t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
Anyone have splits for this ridiculous pace? http://216.199.31.228/ath/_ath_men_5000m_final_heat_1_official.html Regards, Martin
t-and-f: www.teamdecathlon.com
www.teamdecathlon.com http://www.teamdecathlon.comworld double decathlon/heptathlon champs coming up on 22-23 sept. -Original Message- From: Martin J. Dixon [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: 06 September 2001 12:18 To: Track Field List Subject:t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results Anyone have splits for this ridiculous pace? http://216.199.31.228/ath/_ath_men_5000m_final_heat_1_official.html Regards, Martin Important Information This e-mail constitutes a confidential communication and is subject to legal privilege. If you have received this e-mail in error, please notify us immediately. You should not use or copy it for any purpose, nor disclose it to any other person.
RE: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
Is this the first time in any major international competition where the men's gold medal winning performance has been slower than the women's??? -Original Message- From: Martin J. Dixon [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, September 06, 2001 7:18 AM To: Track Field List Subject: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results Anyone have splits for this ridiculous pace? http://216.199.31.228/ath/_ath_men_5000m_final_heat_1_official.html Regards, Martin
Re: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
Post, Marty wrote: Is this the first time in any major international competition where the men's gold medal winning performance has been slower than the women's??? Did they run two extra laps or something? -- Wayne T. Armbrust, Ph.D. [EMAIL PROTECTED] Computomarx 3604 Grant Ct. Columbia MO 65203-5800 USA (573) 445-6675 (voice FAX) http://www.Computomarx.com Know the difference between right and wrong... Always give your best effort... Treat others the way you'd like to be treated... - Coach Bill Sudeck (1926-2000)
Re: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
I'm calling BS on this one, must be a typo. Surely someone would have taken off? Someone not sure about his kick would have taken off sometime during the race. Alan http://www.geocities.com/runningart2004 _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
t-and-f: 58 year old druggie
Is this accurate? - Kathy Jager, a 58-year-old U.S. track athlete, was reinstated following a suspension for a failed drug test. http://www.canoe.ca/TorontoSports/ts.ts-09-06-0108.html Regards, Martin
RE: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
From an AP report on the GWG 5000: The track and field program at the Goodwill Games witnessed probably the slowest 5,000-meter men's race in a major championship. The men's 5,000 field of five Kenyans, including world champion Richard Limo, and two Ethiopians, including Olympic gold medalist Million Wolde, made a farce of the race. For the first 10 1/2 laps, they loped around the track with no intention of trying to run fast. Then, they picked up the pace a little with two laps remaining, before going to an all-out sprint over the final 400 meters, which was run in 51 seconds - extraordinarily fast for a 5,000-meter race. Two-time Olympic silver medalist Paul Bitok of Kenya won in 15:26.10, slower than women's winner Olga Yegorova of Russia (15:12.22) Tuesday night and nearly three minutes slower than the world record. The time of 12:52.90 for 4,000 meters was slower than Ethiopian Haile Gebrselassie's 5,000 world mark of 12:39.36. -Original Message- From: alan tobin [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, September 06, 2001 9:50 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results I'm calling BS on this one, must be a typo. Surely someone would have taken off? Someone not sure about his kick would have taken off sometime during the race. Alan http://www.geocities.com/runningart2004 _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
Re: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
