SyntaxError: invalid syntax

[DIBS]

I'm new to Python and I don't understand what I'm doing wrong.

I'm running windows xp.

In the command line window, I type:
Python Sudoku.py

and I get the response"

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

If anyone cane help me I'd be very grateful. 


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problems with libxml2dom

[ankit]

Hi,
I am working with libxml2dom package for having DOM support with
libxml2.
There are some test examples are given along with the package  but when
I try to run that, it gives me following error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "namespaces.py", line 23, in ?
document = libxml2dom.parse("test_ns.xml")
  File "/usr/lib/python2.2/site-packages/libxml2dom/__init__.py", line
472, in parse
return parseFile(stream_or_string, html)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.2/site-packages/libxml2dom/__init__.py", line
484, in parseFile
return Document(Node_parseFile(filename, html))
  File
"/usr/lib/python2.2/site-packages/libxml2dom/macrolib/macrolib.py",
line 431, in parseFile
libxml2mod.xmlCtxtUseOptions(context, XML_PARSE_NOERROR |
XML_PARSE_NOWARNING | XML_PARSE_NONET)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'xmlCtxtUseOptions'

This error comes to all that examples where libxml2dom.parse() is get
called.

Is there something wrong with the package OR I am wrong somewhere .

please let me know.

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problem with libxml2dom

[ankit]

Hi
I am using libxml2dom package for DOM support in libxml2. There are
some test programs in the package when I try to run that samples it
give me following error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "prettyprint.py", line 7, in ?
d = libxml2dom.parse(sys.argv[1])
  File "/usr/lib/python2.2/site-packages/libxml2dom/__init__.py", line
472, in parse
return parseFile(stream_or_string, html)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.2/site-packages/libxml2dom/__init__.py", line
484, in parseFile
return Document(Node_parseFile(filename, html))
  File
"/usr/lib/python2.2/site-packages/libxml2dom/macrolib/macrolib.py",
line 431, in parseFile
libxml2mod.xmlCtxtUseOptions(context, XML_PARSE_NOERROR |
XML_PARSE_NOWARNING | XML_PARSE_NONET)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'xmlCtxtUseOptions'

This error comes to all that examples where libxml2dom.parse() is
called.


Please help me and let me know how to solve this.

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MySQLdb Python API: Unable to connect

[Mondal]

Hi,

I am using MySQL 5.0 beta and Active Python 2.4. I have the correct
version of MySQLdb installed. The problem is that I can't connect to
MySQL through the Active Python interactive window.

Here is a sample error:

>>> c=MySQLdb.Connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='',db='shop',port=330­6)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in ?
  File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\__init__.py", line 66, in

Connect
return Connection(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line
134, in __init__
super(Connection, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs2)
OperationalError: (2003, "Can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost'
(10061)")

Please look at the penultimate line again. Here the self argument is
placed second to Connection argument. So I reversed their position. But
the problem persists.


Here is a sample:



>>> c=MySQLdb.Connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='',db='shop',port=330­6)


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in ?
  File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\__init__.py", line 66, in

Connect
return Connection(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line
134, in __init__MyM
super(self,Connection).__init__(*args, **kwargs2)
OperationalError: (2003, "Can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost'
(10061)")

What is happening?


Thanks in advance for any help 


Regards 
Mondal

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Re: Windows and python execution

[Tim Roberts]

Mark Carter <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>rzed wrote:
>> Mark Carter <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in
>> news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]: 
>> 
>> 
>>>What I would like to do it type something like
>>>
myscript.py
>>>
>>>instead of
>>>
python myscript.py
>
>> As another poster points out, be sure that your Python is on your 
>> path. 
>> 
>> And there is a PATHEXT environment variable, 
>
>Aha. You'bve provided a significant clue.
>
>What you need to do is include the following line in autoexec.bat:
>set .py=c:\python24\python.exe
>
>This will achieve the desired result. I'm suprised more people don't use it.

They don't use it, because it doesn't do anything.  I'd be interested to
know where you read that.

What the OP needs is this:

   assoc .py=Python.File
   ftype Python.File="c:\Apps\Python24\python.exe" "%1" "%*"
   assoc .pyw=Python.NoConFile
   ftype Python.NoConFile="c:\Apps\Python24\pythonw.exe" "%1" "%*"

Substitute your own Python path.

The Python .msi installer DOES do this, if you let it do its default thing.
You should check whether these are already set up, by doing this:

   assoc .py
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Plone Setup on Https

[madhusudand]

Hi Gays,

I have setup plone , its workingon port 8080 , now i need to plone work
on secure layer, ie on https, my apache is configure ssl and localhost
is also working on https , but plone is not working

Any ideas how to setup on https plone

Madhu

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Re: help with lists and writing to file in correct order

[bonono]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> sorry for asking such beginner questions but i tried this and nothing
> wrote to my text file
>
> for food, price, store in bs(food, price, store):
>   out = open("test.txt", 'a')
>   out.write (food + price + store)
>   out.close()
>
>
> while if i write the following without the for i at least get
> something?
> out = open("test.txt", 'a')
> out.write (food + price + store)
> out.close()
>
pull the open() and close() call out of the loop. And use some other
name for the variables as they are very confusing and could be error
prone to.

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Re: email package and line ending

[Tim Roberts]

Manlio Perillo <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>The problem is this code:
>
> >>> import email.Message
> >>> msg = email.Message.Message()
> >>> msg["subject"] = "email bug"
> >>> msg["from"] = "Manlio Perillo"
> >>> print repr(msg.as_string())
>'subject: email bug\nfrom: Manlio Perillo\n\n'
>
>Why line ending is '\n' and not '\r\n' ?
>RFC 2822 says that the delimiter must(?) be '\r\n'.

Because all you have there is a string.  It doesn't have anything to do
with RFC 2822.  \n is probably the safest cross-platform way to represent a
newline in a Python string.

Note that smtplib, which DOES have to worry abouot RFC 2822 compliance,
will replace all standalone \r and \n characters with \r\n.

>email.Header has a bug:
>
>this code causes an infinite recursion:
>
> >>> from email.Header import Header
> >>> h = Header('multiline header', 'iso-8859-1', maxlinelen=4)
> >>> e.encode()

I'm not sure I would call that a bug.  I'd call that a usage error; you've
asked it to accomplish something that cannot be done.  However, it is true
that _split has enough information to diagnose this.
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Re: how-to POST form data to ASP pages?

[Mike Meyer]

"livin"  writes:
> I need to post form data to an ASP page that looks like this on the page 
> itself...
>  align='absmiddle' width=16 height=16 title='Off'> value='Image' name='Action'>
> I've been trying this but I get a syntax error...
>   params = urllib.urlencode({'hidden': 'hs.ExecX10ByName "Kitchen 
> Espresso Machine", "On", 100'})
>   urllib.urlopen("http://192.168.1.11:80/hact/kitchen.asp";, params)

urlencode doesn't care about the type of the input element (or that
the page is ASP), just the name/value pairs. You want:

   params = urllib.urlencode({'Action': 'Image', ...})

The provided HTML doesn't say what the name of the second hidden input
field is. It's not at all clear what should be passed to the server in
this case.

It looks like you tried to break a string across a line boundary, but
that may be your posting  software. If you did, then that's what's
generating a syntax error, and a good indication that you should try
reading the tutorial.

  http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/
Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information.
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Re: help with lists and writing to file in correct order

[homepricemaps]

sorry for asking such beginner questions but i tried this and nothing
wrote to my text file

for food, price, store in bs(food, price, store):
out = open("test.txt", 'a')
out.write (food + price + store)
out.close()


while if i write the following without the for i at least get
something?
out = open("test.txt", 'a')
out.write (food + price + store)
out.close()


Scott David Daniels wrote:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> > the problem with writing to teh file immidiately is that it ends up
> > writing all food items together, and then all store items and then all
> > prices
> >
> > i want
> >
> > food, store, price
> > food, store, price
> >
> Well, if it all fits in memory, append each to its own list, and then
> either finally if you can or periodically if you must:
>
>  for food, store, price in zip(foods, stores, prices):
>  
> 
> -- 
> -Scott David Daniels
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]

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Re: __slots__ and copy again: why does it work?

[fortepianissimo]

To be complete, the first code snippet, when modified as follows, works
fine in Python 2.4.2:

--- START ---
#!/usr/bin/env python

import copy

class Foo (object):
  __slots__ = ('i', )

  def __init__ (self):
self.i = 10

class Bar (Foo):
  __slots__ = ('j', )

  def __init__ (self):
super(Bar, self).__init__()
self.j = 20

f1 = Foo()
f2 = copy.copy(f1)

print f2.i   # works

b1 = Bar()
b2 = copy.copy(b1)

print b2.j   # works
print b2.i   # works
--- END ---

The last line didn't work last time because b2.i was never initialized.

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Re: __slots__ and copy again: why does it work?

[limodou]

26 Dec 2005 20:33:35 -0800, fortepianissimo <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
> Mystery solved - when there's only one slot I should've used __slots__
> = ('i', ). Duh!
>
> So in short, __slots__ and copy.copy() work fine in Python 2.4.2.
>
Hard works, but very useful :)


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Re: __slots__ and copy again: why does it work?

[fortepianissimo]

Mystery solved - when there's only one slot I should've used __slots__
= ('i', ). Duh!

So in short, __slots__ and copy.copy() work fine in Python 2.4.2.

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Re: help with lists and writing to file in correct order

[Scott David Daniels]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> the problem with writing to teh file immidiately is that it ends up
> writing all food items together, and then all store items and then all
> prices
> 
> i want
> 
> food, store, price
> food, store, price
> 
Well, if it all fits in memory, append each to its own list, and then
either finally if you can or periodically if you must:

 for food, store, price in zip(foods, stores, prices):
 

-- 
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[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Re: Hypergeometric distribution

[Alex Martelli]

Raven <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Hi to all, I need to calculate the hpergeometric distribution:
> 
> 
>choose(r, x) * choose(b, n-x)
> p(x; r,b,n) =  -
>choose(r+b, n)
> 
> choose(r,x) is the binomial coefficient
> I use the factorial to calculate the above formula but since I am using
> large numbers, the result of choose(a,b) (ie: the binomial coefficient)
> is too big even for large int. I've tried the scipy library, but this
> library calculates
> the hypergeometric using the factorials too, so the problem subsist. Is
> there any other libray or an algorithm to calculate
> the hypergeometric distribution? The statistical package R can handle
> such calculations but I don't want to use python R binding since I want
> a standalone app.

