[Elecraft] In praise of the K3

2010-04-28 Thread vk4cmv

What a versatile little radio this is.

I spend too much time operating Jt65a on 30m where stations transmit around
500hz under where the WSPR signals appear. The notch filter is just great
for taking out the high pitched tone of loud WSPR signals. Not that most
other radios with a manual notch filter couldn't do the same - but it works
nicely for me.

I use the ubiquitous Yamaha CM500 headset which is permanently connected to
the phone jack at the back. The speakers are connected to the speaker jack
and I've programmed the PF1 key to switch speakers on or off - who cares if
the headphones are still active. Nothing connected to the front panel now -
clean solution - and no wear on the jacks at the back.

A while ago my shack was a patchwork of sound card interfaces, audio
connectors, and other wires - the K3 has allowed me to rationalise all this. 
I still use a K1EL Winkey - but that's my only vice.

I've had more fun with this radio than all the others combined.

thanks! 

Julian Vk4CMV
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Re: [Elecraft] W2IHY 8 band equalizer and EQ Plus

2010-04-28 Thread Tom W8JI
  It is VERY well known that the most important octave 
bands for
  speech intelligibilty are the octave bands centered on 
1,000 Hz
  and 2,000 Hz. Those bands range means from about 720 Hz 
to about
  2.8 kHz. The 500 Hz is next most important (extending 
down to
  about 350 Hz), followed by the 4000 Hz octave band.

Case in point? Just yesterday on 40 meters an S9 station 
with all that wonderful bass called me, and I had to adjust 
the shift lower (to cut bass response with the K3) and 
narrow the filter to be able to understand him through 
background noise that was several S units weaker than him. A 
friend in Australia with normal communications audio was a 
bit weaker, but much better copy. All that bass power 
wasted, being transmitted just to be filtered and discarded 
at the receiver. :-) 

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Re: [Elecraft] DC-supply for a preamp?

2010-04-28 Thread DM4iM
Hello all,
thank you for all the info about losses in a coax cable,
but the original question was if this is a good or a bad idea.
Lots of qsb, so it disappeared in the noise. :-)

I've been thinking about it myself, my conclusion is: no good idea.
Even if the K3 passes the supply voltage to it's antenna jack, bad
things can happen if you forget to switch the supply off, when you
change antennas, switch to your dummyload, you name it.
So it is a big NONO.

Martin

--

73 , DM4iM
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Re: [Elecraft] DC-supply for a preamp?

2010-04-28 Thread Bob McGraw - K4TAX
I seem to recall that several companies make bias T devices that allow RF 
to pass but block DC in one direction.  Thus these are suitable for feeding 
DC to a antenna mounted preamp.  Then the challenge of switching the preamp 
out of line for transmit is next.

For my EME applications I have made my own bias T.   I apply DC to the bias 
T that switches the preamp in line and supplies power to same.  For transmit 
I remove the DC from the bias T thus turning off the preamp and switching it 
out of line.

Personally, two feedlines, one for RX and one for TX  and a separate DC 
control cable is the more reliable system, specially when running high 
legal limit power.  I've vaporized more than one preamp PCB and other 
components in the past not to mention the more likely probability of a relay 
failure on the top side.

My rule is the less stuff in the RF path, they better the reliability. 
Low loss feedline is the best approach.

73
Bob, K4TAX


- Original Message - 
From: DM4iM hamra...@vr-web.de
To: Reflector Elecraft Elecraft@mailman.qth.net
Sent: Wednesday, April 28, 2010 6:18 AM
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] DC-supply for a preamp?


 Hello all,
 thank you for all the info about losses in a coax cable,
 but the original question was if this is a good or a bad idea.
 Lots of qsb, so it disappeared in the noise. :-)

 I've been thinking about it myself, my conclusion is: no good idea.
 Even if the K3 passes the supply voltage to it's antenna jack, bad
 things can happen if you forget to switch the supply off, when you
 change antennas, switch to your dummyload, you name it.
 So it is a big NONO.

 Martin

 --

 73 , DM4iM
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Re: [Elecraft] K3 not turning off

2010-04-28 Thread Bill W4ZV


Glenn VK4FZ wrote:
 
 My K3 (S/N 544) is no longer turning off properlythe 12v sense mod is
 done, any ideas for further investigation
 

I'd next try the remote Power Off command (PS0) via the K3 Utility.  If that
works and the power switch does not, then you might have a defective switch.

73,  Bill
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Re: [Elecraft] QSK THUMPS?

2010-04-28 Thread lstavenhagen

I heard this too during a QSO not too long ago. It was intermittent tho and
just started happening in the middle of the QSO. I was keying the rig
through the USB-rs232 adapter with RUMLog's keyer at about 20wpm, I thought
something had suddenly gone wrong. It did go away tho as the QSO went on... 

I can't reproduce it with the build-in keyer plus paddles into a dummy load
at any power setting. Perhaps I'll have another go with this with the
computer and see what happens.

Interesting

73,
LS
W5QD
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Re: [Elecraft] W2IHY 8 band equalizer and EQ Plus

2010-04-28 Thread Paul Christensen
 It is also interesting that human hearing is most sensitive in
 the very area that the human voice has no energy.  Some have
 speculated that to be an evolutionary defense which allowed
 early man to hear danger in the middle of a crowd of voices.

There's actually quite a bit of short duration energy of the human voice at 
or near 3 kHz.  Interestingly, the classic Fletcher-Munson (FM) family of 
curves shows peak sensitivity to sound pressure level also at or near 3 kHz. 
The speculation by many speech pathologists, audiologists and researchers is 
that the presence band near 3 kHz evolved over time, matching an important 
part of human speech for maximum intelligibility near the 3 kHz octave-band 
region.

The 3 kHz peak is a function of the ear canal length.  As I recall from my 
psychacoustics studies at NIU, the ear canal length does not change 
significantly from the time birth to adulthood.  The resonance point on the 
FM curves is calculated as anyone would calculate the resonance point of a 
closed pipe.   The tympanic membrane forms the closure on one end of the 
pipe.

I would say that maximum articulation occurs at an upper audio cut-off near 
3 kHz, with diminishing returns above that point.

On the low end, it's easy to plot the lowest frequency generated by any 
voice.  Using FFT software and a sound card, I've measured the fundamental 
point of most male voices between 80-95 Hz.  That 15 Hz of difference may 
not seem like much, but the difference is significant.  I've measured only a 
few voices on the air that reach slightly below 80 Hz and when they do, 
they're the ones that could do well with commercial voice-over work.

Certainly any attempt to achieve a response in low-end audio below about 90 
Hz is a wasted effort.  Folks who adjust their low-end EQ to compensate for 
a lack of deep bass in their voices can do nothing to sound the way they 
really want to.  Either we were born with the gift or we weren't and no 
amount of EQ will change that -- excessive boost just makes it sound like 
we're trying to compensate for something we don't have and can easily create 
a phantom carrier when speaking in ESSB mode.

Paul, W9AC
 

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Re: [Elecraft] DC-supply for a preamp?

2010-04-28 Thread WILLIS COOKE
Martin, it is a common idea.  The antenna tuners and remote relays that use 
only the coax use the idea.  The big danger is connecting the injection port 
incorrectly and putting the 12 volts on your transceiver.  I have a dead TS-850 
waiting for repair because I connected the injection port backwards for my MFJ 
Antenna Tuner.  I have been holding off on this note because I hoped for 
official work from Elecraft, but I have seen none, so here is your Take it for 
what it cost free advise.  The comments about putting the amp at the 
transceiver have merit.  Personally, I don't have an external preamp and I have 
about 3 db loss in my cable, but I make some nice 6 meter contacts.  The people 
with more equipment no doubt hear better than I.
 Willis 'Cookie' Cooke 
K5EWJ 





From: DM4iM hamra...@vr-web.de
To: Reflector Elecraft Elecraft@mailman.qth.net
Sent: Wed, April 28, 2010 6:18:37 AM
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] DC-supply for a preamp?

Hello all,
thank you for all the info about losses in a coax cable,
but the original question was if this is a good or a bad idea.
Lots of qsb, so it disappeared in the noise. :-)

I've been thinking about it myself, my conclusion is: no good idea.
Even if the K3 passes the supply voltage to it's antenna jack, bad
things can happen if you forget to switch the supply off, when you
change antennas, switch to your dummyload, you name it.
So it is a big NONO.

Martin

--

73 , DM4iM
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[Elecraft] KX1 Wanted

2010-04-28 Thread G. Jude Miller
Would like to buy your KX-1

Best Regards,

G. Jude Miller
Technology Strategist
Lake Arthur, LA 70549 USA
g.jude.mil...@gmail.com

KB5FSG, C9A1, QRP-ARCI 12150, FP 1156
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Re: [Elecraft] DC-supply for a preamp?

2010-04-28 Thread Lance Collister
This will be my last comment on this thread, which seems to be digressing from 
the 
original inquiry.  However, when I see information like the one below, I feel 
it 
needs to be addressed, so inexperienced readers do not get a wrong impression 
and 
experience equipment failure as a result.

The biggest reason I can think of for running the preamp voltage up the receive 
cable is to AVOID what K4TAX recommends below.  Running a separate unshielded 
power line up a tower to a preamp is a sure way to generate voltage spikes 
which 
will destroy a sensitive preamplifier.  Of course such spikes can be caused by 
induction of nearby lightning but the most common problem is simply switching 
transients from the relay control lines also run up the tower.  Using bias T's 
to 
send the voltage to the preamp via a shielded coaxial cable is the safest way 
to 
provide a stable controlled DC voltage to a preamp.