Giving Bitok prize money for a 15:26 will certainly go down as the biggest Goodwill gesture of the year. - | Bob Ramsak | TRACK PROFILE News Service | *Images, Features and Coverage of Track Field, Road Racing and Olympic Sport |Cleveland, Ohio USA |[EMAIL PROTECTED] | http://www.trackprofile.com | | Sign up for your FREE subscription to the TRACK PROFILE READER | at http://www.trackprofile.com/newsletter.html --- - Original Message - From: Post, Marty [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: 'alan tobin' [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Thursday, September 06, 2001 10:22 AM Subject: RE: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results From an AP report on the GWG 5000: The track and field program at the Goodwill Games witnessed probably the slowest 5,000-meter men's race in a major championship. The men's 5,000 field of five Kenyans, including world champion Richard Limo, and two Ethiopians, including Olympic gold medalist Million Wolde, made a farce of the race. For the first 10 1/2 laps, they loped around the track with no intention of trying to run fast. Then, they picked up the pace a little with two laps remaining, before going to an all-out sprint over the final 400 meters, which was run in 51 seconds - extraordinarily fast for a 5,000-meter race. Two-time Olympic silver medalist Paul Bitok of Kenya won in 15:26.10, slower than women's winner Olga Yegorova of Russia (15:12.22) Tuesday night and nearly three minutes slower than the world record. The time of 12:52.90 for 4,000 meters was slower than Ethiopian Haile Gebrselassie's 5,000 world mark of 12:39.36. -Original Message- From: alan tobin [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, September 06, 2001 9:50 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results I'm calling BS on this one, must be a typo. Surely someone would have taken off? Someone not sure about his kick would have taken off sometime during the race. Alan http://www.geocities.com/runningart2004 _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
t-and-f: Fw: TF 58 year old druggie
I'm answering my own post here. This is a response that was sent to the Can list. I'm not sure about the details of her reinstatement, but here is an August 5, 2000 news release from the MastersTrack web site that provided an update of her attempt at early reinstatement. First USATF informed the Arizona sprinter, 56, that her doctor-prescribed menopause treatment yielded a drug positive at the 1999 Gateshead world veterans meet, where she won six medals, including two sprint golds. http://www.masterstrack.com/news2000/news2000aug5a.html Regards, Jerry Kooymans I'm sure you all have seen it but there is a great shot of lister Kevin Sullivan and 4 Kenyans on the IAAF site. Here it is: http://www.iaaf.org/Multimedia/Photo/AthletesMen/NgenyN/Noah-Googwill.jpg Regards, Martin - Original Message - From: Martin J. Dixon [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Track Canada [EMAIL PROTECTED] Cc: Track Field List [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Thursday, September 06, 2001 10:15 AM Subject: TF 58 year old druggie Is this accurate? - Kathy Jager, a 58-year-old U.S. track athlete, was reinstated following a suspension for a failed drug test. http://www.canoe.ca/TorontoSports/ts.ts-09-06-0108.html Regards, Martin
RE: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
From an AP report on the GWG 5000: The track and field program at the Goodwill Games witnessed probably the slowest 5,000-meter men's race in a major championship. The men's 5,000 field of five Kenyans, including world champion Richard Limo, and two Ethiopians, including Olympic gold medalist Million Wolde, made a farce of the race. Farce?! I'd pay good money to see a race like this any day of the week. Had far more going for it than any of the ludicrous rabbit-5Ks they staged on the GP Circuit this year. This is the essence of REAL racing; see who blinks first. Anybody who thinks times have to be fast for a race to be meaningful don't appreciate the sport to the fullest. gh
RE: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
From an AP report on the GWG 5000: Then, they picked up the pace a little with two laps remaining, before going to an all-out sprint over the final 400 meters, which was run in 51 seconds - extraordinarily fast for a 5,000-meter race. Except that, of course, it wasn't a 5,000 meter race. Didn't these guys feel the least bit silly? I can understand deciding not to lead at 4:10 pace - or even 4:30 pace - but at 5:00 mile pace, unless there was one MONSTROUS headwind on a portion of the track, I'm stymied. OK, GH and the others who praised the World Indoor jog and sprint for its drama - does the drama still hold when it plays out over 14 minutes before anything happens, instead of 3? Phil
RE: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
Farce?! I'd pay good money to see a race like this any day of the week. Come to my local track, any weeknight. My friends and I will be glad to provide a thrilling 7-man duel over 12.5 laps. We will be happy to run 2.5 minutes off our PR's, with an ungodly-fast last lap, and a winner who upsets the formcharts every time out. How much money is good money? /Brian McEwen P.S. I thought watching skinny guys run fast over 2 laps was what the 800m was for? P.P.S. Sorry to razz you gh, I enjoy racing as well, but this is shameful from guys this good. The essence of REAL racing should include honest effort and pain also.
