Hello, Here is an interesting page on the development of the lunar and later jovian moons method for determining longitude by the ubiquitous Flamsteed (17th century). I believe Lewis and Clark used the moons of Jupiter to determine their longitude throughout their "survey".
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sts/kollrstm/flammdl.htm -Luke Arthur Carlson wrote: > > could take years. The alternative of using the position of the moon relative > to the stars would have been just too complicated for the knowledge of the > time. Of course, chronometers and telescopes (to observe Jovian eclipses) > did not exist.