The bottom line for K3 users is to keep the coaxial loss low and keep the 
preamp 
attached to the K3.  If you are operating higher frequencies where your feed  
line 
loss will degrade front end performance and you MUST mount a preamp and relays 
at 
the antenna, use shielded cable to provide voltage to the preamp.

GL and VY 73, Lance

On 4/28/2010 11:42 AM, Bob McGraw - K4TAX wrote:
 I seem to recall that several companies make bias T devices that allow RF
 to pass but block DC in one direction.  Thus these are suitable for feeding
 DC to a antenna mounted preamp.  Then the challenge of switching the preamp
 out of line for transmit is next.

 For my EME applications I have made my own bias T.   I apply DC to the bias
 T that switches the preamp in line and supplies power to same.  For transmit
 I remove the DC from the bias T thus turning off the preamp and switching it
 out of line.

 Personally, two feedlines, one for RX and one for TX  and a separate DC
 control cable is the more reliable system, specially when running high
 legal limit power.  I've vaporized more than one preamp PCB and other
 components in the past not to mention the more likely probability of a relay
 failure on the top side.

 My rule is the less stuff in the RF path, they better the reliability.
 Low loss feedline is the best approach.

 73
 Bob, K4TAX


 - Original Message -
 From: DM4iMhamra...@vr-web.de
 To: Reflector ElecraftElecraft@mailman.qth.net
 Sent: Wednesday, April 28, 2010 6:18 AM
 Subject: Re: [Elecraft] DC-supply for a preamp?


 Hello all,
 thank you for all the info about losses in a coax cable,
 but the original question was if this is a good or a bad idea.
 Lots of qsb, so it disappeared in the noise. :-)

 I've been thinking about it myself, my conclusion is: no good idea.
 Even if the K3 passes the supply voltage to it's antenna jack, bad
 things can happen if you forget to switch the supply off, when you
 change antennas, switch to your dummyload, you name it.
 So it is a big NONO.

 Martin


-- 
Lance Collister, W7GJ (ex: WN3GPL, WA3GPL, WA1JXN, WA1JXN/C6A, ZF2OC/ZF8, 
E51SIX)
P.O. Box 73
Frenchtown, MT  59834  USA
QTH: DN27UB
TEL: (406) 626-5728   URL: http://www.bigskyspaces.com/w7gj
LIVE MESSENGER CHAT: w...@hotmail.com
2m DXCC #11, 6m DXCC #815

Interested in 6m EME?  Ask me about subscribing to the Magic Band EME email!
http://6meme.com/mailman/listinfo/magic_6meme.com
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[Elecraft] N2CQ QRP Contest Calendar: May 2010

2010-04-28 Thread Ken Newman
~
N2CQ QRP CONTEST CALENDAR
May 2010 
~
AGCW QRP/QRP Party (CW) ... QRP Contest!
May 1, 1300z to 1900z
Rules: http://www.agcw.org/en/?Contests:QRP-QRP-Party
~
Ten-Ten International Spring Contest (Dig/CW)...QRP Category
May 1, 0001z to May 2, 2359z
Rules: http://www.ten-ten.org/Forms/QSOPartyRulesRevised.pdf
~
7th Call Area QSO Party (Ph/CW/Dig) ... QRP Category
May 1, 1300z to May 2, 0700z
Rules: http://www.codxc.com/new/page.asp?content=dryland7s
~
Indiana QSO Party (All) ... QRP Category
May 1, 1600z to May 2, 0400z
Rules: http://www.hdxcc.org/inqp/
~
New England QSO Party (Phone/CW) ... QRP Category
May 1, 2000z to May 2, 0500z
May 2, 1300z to May 2, 2400z
Rules: http://www.neqp.org/
~
Adventure Radio Spartan Sprint (CW) ... QRP Event!
May 4, 0100z to 0300z (First Monday 9 PM EDT)
Info: http://adventure-radio.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page
~
AGCW Activity Week (CW) ... QRP Category
May 5, z to May 9, 2400z
Rules: http://www.agcw.org/en/?Contests:Activity_Week
~
VK/trans-Tasman Contests (80 M Ph) ... QRP Category
May 8, 0800z to 1400z
Rules: http://home.iprimus.com.au/vktasman/RULES.HTM
~
CQM International DX Contest (CW/SSB) ... QRP Category
May 8, 1200z to May 9, 1159z
Rules: http://www.cq-m.andys.ru/
~
FISTS Spring Sprint (CW) ... QRP Category
May 8, 1700z to 2100z
Rules: http://www.fists.org/sprints.html
~
SKCC Weekend Sprintathon (Straight Key CW) ... QRP Category
May 9, z to 2359z
Rules: http://www.skccgroup.com/sprint/wes/
~
CWops Mini-CWT Test (CW) ... QRP Category
May 12, 1100z to 1200z and
May 12, 1900z to 2000z and
May 13, 0300z to 0400z
Rules: http://www.cwops.org/onair.html
~
[North American Minimal Art Session]
MAS Minimal Art Session (80M CW) *** QRP Homebrew Only! ***
May 13, 9 PM to 1 AM ** LOCAL TIME **
North American Rules:  http://tinyurl.com/MAS-QRPedia
~
Dayton Hamvention (QRP Event - FDIM)
May 14-16
Info: http://www.hamvention.org/
~
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SPAIN CONTEST (CW)
May 15, 1200z to May 16, 1200z
Rules: 
http://www.ure.es/contest/431-sm-el-rey-contest-english-version.html
~
Feld Hell Club Sprint (Feld Hell) ... QRP Category
May 15, 1600z to 1800z and 2000z to 2200z
Rules: http://sites.google.com/site/feldhellclub/Home
~
RUN FOR THE BACON (CW) *** QRP CONTEST ***
EDT: May 16, 9 PM to 11 PM
UTC: May 17, 0100z 0300z
Rules: http://www.fpqrp.com/
~
NAQCC Straight Key/Bug Sprint *** QRP CONTEST! ***
EDT: May 19, 8:30 PM to 10:30 PM
UTC: May 20, 0030z to 0230z
Rules: http://home.windstream.net/yoel/contests.html
~
EU PSK DX Contest  ... Low Power (10W) Category
May 22, 1200z to May 23, 1200z
Rules: http://www.eu.srars.org/
~
All America Contest (CW) ... QRP Category
May 22, 1500z to May 23, 2359z
Rules: http://www.powerline.com.br/cwjf/Regulamento_Ing.pdf
~
Baltic Contest (CW/SSB) (80 Meters)
May 22, 2100z to May 23, 0200z
Rules: http://www.lrsf.lt/bcontest/english/rules_html.htm
~
SKCC Sprint (Straight Key CW)  ... QRP Awards
May 26, z to 0200z
Rules: http://www.skccgroup.com/sprint/sks/
~
CQWW WPX Contest (CW) ... QRP Category
May 29, z to May 30, 2359z
Rules: http://www.cqwpx.com/
~
QRP ARCI Hoot Owl Sprint (CW) ... QRP Contest!
May 30, 2000 to 2400 LOCAL TIME
Rules: http://www.qrparci.org
~
Michigan QRP Memorial Day Sprint (CW) ... QRP Contest!
May 31, 2300z to June 1, 0300z
Rules: http://www.qsl.net/miqrpclub/contest.html
~

Thanks to SM3CER, WA7BNM, N0AX(ARRL), 

Re: [Elecraft] Data Modes Software for Mac

2010-04-28 Thread lstavenhagen

Ah, I noticed that this was working all of a sudden the other day. I have the
3.94 beta FW loaded into my K3, I happend to try PSK directly from RUMLog
(using PSK-D) and was sending PSK at full speed. I didn't try RTTY tho
Very nice! (tho yes not nearly as versatile as cocoaModem hi hi).

73,
LS
W5QD
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Re: [Elecraft] Data Modes Software for Mac

2010-04-28 Thread Tom, DL2RUM

RUMlog can interface with the K3 now via the CAT only for RTTY operation. An
Audio interface is not required. The K3 needs the latest (Beta) firmware -
MCU 3.94 or better

For further info see: http://dl2rum.de/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4t=192
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[Elecraft] K3 on 60m in the UK?

2010-04-28 Thread Ian Wade G3NRW
Will the K3 transmit on the UK 60m channels?. See:

http://folk.uio.no/tomvs/la4ln/Worldwide%2060%20m%20frequency%20chart_v8
.pdf

Further, do I need to buy the BPF option for 60m?

Also, what is involved in minor retuning of the 60M bandpass filters, 
if anything? What test equipment is required to do this?

-- 
73
Ian, G3NRW


































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[Elecraft] K2: PSK-31 Power Settings

2010-04-28 Thread Jon Perelstein
This may have been answered before, but I couldn't find any search terms that 
brought up the info I was looking for.

What power and volume settings do people use for PSK-31?

I have a 100w K2 and I use a SignaLink going into the K2's mic jack.  The 
standard approach that has always been recommended to me is to set the rig's 
power to full power and then control output power with the transmit volume 
setting on the SignaLink.  I set my SignaLink transmit volume so that the RF 
level on the K2 shows about 30 watts (essentially 3 tick marks) when I'm 
transmitting.

I've noticed that the K2 gets very hot this way, with the fan going to high 
high speed. 

Is that the right way to run the K2, or should I be doing something differently?

Thanks.