Have you tried with gmpy?


Alex
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Re: build curiosities of svn head (on WinXP)

[David Murmann]

David Murmann schrieb:
> i will try building 2.4.2 with nant later and see what that does...
> 

FYI i did this now and it worked fine, all tests passed.
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Re: help with lists and writing to file in correct order

[homepricemaps]

the problem with writing to teh file immidiately is that it ends up
writing all food items together, and then all store items and then all
prices

i want

food, store, price
food, store, price

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Re: build curiosities of svn head (on WinXP)

[David Murmann]

Fredrik Lundh schrieb:
> try setting the locale (via the locale module) from the interactive prompt,
> and see if Python still handles floating point values correctly.
> 

well, it does not:

>>> import locale
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
'German_Germany.1252'
>>> 3.141592
3.0

so this is where the problem has to be, but i am still not sure what to do
about this. is this a problem with my configuration, with my build or
with python?

i tried changing my windows configuration to use '.' as the decimal point,
after which the above worked as expected, but the test suite still fails
on some tests (audioop, binop, bisect, difflib, doctest, xdrlib fail and
colorsys still hangs). surely my workaround is no general solution and
it doesn't even work, so there has to be a problem somewhere else.

also note that some of these tests (all except difflib and doctest) pass,
if i change them in any way (like adding insignificant whitespace) and run
them alone.

thanks for the help, David.
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Re: python coding contest

[Scott David Daniels]

Remi Villatel wrote:
> Tim Hochberg wrote:
> 
>>> I am currently at 39 bytes following the requirements and the 
>>> principle given above (my module passes the test). Anyone able to 
>>> beat that?
> 
>> Wow! It'll be interesting to see how to do that. The obvious way gives 
>> 53 bytes. Hmmm, I'll have to see what can be done...
> 
> 39 bytes... 53 bytes... It gives me the impression to follow a jet plane 
> with a bike with my 179 bytes!
> 
> There isn't a single superfluous byte. My code is so compressed that the 
> syntactic colorizer can't cope any more.
> 
> I definitively need a new algorythm. 
> 
And I am sadly stuck at 169.  Not even spitting distance from 149 (which
sounds like a non-cheat version).

--Scott David Daniels
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Re: XPath-like filtering for ElementTree

[Jean-Paul Calderone]

On 26 Dec 2005 15:42:56 -0800, Gerard Flanagan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>Pseudo-XPath support for ElementTree with the emphasis on 'Pseudo'.
>
>http://gflanagan.net/site/python/pagliacci/ElementFilter.html
>
> [snip]
>
>ns = "xmlns1"
>path = r"{%s}To/[EMAIL PROTECTED]'Mrs Jones' and @test==3]" %
>(ns,ns)

How about promoting the query to a set of Python objects?  eg,

path = Query(
ns.xmlns1.To / ns.xmlns1.mailto['name': 'Mrs Jones',
'test': '3'])

That's just off the top of my head as an example of the kind of thing 
I mean.  There is probably a better (more consistent, flexible, easier 
to read, etc) spelling possible.

The advantages of this over strings is that you can break the query up 
into multiple pieces, pass parts of it around as real, live objects with 
introspectable APIs, allow for mutation of portions of the query, 
re-arrange it, etc.  All this is possible with strings too, just way 
harder :)

Jean-Paul
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Re: help with lists and writing to file in correct order

[homepricemaps]

here is the write part:

out = open("test.txt", 'a')
out.write (store+ food+ price + "\n")
out.close()


Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Mon, 26 Dec 2005 17:44:43 -0800, homepricemaps wrote:
>
> > sorry guys, here is the code
> >
> > for incident in bs('a',  {'class' : 'price'}):
> > price = ""
> > for oText in incident.fetchText( oRE):
> >   price += oText.strip() + "','"
> >
> > for incident in bs('div',  {'class' : 'store'}):
> > store = ""
> > for oText in incident.fetchText( oRE):
> > store += oText.strip() + "','"
> >
> > for incident in bs('h2',  {'id' : 'food'}):
> >   food = ""
> >   for oText in incident.fetchText( oRE):
> > food += oText.strip() + "','"
>
>
> This is hardly all your code -- where is the part where you actually
> *write* something to the file? The problem is you are writing the same
> store and food to the file over and over again. After you have collected
> one line of store/food, you must write it to the file immediately, or at
> least save it in a list so you can write the lot at the end.
> 
> 
> -- 
> Steven.

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Re: __slots__ and copy again: why does it work?

[fortepianissimo]

More weird observations: the following code does not work until you
change the name of the member 'longer' to a one-char name, for example,
'j':


--- START ---
#!/usr/bin/env python

import copy


class Foo (object):
  __slots__ = 'i'


class Bar (Foo):
  __slots__ = 'longer'
  #__slots__ = 'j'


b1 = Bar()
b1.longer = 22
#b1.j = 22

b2 = copy.copy(b1)


# doesn't work in Python 2.4.2
# BUT if 'longer' is changed to 'j' in the entire file, then it works!
print b2.longer
#print b2.j

--- END ---


I've tried different names and concluded that as long as I used one
character the code works. Anything longer than one character bombs.

Why?

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how-to POST form data to ASP pages?

[livin]

I need to post form data to an ASP page that looks like this on the page 
itself...



I've been trying this but I get a syntax error...
  params = urllib.urlencode({'hidden': 'hs.ExecX10ByName "Kitchen 
Espresso Machine", "On", 100'})
  urllib.urlopen("http://192.168.1.11:80/hact/kitchen.asp";, params)

Can someone help out and validate I'm on the right/wrong track and help with 
the syntax?

thanks!




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Re: python coding contest

[Christian Tismer]

Remi Villatel wrote:

> 39 bytes... 53 bytes... It gives me the impression to follow a jet plane 
> with a bike with my 179 bytes!
> 
> There isn't a single superfluous byte. My code is so compressed that the 
> syntactic colorizer can't cope any more.
> 
> I definitively need a new algorythm. 

You need a more careful reading algorithm.
We were talking about cheating by imports :-)

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Re: python coding contest

[Remi Villatel]

Tim Hochberg wrote:

>> I am currently at 39 bytes following the requirements and the 
>> principle given above (my module passes the test). Anyone able to beat 
>> that?

> Wow! It'll be interesting to see how to do that. The obvious way gives 
> 53 bytes. Hmmm, I'll have to see what can be done...

39 bytes... 53 bytes... It gives me the impression to follow a jet plane 
with a bike with my 179 bytes!

There isn't a single superfluous byte. My code is so compressed that the 
syntactic colorizer can't cope any more.

I definitively need a new algorythm. 

-- 
==
Remi Villatel
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
==
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Re: help with lists and writing to file in correct order

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Mon, 26 Dec 2005 17:44:43 -0800, homepricemaps wrote:

> sorry guys, here is the code
> 
> for incident in bs('a',  {'class' : 'price'}):
> price = ""
> for oText in incident.fetchText( oRE):
>   price += oText.strip() + "','"
> 
> for incident in bs('div',  {'class' : 'store'}):
> store = ""
> for oText in incident.fetchText( oRE):
> store += oText.strip() + "','"
> 
> for incident in bs('h2',  {'id' : 'food'}):
>   food = ""
>   for oText in incident.fetchText( oRE):
> food += oText.strip() + "','"


This is hardly all your code -- where is the part where you actually
*write* something to the file? The problem is you are writing the same
store and food to the file over and over again. After you have collected
one line of store/food, you must write it to the file immediately, or at
least save it in a list so you can write the lot at the end.


-- 
Steven.

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Re: python coding contest

[Justin Azoff]

Tim Hochberg wrote:
> In the 130's is definately possible, but I haven't heard of anyone doing
> better than that.

I have a version that is 127, but only if you strip extra whitespace
:-(

-- 
- Justin

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Re: help with lists and writing to file in correct order

[homepricemaps]

sorry guys, here is the code

for incident in bs('a',  {'class' : 'price'}):
price = ""
for oText in incident.fetchText( oRE):
  price += oText.strip() + "','"

for incident in bs('div',  {'class' : 'store'}):
store = ""
for oText in incident.fetchText( oRE):
store += oText.strip() + "','"

for incident in bs('h2',  {'id' : 'food'}):
  food = ""
  for oText in incident.fetchText( oRE):
food += oText.strip() + "','"

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Re: help with lists and writing to file in correct order

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Mon, 26 Dec 2005 13:54:37 -0800, homepricemaps wrote:

> hey folks,
> 
> have a logic question for you.  appreciate the help in advance.
> 
> i am scraping 3 pieces of information from the html namely the food
> name , store name and price.  and i am doing this for many different
> food items found ni the html including pizza, burgers, fries etc.  what
> i want is to write out to a text file in the following order:
> 
> pizza, pizza hut, 3.00
> burgers, burger king, 4.00
> noodles, panda inn, 2.00
> 
> html is below.  does anyone have good recommendation for how to setup
> the code in such a manner where it writes to the text file in th order
> listed previously?  any attempt i have made seems to write to the file
> like this
> 
> noodles, panda inn, 3
> noodles, panda inn, 4
> noodles, panda inn, 2

Instead of posting the HTML, how about if you post your code? Unless we
see your code, how do you expect us to find the bug in it?



-- 
Steven.

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Re: Hypergeometric distribution

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Mon, 26 Dec 2005 12:18:55 -0800, Raven wrote:

> Hi to all, I need to calculate the hpergeometric distribution:
> 
> 
>choose(r, x) * choose(b, n-x)
> p(x; r,b,n) =  -
>choose(r+b, n)
> 
> choose(r,x) is the binomial coefficient
> I use the factorial to calculate the above formula but since I am using
> large numbers, the result of choose(a,b) (ie: the binomial coefficient)
> is too big even for large int.

Are you sure about that? Python long ints can be as big as you have enough
memory for. My Python can print 10L**1 to the console with a barely
detectable pause, and 10L**10 with about a ten second delay. (Most of
that delay is printing it, not calculating it.)

25206 is the first integer whose factorial exceeds 10L**10, so even if
you are calculating the binomial coefficient using the most naive
algorithm, calculating the factorials and dividing, you should easily be
able to generate it for a,b up to 20,000 unless you have a severe
shortage of memory.

