On Jun 4, 2013, at 11:11 PM, Harry Veeder wrote:
Ed,
On Sun, Jun 2, 2013 at 10:45 AM, Edmund Storms
<stor...@ix.netcom.com> wrote:
On Jun 2, 2013, at 12:15 AM, Harry Veeder wrote:
On Fri, May 31, 2013 at 9:11 AM, Edmund Storms
<stor...@ix.netcom.com> wrote:
On May 30, 2013, at 11:39 PM, Harry Veeder wrote:
On Thu, May 30, 2013 at 11:00 AM, Edmund Storms <stor...@ix.netcom.com
> wrote:
Harry, imagine balls held in line by springs. If the end ball is
pull away with a force and let go, a resonance wave will pass down
the line. Each ball will alternately move away and then toward its
neighbor. If outside energy is supplied, this resonance will
continue. If not, it will damp out. At this stage, this is a
purely mechanical action that is well understood.
In the case of the Hydroton, the outside energy is temperature.
The temperature creates random vibration of atoms, which is
focused along the length of the molecule. Again, this is normal
and well understood behavior.
The strange behavior starts once the nuclei can get within a
critical distance of each other as a result of the resonance. This
distance is less than is possible in any other material because of
the high concentration of negative charge that can exist in this
structure and environment. The barrier is not eliminated. It is
only reduced enough to allow the distance to become small enough
so that the two nuclei can "see" and respond. The response is to
emit a photon from each nuclei because this process lowers the
energy of the system.
Ed,
With each cycle energy of the system is only lowered if the energy
of the emitted photon is greater than the work done by the "random
vibration of atoms" on the system.
NO Harry!
Ed, I am trying to help you understand your model. I am not trying
to tear it down.
I know and I appreciate the effort. However, I want you to
accurately understand what I'm proposing. Only then can you add a
new insight. You are not accurately describing what I proposing.
There is no work done by the random vibrations. These are the
result of normal temperature. The photon is emitted from the
nucleus and carries with it the excess mass-energy of the nucleus.
Let us return to your ball and spring model of the hydroton and
assume an ideal spring which doesn't dissipate energy by getting
warm during compressions. If heat energy is the vibration of atoms
in the lattice, then the spring is compressed by atoms from the
lattice pushing on the spring. As the spring is compressed work is
done on the spring, however, the spring will eventually bounce back
to its original length so no net work is done on the spring in the
course of one oscillation. The oscillations will repeat
indefinitely with the same amplitude as long as the temperature
remains constant. However, in your model the spring does not return
to its original length. Now for sake argument assume no photon is
emitted. This means some work has been performed on the spring,
which means the spring has effectively turned a little thermal
energy into potential energy and thereby slightly cooled the
lattice. Now assume a photon is emitted. The subsequent temperature
of the lattice will depend on the energy of this emitted photon. If
the energy of the photon is less than the work done (W) then the
temperature of the lattice will not return to the initial the
temperature. The cycle can repeat until the protons fuse but the
temperature will gradually decline and the end result can aptly be
described as cold fusion! On the other hand if the energy of the
photon is greater than W then the temperature of the lattice will
be greater after fusion.
No analogy is perfect and you are extending my effort to get one
idea understood and applying it to a different idea, which is not
correct. The vibration is like a periodic switch acting on the
nucleus. The vibration itself does not release energy. It has no
friction. Energy is totally conserved during the vibration. However,
the vibration causes the nuclei to emit a proton because the
vibration periodically causes them to get within a critical distance
of each other.
Getting closer _and_ staying closer means work has been done on the
system since there is a mutual force of repulsion keeping them
apart. The kinetic energy of the lattice is transformed into
potential energy of repulsion according to the principle of CoE.
Whether the temperature of the environment cools, stays constant or
warms depends on whether the energy of the emitted photon is less
than / equal to / greater than the work done. Your model at the
present time is silent on these possibilities.
Harry, you don't seem to understand the concept of work. Consider that
atoms in a lattice are held together by a force. They vibrate and this
vibration contains energy as the heat capacity. Is a piece of salt
doing work as it sits in the salt shaker? No, the material is doing no
work even though a force is present and atoms are vibrating. Steady-
state conditions, of which this is an example, do not involve work.
Work is based on a net change in position as result of applied force.
The salt sits still. It does not move. There is no net change in
position of the atoms. If they move in one direction, they immediately
move just as much in the opposite direction. If you want to imagine
work being done during the first motion, it is immediately undone by
the second motion. No net change has resulted. The system is fixed in
space and it is not doing work.
Consequently, the NiH or PdD are doing no work by simply existing. On
the other hand, if the NAE forms, then energy can be released from the
nucleus as an emitted photon. This energy was trapped before the
photon was released. Once photons are released, they are gradually
absorbed by the surrounding material as they pass through, thereby
causing local heating. This heating can be made to do work. No work
was done before this heating occurred.
All atoms vibrate, but normally in random ways. The Hydroton forces
this vibration into a particular direction. In fact all chemical
bonds do this. For example, in the water molecule, the H-O-H bond
vibrates and causes the molecule to periodically gets slightly
longer and shorter, and cause the angle to change. This process does
not cause a nuclear reaction because the H and O are too far apart.
In contrast, the H in the hydroton are close enough that this
vibration periodically causes the nuclei to release mass-energy.
This ability of a bond to do this is very rare. Nevertheless, I
suspect it can happen when the bond with or between H or D is
especially strong. The conditions producing the Hydroton just
happen to be so efficient at producing the rare condition that the
effect is easily detectable, and now has enough attention to be
acknowledged when it is detected.
Yes, but work is done in the process.
No work is done as a material sits still at constant temperature. Work
is only possible if energy can be added to the material. Energy can be
added when a photon is released from a nucleus, thereby converting
mass into energy. Before this happens, no work is done. This is a
very simply concept that you need to understand, Harry.
Ed Storms
