than the general Ubuntu stuff on the link. Again, any help is appreciated. Heiner Heiner My system: LMS 7.8 on modded Open Peak Joggler running Roobarbs SqueezePlay OS. 1 x Slimp3 5 x Squeezebox Classic 1 x Controller 2 x Squeeze Commander (on 2 rooted Nook Touch e-reader) X x Squeezeplay on various PC's & Laptops slimhase's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=31958 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=101492 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Plugins will not Update on new install to Ubuntu 14.04
slimhase wrote: > Hi SlimChances; > I just stumbled into the same issue. > Could you explain in more detail what you needed to do? > i.e. not the generic > Code: > > > sudo chown -R username:group directory > > > but the exact, so a newbee like me understands what username, what > group and which dir to select? > > That would be great!! > Thanks for your help, > Heiner You should refer to the link as I think it may give more explicit direction. Basically the username is your username that you see in the command prompt in terminal and to sign in to your computer and the group can be the same(I sued the same name for both). Logitech Media Server Version: 7.9.0 - 1410276236 @ Wed Sep 10 04:02:02 UTC 2014 Operating system: Debian - EN - utf8Platform Architecture: x86_64-linux Perl Version: 5.18.2 - x86_64-linux-gnu-thread-multi Audio::Scan: 0.95 Database Version: DBD::SQLite 1.34_01 (sqlite 3.7.7.1) One SB Touch connected by ethernet - Denon AVR -1912 Receiver, Paradigm 4.1 speakers Two SB Radio wireless SlimChances's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=165 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=101492 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Announce: Squeezelite - a small headless squeezeplay emulator for linux (alsa only)
Zomby Woof wrote: > I searched and didn't trip over any other posts of a similar problem. > I use DaPhile on a network connected Atom based pc. It works perfectly > playing locally but sometimes there are problems streaming to > Squeezelite running on my desktop. I have upgraded Squeezelite to 1.6.4 > but still have the same problem. > After booting my desktop and starting Squeezelite with: > ./squeezelite-x86-64 -n Remote -z I open DaPhile page and mark a few > tunes for play. Nearly every time, after 6 to 8 minutes, The audio stops > and I get a puttering noise from my speakers. The only fix is to kill > that instance of Squeezelite and start a new one. > This problem disappeared with one of the earlier versions of DaPhile but > has been back for a while now. I am not sure though if the problem is > with Squeezelite or Daphile. > Does anyone have any troubleshooting tips to help find the cause? > > Daphile Server: Atom MoBo with 4G Ram, 1TB WD HDD, wired network. > Desktop: I7 870 on a Gigabyte MoBo with 8G Ram, multiple HDD, onboard > sound card, Linux Mint 64bit. Suggest trying different output devices on the desktop pc from the squeezelite output options. Does this make any difference? Triode's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=17 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=97046 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Plugins will not Update on new install to Ubuntu 14.04
SlimChances wrote: > I found this command > Code: > > > sudo chown -R username:group directory > > > at > http://askubuntu.com/questions/6723/change-folder-permissions-and-ownership > > which solved my dilemma Hi SlimChances; I just stumbled into the same issue. Could you explain in more detail what you needed to do? i.e. not the generic Code: sudo chown -R username:group directory but the exact, so a newbee like me understands what username, what group and which dir to select? That would be great!! Thanks for your help, Heiner Heiner My system: LMS 7.8 on modded Open Peak Joggler running Roobarbs SqueezePlay OS. 1 x Slimp3 5 x Squeezebox Classic 1 x Controller 2 x Squeeze Commander (on 2 rooted Nook Touch e-reader) X x Squeezeplay on various PC's & Laptops slimhase's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=31958 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=101492 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Announce: Squeezelite - a small headless squeezeplay emulator for linux (alsa only)
I searched and didn't trip over any other posts of a similar problem. I use DaPhile on a network connected Atom based pc. It works perfectly playing locally but sometimes there are problems streaming to Squeezelite running on my desktop. I have upgraded Squeezelite to 1.6.4 but still have the same problem. After booting my desktop and starting Squeezelite with: ./squeezelite-x86-64 -n Remote -z I open DaPhile page and mark a few tunes for play. Nearly every time, after 6 to 8 minutes, The audio stops and I get a puttering noise from my speakers. The only fix is to kill that instance of Squeezelite and start a new one. This problem disappeared with one of the earlier versions of DaPhile but has been back for a while now. I am not sure though if the problem is with Squeezelite or Daphile. Does anyone have any troubleshooting tips to help find the cause? Daphile Server: Atom MoBo with 4G Ram, 1TB WD HDD, wired network. Desktop: I7 870 on a Gigabyte MoBo with 8G Ram, multiple HDD, onboard sound card, Linux Mint 64bit. Zomby Woof's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=62369 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=97046 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] piCoPlayer = Squeezelite on Microcore linux. .An embedded OS in RAM with Squeezelite
JackOfAll wrote: > Steen, > > PS. I should have some time next week to have a look at HDMI audio, with > regard to sample rate support. I think the issue is not a sample rate limit but a format limit. I could only get S16_LE no matter what I did. Also, even when listening via HDMI, hw0,0 was active instead of hw0,1. The formats used to be defined by hard coded struct definitions. Now they are calculated. Not sure when that changed or what the effect is. I hope you have better luck as it's gone beyond my abilities. Rensie's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=62647 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=97803 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Need Help With Permissions - LMS Can't Access Media Files
This thread has helped me every time I had to set permissions in a new Ubuntu install http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?92526-Setting-file-permissions-correctly Logitech Media Server Version: 7.9.0 - 1410276236 @ Wed Sep 10 04:02:02 UTC 2014 Operating system: Debian - EN - utf8Platform Architecture: x86_64-linux Perl Version: 5.18.2 - x86_64-linux-gnu-thread-multi Audio::Scan: 0.95 Database Version: DBD::SQLite 1.34_01 (sqlite 3.7.7.1) One SB Touch connected by ethernet - Denon AVR -1912 Receiver, Paradigm 4.1 speakers Two SB Radio wireless SlimChances's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=165 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=102165 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Fedora LMS RPM packages, call for testers...
