Re: MySQL crashes

2010-06-21 Thread Ann W. Harrison
Charlene wrote: Anybody have any idea why MySQL would start to have this error message every 4 or so days at midnight: Do look at the logs, but if the error always occurs at midnight, you might look for a disk backup or compression program that's scheduled to run than and accesses the

Re: High-level transaction isolation architecture of InnoDB

2010-03-26 Thread Harrison Fisk
during the transaction. Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Senior Principal Technical Support Engineer MySQL @ Oracle, Inc., http://www.mysql.com/ -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/mysql?unsub=arch

Re: how things get messed up

2010-02-15 Thread Ann W. Harrison
Martijn Tonies wrote: For example, the Firebird DBMS stores (longer) Blob data not right there in the record, so whenever you don't request the blob (that is, not selecting it), it ignores it completely and it can go through the file quickly. As do most of the MySQL storage engines.

Re: how things get messed up

2010-02-12 Thread Ann W. Harrison
Martijn Tonies wrote: For example, the Firebird DBMS stores (longer) Blob data not right there in the record, so whenever you don't request the blob (that is, not selecting it), it ignores it completely and it can go through the file quickly. As do most of the MySQL storage engines. Cheers,

Re: Select from remote server from stored procedure

2009-12-09 Thread Harrison Fisk
Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, MySQL Staff Support Engineer MySQL @ Sun Microsystems, Inc., http://www.sun.com/mysql/ -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/mysql?unsub=arch...@jab.org

Upgrading from 5.0.32 via a replication chain and bug 24432

2009-09-09 Thread David Harrison
Hi all, I've got a quite large database (23G) that is running on a 5.0.32 version of MySQL. I really want to upgrade out of 5.0.32 to the latest version of 5.1 (or even 5.4) but a straight mysql_upgrade of the database takes long enough that I'd have serious down-time issues (last time I

Downloading old version of MySQL ?

2009-08-30 Thread David Harrison
Hi all, I'm trying to drag a database through the upgrade process from 5.0.32 but I keep running into small cross-version compatibility issues. At present my live database is running 5.0.32 and is large enough that it would take too long (read days) to perform an upgrade on, and drives an

Re: Replication and AUTO_INCREMENT; is it safe?

2007-10-24 Thread Harrison Fisk
)/*!*/; The SET INSERT_ID functionality will cause the next INSERT to use that value for the auto_increment regardless of what it would have generated. Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Principal Support Engineer MySQL AB, www.mysql.com -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http

Re: MySQL 6.0.2-alpha and Falcon and possible bug/problem

2007-09-09 Thread Ann W. Harrison
Mathieu Bruneau wrote: I never tried the falcon engine, but could it be that mysql is running out of file descriptor ? That's less likely with Falcon than with engines that put each table and index in its own file. By default, Falcon tables share a single tablespace. Regards, Ann --

Re: MySQL 6.0.2-alpha and Falcon and possible bug/problem

2007-09-09 Thread Ann W. Harrison
Mariella Petrini wrote: ...MySQL 6.0.2 with Falcon on Linux with Debian 4. I have compiled the source code for 64 bit executable. The system is an Intel 2 cpus 4 cores each, with 8 GB of RAM. After having created approximately 8,500 empty tables mysqld server was still alive, you could

Re: Blob data

2007-07-03 Thread Ann W. Harrison
Rick James wrote: Instead I broke blobs into pieces, inserting them with a sequence number. Understanding the underlying problem, that still seems like an unnatural way to store pictures and documents. Added benefit: Does not clog up replication while huge single-insert is being copied

Re: Insane execution time for JOIN query

2006-08-31 Thread Harrison Fisk
| Extra | +--+--+--+-+- ++ | item_id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | | auto_increment | | product_id | varchar(45) | NO | MUL | 0 || Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C

Re: Disaster with dash on mysql cli interface

2006-06-21 Thread Harrison Fisk
using it. It used to be called --i- am-a-dummy mode (that option works too), so you might see it referred to as that in some places. http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/safe-updates.html Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Get a jumpstart

Re: re[2]: MySQL (GPL License)

2006-06-08 Thread Harrison Fisk
_ _ -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/mysql? [EMAIL PROTECTED] Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Get a jumpstart

Re: is there any BEEP command ?