> I've tried the scipy library, but this
> library calculates
> the hypergeometric using the factorials too, so the problem subsist.

What exactly is your problem? What values of hypergeometric(x; r,b,n) fail
for you?



-- 
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Re: python coding contest

[Tim Hochberg]

Tim Hochberg wrote:
[CHOP]
> 
> import test;seven_seg=test.test_vectors.get
> 
> This works if you run test. It fails if you try to run it standalone 
> since the import order is wrong.
[CHOP]

Or maybe not. An earlier version did, but this one seems OK.

-tim

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Re: python coding contest

[Christian Tismer]

Tim Hochberg wrote:

> import test;seven_seg=test.test_vectors.get

Oupps, good   (being blinded after all the other from imports
and __import__(...) )

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Re: python coding contest

[Tim Hochberg]

Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Mon, 26 Dec 2005 13:33:42 -0700, Tim Hochberg wrote:
> 
> 
>>Claudio Grondi wrote:
> 
> 
>>>I am currently at 39 bytes following the requirements and the principle 
>>>given above (my module passes the test). Anyone able to beat that?
>>
>>Wow! It'll be interesting to see how to do that. The obvious way gives 
>>53 bytes. Hmmm, I'll have to see what can be done...
> 
> 
> OBVIOUS???

Your misinterpreting me here. I meant the obvious way to cheat as 
Claudio describes above. I don't actually think that kind of cheating 
will work, since it relies on test_vectors.py being present and it 
assumes that the test vectors used for checking the program are the same 
as those in test_vectors.py. The documentation suggests that the later 
at least is not likely. I still haven't figured out how he manages to 
get his cheating one so short though, the smallest I can get is 43 
characters and it looks like this:

import test;seven_seg=test.test_vectors.get

This works if you run test. It fails if you try to run it standalone 
since the import order is wrong.


> 
> The only algorithm obvious to me came to two lines and about 300
> characters with all the pruning I could come up with. Changing algorithms
> made it longer. I am finding it hard enough to credit that half a dozen
> people are claiming lengths of around 130-180 characters -- 39 or 53 bytes
> just seems physically impossible to me, especially given that nine of
> those bytes are the name of the function!

In the 130's is definately possible, but I haven't heard of anyone doing 
better than that.

> 
> The identity function seven_seg=lambda s:s takes 20 bytes and does
> nothing. That leaves NINETEEN bytes to implement the functionality. In the
> immortal words of Bill and Ted: "No way dude!"
> 
> You excellent dudes are righteously bodacious!

Nah.

-tim

> 
> 

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Re: python coding contest

[Christian Tismer]

Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Mon, 26 Dec 2005 13:33:42 -0700, Tim Hochberg wrote:
> 
>> Claudio Grondi wrote:
> 
>>> I am currently at 39 bytes following the requirements and the principle 
>>> given above (my module passes the test). Anyone able to beat that?
>> Wow! It'll be interesting to see how to do that. The obvious way gives 
>> 53 bytes. Hmmm, I'll have to see what can be done...
> 
> OBVIOUS???

The obvious way seems to be to import the test_vectors.py file,
which gives me

import test_vectors as x;seven_seg=x.test_vectors.get

as one possible "obvious" solution with 53 chars.

But
from test_vectors import*;seven_seg=test_vectors.get
has only 52.

And if you observe that their "test.py" file already does
all the imports we want, you can get to

from test import*;seven_seg=test_vectors.get
with 44 chars.

But I simply cant see how to get below that.
And I think this is not the wanted solution at all,
which is why I have no problem posting it here :-)

ciao - chris
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Re: Beautiful Python

[rbt]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Gekitsuu wrote:
>> I've been reading a lot of python modules lately to see how they work
>> and I've stumbled across something that's sort of annoying and wanted
>> to find out of there was a good reason behind it. In a Perl program
>> when you're calling other modules you'll add "use" statements at the
>> beginning of your script like:
>>
>> use strict;
>> use WWW::Mechanize;
>> use CGI;
>>
>> This seems to be the de facto standard in the Perl community but in
>> python it seems most of the code I look at has import statements
>> everywhere in the code. Is there a sound reason for putting the imports
>> there are are developers just loading modules in as they need them. I
>> own Damian Conway's book of Perl Best Practices and it seems from a
>> maintainability standpoint  that having all the modules declared at the
>> beginning would make it easier for someone coming behind you to see
>> what other modules they need to use yours. Being new I didn't know if
>> there was a performance reason for doing this or it is simply a common
>> habit of developers.
> 
> 
> Without taking anything away from other posts responding to your
> question, the first response perhaps should have been:
> 
> "Imports are always put at the top of the file, just after
>  any module comments and docstrings, and before module
>  globals and constants."
> 
> Which is the "official" Python style guide, PEP 0008, at
> http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0008.html
> and basically a reflection of Guido's own recommendations.

I've always done it this way (import at the top in alphabetical order 
with standard modules before add-in modules). The one exception is that 
at times I use imports to make sure that certain modules are indeed 
installed. For example, when I must have win32 modules I import like this:

import os
import sys
import time

try:
 import win32api
except ImportError:
 print "The win32 extensions must be installed!"
 sys.exit()

> 
> There are reasons to break almost any rule sometimes(*), but I think
> you were asking whether there IS a rule -- which is an insightful,
> worthy question if you've been looking at code which begs it.
> 
> -Bill
> 
> 
> (*) PEP 0008 itself says, even before it lays out any rules,
> "know when to be inconsistent".
> 
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Re: python coding contest

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Mon, 26 Dec 2005 13:33:42 -0700, Tim Hochberg wrote:

> Claudio Grondi wrote:

>> I am currently at 39 bytes following the requirements and the principle 
>> given above (my module passes the test). Anyone able to beat that?
> 
> Wow! It'll be interesting to see how to do that. The obvious way gives 
> 53 bytes. Hmmm, I'll have to see what can be done...

OBVIOUS???

The only algorithm obvious to me came to two lines and about 300
characters with all the pruning I could come up with. Changing algorithms
made it longer. I am finding it hard enough to credit that half a dozen
people are claiming lengths of around 130-180 characters -- 39 or 53 bytes
just seems physically impossible to me, especially given that nine of
those bytes are the name of the function!

The identity function seven_seg=lambda s:s takes 20 bytes and does
nothing. That leaves NINETEEN bytes to implement the functionality. In the
immortal words of Bill and Ted: "No way dude!"

You excellent dudes are righteously bodacious!


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Re: closing stdin, stdout and stderr

[Martijn Brouwer]

On Mon, 2005-12-26 at 23:15 +, Robin Becker wrote:
> Robin Becker wrote:
> > Martijn Brouwer wrote:
> > 
> >> I am writing a unix daemon in python, so I want to close stdin, stdout
> >> and stderr.
> >> My first attempt was to the standard file descriptors using their
> >> close() methods. After closing stdout, I could not print anymore, so
> >> this seemed to work. However, later I noticed that they were not really
> >> closed. When I close them using os.close(), it did work.
> >> What is the difference between these two methods and what is the reason
> >> behind it? It took me a day to find out why I could not log out after
> >> starting the daemon.
> >>
> >> Martijn
> >>
> >>
> >>
> > I've had excellent results with variants of the cookbook entry at
> > 
> > http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/278731
> > 
> but perhaps you're using a non unix OS, which will make that recipe wrong.

Well, I am writing a unix daemon ;)

Martijn


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Re: closing stdin, stdout and stderr

[Martijn Brouwer]

On Mon, 2005-12-26 at 23:13 +, Robin Becker wrote:
> Martijn Brouwer wrote:
> > I am writing a unix daemon in python, so I want to close stdin, stdout
> > and stderr.
> > My first attempt was to the standard file descriptors using their
> > close() methods. After closing stdout, I could not print anymore, so
> > this seemed to work. However, later I noticed that they were not really
> > closed. When I close them using os.close(), it did work.
> > What is the difference between these two methods and what is the reason
> > behind it? It took me a day to find out why I could not log out after
> > starting the daemon.
> > 
> > Martijn
> > 
> > 
> > 
> I've had excellent results with variants of the cookbook entry at
> 
> http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/278731
> 

I read this one, which was the reason that I tried os.close instead of
sys.stdXXX.close(). But I would like to know why it does not close a
file discriptor is I call its close method().


Martijn

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Re: Indentation/whitespace

[James Tanis]

On 26 Dec 2005 04:10:11 -0800, [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > i think you can't call an editor python capable unless it
> > shows you clearly hard (yuck)or soft tabs like View /
> > Show Invisibles in textmate, View / view whitespace in
> > komodo.
>
> Zeus for Windows has this View / View whitespace feature:
>

I personally don't care to see it, I'd rather it just did the soft ->
hard conversion for me so I don't have to worry about it. Thats
assuming hard tabs is defined as actual spaces rather then a tab
character. If I'm getting those mixed up, switch 'em around or
whatever. I find true tabs to be very annoying since different
editors/programs seem to translate them differently, just give me
spaces :P. Their are plenty of freeware and proprietary programs that
do both and everything in between, don't feel like you have to be
pushed into buying something.

--
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[EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://pycoder.org
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Re: python coding contest

[Malte Dik]

Tim Hochberg wrote:

> Claudio Grondi wrote:
>> Peter Otten wrote:
> [SNIP]
>>>How good is "good" for
>>>
>>>import test_vectors
>>>seven_seg = test_vectors.test_vectors.get
>>>
>>>or code using the test suite in general?
>>>
>>>Peter
>>>
>> 
>> This started to remind myself about the story of the contest where the
>> shortest program beeing able to output own source was the job to code.
>> The jury had a big trouble to justify why not give the prize to the one
>> who posted an empty file ...
>> 
>> I am currently at 39 bytes following the requirements and the principle
>> given above (my module passes the test). Anyone able to beat that?
> 
> Wow! It'll be interesting to see how to do that. The obvious way gives
> 53 bytes. Hmmm, I'll have to see what can be done...
> 
> However they do say "We use a very *similar* test suite to either accept
> or reject pending submissions." (Emphasis mine) So, it's possible, even
> probable, that the file test.py either won't be available or won't be
> helpful.
> 
> -tim

Wouldn't using test_vectors.py somehow be lame?
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XPath-like filtering for ElementTree

[Gerard Flanagan]

Pseudo-XPath support for ElementTree with the emphasis on 'Pseudo'.

http://gflanagan.net/site/python/pagliacci/ElementFilter.html

It's an approach suggested by the Specification Pattern

eg. http://www.martinfowler.com/apsupp/spec.pdf

Not tested beyond what follows (no time for more at the minute).

