Like Ive been saying for years, coherent, dipole-like oscillations of an isolated volume of the vacuum
"If you take a snapshot of the position of electrons in a FQH state they appear random and you think you have a liquid," says Wen. Makes perfect sense if the snapshot (by a really, really fast strobe-light) is not occurring at the same frequency as the oscillation youre trying to observe; which is most assuredly the case here. It could also be strobing at a multiple, or sub-harmonic of that frequency. Sub, is what will happen first since we are getting close with attosecond physics. "But if you follow the motion of the electrons, you see that, unlike in a liquid, the electrons dance around each other in a well organized manner and form a global dancing pattern." If you are able to adjust the frequency AND phase of the strobe-light, then you could easily follow the motion, and youd see that its motion was not random at all Electric and/or magnetic fields oriented properly would also restrict that oscillation to a limited area. "What if electrons were not elementary, but were the ends of long strings in a string-net liquid which becomes our space?" The electron and the electron-hole are opposite ends of a dipole-like oscillation!!! If you take a dipole, and pivot it at its center, free to rotate on all three axes, it will APPEAR to be an orbital (at least the innermost one). When you add additional dipole-oscillations (aka, electrons) to an atom, they restrict each others motion and we get the familiar orbital shapes. These guys just have to explain it using a framework that they know best, which is string theory Normally, electrons prefer to have their spins to be in the opposite direction to that of their immediate neighbors, Like, DUH!!!! Because the like-ends of the dipole will repel each other, so only complementary (180degs out of phase) oscillations will pair up. So they prefer this state, but in a solid its not the norm; however, in a gas, they are pretty much free from neighbor interactions. This is also a simple *realistic* explanation for how two valence alectrons pair-up to form Cooper Pairs ya know, VIOLATING one of the tenets of physics which is like charges repel. Oh, but well make an exception and just give it a new name... So in their theory elementary particles are not the fundamental building blocks of matter. Instead, they emerge as defects or whirlpools in the deeper organized structure of space-time. Like Ive been saying for years, coherent, dipole-like oscillations of an isolated volume of the vacuum Ok, not exactly the same wording as mine, but theyll come around ;-) Wen and Levin found that, in a state of string-net liquid, the motion of string-nets correspond to a wave that behaved according to a very famous set of equations -- Maxwell's equations! A hundred and fifty years after Maxwell wrote them down, ether -- a medium that produces those equations -- was finally found." says Wen. Behold the rebirth of aether physics -Mark Iverson From: Rich Murray [mailto:rmfor...@gmail.com] Sent: Tuesday, October 22, 2013 7:08 PM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com; Rich Murray; Joshua Cude Subject: Re: [Vo]:A new theory of electromagnetism is in the works. http://dao.mit.edu/~wen/NSart-wen.html New Scientist published an article about string-net theory and unification of light and electrons. The following is my modification of the article trying to make it more accurate. -- Xiao-Gang Wen The universe is a string-net liquid A mysterious green crystal may be challenging our most basic ideas about matter and even space-time itself Zeeya Merali (March 15, 2007) In 1998, just after he won a share of the Nobel prize for physics, Robert Laughlin of Stanford University in California was asked how his discovery of "particles" with fractional charge would affect the lives of ordinary people. "It probably won't," he said, "unless people are concerned about how the universe works." Well, people were. Xiao-Gang Wen at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Michael Levin at Harvard University ran with Laughlin's ideas and have come up with a theory for a new state of matter, and even a tantalizing picture of the nature of spacetime itself. Levin presented their work at the Topological Quantum Computing conference at the University of California, Los Angeles, early this month. The first hint that a new type of matter may exist came in 1982. "Twenty five years ago we thought we understood everything about phases and phase transitions of matter," says Wen. "Then along came an experiment that opened up a whole new world." "The positions of electrons in a FQH state appear random like in a liquid, but they dance around each other in a well organized manner and form a global dancing pattern." In the experiment, electrons moving in the interface between two semiconductors form a strange state, which allows a particle-like excitation (called a quasiparticle) that carries only 1/3 of electron charge. Such an excitation cannot be view as a motion of a single electron or any cluster with finite electrons. Thus this so-called fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state suggested that the quasiparticle excitation in a state can be very different from the underlying particle that form the state. The quasiparticle may even behave like a fraction of the underlying particle, even though the underlying particle can never break apart. It soon became clear that electrons under certain conditions can organize in a way such that a defect or a twist in the organization gives rise to a quasiparticle with fractional charge -- an explanation that earned Laughlin, Horst Störmer and Daniel Tsui the Nobel prize (New Scientist, 31 January 1998, p 36). Wen suspected that the effect could be an example of a new type of matter. Different phases of matter are characterized by the way their atoms are organized. In a liquid, for instance, atoms are randomly distributed, whereas atoms in a solid are rigidly positioned in a lattice. FQH systems are different. "If you take a snapshot of the position of electrons in a FQH state they appear random and you think you have a liquid," says Wen. "But if you follow the motion of the electrons, you see that, unlike in a liquid, the electrons dance around each other in a well organized manner and form a global dancing pattern." It is as if the electrons are entangled. Today, physicists use the term to describe a property in quantum mechanics in which particles can be linked despite being separated by great distances. Wen speculated that FQH systems represented a state of matter in which long-range entanglement was a key intrinsic property, with particles tied to each other in a complicated manner across the entire material. Different entanglement patterns or dancing patterns, such as "waltz", "square dance", "contra dance", etc, give rise to different quantum Hall states. According to this point of view, a new pattern of entanglement will lead to a new state of matter. This led Wen and Levin to the idea that there may be a different way of thinking about states (or phases) of matter. In an attempt of construct states will all possible patterns of entanglement, they formulated a model in which particles form strings and such strings are free to move "like noodles in a soup" and weave together into "string-nets" that fill the space. They found that liquid states of string-nets can realize a huge class of different entanglement patterns which, in turn, correspond to a huge class of new states of matter. Light and matter unified "What if electrons were not elementary, but were the ends of long strings in a string-net liquid which becomes our space?" A state or a phase correspond to an organization of particles. A deformation in the organization represents a wave in the state. A new state of matter will usually support new kind of waves. Wen and Levin found that, in a state of string-net liquid, the motion of string-nets correspond to a wave that behaved according to a very famous set of equations -- Maxwell's equations! The equations describe the behavior of light -- a wave of electric and magnetic field. "A hundred and fifty years after Maxwell wrote them down, ether -- a medium that produces those equations -- was finally found." says Wen. That wasn't all. They found that the ends of strings are sources of the electric field in the Maxwell's equations. In other words, the ends of strings behave like charged electrons. The string-end picture can even reproduce the Fermi statistics and the Dirac equation that describes the motion of the electrons. They also found that string-net theory naturally gave rise to other elementary particles, such as quarks, which make up protons and neutrons, and the particles responsible for some of the fundamental forces, such as gluons and the W and Z bosons. [remainder deleted]