2005-12-16 Thread Harrison Fisk
client uses internally) Try out: SELECT char(7); And see if it makes a beep for you. It should if the mysql client can make the beep on a syntax error. Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Get a jumpstart on MySQL Cluster -- http

Re: log-warnings

2005-11-11 Thread Harrison Fisk
it to a file or similar if you want. Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Get a jumpstart on MySQL Cluster -- http://www.mysql.com/consulting/ packaged/cluster.html -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql

Re: Result row count *without* buffering all results?

2005-09-19 Thread Harrison Fisk
wouldn't be very useful) . Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Get a jumpstart on MySQL Cluster -- http://www.mysql.com/consulting/packaged/cluster.html Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com

Re: MySQL Migration Tool - who wrote it?

2005-05-27 Thread Harrison Fisk
the web forum at http://forums.mysql.com/list.php?104 which is very active). Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Get a jumpstart on MySQL Cluster -- http://www.mysql.com/consulting/packaged/cluster.html -- MySQL General Mailing List For list

Re: LOAD DATA and skip columns in text file...

2005-05-25 Thread Harrison Fisk
solutions. Maybe they didn't implement it yet because there's an easy workaround: create a temporary table including the columns to be skipped, LOAD it, and then use INSERT..SELECT to copy over only the columns you're interested in. Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant

Re: LOAD DATA and skip columns in text file...

2005-05-25 Thread Harrison Fisk
field before it is loaded into the table directly. will be quite hard to figure out on my own i guess? Thanks again! From: Harrison Fisk [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Jessica Svensson [EMAIL PROTECTED] CC: mysql@lists.mysql.com Subject: Re: LOAD DATA and skip columns in text file... Date: Wed, 25 May

Re: Will myisam lock if the query can be resolved from disk cache/query cache?

2005-05-08 Thread Harrison Fisk
it would work well with your above mythical application (since you didn't mention any DELETEs). The only locking conflict you might have would be that your INSERT's would lock other INSERT's while it is occuring. Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com

Re: Will myisam lock if the query can be resolved from disk cache/query cache?

2005-05-08 Thread Harrison Fisk
Hi, On May 8, 2005, at 1:47 PM, Kevin Burton wrote: Harrison Fisk wrote: aren't loaded into the query cache, they are loaded into the key cache (key_buffer_size). Yes... you busted me ! :). I meant to say key cache though. Alright, I assumed a typo or such. Not only THAT but it doesn't need

Re: Heap table says its Fuul?

2005-03-25 Thread Harrison Fisk
) NOT NULL default '',   KEY `searchAffid` (`searchAffid`),   KEY `searchKeyword` (`searchKeyword`) ) ENGINE=MEMORY DEFAULT Select * from fsearch_search;     Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Get a jumpstart on MySQL Cluster -- http://www.mysql.com

Re: Load Data Infile ... Repair with KeyCache --WAY SLOW!

2005-03-06 Thread Harrison Fisk
, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Get a jumpstart on MySQL Cluster -- http://www.mysql.com/consulting/packaged/cluster.html -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/[EMAIL

Re: Load Data Infile ... Repair with KeyCache --WAY SLOW!

2005-03-03 Thread Harrison Fisk
by sort doesn't work for UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEYs. Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Get a jumpstart on MySQL Cluster -- http://www.mysql.com/consulting/packaged/cluster.html -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com

Re: Load Data Infile ... Repair with KeyCache --WAY SLOW!

2005-03-03 Thread Harrison Fisk
Hi, On Mar 3, 2005, at 3:13 PM, mos wrote: At 12:39 PM 3/3/2005, Harrison Fisk wrote: Hi, On Mar 3, 2005, at 11:32 AM, mos wrote: At 10:07 PM 3/2/2005, you wrote: Hello. You may use ALTER TABLE .. DISABLE KEYS to speed up the loading process on the MyISAM table. That may work provided I can get

Re: Any means to get the optimizer out of the way?