Jon
KB1QBZ
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[Elecraft] [K3] CW Sidetone Pitch Change Problem

2010-04-28 Thread Phil Hystad
A while back I raised the question of whether others had the same symptoms I 
had been hearing of the CW sidetone pitch of a received signal all of a sudden 
changing by so-many Hz (maybe up to 50 Hz but just guessing).  It appears to 
happen when there is a slight pause in the senders signal and it almost sounds 
like some other station, a few Hz away has jumped into the party but that is 
not the case -- only a single station sending.

Several responses commented that they had heard the same thing whereas some 
others said they never heard this problem.

And, about two weeks ago or so someone sent me a message or maybe posted it to 
the Elecraft reflector asking if I still had the problem after installing the 
latest firmware (or, beta?).  I have lost that message and I would like to know 
if this problem was specifically addressed by a firmware update.  I am up to 
date on firmware with the exception of the latest beta that I have now 
installed yet.  However, I still have this problem (it seems to happen with 
stronger signals, maybe S8 or better, and it seems to only happen in the pause 
between words for example and never to my knowledge in a string of characters 
of a word).

73, phil, K7PEH

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Re: [Elecraft] QSK THUMPS?

2010-04-28 Thread The Smiths

You'll find that the louder the noise floor the worse the thumping. Again, 
reducing your RF gain, Turning on your NB and NR will help the thumping go away.

It's possible that when you started hearing the problem the noise floor had 
risen up some, and then when it went away it had reduced again..
 
 Date: Wed, 28 Apr 2010 05:00:36 -0700
 From: lstavenha...@hotmail.com
 To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net
 Subject: Re: [Elecraft] QSK THUMPS?
 
 
 I heard this too during a QSO not too long ago. It was intermittent tho and
 just started happening in the middle of the QSO. I was keying the rig
 through the USB-rs232 adapter with RUMLog's keyer at about 20wpm, I thought
 something had suddenly gone wrong. It did go away tho as the QSO went on... 
 
 I can't reproduce it with the build-in keyer plus paddles into a dummy load
 at any power setting. Perhaps I'll have another go with this with the
 computer and see what happens.
 
 Interesting
 
 73,
 LS
 W5QD
 -- 
 View this message in context: 
 http://elecraft.365791.n2.nabble.com/QSK-THUMPS-tp4971836p4974029.html
 Sent from the [K3] mailing list archive at Nabble.com.
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Re: [Elecraft] [K3] CW Sidetone Pitch Change Problem

2010-04-28 Thread Guy Olinger K2AV
Phil, what is the pitch you are using when this happens?  Is it a
multiple of 50 Hz? Or one of the in-betweens?

73, Guy

On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 12:20 PM, Phil Hystad phys...@mac.com wrote:
 A while back I raised the question of whether others had the same symptoms I 
 had been hearing of the CW sidetone pitch of a received signal all of a 
 sudden changing by so-many Hz (maybe up to 50 Hz but just guessing).  It 
 appears to happen when there is a slight pause in the senders signal and it 
 almost sounds like some other station, a few Hz away has jumped into the 
 party but that is not the case -- only a single station sending.

 Several responses commented that they had heard the same thing whereas some 
 others said they never heard this problem.

 And, about two weeks ago or so someone sent me a message or maybe posted it 
 to the Elecraft reflector asking if I still had the problem after installing 
 the latest firmware (or, beta?).  I have lost that message and I would like 
 to know if this problem was specifically addressed by a firmware update.  I 
 am up to date on firmware with the exception of the latest beta that I have 
 now installed yet.  However, I still have this problem (it seems to happen 
 with stronger signals, maybe S8 or better, and it seems to only happen in the 
 pause between words for example and never to my knowledge in a string of 
 characters of a word).

 73, phil, K7PEH

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Re: [Elecraft] [K3] CW Sidetone Pitch Change Problem

2010-04-28 Thread Phil Hystad
I have no idea what the pitch is -- I will have to look the next time.

On Apr 28, 2010, at 10:05 AM, Guy Olinger K2AV wrote:

 Phil, what is the pitch you are using when this happens?  Is it a
 multiple of 50 Hz? Or one of the in-betweens?
 
 73, Guy
 
 On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 12:20 PM, Phil Hystad phys...@mac.com wrote:
 A while back I raised the question of whether others had the same symptoms I 
 had been hearing of the CW sidetone pitch of a received signal all of a 
 sudden changing by so-many Hz (maybe up to 50 Hz but just guessing).  It 
 appears to happen when there is a slight pause in the senders signal and it 
 almost sounds like some other station, a few Hz away has jumped into the 
 party but that is not the case -- only a single station sending.
 
 Several responses commented that they had heard the same thing whereas some 
 others said they never heard this problem.
 
 And, about two weeks ago or so someone sent me a message or maybe posted it 
 to the Elecraft reflector asking if I still had the problem after installing 
 the latest firmware (or, beta?).  I have lost that message and I would like 
 to know if this problem was specifically addressed by a firmware update.  I 
 am up to date on firmware with the exception of the latest beta that I have 
 now installed yet.  However, I still have this problem (it seems to happen 
 with stronger signals, maybe S8 or better, and it seems to only happen in 
 the pause between words for example and never to my knowledge in a string of 
 characters of a word).
 
 73, phil, K7PEH
 
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Re: [Elecraft] K2: PSK-31 Power Settings

2010-04-28 Thread Don Wilhelm
Jon,

I would recommend setting the power to 30 watts.  Then hold DISPLAY to 
change the metering to ALC - adjust the audio up just to the point where 
there is no ALC indication (adjust until you see ALC bars and then back 
off until there are none).  That should give you a cleaner signal and 
better control of the output level.  Since the gain of the K2 transmit 
chain varies from band to band, you may have to check the audio drive 
level again when changing to a different band.  For further explanation, 
read on.

For those using the K3 instead of the K2, set the audio to indicate 
between  4 and 5 bars on the ALC meter - the low end of the ALC meter 
scale on the K3 does not indicate ALC at all, but is more like a VU 
meter - ALC action starts at the 5th bar.  Let the K3 control the power 
out with its normal control mechanism.

The K2 and K3 control power in a different way than many other 
transceivers, in that they monitor the level of the output signal, and 
if that level is less than the level requested, the drive will be 
increased in an attempt to increase the power.
So the likely result of you setting the K2 power to 100 watts and using 
the audio level to control the power results in the K2 trying to 
increase the drive to make the peaks as close to 100 watts as possible - 
of course, it can't make it because you have decreased the audio. but 
using the K2 that way will increase the residual level of the suppressed 
carrier and cause other parameters of the normal power control mechanism 
to do strange things.

Theoretically, the audio level should be able to control the SSB power 
output, but also in theory, the suppressed carrier would be zero.  In 
reality, there is a bit of residual carrier, and that is what messes up 
doing things by theory.  Controlling the audio alone will work just 
fine in a transceiver which controls the output level by adjusting the 
drive at some point *beyond* the BFO injection to the balanced 
modulator, but the K2 uses the BFO injection to control the power output.

73,
Don W3FPR

Jon Perelstein wrote:
 This may have been answered before, but I couldn't find any search terms that 
 brought up the info I was looking for.

 What power and volume settings do people use for PSK-31?

 I have a 100w K2 and I use a SignaLink going into the K2's mic jack.  The 
 standard approach that has always been recommended to me is to set the rig's 
 power to full power and then control output power with the transmit volume 
 setting on the SignaLink.  I set my SignaLink transmit volume so that the RF 
 level on the K2 shows about 30 watts (essentially 3 tick marks) when I'm 
 transmitting.

 I've noticed that the K2 gets very hot this way, with the fan going to high 
 high speed. 

 Is that the right way to run the K2, or should I be doing something 
 differently?

 Thanks.

   
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Re: [Elecraft] W2IHY 8 band equalizer and EQ Plus

2010-04-28 Thread Guy Olinger K2AV
Why pre-DSP?  He can do that in firmware.  You can forget about a
hardware mod.  Why do we keep trying to remake a digital radio into an
analog radio?  A DSP version can have options.  Just has to get in
line with all the other things taking resources in a small business.

How do you define headroom?

73, Guy.

 The only things that I would add to the K3 transmitter
 processing chain would be a bit more headroom, a Pre-DSP two
 band audio leveler/AGC and handles for Attack, Decay and
 Ratio on the RF Clipper.  If Lyle could do this I would kiss
 the ring!
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Re: [Elecraft] [K3] CW Sidetone Pitch Change Problem

2010-04-28 Thread Guy Olinger K2AV
It is my recollection that Wayne is doing something extra to have all
the non-50 Hz things work on CW, e.g. if this is CW then add this
number kind of thing.  Since some (a lot?) of people will use a 50 Hz
multiple, this would explain why some see and some don't.  Also is a
pointer to where to look in the code.

73, Guy.

On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 1:09 PM, Phil Hystad phys...@mac.com wrote:
 I have no idea what the pitch is -- I will have to look the next time.

 On Apr 28, 2010, at 10:05 AM, Guy Olinger K2AV wrote:

 Phil, what is the pitch you are using when this happens?  Is it a
 multiple of 50 Hz? Or one of the in-betweens?

 73, Guy

 On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 12:20 PM, Phil Hystad phys...@mac.com wrote:
 A while back I raised the question of whether others had the same symptoms 
 I had been hearing of the CW sidetone pitch of a received signal all of a 
 sudden changing by so-many Hz (maybe up to 50 Hz but just guessing).  It 
 appears to happen when there is a slight pause in the senders signal and it 
 almost sounds like some other station, a few Hz away has jumped into the 
 party but that is not the case -- only a single station sending.