Criticisms and suggestions are welcome.

(one possibly obvious 'feature' is that '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'[EMAIL PROTECTED]']'
won't work, ie. if the name of an attribute is contained within a query
string, and is preceded by an '@' character)

Gerard

xml_test ='''

10/10/05

just a note








hi there,
just a note to say hi there!


'''

if __name__ == '__main__':
print '##'
from elementtree import ElementTree
from elementtree.ElementTree import dump
root = ElementTree.fromstring( xml_test )
ns = "xmlns1"
path = r"{%s}To/[EMAIL PROTECTED]'Mrs Jones' and @test==3]" %
(ns,ns)
filter = ElementFilter(path)
print filter.path
nodeset1 = filter.findall( root )
for node in nodeset1:
dump(node)
print '-'*30
filter.path = r"{%s}To/[EMAIL PROTECTED]<3]" % (ns,ns)
print filter.path
nodeset2 = filter.findall( root )
for node in nodeset2:
dump(node)
print '-'*30
assert nodeset1 != nodeset2
assert filter.findall( root ) != []
filter.removeall( root )
assert filter.findall( root ) == []
dump(root)

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Re: Windows and python execution

[Mark Carter]

rzed wrote:

> I should have asked which Windows version you had.

XP Pro

  My bad. On Win2k
> or XP, adding .py (for instance) to the PATHEXT variable means that 
> you can execute "myNeatProgram.py" with this command-line:
> prompt>myNeatProgram

Oh, now I see! It's beginning to make sense to me. I'll have to try that 
out. Thanks for the tip.
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Re: Windows and python execution

[rzed]

Mark Carter <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]: 

> Bengt Richter wrote:
> 
And there is a PATHEXT environment variable, 
>>>
>>>Aha. You'bve provided a significant clue.
>>>
>>>What you need to do is include the following line in
>>>autoexec.bat: set .py=c:\python24\python.exe
>>>
>>>This will achieve the desired result. I'm suprised more people
>>>don't use it. 
>> 
>> I wasn't aware of that syntax for set. What OS/platform/shell
>> is that from? 
> 
> Windows XP, bog-standard default shell. UNIXers have it easy
> because they can use the normal "shebang".
> 
>> How did you go from the PATHEXT "clue" to the set command you
>> specify 
> 
> I can't remember. It was a bit of luck, I think. I happened
> upon: http://www.jpsoft.com/help/index.htm?exeext.htm
> probably as a result of Googling for PATHEXT.
> 
>> and decide
>> not to set pathext, e.g., by something like
>> set PATHEXT=%PATHEXT%;.py
>> Does your set do the pathext and assoc and ftype all in one
>> swell foop? 
> 
> Actually, I haven't figured out what PATHEXT is actually
> supposed to "do". It seemed to me that Windows couldn't possibly
> know that a py file should be started by python.exe, whereas my
>  set .py= ...
> would.
> 
> I had installed python 2.4 in the standard way, so py files were
> already associated with python when you double-clicked them from
> Explorer. Using my set meant that if I wanted to use py files
> from the command line, I could just type out the script name
> (you have to be in the right directory, of course), and it
> works. Here's a snippit from my autoexec.bat files:
> set PATH=C:\python24;%PATH%
> set .py=c:\python24\python.exe
> 

I should have asked which Windows version you had. My bad. On Win2k 
or XP, adding .py (for instance) to the PATHEXT variable means that 
you can execute "myNeatProgram.py" with this command-line:
prompt>myNeatProgram

Since .py appears in the PATHEXT variable, the system knows that 
.py files are executable, so it's not necessary even to specify 
them. What must happen, I suppose, is that the system looks for 
myNeatProgram.bat, myNeatProgram.com, myNeatProgram.exe, etc., 
until it hits upon myNeatProgram.py and proceeds to run it. So if 
you have a myNeatProgram.bat that appears earlier in your path than 
myNeatProgram.py does, the bat file is what gets run.

-- 
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Re: closing stdin, stdout and stderr

[Robin Becker]

Robin Becker wrote:
> Martijn Brouwer wrote:
> 
>> I am writing a unix daemon in python, so I want to close stdin, stdout
>> and stderr.
>> My first attempt was to the standard file descriptors using their
>> close() methods. After closing stdout, I could not print anymore, so
>> this seemed to work. However, later I noticed that they were not really
>> closed. When I close them using os.close(), it did work.
>> What is the difference between these two methods and what is the reason
>> behind it? It took me a day to find out why I could not log out after
>> starting the daemon.
>>
>> Martijn
>>
>>
>>
> I've had excellent results with variants of the cookbook entry at
> 
> http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/278731
> 
but perhaps you're using a non unix OS, which will make that recipe wrong.

-- 
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Re: closing stdin, stdout and stderr

[Robin Becker]

Martijn Brouwer wrote:
> I am writing a unix daemon in python, so I want to close stdin, stdout
> and stderr.
> My first attempt was to the standard file descriptors using their
> close() methods. After closing stdout, I could not print anymore, so
> this seemed to work. However, later I noticed that they were not really
> closed. When I close them using os.close(), it did work.
> What is the difference between these two methods and what is the reason
> behind it? It took me a day to find out why I could not log out after
> starting the daemon.
> 
> Martijn
> 
> 
> 
I've had excellent results with variants of the cookbook entry at

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/278731

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closing stdin, stdout and stderr

[Martijn Brouwer]

I am writing a unix daemon in python, so I want to close stdin, stdout
and stderr.
My first attempt was to the standard file descriptors using their
close() methods. After closing stdout, I could not print anymore, so
this seemed to work. However, later I noticed that they were not really
closed. When I close them using os.close(), it did work.
What is the difference between these two methods and what is the reason
behind it? It took me a day to find out why I could not log out after
starting the daemon.

Martijn



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Re: build curiosities of svn head (on WinXP)

[Fredrik Lundh]

David Murmann wrote:

> here i have problems. some tests fail more or less randomly.
> after some testing, i found that it seems to be related to
> the parsing of float literals in python code (wild guess).
> for example, test_pow failed giving me this traceback:
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File 
> "D:\develop\cygwin\usr\local\src\python\python\trunk\lib\test\test_pow.py
> ", line 109, in test_bug705231
> eq(pow(a, 1.23e167), 1.0)
> AssertionError: -1.0 != 1.0
>
> this seems very strange to me, as i get this on the interactive
> prompt:
> >>> pow(-1.0, 1.23e167)
> 1.0

sounds like some odd locale problem.  consider

>>> pow(-1.0, 1)
-1.0

> another example is test_colorsys. this test hangs, because it
> uses "frange(0.0, 1.0, 0.2)" (which does, what it looks like),
> but the 0.2 is somehow read as 0.0 resulting in an infinite
> loop.

and

frange(0, 1, 0)

try setting the locale (via the locale module) from the interactive prompt,
and see if Python still handles floating point values correctly.





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Re: __slots__ and copy again: why does it work?

[fortepianissimo]

I should've mentioned this was tested on Python 2.4.2.


fortepianissimo wrote:
> I remember from painful experience that copy.copy() won't really copy
> __slots__ members. But I have trouble explaning why the following code
> works:
>
> --- START---
> #!/usr/bin/env python
>
> import copy
>
>
> class Foo (object):
>   __slots__ = 'i'
>
>   def __init__ (self):
> self.i = 10
>
>
> class Bar (Foo):
>   __slots__ = 'j'
>
>   def __init__ (self):
> self.j = 20
>
>
> f1 = Foo()
> f2 = copy.copy(f1)
>
> print f2.i   # why does it work?
>
>
> b1 = Bar()
> b2 = copy.copy(b1)
>
> print b2.j   # why does it work?
> print b2.i   # doesn't work, as expected
> 
> --- END---
> 
> 
> Any insight is welcome!

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__slots__ and copy again: why does it work?

[fortepianissimo]

I remember from painful experience that copy.copy() won't really copy
__slots__ members. But I have trouble explaning why the following code
works:

--- START---
#!/usr/bin/env python

import copy


class Foo (object):
  __slots__ = 'i'

  def __init__ (self):
self.i = 10


class Bar (Foo):
  __slots__ = 'j'

  def __init__ (self):
self.j = 20


f1 = Foo()
f2 = copy.copy(f1)

print f2.i   # why does it work?


b1 = Bar()
b2 = copy.copy(b1)

print b2.j   # why does it work?
print b2.i   # doesn't work, as expected

--- END---


Any insight is welcome!

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Re: Windows and python execution

[Mark Carter]

Bengt Richter wrote:

>>>And there is a PATHEXT environment variable, 
>>
>>Aha. You'bve provided a significant clue.
>>
>>What you need to do is include the following line in autoexec.bat:
>>set .py=c:\python24\python.exe
>>
>>This will achieve the desired result. I'm suprised more people don't use it.
> 
> I wasn't aware of that syntax for set. What OS/platform/shell is that from?

Windows XP, bog-standard default shell. UNIXers have it easy because 
they can use the normal "shebang".

> How did you go from the PATHEXT "clue" to the set command you specify 

I can't remember. It was a bit of luck, I think. I happened upon:
http://www.jpsoft.com/help/index.htm?exeext.htm
probably as a result of Googling for PATHEXT.

> and decide
> not to set pathext, e.g., by something like
> set PATHEXT=%PATHEXT%;.py
> Does your set do the pathext and assoc and ftype all in one swell foop?

Actually, I haven't figured out what PATHEXT is actually supposed to 
"do". It seemed to me that Windows couldn't possibly know that a py file 
should be started by python.exe, whereas my
set .py= ...
would.