2005-02-10 Thread Harrison Fisk
increase your index size by about a third, so it would take more diskspace and you would fit less into cache, so it would decrease response times slightly for the count(*) query. Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Get a jumpstart on MySQL

Re: Federated Engine

2004-12-21 Thread Harrison Fisk
: 265.6.2 - Release Date: 20/12/2004 -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe: http://lists.mysql.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED] Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Are you MySQL certified? www.mysql.com

Re: Relative efficiency (in terms of disk io) between REPLACE and UPDATE w/InnoDB

2004-12-15 Thread Harrison Fisk
effectively does the same thing as the REPLACE that hits a problem. I would most likely stick with REPLACE since it is a bit easier to understand how it is working and has less client code. Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Mobile: +1 315 380-6048

Re: Clustering and a large database

2004-12-07 Thread Harrison Fisk
Hi, On Tuesday, December 7, 2004, at 03:07 PM, Klaus Berkling wrote: On Dec 6, 2004, at 3:51 PM, Harrison Fisk wrote: Hi, On Monday, December 6, 2004, at 04:15 PM, Klaus Berkling wrote: I beginning to use MySQL clustering abilities for a large records keeping solution. I have installed 4.1.7

Re: Clustering and a large database

2004-12-06 Thread Harrison Fisk
of the machines in the cluster so even if you need 15 gigs of ram, you could do it with 4 * 4GB machines. Regards, Harrison -- Harrison C. Fisk, Trainer and Consultant MySQL AB, www.mysql.com Are you MySQL certified? www.mysql.com/certification -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http

Re: Partial Row Reads?

2004-10-21 Thread Harrison
the entire row (10k in this case, with 2500 float fields) than doing 2 disk seeks and reading 8 bytes (2 columns). Moving data thru CPU and memory is trivial in cost compared to doing an extra disk seek. Regards, Harrison -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql

Re: Is there any performance reason to use unique index

2004-09-09 Thread Harrison
. Even if you aren't use these access methods, it will never be any slower to access than a regular index. Keep in mind that it will take longer to build the index in the first place, and make your decision appropriately. Regards, Harrison On Thursday, September 9, 2004, at 05:01 PM, [EMAIL

Re: very large HEAP-tables in 4.1.3

2004-08-06 Thread Harrison
threads. In that case you could still possibly run into locking issues with the inserts locking each other. Regards, Harrison -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]

Re: Insert problems with InnoDB (big table)

2004-08-05 Thread Harrison
for InnoDB is a clustered index. If you are inserting randomly ordered data it will take a bit more effort to maintain than normal. 5. Make your innodb log files as large as the innodb_buffer_pool_size that you set above. Hope that helps some, good luck. Regards, Harrison On Tuesday, August 3

Large 30 GB Database

2004-07-28 Thread Robert Harrison
, Manchester. Should I even attempt this using mysql? Has anyone played with this much data in mysql? Thanks Robert -- Robert Harrison Bsc MBSC CITP IT Manager Harrison Goddard Foote +44 113 2330110 -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http

Re: Fw: Tuning MySQL for Large Database

2004-07-22 Thread Harrison
, Harrison -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]

Re: Again: Is possible set variable 'read_only' within my.ini?

2004-06-14 Thread Harrison
be able to do it. You can see the release dates at: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/News.html Regards, Harrison -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]

Re: Blocking INSERT/UPDATE on SLAVE (replication)

2004-03-16 Thread Harrison Fisk
. You can even set it on the fly with something like: SET GLOBAL read_only = 1; Regards, Harrison On Tue, 16 Mar 2004, cvarda wrote: I'm currently replicating all databases, so this would happen. This means that I should change my setup to do not replicate the 'mysql' database

Re: Logon bad handshake

2004-02-06 Thread Harrison Fisk
to 4.1.1 (which is available for download? where didn't you see it?) then you will no longer get that error message. Regards, Harrison -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]