RE: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
Garry says: Anybody who thinks times have to be fast for a race to be meaningful don't appreciate the sport to the fullest. I don't think a race has to be particularly fast to be exciting (heck, I can get a lot of enjoyment out of a competitive middle school girls' race), but I would like to be convinced that the athletes involved were at least TRYING. The question I have for this particular race is: why? What's the point of everyone running like that? I don't get it. As it is, this race reminds me of those absurd bicycle velodrome races where they creep around the track at a near standstill and then burst into a furious sprint right at the end, or those boring basketball games where both teams stall for the entire game. Is this what we want track and field races to evolve into? If so, count me out. Kurt Bray _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
Re: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
From an AP report on the GWG 5000: The track and field program at the Goodwill Games witnessed probably the slowest 5,000-meter men's race in a major championship. ... Farce?! I'd pay good money to see a race like this any day of the week. Had far more going for it than any of the ludicrous rabbit-5Ks they staged on the GP Circuit this year. This is the essence of REAL racing; see who blinks first. Anybody who thinks times have to be fast for a race to be meaningful don't appreciate the sport to the fullest. gh Here I would have to agree with Gary. I have been in races like this - where no one would lead and the tension was high for who would blink first. I do think racing is about more than time. Who wins is important too. bd -- Benji Durden [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
--- [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Anybody who thinks times have to be fast for a race to be meaningful don't appreciate the sport to the fullest. If you want real drama, skip the first 14 minutes of the fun run, play chicken in the street with some big trucks, then come back and watch an open 400m, which is guaranteed to be faster than 51 seconds and will have just as many people in contention on the last lap... Dan = http://AccountBiller.com - MyCalendar, D-Man, ReSearch, etc. http://Run-Down.com - 10,000 Running Links, Free Contests... @o Dan Kaplan - [EMAIL PROTECTED] |\/ ^- ( [EMAIL PROTECTED] or [EMAIL PROTECTED] ) _/ \ \/\ [EMAIL PROTECTED] (lifetime forwarding address) / / (503)370-9969 phone/fax __ Do You Yahoo!? Get email alerts NEW webcam video instant messaging with Yahoo! Messenger http://im.yahoo.com
RE: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
In a message dated Thu, 6 Sep 2001 12:01:01 PM Eastern Daylight Time, [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: OK, GH and the others who praised the World Indoor jog and sprint for its drama - does the drama still hold when it plays out over 14 minutes before anything happens, instead of 3? At the risk of waxing Clintonian, define something happening. I would posit that one of the reasons that TV doesn't show distance races in their entirety is that no matter what the speed, much (even most) of the time is spent running at a fairly constant speed with few changes in order. So is it any more exciting to watch them plod at 63-second pace than it is 73-second? At least with the slow race, you know you're going to see one heck of a mad dash to the tape at some point, with everybody still full of fight, rather than it being who dies least. I haven't seen tape of Goodwill 5K yet, but w/ 4 guys finishing within 0.60 (and all 7 within 4 seconds) i bet that last lap provided more excitement than the 13-flat race did in Edmonton (and that was great). gh
t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