Broadwing wrote: > > The required modules appear to have been installed properly as part of > the Fedora install. Anything else to do there? I need to get documentation up on the website. The issue I am aware of, relates to dependencies, not having the rpomfusion repo config installed. Do you have the rpmfusion repos installed? Code: sudo yum install http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-20.noarch.rpm http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-20.noarch.rpm JackOfAll's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=3069 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=101931 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Fedora LMS RPM packages, call for testers...
mkt wrote: > > Using logitechmediaserver-7.9.0-0.30.20140913git1410526996.fc20.noarch > from the testing repo seems to make New Music work again. 7.9.0-0.30.20140913git1410526996 was moved into "stable" this morning. Testing repo is now version 7.9.0-0.31.20140921git141485. JackOfAll's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=3069 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=101931 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] piCoPlayer = Squeezelite on Microcore linux. .An embedded OS in RAM with Squeezelite
Steen, Just a quick heads-up before I forget.. You probably want to add "bcm2708.vc_i2c_override=1" to your /boot/cmdline.txt if using latest firmware and kernels. Otherwise IQAudio DAC won't work on the B. (One I2C channel now reserved for B+ HAT spec. IQAudio DAC uses that I2C and without it being available won't work. So need to add the override to the cmdline.txt to get it enabled.) As an aside, I have been doing a lot of testing with 3.12.28 "stable" and 3.16.2 "dev" during the last week. IMHO, the 3.16.2 dev tree is now of sufficient quality to be used for a "release". That wasn't the case a couple of weeks ago. ALT0/ALT2 I2S mux mapping now being correctly applied by both trees, depending on B/B+. And HiFiBerry AMP support now in both trees. JackOfAll's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=3069 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=97803 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] piCoPlayer = Squeezelite on Microcore linux. .An embedded OS in RAM with Squeezelite
mudlark wrote: > If problems occur due to issues with how-tos/FAQs, i would suggest a > gentle request for an update. > > Trying to get going with some of these devices is often a bit of a > minefield, but remember many of the developers work on their projects > part time and often have several bugs to sort out all at the same time. > > The 80 port change has been there for a short while. This is a > relatively new change and there are working earlier versions of > picoreplayer that will run very well. If using the latest edition then > some problems will occur. > > I find it great when you can actually get round any issues and things > work well. Thanks mudlark, A very accurate description of the situation. regards Greg Erskine's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=7403 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=97803 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] piCoPlayer = Squeezelite on Microcore linux. .An embedded OS in RAM with Squeezelite
jimzak wrote: > Thank you. > > I guess the website needs an update :) > https://sites.google.com/site/picoreplayer/home/how-to-1 > > J Oooops. Sorry for the inconvenience. Hi jimzak, Steen did put a notice in the News section https://sites.google.com/site/picoreplayer/home/news and it has been stated in this forum a few times. Unfortunately, documentation seems to be always at the end of the queue. piCorePlayer1.17 was a bit of a rush release because of the sudden release of the Raspberry Pi model B+ and it was the first time I "helped" Steen and I probably broke more than I fixed. :mad: regards Greg Erskine's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=7403 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=97803 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] piCoPlayer = Squeezelite on Microcore linux. .An embedded OS in RAM with Squeezelite
If problems occur due to issues with how-tos/FAQs, i would suggest a gentle request for an update. Trying to get going with some of these devices is often a bit of a minefield, but remember many of the developers work on their projects part time and often have several bugs to sort out all at the same time. The 80 port change has been there for a short while. This is a relatively new change and there are working earlier versions of picoreplayer that will run very well. If using the latest edition then some problems will occur. I find it great when you can actually get round any issues and things work well. Transporter or Cyrus streamX>CyrusDACX>PreXvs>ESPAudio P09B Active filter>Cyrus X x 2>Rhapsody, Avondale and Naim cable, Kubuntu 12.04 server, various boxes for storage. SB3 Flycatcher 3A linear power supply. Touch also. Using SqueezeBoxServer (LMS) 7.8 Also piCorePlayer>Rega DAC>B4>Avondale 260>KEF iQ7 Kubuntu 14.04 mudlark's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=7151 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=97803 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
Re: [SlimDevices: Unix] Need Help With Permissions - LMS Can't Access Media Files
You need to explain where your media files are located. Transporter or Cyrus streamX>CyrusDACX>PreXvs>ESPAudio P09B Active filter>Cyrus X x 2>Rhapsody, Avondale and Naim cable, Kubuntu 12.04 server, various boxes for storage. SB3 Flycatcher 3A linear power supply. Touch also. Using SqueezeBoxServer (LMS) 7.8 Also piCorePlayer>Rega DAC>B4>Avondale 260>KEF iQ7 Kubuntu 14.04 mudlark's Profile: http://forums.slimdevices.com/member.php?userid=7151 View this thread: http://forums.slimdevices.com/showthread.php?t=102165 ___ unix mailing list unix@lists.slimdevices.com http://lists.slimdevices.com/mailman/listinfo/unix