Re: Questions about MySQL implementation

2003-12-13 Thread Harrison Fisk
it is tempting to move the InnoDB logs or spread the tables across both drives. For performance the InnoDB logs ideally will be on a different harddrive especially if innodb_flush_logs_at_tx_commit is set to 1. Hope that helps some! Regards, Harrison -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives

tailoring result display from multitable select

2002-12-27 Thread Andy Harrison
I'm trying to get results back from an sql query in the easiest way to handle in my script. table 'categories' and table 'restcat' (restaurant categories). I'd like to construct a query where I can look up a specific restaurant id, yet somehow related it to the categories table so that

Re: Problem with corrupt binary data being returned from MySQL

2002-06-13 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
and then do whatever needs to be done in the language you are writing your application in. It would be like a 5 line script in either perl or php. Hope this helps you out some. Harrison Miles Martin wrote: Hello there, I have a problem that I need some help with. I am trying to insert binary

Re: Problem with corrupt binary data being returned from MySQL

2002-06-13 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
Err, I don't know what I was thinking. You can simply do a select into dumpfile like: select data from test where id=1 into dumpfile /tmp/test2.gif; That is designed for writing blobs to a file. Harrison Harrison C. Fisk wrote: The data isn't actually being corrupted. The problem here

Re: Need Help with JOIN

2002-06-13 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
: SELECT * FROM outings as o INNER JOIN pics AS p1 ON o.pic1_id=p1.pic_id INNER JOIN pics AS p2 ON o.pic2_id=p2.pic_id INNER JOIN pics AS p3 ON o.pic3_id=p3.pic_id INNER JOIN pics AS p4 ON o.pic4_id=p4.pic_id; Either of those should work fairly well. Hope that helps some. Harrison Mike wrote: Hello

Re: Subselect translation?

2002-06-11 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
. Hope that helps some. Harrison Jesper Öman wrote: Hi, I have a little problem making a query with only one SELECT phrase; I wan't to solve this with a JOIN since sub-selects are not supported in MySQL: select table1.id from table1 where table1.id not in(select table2.t1id from table2 where table2

Re: 45 seconds

2002-06-10 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
MySQL will then be able to use indexes to join on. Harrison Elsad YUSIFLI wrote: i have a table and 51000 records in it. it has got an index on HOST_NAME field. next query lasts 45 seconds to execute... is it normal ? server is PIII 500 double cpu SELECT b.ip as ip, b.country , b.hostname

Re: Batching sql statements

2002-05-28 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
you specify. Shouldn't be too hard at all. Good luck. Harrison - Original Message - From: Tab Alleman [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, May 28, 2002 12:21 PM Subject: Batching sql statements I want to write a batch file of sql statements so that I can schedule

Re: What files are these?

2002-05-27 Thread Harrison C Fisk
leave the log that is currently in use. You can check out for more information: http://www.mysql.com/doc/L/o/Log_file_maintenance.html Harrison On Sun, 26 May 2002, Batara Kesuma wrote: I have some very big files in my /var/lib/mysql. [root@nias mysql]# ls -l nias-bin* -rw-rw1 mysql

Re: Inserting images and other blobs

2002-05-21 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
and the database to store data. The preferred way to do this with images is to just keep track of the name and location of the file in the database. Good luck with your application. Harrison - Original Message - From: Info_Best-IT [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, May 21

Re: my.cnf

2002-05-21 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
the option files using your preferred text editor and next time you restart mysqld it will use those new values you specified. Harrison - Original Message - From: Amy Zediak [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, May 21, 2002 1:12 PM Subject: my.cnf According

Re: Query help

2002-05-21 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
or goalopp for the game, in which case we still want the number (which would be 0). Hope that helps you understand some of the logic behind why the query has to be this way. Harrison - Original Message - From: Adriano Manocchia [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, May 21

Re: SQL query

2002-05-21 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
processor works I could see the second one being faster. If anyone knows for sure, feel free to help me out, Thanks. Harrison - Original Message - From: Patelli Paolo [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, May 21, 2002 9:49 PM Subject: SQL query -BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE

Re: Resorting entire Database

2002-05-19 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
is in SQL statement format, like mysqldump gives, and not in a tab-delimited file or anything similar to that. Hope that helps you out. Harrison - Original Message - From: Bensin Joseph [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Sunday, May 19, 2002 6:04 PM Subject: FW: Resorting entire