GWG 5000 results compared with athlete's PR. Ironically Bitok had the slowest and only non-sub 13 minutes (barely) PR: 15:26.10/13:00.10 - 1. Paul Bitok 15:26.61/12:56.50 - 2. Luke Kipkosgei 15:26.63/12:59.97 - 3. John Kibowen 15:26.70/12:58.57 - 4. Hailu Mekonnen 15:27.94/12:54.07 - 5. Sammy Kipketer 15:28.00/12:56.72 - 6. Richard Limo 15:30.51/12:59.39 - 7. Million Wolde Marty Post Senior Editor Runner's World Magazine www.runnersworld.com
RE: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
Too bad there were no American entrants. They could've hung on until a lap remained, at least. Heck, Brandon Leslie might've even been able to stay with them until the bell. sideshow
Re: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
Kurt Bray wrote: The question I have for this particular race is: why? What's the point of everyone running like that? I don't get it. As it is, this race reminds me of those absurd bicycle velodrome races where they creep around the track at a near standstill and then burst into a furious sprint right at the end, or those boring basketball games where both teams stall for the entire game. Is this what we want track and field races to evolve into? If so, count me out. At least there is some rationale for the bicycle race evolving as it does since the effect of being out front as opposed to drafting is so much greater on the bike. -- Wayne T. Armbrust, Ph.D. [EMAIL PROTECTED] Computomarx 3604 Grant Ct. Columbia MO 65203-5800 USA (573) 445-6675 (voice FAX) http://www.Computomarx.com Know the difference between right and wrong... Always give your best effort... Treat others the way you'd like to be treated... - Coach Bill Sudeck (1926-2000)
t-and-f: We are in need of people
The hours needed for these positions can range from 10:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Please notify my secretary, Alice Moore of your willingness to help and in what areas by December 15, 2000. Her number is 831-2840 or you can e-mail her at HYPERLINK mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] We need help in the following areas: Team Hosts (practices and game day) Luncheon (Friday, March 2) Selling Merchandise and Programs (March 2-4) Hospitality Room (March 2-4)
Re: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
Marty posted the following info: 15:26.10/13:00.10 - 1. Paul Bitok 15:26.61/12:56.50 - 2. Luke Kipkosgei 15:26.63/12:59.97 - 3. John Kibowen 15:26.70/12:58.57 - 4. Hailu Mekonnen 15:27.94/12:54.07 - 5. Sammy Kipketer 15:28.00/12:56.72 - 6. Richard Limo 15:30.51/12:59.39 - 7. Million Wolde Two observations: a) This doesn't happen with a more diverse field. These guys were all willing to run this slow because they knew that running faster wasn't going to lose anyone. Toss a Bernard Lagat in there makes things a bit more interesting, although Lagat ran pretty poor in the mile. Maybe Sully should have run the 5K? b) Nobody cares who takes the Silver or Bronze at the Goodwill Games (how is the prize money structured? I couldn't find anything out). So there's no incentive for anyone to take risks to split up the pack, if they think it will hurt their chances of winning. Finally, hell, as long as they were just jogging, they should have made it more fun by calling out preems for the winners of certain laps, like they do in bike criteriums. Imagine the runners, entering the backstretch, seeing a sign that indicated $500 to the leader of the next lap. Now imagine that 4 or 5 times during the race! Phil
RE: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
What makes this funny to me is that this was a very high-class field. Perhaps the best field of any event at the GWG. This group contains a world champ, Oly champ, indoor 2M record holder, and a bunch of general bad-asses. Perhaps the tiny field and unusual parity led to nobody taking any risk. Do these guys have to go slow when there is no rabbit? -Original Message- From: Post, Marty [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, September 06, 2001 1:01 PM To: 't-and-f@darkwing. uoregon. edu' (E-mail) Subject: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results GWG 5000 results compared with athlete's PR. Ironically Bitok had the slowest and only non-sub 13 minutes (barely) PR: 15:26.10/13:00.10 - 1. Paul Bitok 15:26.61/12:56.50 - 2. Luke Kipkosgei 15:26.63/12:59.97 - 3. John Kibowen 15:26.70/12:58.57 - 4. Hailu Mekonnen 15:27.94/12:54.07 - 5. Sammy Kipketer 15:28.00/12:56.72 - 6. Richard Limo 15:30.51/12:59.39 - 7. Million Wolde Marty Post Senior Editor Runner's World Magazine www.runnersworld.com