I had installed python 2.4 in the standard way, so py files were already 
associated with python when you double-clicked them from Explorer. Using 
my set meant that if I wanted to use py files from the command line, I 
could just type out the script name (you have to be in the right 
directory, of course), and it works. Here's a snippit from my 
autoexec.bat files:
set PATH=C:\python24;%PATH%
set .py=c:\python24\python.exe
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help with lists and writing to file in correct order

[homepricemaps]

hey folks,

have a logic question for you.  appreciate the help in advance.

i am scraping 3 pieces of information from the html namely the food
name , store name and price.  and i am doing this for many different
food items found ni the html including pizza, burgers, fries etc.  what
i want is to write out to a text file in the following order:

pizza, pizza hut, 3.00
burgers, burger king, 4.00
noodles, panda inn, 2.00

html is below.  does anyone have good recommendation for how to setup
the code in such a manner where it writes to the text file in th order
listed previously?  any attempt i have made seems to write to the file
like this

noodles, panda inn, 3
noodles, panda inn, 4
noodles, panda inn, 2


HTML


pizza

pizza hutt

3.00


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Re: Hypergeometric distribution

[Gerard Flanagan]

Raven wrote:

> Hi to all, I need to calculate the hpergeometric distribution:
>
>
>choose(r, x) * choose(b, n-x)
> p(x; r,b,n) =  -
>choose(r+b, n)
>
> choose(r,x) is the binomial coefficient
> I use the factorial to calculate the above formula but since I am using
> large numbers, the result of choose(a,b) (ie: the binomial coefficient)
> is too big even for large int. I've tried the scipy library, but this
> library calculates
> the hypergeometric using the factorials too, so the problem subsist. Is
> there any other libray or an algorithm to calculate
> the hypergeometric distribution? The statistical package R can handle
> such calculations but I don't want to use python R binding since I want
> a standalone app.
> Thanks a lot
> Ale

Ale

I had this code lying about if it helps.  I don't know if it's even
correct but it's non-recursive!

def Binomial( n, k ):
ret = 0
if k == 0:
ret = 1
elif k > 0:
a = range( n+1 )
a[0] = 1
for i in a[1:]:
a[i] = 1
for j in range(i-1,0,-1):
a[j] = a[j] + a[j-1]
ret = a[k]
return ret

Gerard

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Re: Windows and python execution

[Bengt Richter]

On Mon, 26 Dec 2005 14:53:28 +, Mark Carter <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>rzed wrote:
>> Mark Carter <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in
>> news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]: 
>> 
>> 
>>>What I would like to do it type something like
>>>
myscript.py
>>>
>>>instead of
>>>
python myscript.py
>
>> As another poster points out, be sure that your Python is on your 
>> path. 
>> 
>> And there is a PATHEXT environment variable, 
>
>Aha. You'bve provided a significant clue.
>
>What you need to do is include the following line in autoexec.bat:
>set .py=c:\python24\python.exe
>
>This will achieve the desired result. I'm suprised more people don't use it.
I wasn't aware of that syntax for set. What OS/platform/shell is that from?
How did you go from the PATHEXT "clue" to the set command you specify and decide
not to set pathext, e.g., by something like
set PATHEXT=%PATHEXT%;.py
Does your set do the pathext and assoc and ftype all in one swell foop?

Regards,
Bengt Richter
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Re: deal or no deal

[Chip Turner]

On 2005-12-26 15:05:21 -0500, [EMAIL PROTECTED] said:

> I believe not; the Monty Hall problem is biased by the fact that the
> presenter knows where the prize is, and eliminates one box accordingly.
>  Where boxes are eliminated at random, it's impossible for any given
> box to have a higher probability of containing any given amount of
> money than another.  And for the contestants box to be worth more or
> less than the mean, it must have a higher probability of containing a
> certain amount.

Agreed -- unless the presenter takes away a case based on knowledge he 
has about the contents, then Monty Hall doesn't enter into it.  Deal or 
No Deal seems to be a purely chance based game.  However, that doesn't 
mean there aren't strategies beyond strictly expecting the average 
payout.

> Like another member of the group, I've seen them offer more than the
> average on the UK version, which puzzled me quite a lot.

I imagine it is about risks.  Many gameshows take out insurance 
policies against the larger payoffs to protect the show and network 
from big winners.  I believe Who Wants to be a Millionaire actually had 
some difficulty with their insurance when they were paying out too 
often, or something.  Perhaps the UK Deal or No Deal didn't want to 
risk increasing their premium :)

But even the contestant has a reason to not just play the average, 
thereby bringing psychology into the game.  It comes down to the odd 
phenomenon that the value of money isn't linear to the amount of money 
in question.  If you're playing the game, and only two briefcases are 
left -- 1,000,000 and 0.01, and the house offers you 400,000... take 
it!  On average you'll win around 500,000, but half the time, you'll 
get a penny.  Averages break down when you try to apply them to a 
single instance.  On the flip side, if you think about how much 
difference 500,000 will make in your life vs, say, 750,000, then taking 
a risk to get 750,000 is probably worth it; sure, you might lose 
250,000 but on top of 500,000, the impact of the loss you would suffer 
is significantly lessened.  In the end, it comes down to what the money 
on the table means to *you* and how willing you are to lose the 
guaranteed amount to take risks.

It's similar to the old game of coin flipping to double your money.  
Put a dollar on the table.  Flip a coin.  Heads, you double your bet, 
tails you lose it all.  You can stop any time you want.  The expected 
outcome is infinite money (1 * 1/2 + 2 * 1/4 + 4 * 1/8 ...), but a 
human playing it would do well to stop before the inevitable tails 
comes along, even though mathematically the house pays out an expected 
infinite number of dollars over time.  Exponential growth in winnings 
doesn't offset exponential risk in taking a loss because, once you hit 
a certain point, the money on the table is worth more than the 50% 
chance of having twice as much.

Chip

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Re: python coding contest

[Duncan Booth]

Tim Hochberg wrote:

> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>> Currently I'm on 149 characters in  one line - 128 without
>> spaces/newlines.  (it'd be three characters shorter if it didn't have
>> to end with a "\n")
> 
> 
> It'll be interesting to see what the short 1-line answers look like. I 
> have a hard time seeing how that's done. It'll especially be interesting 
> to see  if we're all using similar tricks or if the multiline attemps 
> take a distinctly different tack than the single line attempts.
> 
> Currently, I'm down to 137 characters now in 6 lines. There's very 
> little left to trim at this point, so I don't know that I'll be able to 
> knock it down any further using my current approach. And since I don't 
> have any other approaches in the wings, I may be about washed up.
> 
> 
I think my main interest will be to see what different algorithms are 
successful. I suspect I may have chosen the wrong approach to start with 
since I stuck at 150 characters (1 line, no extraneous whitespace), but 
then I started again with a different algorithm and I'm down to one line of 
137 characters but nowhere obvious to go from there...

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Re: build curiosities of svn head (on WinXP)

[David Murmann]

Tim Peters schrieb:
> [David Murmann]
> ...
>>> second, the build order in "pcbuild.sln" for elementtree seems to be
>>> wrong, nant tried to build elementtree before pythoncore (which failed).
>>> i fixed this by building elementtree separately.
> 
> [Steve Holden]
>> Yes, the elementtree module is a new arrival for 3.5, so the build may
>> not yet be perfectly specified. This is useful information.
> 
> I just checked in a fix for that.  Thanks!

this works for me, thanks for the quick patch!

>>> ... and i could reproduce the expected failure (ATM) of the regression
>>> test suite:
>>>
>>>   http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2005-December/059033.html
> 
> Note that all tests pass on Windows as of Sunday (in release and debug
> builds, with and without -O).

here i have problems. some tests fail more or less randomly.
after some testing, i found that it seems to be related to
the parsing of float literals in python code (wild guess).
for example, test_pow failed giving me this traceback:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\develop\cygwin\usr\local\src\python\python\trunk\lib\test\test_pow.py
", line 109, in test_bug705231
eq(pow(a, 1.23e167), 1.0)
AssertionError: -1.0 != 1.0

this seems very strange to me, as i get this on the interactive
prompt:
>>> pow(-1.0, 1.23e167)
1.0

another example is test_colorsys. this test hangs, because it
uses "frange(0.0, 1.0, 0.2)" (which does, what it looks like),
but the 0.2 is somehow read as 0.0 resulting in an infinite
loop.

i have no clue whether these failures are related to my build
environment or something in the python codebase (or the weather?).
all tests passed when building with gcc from cygwin btw. i will
try building 2.4.2 with nant later and see what that does...

i am lost at the moment, David.

PS: maybe i should note: i built python without _bsddb and without
_tcl but i don't think this should be causing problems.
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Re: Hypergeometric distribution

[Robert Kern]

Raven wrote:
> Hi to all, I need to calculate the hpergeometric distribution:
> 
> 
>choose(r, x) * choose(b, n-x)
> p(x; r,b,n) =  -
>choose(r+b, n)
> 
> choose(r,x) is the binomial coefficient
> I use the factorial to calculate the above formula but since I am using
> large numbers, the result of choose(a,b) (ie: the binomial coefficient)
> is too big even for large int. I've tried the scipy library, but this
> library calculates
> the hypergeometric using the factorials too, so the problem subsist. Is
> there any other libray or an algorithm to calculate
> the hypergeometric distribution?

Use logarithms.

Specifically,

from scipy import special

def logchoose(n, k):
lgn1 = special.gammaln(n+1)
lgk1 = special.gammaln(k+1)
lgnk1 = special.gammaln(n-k+1)
return lgn1 - (lgnk1 + lgk1)

def gauss_hypergeom(x, r, b, n):
return exp(logchoose(r, x) +
   logchoose(b, n-x) -
   logchoose(r+b, n))

Or you could use gmpy if you need exact rational arithmetic rather than floating
point.

-- 
Robert Kern
[EMAIL PROTECTED]

"In the fields of hell where the grass grows high
 Are the graves of dreams allowed to die."
  -- Richard Harter

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Re: Beautiful Python

[sconce]

Gekitsuu wrote:
> I've been reading a lot of python modules lately to see how they work
> and I've stumbled across something that's sort of annoying and wanted
> to find out of there was a good reason behind it. In a Perl program
> when you're calling other modules you'll add "use" statements at the
> beginning of your script like:
>
> use strict;
> use WWW::Mechanize;
> use CGI;
>
> This seems to be the de facto standard in the Perl community but in
> python it seems most of the code I look at has import statements
> everywhere in the code. Is there a sound reason for putting the imports
> there are are developers just loading modules in as they need them. I
> own Damian Conway's book of Perl Best Practices and it seems from a
> maintainability standpoint  that having all the modules declared at the
> beginning would make it easier for someone coming behind you to see
> what other modules they need to use yours. Being new I didn't know if
> there was a performance reason for doing this or it is simply a common
> habit of developers.