Re: ALTER TABLE $table ADD $value2 TEXT NUT NULL

2002-05-17 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
Hello, Try using NOT NULL. As weird as MySQL can be, don't think it is that NUTty. =) Harrison - Original Message - From: Jule [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Friday, May 17, 2002 7:00 PM Subject: ALTER TABLE $table ADD $value2 TEXT NUT NULL Hey i'm getting this error

Re: ALTER TABLE $table ADD $value2 TEXT NUT NULL

2002-05-17 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
Hello, Try using NOT NULL. As weird as MySQL can be, don't think it is that NUTty. =) Harrison - Original Message - From: Jule [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Friday, May 17, 2002 7:00 PM Subject: ALTER TABLE $table ADD $value2 TEXT NUT NULL Hey i'm getting this error

Re: Most efficient query

2002-05-09 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
if those NULLS are there and if they are, then we know there isn't a corresponding entry in MapTable. Thus it will give us the results we want. Hope that helps. Harrison - Original Message - From: Augey Mikus [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Thursday, May 09, 2002 5:10 PM

Re: SQL-query

2002-05-05 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
or table locking to accomplish this in MySQL. This is detailed at: www.mysql.com/doc/e/x/example-Maximum-column-group-row.html Hope that helps some. Harrison - Original Message - From: support [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Monday, May 06, 2002 12:25 AM Subject: SQL-query

Re: Get the next AUTO INCREMENT value for a column

2002-05-04 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
Actually I think the SHOW TABLE STATUS like 'TABLENAME' command can show you the next auto_increment value. Although I can say I wouldn't really ever use it except for personal use, not in an actual application. Harrison - Original Message - From: Paul DuBois [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Son

Re: Newbee: importing data from .MYD .MYI .frm

2002-05-04 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
by whomever the mysqld is running as. Harrison - Original Message - From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Saturday, May 04, 2002 1:41 PM Subject: Newbee: importing data from .MYD .MYI .frm Hi all, A colleague has created a database with MySQL. She has provided me three

Re: error during sql-bench: create-mysql-SunOS_5.8_i86pc

2002-05-04 Thread Harrison C. Fisk
you have specified has enough space in order to run the tests. I'm not sure how much exactly is needed, but more than you currently have it seems. Hope that helps. Harrison - Original Message - From: Minas [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Saturday, May 04, 2002 7:19 PM

Re: Enum

2001-09-17 Thread Charlie Harrison
Ann Myhre wrote: Hi group Access has a datatype (I don't remember the name) which is a kind of boleaen; it represents Yes/No, true or false. When I try to translate that creating a table in MySQL I try ENUM(N,Y) but I do not get the expected result when using If Y then...(ASP). Do I use ENUM

Re: Fulltext search

2001-09-10 Thread Charlie Harrison
Lorang Jacques wrote: Hello, This is the last time I will post this thread. Apparently nobody knows any solution to this : The Fulltext search only matches those rows who match teh exact word, so if I search for bank, the query wont find banking. (this would work with like '%bank%', but that is

myisamchk reports tables not closed properly

2001-08-09 Thread harrison
$ safe_mysqld All of these are only temporary. After inserting/updating to the table, the warning from myisamchk reappears. Submitter-Id: submitter ID Huh? Originator: David Harrison Organization: Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Toronto. MySQL support: [none

RE: confirm subscribe to mysql@lists.mysql.com

2001-06-20 Thread *DOA CPP Harrison, Randy
Service (5.5.2653.19) id K09RL7AL; Wed, 20 Jun 2001 11:18:35 -0500 Message-ID: [EMAIL PROTECTED] From: *DOA CPP Harrison, Randy [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: '[EMAIL PROTECTED]' [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: subscribe Date: Wed, 20 Jun 2001 11:18:37 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail

(fwd) Order by clause for datetime stamp format

2001-04-03 Thread Verle Harrison
scribe.php -- Regards, Verle Harrison Battery Wholesale Distributors 40120 Industrial Park Circle Georgetown, TX 78626 512.869.6280 ph 512.863.0620 fax Batteries for your UPS http://batterywholesale.com/ [EMAIL PROTECTED] - Before posti