Re: t-and-f: NCAA-I men's XC poll
Dull...boring...The Grote Poll is done, be patient and check letsrun.com and hopefully those wiseguy Ivy Leaguers will post it. For what its worth, Arkansas #3 is a total slap in the face. I don't care who they lost and who they return. If Oliver Miller is in their top 5, I don't care, they have won 3 straight. They'll find a way to compete for the win. At least start them at #1 until they get knocked off. They have some decent guys back in Lincoln and Travis. Look at their roster, some dude from Eldoret, Kenyan named SILVERUS KIMELI, he might not suck. Grote adiRP/MMRD - Original Message - From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Thursday, September 06, 2001 12:06 AM Subject: t-and-f: NCAA-I men's XC poll THE MONDO NCAA-I MEN'S CROSS COUNTRY POLL (pre-season poll-9/5/01)First regular season poll: Sept. 25 Conducted by the UNITED STATES CROSS COUNTRY COACHES ASSOCIATION Ranking Team (first place votes)Points 1 Colorado (13) 397 2 Stanford (3)379 3 Arkansas342 4 Providence 334 5 Notre Dame 327 6 Wisconsin 315 7 Villanova 289 8 Northern Arizona253 9-tie Arizona 237 9-tie Georgetown 237 11 North Carolina State216 12 William Mary 200 13 Oregon 194 14 Iona College148 15 BYU 145 16 Indiana 138 17 Portland128 18 Weber State 115 19 Michigan107 20 Minnesota 100 21 Arizona State 94 22 Alabama 92 23 Wake Forest 68 24 Air Force 59 25 Oklahoma State56 Also receiving votes: Eastern Michigan 52, Dartmouth 36, Ohio State 26, Michigan State 24, Penn State 20, Texas 16, Colorado State 8, Duke 6, Northern Iowa 6, Washington 6, Florida 5, Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo 3, Missouri 3, Nebraska 3, Iowa 2, Princeton 2, St. Francis (Pa.) 2, Cal-Irvine 1. Sponsored by Mondo. Voting panel consists of members of the executive committee of the United States Cross Country Coaches Association. Compiled by Don Kopriva, USCCCA Public Relations Director, P.O. Box 3040, Lisle, Ill. 60532. For more information, contact him via e-mail at [EMAIL PROTECTED] or via fax at 630/960-3218.
Re: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
Wayne T. Armbrust wrote: Post, Marty wrote: Is this the first time in any major international competition where the men's gold medal winning performance has been slower than the women's??? Did they run two extra laps or something? No, they read the thread on this list about Harold Norpoth winning a European Cup in 15+, got nostalgic and decided to match it! Cheers, Alan Shank
t-and-f: Goodwill Prize $
Prize Money: Individual and Relay: Women's Steeplechase: 1st - $20,000 1st - $4,000 2nd - $12,000 2nd - $2,000 3rd - $8,000 3rd - $1,500 4th - $5,000 4th - $1,000 5th - $4,000 5th - $600 6th - $3,000 6th - $400 7th - $2,000 7th - $300 8th - $1,000 8th - $200 Bonuses*: World Record - $100,000 2001 World Best Time/Mark (outdoors) - $7,500 National Record - $5,000 Goodwill Games Record - $2,000 Personal Best - $1,000 (non-cumulative, non-wind aided) *Not including Women's Steeplechase. Women's steeplechase bonus is world record only - $5,000
t-and-f: humor
from Tom Fitzgerald's nationally syndicated column: A field of seven runners made a farce of the 5,000-meter race at the Goodwill Games in Australia. The runners loped slowly around the track for most of the race, then picked up the pace a little with two laps remaining before going into an all-out sprint in the final 400 meters. Athletes colluding in a ridiculous contest with an exciting finish? In this country, that's called professional wrestling.