 Several responses commented that they had heard the same thing whereas some 
 others said they never heard this problem.

 And, about two weeks ago or so someone sent me a message or maybe posted it 
 to the Elecraft reflector asking if I still had the problem after 
 installing the latest firmware (or, beta?).  I have lost that message and I 
 would like to know if this problem was specifically addressed by a firmware 
 update.  I am up to date on firmware with the exception of the latest beta 
 that I have now installed yet.  However, I still have this problem (it 
 seems to happen with stronger signals, maybe S8 or better, and it seems to 
 only happen in the pause between words for example and never to my 
 knowledge in a string of characters of a word).

 73, phil, K7PEH

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Re: [Elecraft] Pro3 Going, K3 Coming!

2010-04-28 Thread lstavenhagen

Well that's the beauty of elecraft and the K3 and what really makes them
stand out - if something really does turn up broken, you can report it and
it'll get in the queue to get fixed! 
I've only found one what I would consider major problem in my K3 (a
CW-to-data bug) and Wayne is already working on it or will be working on it
soon.  My K2 I havn't been able to find anything wrong with at all

73,
LS
W5QD


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[Elecraft] PR6 6 Meter Preamp Installation

2010-04-28 Thread Terry Schieler
KL7UW Wrote:  I installed an ARR P50VDG preamp on the back side of my K3/10
using preamp in/out connectors on the KVX3.
photo: http://www.kl7uw.com/K3-ARR-6mPreamp.jpg;

The photo of Ed's preamp on the back of his K3 looks like a very sturdy
mount.  But my K3/100 has fans and heat sinks on the rear, so solidly
attaching a 6M preamp via Ed's approach is not an easy undertaking.

Therefore, my PR6 Elecraft 6M preamp is attached with the recommended
back-to-back BNC connectors (no cables).  This installation results in the
amp sticking straight out the back of rig.  That concerns me because when I
need to shift my K3 or move items around it, I can tell that there is stress
on the preamp's BNC connectors and I can visualize them failing at some
point.

Which brings me (finally) to my question:  Since there is room inside the K3
for a second receiver and a 2M transverter, could there be a way to install
the PR6 (or similar 6M preamp circuit) *inside* the K3?  This would greatly
simplify packing for Field Day and other portable operations.  If this has
been addressed before I cannot find a reference to it.  Any ideas?

Terry, W0FM
K3/100 #474



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Re: [Elecraft] W2IHY 8 band equalizer and EQ Plus

2010-04-28 Thread Don Wilhelm
Guy,

You are absolutely right.  While much of the pro-audio equipment is 
going digital to be able to more precisely control parameters without 
the expensive of many analog stages, we are seeing requests for adding 
an analog front end to the K3 digital audio processing as though that 
would accomplish some sort of magic.
By the same reasoning, we might obtain improvement to our analog solid 
state transceivers by adding some front end vacuum tube gear! :-)

73,
Don W3FPR

Guy Olinger K2AV wrote:
 Why pre-DSP?  He can do that in firmware.  You can forget about a
 hardware mod.  Why do we keep trying to remake a digital radio into an
 analog radio?  A DSP version can have options.  Just has to get in
 line with all the other things taking resources in a small business.

 How do you define headroom?

 73, Guy.

   
 The only things that I would add to the K3 transmitter
 processing chain would be a bit more headroom, a Pre-DSP two
 band audio leveler/AGC and handles for Attack, Decay and
 Ratio on the RF Clipper.  If Lyle could do this I would kiss
 the ring!
 

   
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Re: [Elecraft] Pro3 Going, K3 Coming!

2010-04-28 Thread Alan D. Wilcox
Jim,

Good decision! I'm sure you'll be more than happy with your decision to keep 
the K2 along with your new K3.   :)

73, Alan
 
Alan D. Wilcox, W3DVX (K2-5373, K3-40)
570-321-1516
http://WilcoxEngineering.com
Williamsport, PA 17701 


Jim bennett wrote:
 OK guys (and gals) - been reading the mail here and see that there are a very
 small number of issues with the K3, although nothing major. I'm getting
 ready to list my Pro III on eBay and use the proceeds to buy a K3. So,
 please see if you can fix all those minor issues before I order mine!  Just
 kidding! Looking forward to another Elecraft purchase (already have a K2)
 and the subsequent fun of playing with and learning a new rig.
   

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[Elecraft] OT MFJ 259B analyzer for sale

2010-04-28 Thread David Christ
Antennas and SWR seem to be an ongoing topic on this list so I 
thought I would mention that a friend of mine has an almost new MFJ 
259B antenna analyzer for sale.  He wants to get something more 
advanced.  He was mentioning $200.  I think that included some 
accessories.

If interested contact him directly as I have no further information. 
Bill  K7BVO   be...@cox.net


David K0LUM
-- 
Education should be an accumulation of understanding, not just an 
accumulation of facts.
Dr. David M. Pozar
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Re: [Elecraft] [K3] CW Sidetone Pitch Change Problem

2010-04-28 Thread Phil Hystad
Guy,

Thanks for the comments.  Tonight I will experiment a little by changing the 
tone Hz value and see what happens.  It may take a few days to determine if 
anything is changed as I do not hear this problem all the time.

peh

On Apr 28, 2010, at 10:21 AM, Guy Olinger K2AV wrote:

 It is my recollection that Wayne is doing something extra to have all
 the non-50 Hz things work on CW, e.g. if this is CW then add this
 number kind of thing.  Since some (a lot?) of people will use a 50 Hz
 multiple, this would explain why some see and some don't.  Also is a
 pointer to where to look in the code.
 
 73, Guy.
 
 On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 1:09 PM, Phil Hystad phys...@mac.com wrote:
 I have no idea what the pitch is -- I will have to look the next time.
 
 On Apr 28, 2010, at 10:05 AM, Guy Olinger K2AV wrote:
 
 Phil, what is the pitch you are using when this happens?  Is it a
 multiple of 50 Hz? Or one of the in-betweens?
 
 73, Guy
 
 On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 12:20 PM, Phil Hystad phys...@mac.com wrote:
 A while back I raised the question of whether others had the same symptoms 
 I had been hearing of the CW sidetone pitch of a received signal all of a 
 sudden changing by so-many Hz (maybe up to 50 Hz but just guessing).  It 
 appears to happen when there is a slight pause in the senders signal and 
 it almost sounds like some other station, a few Hz away has jumped into 
 the party but that is not the case -- only a single station sending.
 
 Several responses commented that they had heard the same thing whereas 
 some others said they never heard this problem.
 
 And, about two weeks ago or so someone sent me a message or maybe posted 
 it to the Elecraft reflector asking if I still had the problem after 
 installing the latest firmware (or, beta?).  I have lost that message and 
 I would like to know if this problem was specifically addressed by a 
 firmware update.  I am up to date on firmware with the exception of the 
 latest beta that I have now installed yet.  However, I still have this 
 problem (it seems to happen with stronger signals, maybe S8 or better, and 
 it seems to only happen in the pause between words for example and never 
 to my knowledge in a string of characters of a word).
 
 73, phil, K7PEH
 
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Re: [Elecraft] W2IHY 8 band equalizer and EQ Plus

2010-04-28 Thread Lu Romero
Guys... Hold on...

I have my reasons... Hear me out...

Why pre-DSP?  

Maybe I should have said Before the input of the active
audio processing area in the DSP section of the radio. 
That is, a way to control analog dynamic range at the
input of the RF Clipper section of the DSP audio chain.  

What I was suggesting is an AGC funtion before the RF
Clipping section touches the audio waveform.  Something to
smooth out the dynamic range of the audio input so that the
DSP processing engine would not have to work so hard dealing
with peaks and valleys and can be let loose some.  

The K3's DSP audio management software understands the
Nyquist Limit of its ADC, and it plays a very conservative
game  :)  The RF Clipper does a good job of controlling
these, always keeping them within the ADC's non distorting
range, but nothing is perfect.  If you hit the input stage
too hard (ever get excited calling a DX Station or a
Multiplier?) the clipper grabs the peak, which then reduces
the overall audio level.  Since the decay value is somewhat
slower than the attack, you end up punching a hole in the
audio.  Im really nitpicking here... Its really minor, but I
notice it and have learned to live with it.  But it *IS*
there.

He can do that in firmware.  

Thats just fine with me.  I dont care if he does it with
Squirrels on a treadmill, if it can be done, Im all for it!

You can forget about a hardware mod.  

I was not aware that I was requesting a hardware mod.  Where
did you get that idea?  I dont care how its done.  I just
hope that it *CAN* be done.

Why do we keep trying to remake a digital radio into an
analog radio?  

I was not aware that only *analog* radios had an AGC ahead
of a limiter.  I know many broadcast digital processors that
have these features incorporated in software.  You can
always go to the nearest pawn shop and buy a Aphex Compellor
and a mic preamp and do the same thing.  Just would be nice
to have it all in one box.

A DSP version can have options.  

Exactly!  This is just one more option!

Just has to get in line with all the other things taking
resources in a small business.

I have no problem with that.  K3 is not broken, Im not
trying to fix it.  Just in my opinion this would be a very
useful feature.  Its up to Wayne and his staff to make the
ultimate decision.  If I want to fix it, I have to dust off
my Compellor and add some complexity to my station.  I dont
want to do that.


