On Tue, Nov 23, 2010 at 1:14 PM, Jon Elson <el...@pico-systems.com> wrote:

> The GPS system has atomic clocks accurate to some insane level like one
> second in 10,000 years.  They have to periodically adjust the clocks for 
> relativistic
> effects.

NIST runs the master clocks for the system from Boulder, and keeps
improving them. The most recent generation uses single Aluminum ion,
and is accurate to 1s in over 3 billion years. This is so sensitive
that when the latest clock was being tested it showed a discrepancy
which at first got everyone worried, but then turned out to be the
result of a 17 cm elevation difference between it and the previous
clock used for reference. The clock instrument scientists  wrote a
nice Science paper on general relativistic effects of Earth
gravitational field:
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/329/5999/1630.abstract
http://tf.boulder.nist.gov/general/pdf/2447.pdf

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