Without taking anything away from other posts responding to your
question, the first response perhaps should have been:

"Imports are always put at the top of the file, just after
 any module comments and docstrings, and before module
 globals and constants."

Which is the "official" Python style guide, PEP 0008, at
http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0008.html
and basically a reflection of Guido's own recommendations.

There are reasons to break almost any rule sometimes(*), but I think
you were asking whether there IS a rule -- which is an insightful,
worthy question if you've been looking at code which begs it.

-Bill


(*) PEP 0008 itself says, even before it lays out any rules,
"know when to be inconsistent".

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PIL and ImageMagick scalability

[Sebastjan Trepca]

Hi everyone!

I have a question about image processing. We have a website which will
process a lot of images a day.It will be running Apache(worker) with
mod_python. My question is what should we use for processing. If we
use PIL the processing will be done with the same process that handles
other requests and that will probably slow them down when there will
be a peak. If we use ImageMagick you create new process that does the
image processing which probably uses multiple CPUs better and is more
scalable, right?

Thanks, Sebastjan
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Re: python coding contest

[Tim Hochberg]

Claudio Grondi wrote:
> Peter Otten wrote:
[SNIP]
>>How good is "good" for
>>
>>import test_vectors
>>seven_seg = test_vectors.test_vectors.get
>>
>>or code using the test suite in general?
>>
>>Peter
>>
> 
> This started to remind myself about the story of the contest where the 
> shortest program beeing able to output own source was the job to code.
> The jury had a big trouble to justify why not give the prize to the one 
> who posted an empty file ...
> 
> I am currently at 39 bytes following the requirements and the principle 
> given above (my module passes the test). Anyone able to beat that?

Wow! It'll be interesting to see how to do that. The obvious way gives 
53 bytes. Hmmm, I'll have to see what can be done...

However they do say "We use a very *similar* test suite to either accept 
or reject pending submissions." (Emphasis mine) So, it's possible, even 
probable, that the file test.py either won't be available or won't be 
helpful.

-tim



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Re: python coding contest

[Claudio Grondi]

Peter Otten wrote:
> Simon Hengel wrote:
> 
> 
>>>Is it necessary to keep the input parameter as 'input'? Reducing that to
>>>a single character drops the length of a program by at least 8
>>>characters. Technically it changes the interface of the function, so
>>>it's a little bogus, but test.py doesn't check. (Personally I prefer
>>>that if be illegal, but if it's legal I'll have to do it).
>>
>>You may change input to something more short, like x. Everything that
>>passes the test, has a good chance to be accepted.
> 
> 
> How good is "good" for
> 
> import test_vectors
> seven_seg = test_vectors.test_vectors.get
> 
> or code using the test suite in general?
> 
> Peter
> 
This started to remind myself about the story of the contest where the 
shortest program beeing able to output own source was the job to code.
The jury had a big trouble to justify why not give the prize to the one 
who posted an empty file ...

I am currently at 39 bytes following the requirements and the principle 
given above (my module passes the test). Anyone able to beat that?

Claudio
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Hypergeometric distribution

[Raven]

Hi to all, I need to calculate the hpergeometric distribution:


   choose(r, x) * choose(b, n-x)
p(x; r,b,n) =  -
   choose(r+b, n)

choose(r,x) is the binomial coefficient
I use the factorial to calculate the above formula but since I am using
large numbers, the result of choose(a,b) (ie: the binomial coefficient)
is too big even for large int. I've tried the scipy library, but this
library calculates
the hypergeometric using the factorials too, so the problem subsist. Is
there any other libray or an algorithm to calculate
the hypergeometric distribution? The statistical package R can handle
such calculations but I don't want to use python R binding since I want
a standalone app.
Thanks a lot
Ale

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Re: deal or no deal

[james . moughan]

[snip]
>
> What I would really like to know, is how they calculate the offer.
> Obviously, they set the upper limit at the average of the still standing
> offers, but I wonder if and how they take subsequent rounds into
> consideration. Is there a "Monty Hall"
> (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem) type consideration
> that needs to be taken into effect as cases are eliminated?

I believe not; the Monty Hall problem is biased by the fact that the
presenter knows where the prize is, and eliminates one box accordingly.
 Where boxes are eliminated at random, it's impossible for any given
box to have a higher probability of containing any given amount of
money than another.  And for the contestants box to be worth more or
less than the mean, it must have a higher probability of containing a
certain amount.

Like another member of the group, I've seen them offer more than the
average on the UK version, which puzzled me quite a lot.

James M

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Re: python coding contest

[Dody Suria Wijaya]

omg, how do you guys do it? after 4 hours, i'm stucked at 182 chars, 8 
lines. hint please... :D

André Malo wrote:
> * Tim Hochberg wrote:
> 
>> Currently, I'm down to 137 characters now in 6 lines. There's very
>> little left to trim at this point, so I don't know that I'll be able to
>> knock it down any further using my current approach. And since I don't
>> have any other approaches in the wings, I may be about washed up.
> 
> grmpf. Just reached 143 chars / 2 lines ;-)
> There seems to be some more room for optimization...
> 
> nd
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Re: PyArg_ParseTuple exception catching

[Fredrik Lundh]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

> I'm getting an error when using PyArg_ParseTuple and I don't know
> why...In the documentation I've read that PyArg_ParseTuple raise an
> appropriate exception :
> "on failure, it returns false and raises the appropriate exception."
>
> How can I get the exception in C ? because I've checked the arguments
> before calling the C python function and I don't know why I've got a
> problem when parsing the arguments list...

the easiest way to see the exception is to return NULL, and let Python
take care of the rest.

if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(...)):
return NULL;





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Re: Beautiful Python

[Chip Turner]

On 2005-12-26 05:01:07 -0500, "Gekitsuu" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> said:

> I've been reading a lot of python modules lately to see how they work
> and I've stumbled across something that's sort of annoying and wanted
> to find out of there was a good reason behind it. In a Perl program
> when you're calling other modules you'll add "use" statements at the
> beginning of your script like:
> 
> use strict;
> use WWW::Mechanize;
> use CGI;
> 
> This seems to be the de facto standard in the Perl community but in
> python it seems most of the code I look at has import statements
> everywhere in the code. Is there a sound reason for putting the imports
> there are are developers just loading modules in as they need them. I
> own Damian Conway's book of Perl Best Practices and it seems from a
> maintainability standpoint  that having all the modules declared at the
> beginning would make it easier for someone coming behind you to see
> what other modules they need to use yours. Being new I didn't know if
> there was a performance reason for doing this or it is simply a common
> habit of developers.

There is a crucial difference between Perl's 'use' and Python's 
'import' -- when they are executed.  Glossing over some details, in 
Perl, a 'use' is evaulated when a .pl or .pm file is parsed, whereas in 
Python import is executed when the statement is encountered in normal 
program flow.  One result of this is that, in Perl, this does not do 
what you expect:

if ($some_condition) {
  use SomeWierdModule;
}

What happens is that at parse time, SomeWierdModule is loaded, ignoring 
completely the if statement.  This, however, works fine in Python:

if some_condition:
  import some_weird_module

In this case, some_weird_module will only be imported if some_condition 
holds true when program flow hits the conditional.

The net result is that in Perl, putting use statements all over the 
code has no real effect, because they all get evaluated at parse time 
-- you may as well toss them prettily at the top.  In Python, though, 
there are occasional times where you *do* want to conditionally load a 
module, so it occasionally makes sense to put them in other places.  
Short of situations like the conditional importing above, though, I 
would be highly suspicious of code that gratuitously tosses imports in 
odd places; the namespace is global, after all; may as well be explicit 
upfront.

You can really see this in action with the following:

perl 

PyArg_ParseTuple exception catching

[x0rster]

Hi,

I'm getting an error when using PyArg_ParseTuple and I don't know
why...In the documentation I've read that PyArg_ParseTuple raise an
appropriate exception :
"on failure, it returns false and raises the appropriate exception."

How can I get the exception in C ? because I've checked the arguments
before calling the C python function and I don't know why I've got a
problem when parsing the arguments list...

Happy new year,
PICA Frédéric

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Re: python coding contest

[Yaccck]

You guys are pretty agressive!



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Re: Windows and python execution

[BartlebyScrivener]

>>What I was trying to do was execute a  python script without
having to type the word "python" explicitly. For that, you need the
"set" command that I listed in a previous post.<<

I'm not confused and I like to keep my scripts in oddball places too.
Namely d:\python. All I'm saying is I don't use the set command. I
don't have an autoexec.bat file. I simply place d:\python in the path
variable and I can execute python scripts from the command line from
any directory without typing "python" first. I just type "myscript.py"
and it executes. Okay. You're welcome. 

rpd

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Re: python coding contest

[André Malo]

* Tim Hochberg wrote:

> Currently, I'm down to 137 characters now in 6 lines. There's very
> little left to trim at this point, so I don't know that I'll be able to
> knock it down any further using my current approach. And since I don't
> have any other approaches in the wings, I may be about washed up.

grmpf. Just reached 143 chars / 2 lines ;-)
There seems to be some more room for optimization...

nd
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[EMAIL PROTECTED] split/::/ =>__PACKAGE__]}~;

#  André Malo  #  http://pub.perlig.de  #
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Re: build curiosities of svn head (on WinXP)

[Tim Peters]

[David Murmann]
...
>> second, the build order in "pcbuild.sln" for elementtree seems to be
>> wrong, nant tried to build elementtree before pythoncore (which failed).
>> i fixed this by building elementtree separately.

[Steve Holden]
> Yes, the elementtree module is a new arrival for 3.5, so the build may
> not yet be perfectly specified. This is useful information.

I just checked in a fix for that.  Thanks!

...

>> ... and i could reproduce the expected failure (ATM) of the regression
>> test suite:
>>
>>   http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2005-December/059033.html

Note that all tests pass on Windows as of Sunday (in release and debug
builds, with and without -O).
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Re: PyHtmlGUI Project is looking for developers

[Sybren Stuvel]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] enlightened us with:
> The aim of the project is to create a web application framework. The
> API of PyHtmlGUI wants to be close to Trolltechs famous Qt API but
> incooperates the idea of a text based renderengine instead of the
> pixel based one. The obviouse target is html/css but through xml
> rendering process nearly every textual output could be generated.