How do you define headroom?


The difference between when the input to the DSP is at its
highest point (100% signal saturation) and the point where
the input waveform clips appreciably (usually 10% above full
modulation is a standard measurement) in an RMS waveform. 
Remember we are using a ADC here.  It QUANTIZES the analog
waveform in finite steps (254?  1024?   Only Lyle knows what
he has implemented).  If its, for example, 0 to 254, then
255 is distortion because the value is undefined and is
truncated in the quantization matrix.  You have hit the
Nyquist wall!  

For instance, in professional digital videotape machines,
maximum level is defined as 
-20dB (-20dB = 0VU in analog) and saturation is defined as
0dB (the clip point in analog).  The difference between
these levels is defined as headroom (the Nyquist limit)
for those RMS peaks that happen in wide dynamic range
material.  

Back in the analog days we would use 0VU as the RMS
reference level, but the peaks could go all the way into the
red without distorting... But then analog systems went into
distortion gracefully a lot higher than 0VU;  they never
run out of numbers (reach the Nyquist limit), but they do
run out of the linear curve of the active devices in the
circuit.  Digital systems just clip when they run out of
numbers, so there is no margin for error, hence the digital
overhead to account for analog dynamic range built in to
digital audio recorders.

What Im saying is that since the difference in the K3 is
somewhat narrow, because we are playing conservatively, in
my opinion (I have not done quantitative testing, Its just
my by ear opinion), if there were some dynamic range
leveling before the ADC, it would be helpful to the overall
system efficiency.

I will shut up now, learn not to yell into the mic or go
plug in my Compellor  :)

-lu-w4lt- 


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Re: [Elecraft] W2IHY 8 band equalizer and EQ Plus

2010-04-28 Thread Lu Romero
Don, I never suggested that this be implemented by an analog
stage or in an analog fashion.  I dont know where you guys
are getting that idea!

AGC can be perfectly implemented in a digital environment. 
It would quantize the waveform and bring the valleys up to
the peaks, then hand them off to the clipper where the real
fun begins.

That's all Im describing!  It has nothing to do with a 12AX7
at all!

We have beat this to death enough, so as not to rase the ire
of Eric the Mighty Moderator, I now terminate my comments on
this thread.

If we want to kibbitz, we can do it off the list.

-lu-w4lt-

- Original Message Follows -
From: Don Wilhelm w3...@embarqmail.com
To: Guy Olinger K2AV olin...@bellsouth.net
Cc: lrom...@ij.net, elecraft@mailman.qth.net
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] W2IHY 8 band equalizer and EQ Plus
Date: Wed, 28 Apr 2010 14:14:44 -0400

Guy,

You are absolutely right.  While much of the pro-audio
equipment is  going digital to be able to more precisely
control parameters without  the expensive of many analog
stages, we are seeing requests for adding  an analog front
end to the K3 digital audio processing as though that 
would accomplish some sort of magic. By the same reasoning,
we might obtain improvement to our analog solid  state
transceivers by adding some front end vacuum tube gear! :-)

73,
Don W3FPR

Guy Olinger K2AV wrote:
 Why pre-DSP?  He can do that in firmware.  You can forget
 about a hardware mod.  Why do we keep trying to remake a
 digital radio into an analog radio?  A DSP version can
 have options.  Just has to get in line with all the other
things taking resources in a small business. 
 How do you define headroom?

 73, Guy.

   
 The only things that I would add to the K3 transmitter
 processing chain would be a bit more headroom, a Pre-DSP
 two band audio leveler/AGC and handles for Attack, Decay
 and Ratio on the RF Clipper.  If Lyle could do this I
 would kiss the ring!
 


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Re: [Elecraft] W2IHY 8 band equalizer and EQ Plus

2010-04-28 Thread Tom W8JI
Maybe I should have said Before the input of the active
audio processing area in the DSP section of the radio.
That is, a way to control analog dynamic range at the
input of the RF Clipper section of the DSP audio chain

We should not be clipping at RF anyway. RF clipping, or 
clipping an entire band, is an old method that should have 
been retired years ago.

What I was suggesting is an AGC funtion before the RF
Clipping section touches the audio waveform.  Something to
smooth out the dynamic range of the audio input so that the
DSP processing engine would not have to work so hard dealing
with peaks and valleys and can be let loose some.

The proper way to process speech is to split the speech into 
bands that are less than one octave wide. Then we clip and 
process each frequency band.
The output is filtered in a filter to clean it up, and the 
results are remixed in the ratio the user wants.

Take 300-500 and clip it, the closest harmonic is 600. 
Filter it at 300-500.
500-900 and clip it, the closest harmonic is 1000. Filter it 
at 500-900.
900-1700 and clip it, the closest harmonic is 1800. Filter 
it at 900-1700.
1700-3300 and clip. Filter it at 1700-3300.

In a DSP algorithm this idea would be fantastic, instead of 
emulating something that was never that good to start with.

Vomax did something like this in the 70's when op-amps first 
came out. I had a homebrew system with slow input AGC, 
gating, and split processing.

Why turn back the clock to a compressor preceding an RF 
processor? Contest stations already waste too much energy in 
distortion and by transmitting useless frequencies.

73 Tom 

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Re: [Elecraft] K3 not turning off

2010-04-28 Thread Brett Howard
Or you may need to perform the mod that fixes this issue...

http://www.elecraft.com/K3/mods/KPA3_12V_Sense_Modification_Rev_B.pdf

~Brett

On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 4:55 AM, Bill W4ZV btipp...@alum.mit.edu wrote:


 Glenn VK4FZ wrote:

 My K3 (S/N 544) is no longer turning off properlythe 12v sense mod is
 done, any ideas for further investigation


 I'd next try the remote Power Off command (PS0) via the K3 Utility.  If that
 works and the power switch does not, then you might have a defective switch.

 73,  Bill
 --
 View this message in context: 
 http://elecraft.365791.n2.nabble.com/K3-not-turning-off-tp4972515p4974007.html
 Sent from the [K3] mailing list archive at Nabble.com.
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Re: [Elecraft] K2: PSK-31 Power Settings

2010-04-28 Thread Bill Coleman

On Apr 28, 2010, at 11:44 AM, Jon Perelstein wrote:

 What power and volume settings do people use for PSK-31?
 
 I have a 100w K2 and I use a SignaLink going into the K2's mic jack.  The 
 standard approach that has always been recommended to me is to set the rig's 
 power to full power and then control output power with the transmit volume 
 setting on the SignaLink.  I set my SignaLink transmit volume so that the RF 
 level on the K2 shows about 30 watts (essentially 3 tick marks) when I'm 
 transmitting.
 
 I've noticed that the K2 gets very hot this way, with the fan going to high 
 high speed. 
 
 Is that the right way to run the K2, or should I be doing something 
 differently?

I would do the same thing that I do for RTTY. Unless you have some supplemental 
cooling, I would not set the power level to anything over 30 watts for any 
length of time. If you add a cooling fan to the top of the K2/100 heat sink, 
you can safely run 50 watts indefinitely. Note that the K2/100 amplifier is 
progressively less efficient as the power level is dropped. 

Also note that the K2 transmit gain varies from band to band, so you'll still 
have to adjust the volume on the SignaLink. You want to adjust it so you are 
not driving the ALC -- as high as you can go with little or no ALC indication.

It's actually not hard to hit this point using the RF output meter. Turn up the 
volume until the output stops increasing, then reduce it slightly. 

Bill Coleman, AA4LR, PP-ASELMail: aa...@arrl.net
Web: http://boringhamradiopart.blogspot.com
Quote: Not within a thousand years will man ever fly!
-- Wilbur Wright, 1901

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Re: [Elecraft] Elecraft SSB Net Announcement

2010-04-28 Thread phils


On Sat 04/24/10 11:40 AM , Phillip Shepard ph...@rio.com sent:
 Hi gang,
 
 The weekly Elecraft SSB net will meet tomorrow (4/18) at 1800Z on
 14.314MHz.
 I will be net control from Oregon, with help from some eastern relays. 
 Ilook forward to hearing you
 all.  Join us.
 
 
 73,
 
 Phil, NS7P
 
 
 
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Re: [Elecraft] Elecraft SSB Net Announcement

2010-04-28 Thread phils


On Sat 04/24/10 11:40 AM , Phillip Shepard ph...@rio.com sent:
 Hi gang,
 
 The weekly Elecraft SSB net will meet tomorrow (4/18) at 1800Z on
 14.314MHz.
 I will be net control from Oregon, with help from some eastern relays. 
 Ilook forward to hearing you
 all.  Join us.
 
 
 73,
 
 Phil, NS7P
 
 
 
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Re: [Elecraft] W2IHY 8 band equalizer and EQ Plus

2010-04-28 Thread Guy Olinger K2AV
I personally have just as much trouble as anyone else remembering to
think of the K3 as digital.

On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 4:03 PM, Lu Romero lrom...@ij.net wrote:
 Don, I never suggested that this be implemented by an analog
 stage or in an analog fashion.  I dont know where you guys
 are getting that idea!

Other than taking what you said as what you meant?  Tough reading your
mind at this distance. You said:

...a Pre-DSP two band audio leveler/AGC and handles for Attack, Decay
and Ratio on the RF Clipper.

That is, prior to Digital Signal Processing, or before analog is
converted to digital.

In your headroom explanation, is there a common instance of microphone
ADC saturation that needs to be reported?  That's a pretty
seventh-grade mistake on Wayne's part if it's true.  (Yeah, I know,
the first Hubble lenses, and the unit snafu on the Mars landers, also
very seventh-grade.)