Re: t-and-f: NCAA-I men's XC poll
In a message dated Thu, 6 Sep 2001 2:53:17 PM Eastern Daylight Time, Ryan Grote [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Dull...boring...The Grote Poll is done, be patient and check letsrun.com and hopefully those wiseguy Ivy Leaguers will post it. For what its worth, Arkansas #3 is a total slap in the face. I don't care who they lost and who they return. If Oliver Miller is in their top 5, I don't care, they have won 3 straight. They'll find a way to compete for the win. At least start them at #1 until they get knocked off. They have some decent guys back in Lincoln and Travis. Look at their roster, some dude from Eldoret, Kenyan named SILVERUS KIMELI, he might not suck. Grote adiRP/MMRD Good observation, Grote. Silverus Kimeli is a transfer from Cloud CC, where he won a nifty 1500/3000 indoor double and also placed 3rd in the 5K. sideshow
t-and-f: Re: Goodwill Men's 5k (fwd)
Forwarded results for men's 5000 at Goodwill Games... -- Forwarded Message: - 1 KEN 1082 Gold Medal BITOK, Paul 15:26.10 2 KEN 1089 Silver Medal KIPKOSGEI, Luke 15:26.61 3 KEN 1087 Bronze Medal KIBOWEN, John 15:26.63 Maybe Entine was right. I didn't realize that the Kenyans had reached such dominance that the rest of the world literally takes it lying down. ;^) Richard McCann
Re: t-and-f: Re: Goodwill Men's 5k (fwd)
from my TV notes BATTLE OF THE AGENTS The seven African runners are represented by two of the sport’s major agents/managersa purse of $55,000 is up for grabs in each event. KIM McDONALD Sammy KipketerKEN 12:54.07 Luke Kipkosgei KEN 12:56.50 John KibowenKEN 12:59.97 Paul Bitok KEN 13:00.10 JOS HERMENS Richard Limo12:56.72 KEN Hailu Mekkonen 12:58.57 ETH Million Wolde 12:59.39 ETH Whoever was in charge of the stadium music deserves a gold medal...late in the race, when the pace was still painfully slow, they put on the theme from Zorba the Greek, the song that starts off slowly, then picks up. As if on cue, the pack started to sprint just as the music got faster. And thank goodness that play-by-play man Tom Hammond has good eyes and was able to pick up the hip numbers as five Kenyans, all wearing the National uniform, came screaming down the straightaway. Walt Murphy
Re: t-and-f: Goodwill 5000 results
The question I have for this particular race is: why? What's the point of everyone running like that? I don't get it. As it is, this race reminds me of those absurd bicycle velodrome races where they creep around the track at a near standstill and then burst into a furious sprint right at the end... At least there is some rationale for the bicycle race evolving as it does since the effect of being out front as opposed to drafting is so much greater on the bike. Actually, that strategy has begun dominating velodrome racing so much that the races themselves have become ridiculous. I remember watching some of the '84 Olympics races. The desire to NOT be in the lead (and keep in mind these are head-to-head 2-person-only races) is so strong that they train for months on how to ride as slow as possible without the bike falling over (their feet are strapped to the pedals) on the highly banked track, so as not to be forced into the lead. The ultimate winner more often than not in the one who can go SLOWEST without crashing,- seemingly the opposite of what one would expect in a race. This is comparable to a World War II aerial dogfight, a tactic which continued right up 'til Vietnam- if the enemy got on your tail and you knew you could fly slower without stalling than the enemy aircraft was capable of, you hit the airbrakes, let the enemy slide by you, and then gun him down. Modern day Sukhoi pilots have perfected a technique to raise the aircraft nose at a very high angle- something they call a 'Cobra maneuver', sort of 'planing along' for a short period on thrust-to-weight ratio alone in a controlled stall, so that their relative forward speed is almost nil, knowing that western aircraft couldn't do this in close air combat.. Very impressive at airshows, but of course American and French pilots said they'd never get that close with western over-the-horizon air-to-air missile technology. For those interested, here's a compressed video: http://www.angelfire.com/ia/livremanobrar/aeronaves/su27/cobra.zip Anyway, it does seem kind of weird for a track distance race. RT