Why is your project better than simply embedding a KHTML control in a
GUI?

> Just write me a email.

Just check this group for replies.

Sybren
-- 
The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a
capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the
safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself? 
 Frank Zappa
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Re: Windows and python execution

[Mark Carter]

BartlebyScrivener wrote:
> The installer can put python.exe in his PATH but if he's storing his
> scripts in some oddball place then he has to tell Windows where to find
> them.

I think you're misunderstanding what I was after. python.exe is already 
in my PATH. What I was trying to do was execute a  python script without 
having to type the word "python" explicitly. For that, you need the 
"set" command that I listed in a previous post. Anyway, I want to be 
able to put my scripts in "oddball" places, as they form part of 
separate projects rather than a generally-runnable script. It doesn't 
matter to me that Windows cannot find the script itself - because I just 
go to the directory where's it's at.

The upshot is that my original problem has now been solved, and that 
discussing the matter further will only likely confuse the issue.
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Re: python coding contest

[Tim Hochberg]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Currently I'm on 149 characters in  one line - 128 without
> spaces/newlines.  (it'd be three characters shorter if it didn't have
> to end with a "\n")


It'll be interesting to see what the short 1-line answers look like. I 
have a hard time seeing how that's done. It'll especially be interesting 
to see  if we're all using similar tricks or if the multiline attemps 
take a distinctly different tack than the single line attempts.

Currently, I'm down to 137 characters now in 6 lines. There's very 
little left to trim at this point, so I don't know that I'll be able to 
knock it down any further using my current approach. And since I don't 
have any other approaches in the wings, I may be about washed up.


-tim


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Re: Windows and python execution

[BartlebyScrivener]

The installer can put python.exe in his PATH but if he's storing his
scripts in some oddball place then he has to tell Windows where to find
them.

rpd

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Re: python coding contest

[Bengt Richter]

On Sun, 25 Dec 2005 16:39:47 +0100, Simon Hengel <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>Hello,
>we are hosting a python coding contest an we even managed to provide a
>price for the winner...
 ^
>
How much are you going to sell him or her for? ;-)

Regards,
Bengt Richter
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Re: build curiosities of svn head (on WinXP)

[Steve Holden]

Steve Holden wrote:
> David Murmann wrote
[...]
>>apart from that everything went fine, and i could reproduce the expected
>>failure (ATM) of the regression test suite:
>>
>>  http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2005-December/059033.html
>>
>>btw, if anyone is interested in the (rather small) build-script for
>>nant, just ask,
>>
>>so long, David.
> 
> 
> This is terrific news. Just recently there have been indications that 
> the Windows platform needs a larger base of developers, and this might 
> be just the thing to promote that. It might be worth a quick post to 
> python-dev to see what interest your new development gets. Well done!
> 
David:

Apparently Tim Peters has just tracked down the causes of the build 
errors with VC7, so the Subversion repository should now hold a valid 
project file for you to test against.

regards
  Steve
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Re: Windows and python execution

[rbt]

Mark Carter wrote:
> rzed wrote:
>> Mark Carter <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in
>> news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]:
>>
>>> What I would like to do it type something like
>>>
 myscript.py
>>>
>>> instead of
>>>
 python myscript.py
> 
>> As another poster points out, be sure that your Python is on your path.
>> And there is a PATHEXT environment variable, 
> 
> Aha. You'bve provided a significant clue.
> 
> What you need to do is include the following line in autoexec.bat:
> set .py=c:\python24\python.exe
> 
> This will achieve the desired result. I'm suprised more people don't use 
> it.

I'm surprised the installer doesn't do it :)
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Re: Windows and python execution

[BartlebyScrivener]

>> What you need to do is include the following line in autoexec.bat:
>> set .py=c:\python24\python.exe

Whatever works for you. I don't have that command in my autoexec.bat
file and my python scripts execute from any location because the
directory they are stored in is in my PATH variable.

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Re: build curiosities of svn head (on WinXP)

[Steve Holden]

David Murmann wrote:
> hi all!
> 
> i just built revision 41809 under winxp using a rather uncommon
> setup (at least i think so). since i have no visual studio here,
> i only used freely available tools: cygwin to get the source, the
> microsoft compiler/linker and NAnt (nant.sf.net) as the build tool
> to interpret the .vcproj-files (which may be the uncommon part).
> 
Excellent!

> as far as i understand this setup is not supported in any way, but
> i noticed two problems, that could be interesting for others as well.
> 
> first, the ProjectGUID's in "pythoncore.vcproj" and "pcbuild.sln"
> mismatch, i fixed that locally by changing "pythoncore.vcproj"
> (maybe visual studio is ignoring/shadowing this problem?).
> 
That could be. I don't believe anyone who's doing any serious work on 
the Windows implementation is using anything other than Visual Studio (I 
seem to remember that a few copies were donated a while ago).

> second, the build order in "pcbuild.sln" for elementtree seems to be
> wrong, nant tried to build elementtree before pythoncore (which failed).
> i fixed this by building elementtree separately.
> 
Yes, the elementtree module is a new arrival for 3.5, so the build may 
not yet be perfectly specified. This is useful information.

> so my question is: will something like this be changed to support this
> setup (or at least to get the project files "cleaner")? should i submit
> a patch and see if it gets accepted?
> 
I suspect that the patch's chances of being accepted are much higher if 
its author will commit to providing ongoing support for it. At present 
the developers seem to feel that this is the only reliable way to 
incorporate a new platform (someone recently announced they had a 
working DOS implementation of 2.4, but there was some resistance to 
including it as a standard part of the build because of doubts about 
ongoing support).

> apart from that everything went fine, and i could reproduce the expected
> failure (ATM) of the regression test suite:
> 
>   http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2005-December/059033.html
> 
> btw, if anyone is interested in the (rather small) build-script for
> nant, just ask,
> 
> so long, David.

This is terrific news. Just recently there have been indications that 
the Windows platform needs a larger base of developers, and this might 
be just the thing to promote that. It might be worth a quick post to 
python-dev to see what interest your new development gets. Well done!

regards
  Steve
-- 
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PyCon TX 2006  www.python.org/pycon/

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Re: Windows and python execution

[Mark Carter]

rzed wrote:
> Mark Carter <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in
> news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]: 
> 
> 
>>What I would like to do it type something like
>>
>>>myscript.py
>>
>>instead of
>>
>>>python myscript.py

> As another poster points out, be sure that your Python is on your 
> path. 
> 
> And there is a PATHEXT environment variable, 

Aha. You'bve provided a significant clue.

What you need to do is include the following line in autoexec.bat:
set .py=c:\python24\python.exe

This will achieve the desired result. I'm suprised more people don't use it.
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Fwd: oddness question for threading in pyw

[limodou]

I forward this letter from wxPython maillist, because it seems that no
one answers my question, so I want to ask somebody for help in here.
Thanks.

-- Forwarded message --
From: limodou <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: 2005-12-26 下午3:06
Subject: oddness question for threading in pyw
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]


When I'm dealing theading program in wxPython, I find an oddness
question. If the python filename is '.pyw' suffixed, and the thread is
set as daemon, when I double clicked it to run, the thread object
seems be blocked till I exit the program. But if the thread is not set
as daemon, every thing is ok. But if the python filename is not '.pyw'
suffixed, but '.py', the question is disappeared. Can anybody explain
it for me, and how to resolved it? Need I change the deamon to false?

There is a testing program, which I modified from the wxPython Threading Demo.

import  random
import  time
import  thread
import threading

import  wx
import  wx.lib.newevent

#--

# This creates a new Event class and a EVT binder function
(UpdateBarEvent, EVT_UPDATE_BARGRAPH) = wx.lib.newevent.NewEvent()


#--

class CalcBarThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, win, barNum, val):
threading.Thread.__init__(self, name="CalcBarThread")
self.win = win
self.barNum = barNum
self.val = val
self.keepGoing = self.running = True

def Start(self):
self.keepGoing = self.running = True
thread.start_new_thread(self.Run, ())

def Stop(self):
self.keepGoing = False

def IsRunning(self):
return self.running

def run(self):
while self.keepGoing:
evt = UpdateBarEvent(barNum = self.barNum, value = int(self.val))
wx.PostEvent(self.win, evt)

sleeptime = (random.random() * 2) + 0.5
time.sleep(sleeptime/4)

sleeptime = sleeptime * 5
if int(random.random() * 2):
self.val = self.val + sleeptime
else:
self.val = self.val - sleeptime

if self.val < 0: self.val = 0
if self.val > 300: self.val = 300

self.running = False

#--


class GraphWindow(wx.Window):
def __init__(self, parent, labels):
wx.Window.__init__(self, parent, -1)

self.values = []
for label in labels:
self.values.append((label, 0))

font = wx.Font(12, wx.SWISS, wx.NORMAL, wx.BOLD)
self.SetFont(font)

self.colors = [ wx.RED, wx.GREEN, wx.BLUE, wx.CYAN,
"Yellow", "Navy" ]

self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND, self.OnEraseBackground)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint)


def SetValue(self, index, value):
assert index < len(self.values)
cur = self.values[index]
self.values[index:index+1] = [(cur[0], value)]


def SetFont(self, font):
wx.Window.SetFont(self, font)
wmax = hmax = 0
for label, val in self.values:
w,h = self.GetTextExtent(label)
if w > wmax: wmax = w
if h > hmax: hmax = h
self.linePos = wmax + 10
self.barHeight = hmax


def GetBestHeight(self):
return 2 * (self.barHeight + 1) * len(self.values)


def Draw(self, dc, size):
dc.SetFont(self.GetFont())
dc.SetTextForeground(wx.BLUE)
dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour()))
dc.Clear()
dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.BLACK, 3, wx.SOLID))
dc.DrawLine(self.linePos, 0, self.linePos, size.height-10)

bh = ypos = self.barHeight
for x in range(len(self.values)):
label, val = self.values[x]
dc.DrawText(label, 5, ypos)

if val:
color = self.colors[ x % len(self.colors) ]
dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(color))
dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(color))
dc.DrawRectangle(self.linePos+3, ypos, val, bh)

ypos = ypos + 2*bh
if ypos > size[1]-10:
break


def OnPaint(self, evt):
width, height = size =self.GetSize()
bmp = wx.EmptyBitmap(width, height)

dc = wx.MemoryDC()
dc.SelectObject(bmp)


self.Draw(dc, size)

wdc = wx.PaintDC(self)
wdc.BeginDrawing()
wdc.Blit(0,0, size[0], size[1], dc, 0,0)
wdc.EndDrawing()

dc.SelectObject(wx.NullBitmap)


def OnEraseBackground(self, evt):
pass




#--

class TestFrame(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, log):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, "Thread Test", size=(450,300))
self.log = log

#self.CenterOnParent()

panel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
panel.SetF

Re: Beautiful Python

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Mon, 26 Dec 2005 02:01:07 -0800, Gekitsuu wrote:

> Is there a sound reason for putting the imports
> there are are developers just loading modules in as they need them. I
> own Damian Conway's book of Perl Best Practices and it seems from a
> maintainability standpoint  that having all the modules declared at the
> beginning would make it easier for someone coming behind you to see
> what other modules they need to use yours. 