You also said:

What I was suggesting is an AGC funtion before the RF
Clipping section touches the audio waveform.  Something to
smooth out the dynamic range of the audio input so that the
DSP processing engine would not have to work so hard dealing
with peaks and valleys and can be let loose some.

Elecraft is already accomplishing envelope leveling and shaping with
digital functions that don't appear to resemble the sledge and wedge
of RF clipping and AF variable band amplifiers. SOME folks get
excellent results using the K3's leveling and shaping processes for TX
audio.  I would hate to bring up RTFM on setting up K3 mic gain and
compression, but the manual procedure does seem to work.

AND, since there is NO analog audio band circuitry in there anywhere,
BUT there ARE banded TX and RX equalizer functions being done in the
number soup, whose gains are being set by NUMBERS we enter in the
menu, what makes us think he hasn't already done something proprietary
about banded gain which he is developing further and is not about to
reveal so the competition can't copy it for free?

My grandchildren are growing up digital.  My having my brain trained
on analog is my problem, certainly not theirs. Grandkids think number
soup and audio that turns analog as close as possible to the speakers
is the good stuff, especially if the last stage is a big tube followed
by a transformer (go figure).

You should have seen the look I got from the oldest one when I asked
him if the audio actually went through all the slide pots on one of
those big digital mixers he was running, the look that says Please
don't talk like that when my friends are around.

Just a couple of the plentiful opportunities for mental disconnects,
there is no K3 RX AF analog circuit controlled by AF gain.  There is
no K3 RX RF analog circuit controlled by RF gain. The AF and RF pot
settings are immediately turned into advice numbers and passed along
to the MCU.

There is a lot of misadventure to be had thinking of the K3 in analog terms.

73, Guy.
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[Elecraft] Ignore message sent in error.

2010-04-28 Thread phils


On Wed 04/28/10  5:44 PM , ph...@rio.com sent:
 
 
 On Sat 04/24/10 11:40 AM , Phillip Shepard ph...@rio.com sent: Hi gang,
  
  The weekly Elecraft SSB net will meet tomorrow
 (4/18) at 1800Z on 14.314MHz.
  I will be net control from Oregon, with help
 from some eastern relays.  Ilook forward to hearing you
  all.  Join us.
  
  
  73,
  
  Phil, NS7P
  
  
  
 
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 mailing list
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 email
 list: http://www.qsl.net/donate.html 
  
 
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[Elecraft] Ignore message sent in error

2010-04-28 Thread phils




  
  73,
  
  Phil, NS7P
  

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Re: [Elecraft] K2: PSK-31 Power Settings

2010-04-28 Thread Jon Perelstein
Don,

I'm having trouble with this approach on 40 meters.

I set the power on the K2 to 30 watts and then adjusted
 the TX volume on the SignaLink as high as I could without getting any ALC 
reading.  

When I do that, I essentially have zero power output.  There's no deflection on 
the
 K2's RF meter and someone who was monitoring my signal said that my signal 
just dropped off the waterfall.  I have a KAT100 and with these settings the 
SWR light would not light, indicating that there isn't even enough power out 
for the KAT100 to measure SWR).

When I increased the SignaLink TX volume to get a 30 watt reading on the K2's 
RF indicator, I was getting 2-4 bars of ALC. 

On my FT-897, the power display when I'm transmitting PSK is fairly steady.  On 
the K2 on 40 meters, it was bouncing all over the place, but that may be a 
function of how the K2 measures RF power out??

I had no trouble using the suggested technique on 20 meters.

Any ideas as to why I'm having problems on 40?

Jon
KB1QBZ



I had no problem using this approach on 20 meters, so I'

--- On Wed, 4/28/10, Don Wilhelm w3...@embarqmail.com wrote:
I would recommend setting the power to 30 watts.  Then hold DISPLAY to change 
the metering to ALC - adjust the audio up just to the point where there is no 
ALC indication (adjust until you see ALC bars and then back off until there are 
none).  That should give you a cleaner signal and better control of the output 
level.  Since the gain of the K2 transmit chain varies from band to band, you 
may have to check the audio drive level again when changing to a different 
band.  For further explanation, read on.

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Re: [Elecraft] K2: PSK-31 Power Settings

2010-04-28 Thread Robert Mcgraw
Don etc.

May I suggest setting the K-2 to maximum output power, say on CW, and
then adjust the TX level from the Signalink to produce about 30 watts
output.  Do not change the power level on the K-2.  FYI - This should
work very satisfactorly for any radio.

With a PSK signal there will be some variation in output level depending
on if one is looking at idle data or text data.

73
Bob, K4TAX

 Don,

 I'm having trouble with this approach on 40 meters.

 I set the power on the K2 to 30 watts and then adjusted
  the TX volume on the SignaLink as high as I could without getting any
 ALC reading. 

 When I do that, I essentially have zero power output.  There's no
 deflection on the
  K2's RF meter and someone who was monitoring my signal said that my
 signal just dropped off the waterfall.  I have a KAT100 and with these
 settings the SWR light would not light, indicating that there isn't even
 enough power out for the KAT100 to measure SWR).

 When I increased the SignaLink TX volume to get a 30 watt reading on the
 K2's RF indicator, I was getting 2-4 bars of ALC.

 On my FT-897, the power display when I'm transmitting PSK is fairly
 steady.  On the K2 on 40 meters, it was bouncing all over the place, but
 that may be a function of how the K2 measures RF power out??

 I had no trouble using the suggested technique on 20 meters.

 Any ideas as to why I'm having problems on 40?

 Jon
 KB1QBZ



 I had no problem using this approach on 20 meters, so I'

 --- On Wed, 4/28/10, Don Wilhelm w3...@embarqmail.com wrote:
 I would recommend setting the power to 30 watts.  Then hold DISPLAY to
 change the metering to ALC - adjust the audio up just to the point where
 there is no ALC indication (adjust until you see ALC bars and then back
 off until there are none).  That should give you a cleaner signal and
 better control of the output level.  Since the gain of the K2 transmit
 chain varies from band to band, you may have to check the audio drive
 level again when changing to a different band.  For further explanation,
 read on.

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[Elecraft] Fw: PR6 6 Meter Preamp Installation

2010-04-28 Thread Ken Kopp



 My PR6 is connected with two 6 BNC - BNC cables.
Connecting it using two double male BNC's seems
like certain damage, sooner or later. (;-)
 
 73! Ken Kopp - K0PP
   elecraftcov...@rfwave.net

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Re: [Elecraft] K2: PSK-31 Power Settings

2010-04-28 Thread Don Wilhelm
Jon,

That sounds like a classic case of RF where it is not supposed to be - 
in other words, first check for RF feedback - lay out a 33 foot piece of 
wire connected only to the K2 at the near end, and insulated at the far 
end.  If the effects decrease, then look to your antenna system for the 
cure to your 40 meter problems.

OTOH, there was a problem with the KPA100 developing parasitic 
oscillations under certain conditions (like high SWR when using an 
auto-tuner like the KAT100), and that parasitic was most prevalent on 40 
meters.  That problem was addressed by the KPA100UPKIT and is included 
on newer KPA100s.  If your KPA100 has blue toroids at L15 and L16, then 
adding the KPA100UPKIT would be a prudent step.  If you have blue 
toroids at L16 and RFC1, then your KPA100 is up to date, and my 
suspicion about the RF Feedback situation is amplified.

The fact that you can use the procedure for adjusting the output level 
on 20 meters says that the method is valid, but you have some sort of 
other situation present on 40.

73,
Don W3FPR

Jon Perelstein wrote:
 Don,

 I'm having trouble with this approach on 40 meters.

 I set the power on the K2 to 30 watts and then adjusted
  the TX volume on the SignaLink as high as I could without getting any ALC 
 reading.  

 When I do that, I essentially have zero power output.  There's no deflection 
 on the
  K2's RF meter and someone who was monitoring my signal said that my signal 
 just dropped off the waterfall.  I have a KAT100 and with these settings the 
 SWR light would not light, indicating that there isn't even enough power out 
 for the KAT100 to measure SWR).

 When I increased the SignaLink TX volume to get a 30 watt reading on the K2's 
 RF indicator, I was getting 2-4 bars of ALC. 

 On my FT-897, the power display when I'm transmitting PSK is fairly steady.  
 On the K2 on 40 meters, it was bouncing all over the place, but that may be a 
 function of how the K2 measures RF power out??

 I had no trouble using the suggested technique on 20 meters.

 Any ideas as to why I'm having problems on 40?

 Jon
 KB1QBZ



 I had no problem using this approach on 20 meters, so I'

 --- On Wed, 4/28/10, Don Wilhelm w3...@embarqmail.com wrote:
 I would recommend setting the power to 30 watts.  Then hold DISPLAY to change 
 the metering to ALC - adjust the audio up just to the point where there is no 
 ALC indication (adjust until you see ALC bars and then back off until there 
 are none).  That should give you a cleaner signal and better control of the 
 output level.  Since the gain of the K2 transmit chain varies from band to 
 band, you may have to check the audio drive level again when changing to a 
 different band.  For further explanation, read on.

