Unions are expressly exempted from the provisions of the Sherman Act. Otherwise they 
would indeed be a conspiracy in restraint of trade, as they were treated by the 19th 
century courts. --jks

Even aside from the examples of Debs & Gompers jailed for 
'anti-trust' violation, don't anti-monopoly efforts tend to have 
anti-union effects?  Higher wages for union members, to a certain 
extent, must come from higher profits of oligopoly or monopoly.  More 
competition, lower wages, no?  The example of truckers & trucking 
companies before & after deregulation may be instructive.

Yoshie

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