Maintainability is a good reason for doing imports at the beginning of
your module. But it isn't the only consideration:

- if your module only imports modules which are part of the standard
library, the maintainability argument is irrelevant (except possibly for
very special cases like "I want to back-port your module to Python 1.5,
what modules do I need?").

- Encapsulation: sometimes you want to import objects so they are local to
a function or class. If you import them at the beginning of the module,
they will be global to the module.

- Cost: importing a module may not be cheap. Why pay that cost if you
don't need to? Sometimes it makes sense to delay importing until you
know you really need it.

- Namespace pollution: when a module imports your module, it will see
everything you have imported. By delaying imports to a local scope, you
reduce the number of objects in your module namespace that get exported.

These arguments are especially strong when using the "from module import
name" form of import.

Putting all your imports together at the beginning is recommended
but not compulsory precisely because there can be good reasons for
delaying imports. Think of "always do your imports at the beginning" as a
guideline, not a law. If you are writing something like:

import A
...code...
import B
...code...
import C
...code...

then this should be re-written as:

import A
import B
import C  # or just import A, B, C
...code...

But if you are writing:

import A
...code...
def foo():
import B
# module B is only used in foo
...code...

then I don't think there is anything necessarily wrong with that. 


-- 
Steven.

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Re: Indentation/whitespace

[Robert Hicks]

No, it is that simple. You don't want it to be is all.

Robert

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Re: Windows and python execution

[rzed]

Mark Carter <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]: 

> What I would like to do it type something like
> > myscript.py
> instead of
> > python myscript.py
> on a Windows console. I know its possible because Ruby scripts
> manage to do this - I just don't know the registry settings that
> need to be tweaked to enable it. Any ideas (I'd prefer to know
> the registry settings rather than a graphical way to accomplish
> the goal)? 

As another poster points out, be sure that your Python is on your 
path. 

And there is a PATHEXT environment variable, which contains 
extensions that signal that the program is executable. Add .PY and 
.PYW to this list and you will be good to go.

-- 
rzed
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Re: python coding contest

[André Malo]

* anonymous wrote:

> are you importing zlib or bz2 ?

Haha, I've tried that myself. Funnily the bz2 result had exactly the same
length as the original. Code with that entropy is... nasty ;)

Still 179. It seems, I need to rethink the algorithm ;-)

nd
-- 
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:-)

# André Malo,  #
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Re: python coding contest

[taroso]

(Current status: 147 characters)
Nope - no imports at all.  The horrible thing is it's NOT the the most
unpleasant piece of Python I've written.

-T. "A gentleman is someone who knows how to play the bagpipes but
doesn't"

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Re: Windows and python execution

[Tim Williams (gmail)]

On 26/12/05, Mark Carter <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
What I would like to do it type something like > myscript.pyinstead of > python myscript.py

Open an explorer window or open "My Computer"

  Click on TOOLS then FOLDER OPTIONS
  Select the "FILE TYPES tab and click on NEW
  Enter  PY as the file extension and click OK
  Select PY from the list and click CHANGE
  Select your Python.exe executable from the list or (using other) from your Python folder
  

in your Python folder (c:\python24?) create a file called
python.pth  and add a line for any  *subdir*  that you
have stored your python apps and scripts in eg:

c:\pythonapps
c:\pythonapps\data
c:\pythontest
c:\pythontest\archives
c:\pythontest\archives\temp

HTH :)





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changing ethernet mac

[joe smith]

Has anyone got a tip on how to control the source and destination ethernet macs using python?I am trying to test a bridge-like device. I have  tried to use dnet and some of the other modules from Dugsong, but without success. 
I am using a win2000 os, so my options are more limited than in the *nix world. All help appreciated
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PyHtmlGUI Project is looking for developers

[phoenixathell]

Hi all,

the PyHtmlGUI Project (http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/pyhtmlgui)
is looking for developers that want to join.

The aim of the project is to create a web application framework. The
API of PyHtmlGUI wants to be close to Trolltechs famous Qt API but
incooperates the idea of a text based renderengine instead of the pixel
based one. The obviouse target is html/css but through xml rendering
process nearly every textual output could be generated.

So far we finished a proof-of-concept prototype that is available via
CVS from sourceforge. Now we would like to extend this prototype to a
full useable framework. But therefore we would like to have more
developer involved. On the one hand because of time issues on the other
hand to get new ideas and comments for the project.

What skills you should have to join ?

Well, you should at least be able to program in python ;).

But of course a very big plus is knowledge about Qt because the basic
idea is to transfer Qt's API to PyHtmlGUI. But it is not necessary that
you are a Qt guru. And if you don't have the slightest idea what Qt is
you could still help us with bugfixing and unittesting.

The bottom line is that we are looking for people that can help us to
create a great web application framework.

How can you join ?

Just write me a email.


Greetings,
Ingo

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Re: Windows and python execution

[BartlebyScrivener]

Well, can't help with the registry, but I suppose you could search
google for "edit system variables path registry" and find the hard way.
The easy way is:

You need to add the path of the directory where you keep myscript.py to
your system path. You do this by going to Control Panel | System |
Advanced | Environmental Variables. At the bottom under System
Variables, edit the variable PATH and add the directory where you want
to keep your Python scripts.

rpd

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Windows and python execution

[Mark Carter]

What I would like to do it type something like
 > myscript.py
instead of
 > python myscript.py
on a Windows console. I know its possible because Ruby scripts manage to 
do this - I just don't know the registry settings that need to be 
tweaked to enable it. Any ideas (I'd prefer to know the registry 
settings rather than a graphical way to accomplish the goal)?
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Re: Indentation/whitespace

[jussij]

> i think you can't call an editor python capable unless it
> shows you clearly hard (yuck)or soft tabs like View /
> Show Invisibles in textmate, View / view whitespace in
> komodo.

Zeus for Windows has this View / View whitespace feature:

   http://www.zeusedit.com
   Note: Zeus is shareware (45 day trial)

Jussi Jumppanen
Author: Zeus for Windows

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Re: Beautiful Python

[Jarek Zgoda]

Gekitsuu napisal(a):

> use strict;
> use WWW::Mechanize;
> use CGI;
> 
> This seems to be the de facto standard in the Perl community but in
> python it seems most of the code I look at has import statements
> everywhere in the code. Is there a sound reason for putting the imports
> there are are developers just loading modules in as they need them. I
> own Damian Conway's book of Perl Best Practices and it seems from a
> maintainability standpoint  that having all the modules declared at the
> beginning would make it easier for someone coming behind you to see
> what other modules they need to use yours. Being new I didn't know if
> there was a performance reason for doing this or it is simply a common
> habit of developers.

Sometimes putting import statements at the beginning is not feasible
(i.e. only when some condition has been met), as importing has some
impact on program execution (importing executes code in imported
module). This does not resemble Java imports (I don't know Perl).

-- 
Jarek Zgoda
http://jpa.berlios.de/
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Re: python coding contest

[Brian Beck]

> I don't think either of these would help in this case.  While the
> length of the compressed string might be significantly shorter than
> your solution, the resulting string *literal* you decompress will
> contain a bunch of \-escaped characters, so it will end up being longer.

PS: I'm at 155, damn you taroso...

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Re: python coding contest

[Brian Beck]

anonymous wrote:
> are you importing zlib or bz2 ?

I don't think either of these would help in this case.  While the
length of the compressed string might be significantly shorter than
your solution, the resulting string *literal* you decompress will
contain a bunch of \-escaped characters, so it will end up being longer.

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Re: python coding contest

[anonymous]

  gmail.com> writes:

> 
> Currently I'm on 149 characters in  one line - 128 without
> spaces/newlines.  (it'd be three characters shorter if it didn't have
> to end with a "\n")
> 
> -T. "unclean... unclean..."
> 

are you importing zlib or bz2 ?


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Beautiful Python

[Gekitsuu]

I've been reading a lot of python modules lately to see how they work
and I've stumbled across something that's sort of annoying and wanted
to find out of there was a good reason behind it. In a Perl program
when you're calling other modules you'll add "use" statements at the
beginning of your script like:

use strict;
use WWW::Mechanize;
use CGI;

This seems to be the de facto standard in the Perl community but in
python it seems most of the code I look at has import statements
everywhere in the code. Is there a sound reason for putting the imports
there are are developers just loading modules in as they need them. I
own Damian Conway's book of Perl Best Practices and it seems from a
maintainability standpoint  that having all the modules declared at the
beginning would make it easier for someone coming behind you to see
what other modules they need to use yours. Being new I didn't know if
there was a performance reason for doing this or it is simply a common
habit of developers.

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Re: libxml2 and mindom

[ankit]

Hi Paul,
Now I am fixed with libxml2 and libxml2dom. but can you tell me to what
extent libxml2dom supports minidom.
because I want minidom for traversing. Where I can find the
documentation of libxml2dom.

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Re: python coding contest

[Peter Otten]

Simon Hengel wrote:

>> Is it necessary to keep the input parameter as 'input'? Reducing that to
>> a single character drops the length of a program by at least 8
>> characters. Technically it changes the interface of the function, so
>> it's a little bogus, but test.py doesn't check. (Personally I prefer
>> that if be illegal, but if it's legal I'll have to do it).
> 
> You may change input to something more short, like x. Everything that
> passes the test, has a good chance to be accepted.

How good is "good" for

import test_vectors
seven_seg = test_vectors.test_vectors.get

or code using the test suite in general?

Peter

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