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Re: [Elecraft] K2: PSK-31 Power Settings

2010-04-28 Thread Don Wilhelm
Bob,

As I stated in my original reply to Jon, that is not the best solution 
(in fact it can lead to trouble) for any transceiver that controls the 
power output by altering the BFO injection level to the balanced 
modulator ( the K2 does that).  Transceivers that control the output 
*after* the balanced modulator stage will operate nicely as you state, 
but the K2 (and K3) control the output level prior to the balanced 
modulator, and will have trouble if used that way.  Set the power to the 
level that is desired and then adjust the audio for no ALC for digital 
modes.

73,
Don W3FPR

Robert Mcgraw wrote:
 Don etc.

 May I suggest setting the K-2 to maximum output power, say on CW, and
 then adjust the TX level from the Signalink to produce about 30 watts
 output.  Do not change the power level on the K-2.  FYI - This should
 work very satisfactorly for any radio.

 With a PSK signal there will be some variation in output level depending
 on if one is looking at idle data or text data.

 73
 Bob, K4TAX
   

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Re: [Elecraft] K2: PSK-31 Power Settings

2010-04-28 Thread Don Wilhelm
sometimes it pays to read your own posts or errors.
If your KPA100 has blue toroids at L15 and RFC1, then it is the new 
design (and is not the problem source).  OTOH, if the toroids are at L15 
and L16 and have red cores, the KPA100 should be updated with KPA100UPKIT.

73,
Don W3FPR

Jon,

That sounds like a classic case of RF where it is not supposed to be -
in other words, first check for RF feedback - lay out a 33 foot piece of
wire connected only to the K2 at the near end, and insulated at the far
end.  If the effects decrease, then look to your antenna system for the
cure to your 40 meter problems.

OTOH, there was a problem with the KPA100 developing parasitic
oscillations under certain conditions (like high SWR when using an
auto-tuner like the KAT100), and that parasitic was most prevalent on 40
meters.  That problem was addressed by the KPA100UPKIT and is included
on newer KPA100s.  If your KPA100 has blue toroids at L15 and L16, then
adding the KPA100UPKIT would be a prudent step.  If you have blue
toroids at L16 and RFC1, then your KPA100 is up to date, and my
suspicion about the RF Feedback situation is amplified.

The fact that you can use the procedure for adjusting the output level
on 20 meters says that the method is valid, but you have some sort of
other situation present on 40.

73,
Don W3FPR

Jon Perelstein wrote:
 Don,

 I'm having trouble with this approach on 40 meters.

 I set the power on the K2 to 30 watts and then adjusted
  the TX volume on the SignaLink as high as I could without getting any ALC 
 reading.  

 When I do that, I essentially have zero power output.  There's no deflection 
 on the
  K2's RF meter and someone who was monitoring my signal said that my signal 
 just dropped off the waterfall.  I have a KAT100 and with these settings the 
 SWR light would not light, indicating that there isn't even enough power out 
 for the KAT100 to measure SWR).

 When I increased the SignaLink TX volume to get a 30 watt reading on the K2's 
 RF indicator, I was getting 2-4 bars of ALC. 

 On my FT-897, the power display when I'm transmitting PSK is fairly steady.  
 On the K2 on 40 meters, it was bouncing all over the place, but that may be a 
 function of how the K2 measures RF power out??

 I had no trouble using the suggested technique on 20 meters.

 Any ideas as to why I'm having problems on 40?

 Jon
 KB1QBZ



 I had no problem using this approach on 20 meters, so I'

 --- On Wed, 4/28/10, Don Wilhelm w3...@embarqmail.com wrote:
 I would recommend setting the power to 30 watts.  Then hold DISPLAY to change 
 the metering to ALC - adjust the audio up just to the point where there is no 
 ALC indication (adjust until you see ALC bars and then back off until there 
 are none).  That should give you a cleaner signal and better control of the 
 output level.  Since the gain of the K2 transmit chain varies from band to 
 band, you may have to check the audio drive level again when changing to a 
 different band.  For further explanation, read on.

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Re: [Elecraft] W2IHY 8 band equalizer and EQ Plus

2010-04-28 Thread Luis V. Romero
Some quick questions (yeah, I know I said I would stop, but I cant help it,
I want to understand!)

...a Pre-DSP two band audio leveler/AGC and handles for Attack, Decay and
Ratio on the RF Clipper.

That is, prior to Digital Signal Processing, or before analog is converted
to digital.

Where exactly does the input to the TX DSP section (OK, IF section) hit an
ADC?  Where do we move from the Analog domain to the Digital domain?  Where
is the quantizer for the mic input?  Would make sense if it was before the
Clipper, right? 

In your headroom explanation, is there a common instance of microphone ADC
saturation that needs to be reported?  That's a pretty seventh-grade
mistake on Wayne's part if it's true.  (Yeah, I know, the first Hubble
lenses, and the unit snafu on the Mars landers, also very seventh-grade.)

I don't believe that's it at all.  I can punch holes into the audio if I
speak softly then speak loudly.  Sounds to me like there is some kind of
compression happening (that is why I first incorrectly assumed that this
thing used a compressor not a kind of IF/RF Clipper).  What happens is that
the radio grabs the loud syllable and holds off from releasing the gain
reduction for a bit, then recovers.  If you hit it with something loud, then
something soft, you hear the hole.  The decay of whatever is grabbing the
peak is slower than the attack.  There is no overshoot that I can discern
with my ears, as the firmware must be dropping audio into a buffer and
setting the response in kind.  I once heard people complain about delay in
the monitor, I do hear a very slight one.  So there must be a look ahead
buffer that computes the response to the peak.  All I'm saying is that it
would be nice to have a handle on at least the decay, so it can more match
the attack.  Probably cant do that as it would create more delay in the
monitor.  It's a fine line.


What I was suggesting is an AGC funtion before the RF Clipping section
touches the audio waveform.  Something to smooth out the dynamic range of
the audio input so that the DSP processing engine would not have to work so
hard dealing with peaks and valleys and can be let loose some.

Elecraft is already accomplishing envelope leveling and shaping with digital
functions that don't appear to resemble the sledge and wedge of RF clipping
and AF variable band amplifiers. SOME folks get excellent results using the
K3's leveling and shaping processes for TX audio.  I would hate to bring up
RTFM on setting up K3 mic gain and compression, but the manual procedure
does seem to work.


I would like to get a better understanding of the process that is used here.
I do use the manual settings, It does work well, and does sound good, but I
would like to understand what is happening under the hood better so I can
better adapt to what this rig likes to hear, which, to me, is consistent
levels.  My old admittedly analog rig was less picky and had much more room
to play with (when I let it).  Hopefully that is not Elecraft Secret Sauce.


AND, since there is NO analog audio band circuitry in there anywhere, BUT
there ARE banded TX and RX equalizer functions being done in the number
soup, whose gains are being set by NUMBERS we enter in the menu, what makes
us think he hasn't already done something proprietary about banded gain
which he is developing further and is not about to reveal so the competition
can't copy it for free?


This is probably the Secret Sauce I'm talking about.  Are you implying
8-band digital split band processing?


You should have seen the look I got from the oldest one when I asked him if
the audio actually went through all the slide pots on one of those big
digital mixers he was running, the look that says Please don't talk like
that when my friends are around.


That's pretty funny.  On my side, the video side, I was explaining to a
pretty hot non linear editor how we did non-b-roll match frame editing with
timecode on helical composite VTR's and the importance of the color frame
sequence across 4 fields (360 degrees of subcarrier and matching subcarrier
to horizontal sync) so that the picture wouldn't jump at the match frame in
NTSC.  Couldn't understand the process!  Couldn't even begin to understand
true A/B rolls either.  So I know what you mean.


there is no K3 RX AF analog circuit controlled by AF gain.  There is no K3
RX RF analog circuit controlled by RF gain. The AF and RF pot settings are
immediately turned into advice numbers and passed along to the MCU.


Advice in the way of a VCA setting?  Wonder what the granularity is.  It is
an analog pot, so logically we read a voltage and digitize it, then report
it to the MCU.

Thanks for pointing me in the right direction, Guy.  Now I know the probable
true reason for the annoying cant talk to the RX controls while in TX
behavior.  A hybrid Parallel/Serial signal bus.  

I'm afraid I pushed paper from the left side to the right side of a desk for
way too long.  

-lu- 




No virus found in 

Re: [Elecraft] K2: PSK-31 Power Settings

2010-04-28 Thread Bob Cunnings
On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 8:14 PM, Don Wilhelm w3...@embarqmail.com wrote:

 but the K2 (and K3) control the output level prior to the balanced
 modulator, and will have trouble if used that way.  Set the power to the
 level that is desired and then adjust the audio for no ALC for digital
 modes.


Except for the K3 which requires that audio be set for 4-5 bars ALC
for digital modes.

Bob NW8L
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Re: [Elecraft] PR6 6 Meter Preamp Installation

2010-04-28 Thread Terry Schieler
Hi Gary,

 

I certainly considered that, as that's the way I connected my first 6M RX
converter back in 1962.  Parks Electronics made my 6M outboard RX converter
back then, I believe.  My friend Bob Heil, K9EID, got me started on 6M then
and helped me get the Parks converter in line with my Knight Kit R100
receiver.

 

My most recent comment, while not expressed very clearly, was more in line
with making the K3 more compatible with travel, Field Day, DXpeditions, etc.
Whenever I can eliminate cables and outboarded accessories, I feel it to be
a plus.  I began to think about adding the Elecraft 6M preamp to the INSIDE
of the K3 cabinet, in lieu of another unwanted option or two and thus
eliminating extra cables and connectors, not to mention their associated
weak spots.

 

Just grab it and GO!  With all the advantages available for 6M operation
inside the K3 box.

 

Thanks for your reply.  Sorry I wasn't more clear in my post.

 

73,

 

Terry, W0FM

K3/100 #474

 

From: Gary Hvizdak [mailto:garyhviz...@cfl.rr.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, April 28, 2010 8:02 PM
To: terry.schie...@wirelessusa.com
Subject: RE: [Elecraft] PR6 6 Meter Preamp Installation

 

Terry,

 

If you are concerned about the possibility of the pre-amp acting as a
lever on the BNC connectors, then I suggest attaching it via a pair of short
coax cables (perhaps a foot long) instead of the back-to-back male couplers.

 

73,
Gary  KI4GGX

K3 #2724

 

  _  

 

Terry Schieler
mailto:elecraft%40mailman.qth.net?Subject=Re:%20%5BElecraft%5D%20PR6%206%20
Meter%20Preamp%20InstallationIn-Reply-To=%3C013001cae6fe%2463b490a0%242b1db
1e0%24%40schieler%40wirelessusa.com%3E  
Wed Apr 28 14:12:40 EDT 2010 

 

KL7UW Wrote:  I installed an ARR P50VDG preamp on the back side of my K3/10
using preamp in/out connectors on the KVX3.
photo: http://www.kl7uw.com/K3-ARR-6mPreamp.jpg
http://www.kl7uw.com/K3-ARR-6mPreamp.jpg%22 
 
The photo of Ed's preamp on the back of his K3 looks like a very sturdy
mount.  But my K3/100 has fans and heat sinks on the rear, so solidly
attaching a 6M preamp via Ed's approach is not an easy undertaking.
 
Therefore, my PR6 Elecraft 6M preamp is attached with the recommended
back-to-back BNC connectors (no cables).  This installation results in the
amp sticking straight out the back of rig.  That concerns me because when I
need to shift my K3 or move items around it, I can tell that there is stress
on the preamp's BNC connectors and I can visualize them failing at some
point.
 
Which brings me (finally) to my question:  Since there is room inside the K3
for a second receiver and a 2M transverter, could there be a way to install
the PR6 (or similar 6M preamp circuit) *inside* the K3?  This would greatly
simplify packing for Field Day and other portable operations.  If this has
been addressed before I cannot find a reference to it.  Any ideas?
 
Terry, W0FM
K3/100 #474
 
 
 

 

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Re: [Elecraft] K2: PSK-31 Power Settings

2010-04-28 Thread Brett Howard
4-5 bars of ALC is essentially the point where the ALC will begin to
engage and is thus the same thing as what Don is referring to.

~Brett

On Wed, 2010-04-28 at 21:52 -0600, Bob Cunnings wrote:
 On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 8:14 PM, Don Wilhelm w3...@embarqmail.com wrote:
 
  but the K2 (and K3) control the output level prior to the balanced
  modulator, and will have trouble if used that way.  Set the power to the
  level that is desired and then adjust the audio for no ALC for digital
  modes.
 
 
 Except for the K3 which requires that audio be set for 4-5 bars ALC
 for digital modes.
 
 Bob NW8L
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Re: [Elecraft] W2IHY 8 band equalizer and EQ Plus

2010-04-28 Thread Don Wilhelm
Lu,

I don't know if it is my email client or your responses, but I cannot 
make much sense of your in-line questions/comments.
Please ask your questions in plain English in a single coherent 
statement.  combing through a bunch of things trunchated by blue bars on 
my email client is totally confusing.

Sorry if I am being an old 'fuddy-duddy', but I simply cannot readily 
see which are your questions and which are the things you are referring 
to.  Concise questions please.

73,
Don W3FPR

Luis V. Romero wrote:
 Some quick questions (yeah, I know I said I would stop, but I cant help it,
 I want to understand!)

   
 ...a Pre-DSP two band audio leveler/AGC and handles for Attack, Decay and
 
 Ratio on the RF Clipper.
   
 That is, prior to Digital Signal Processing, or before analog is converted
 
 to digital.

 Where exactly does the input to the TX DSP section (OK, IF section) hit an
 ADC?  Where do we move from the Analog domain to the Digital domain?  Where
 is the quantizer for the mic input?  Would make sense if it was before the
 Clipper, right? 

   
 In your headroom explanation, is there a common instance of microphone ADC
 
 saturation that needs to be reported?  That's a pretty seventh-grade
 mistake on Wayne's part if it's true.  (Yeah, I know, the first Hubble
 lenses, and the unit snafu on the Mars landers, also very seventh-grade.)

 I don't believe that's it at all.  I can punch holes into the audio if I
 speak softly then speak loudly.  Sounds to me like there is some kind of
 compression happening (that is why I first incorrectly assumed that this
 thing used a compressor not a kind of IF/RF Clipper).  What happens is that
 the radio grabs the loud syllable and holds off from releasing the gain
 reduction for a bit, then recovers.  If you hit it with something loud, then
 something soft, you hear the hole.  The decay of whatever is grabbing the
 peak is slower than the attack.  There is no overshoot that I can discern
 with my ears, as the firmware must be dropping audio into a buffer and
 setting the response in kind.  I once heard people complain about delay in
 the monitor, I do hear a very slight one.  So there must be a look ahead
 buffer that computes the response to the peak.  All I'm saying is that it
 would be nice to have a handle on at least the decay, so it can more match
 the attack.  Probably cant do that as it would create more delay in the
 monitor.  It's a fine line.

   
 What I was suggesting is an AGC funtion before the RF Clipping section
 touches the audio waveform.  Something to smooth out the dynamic range of
 the audio input so that the DSP processing engine would not have to work so
 hard dealing with peaks and valleys and can be let loose some.

 Elecraft is already accomplishing envelope leveling and shaping with digital
 functions that don't appear to resemble the sledge and wedge of RF clipping
 and AF variable band amplifiers. SOME folks get excellent results using the
 K3's leveling and shaping processes for TX audio.  I would hate to bring up
 RTFM on setting up K3 mic gain and compression, but the manual procedure
 does seem to work.
   

 I would like to get a better understanding of the process that is used here.
 I do use the manual settings, It does work well, and does sound good, but I
 would like to understand what is happening under the hood better so I can
 better adapt to what this rig likes to hear, which, to me, is consistent
 levels.  My old admittedly analog rig was less picky and had much more room
 to play with (when I let it).  Hopefully that is not Elecraft Secret Sauce.

   
 AND, since there is NO analog audio band circuitry in there anywhere, BUT
 there ARE banded TX and RX equalizer functions being done in the number
 soup, whose gains are being set by NUMBERS we enter in the menu, what makes
 us think he hasn't already done something proprietary about banded gain
 which he is developing further and is not about to reveal so the competition
 can't copy it for free?
   

 This is probably the Secret Sauce I'm talking about.  Are you implying
 8-band digital split band processing?

   
 You should have seen the look I got from the oldest one when I asked him if
 the audio actually went through all the slide pots on one of those big
 digital mixers he was running, the look that says Please don't talk like
 that when my friends are around.
   

 That's pretty funny.  On my side, the video side, I was explaining to a
 pretty hot non linear editor how we did non-b-roll match frame editing with
 timecode on helical composite VTR's and the importance of the color frame
 sequence across 4 fields (360 degrees of subcarrier and matching subcarrier
 to horizontal sync) so that the picture wouldn't jump at the match frame in
 NTSC.  Couldn't understand the process!  Couldn't even begin to understand
 true A/B rolls either.  So I know what you mean.

   

 
 there is no K3 RX AF analog circuit controlled by AF gain.  There is 

Re: [Elecraft] K2: PSK-31 Power Settings

2010-04-28 Thread Don Wilhelm
Bob,

I thought I explained that the K3 ALC meter is like a VU meter for the 
first 4 bars - the ALC indication starts at the 5th bar.

73,
Don W3FPR

Bob Cunnings wrote:
 On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 8:14 PM, Don Wilhelm w3...@embarqmail.com wrote:

   
 but the K2 (and K3) control the output level prior to the balanced
 modulator, and will have trouble if used that way.  Set the power to the
 level that is desired and then adjust the audio for no ALC for digital
 modes.

 

 Except for the K3 which requires that audio be set for 4-5 bars ALC
 for digital modes.

 Bob NW8L
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Re: [Elecraft] K2: PSK-31 Power Settings

2010-04-28 Thread Bob Cunnings
Sorry, now I see that you did, in an earlier post. The context was
lost (trimmed away) by the time the statement quoted below was made,
so I took it at face value. I only remarked on this because the advice
for any other rig in the world is to set audio for very little or no
ALC indication.  The requirement that the K3 be set for 4-5 bars of
ALC has been a source of confusion for digital mode setup since the
beginning, as a search of the archives will reveal.

Bob NW8L

On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 11:10 PM, Don Wilhelm w3...@embarqmail.com wrote:
 Bob,

 I thought I explained that the K3 ALC meter is like a VU meter for the
 first 4 bars - the ALC indication starts at the 5th bar.

 73,
 Don W3FPR

 Bob Cunnings wrote:

 On Wed, Apr 28, 2010 at 8:14 PM, Don Wilhelm w3...@embarqmail.com wrote:



 but the K2 (and K3) control the output level prior to the balanced
 modulator, and will have trouble if used that way.  Set the power to the
 level that is desired and then adjust the audio for no ALC for digital
 modes.



 Except for the K3 which requires that audio be set for 4-5 bars ALC
 for digital modes.

 Bob NW8L
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