Re: [Sip-implementors] Call hold with a=inactive

2023-09-07 Thread Roman Shpount
No, A is not on hold. Placing on hold requires a user action. Unless the user of A placed it on hold, A is not on hold. Anything done by B doesn't affect A hold status. _ Roman Shpount On Thu, Sep 7, 2023 at 8:38 AM Sundbaum Per-Johan (Telenor Sverige AB) < per-johan.su

Re: [Sip-implementors] Call hold with a=inactive

2023-09-07 Thread Roman Shpount
, B should respond with a=inactive, since B is on hold. _ Roman Shpount On Thu, Sep 7, 2023 at 6:55 AM Sundbaum Per-Johan (Telenor Sverige AB) < per-johan.sundb...@telenor.se> wrote: > Hi ! > > A question that I hope is simple for some helpful person to answer: > &

Re: [Sip-implementors] UAC sends ACK using transport UDP instead of TLS as specified in INVITE and Via

2023-08-29 Thread Roman Shpount
st Regards, _____ Roman Shpount On Tue, Aug 29, 2023 at 12:00 PM wrote: > The dilemma I have is a UAC (service provider) sends an INVITE with > transport=tls in the Request header as well as in the Contact header, using > the SIP: URI scheme (not SIPS:). > > > > The UAS (an SBC) r

Re: [Sip-implementors] What is the rule for retransmitting the SIP packet

2023-04-10 Thread Roman Shpount
No, they do not. _ Roman Shpount On Mon, Apr 10, 2023 at 12:25 PM Arun T wrote: > Thanks RFC talks about the non-reliable transport (UDP) what about > reliable transport (TCP). Don’t UE/NW retransmit? > > On Mon, 10 Apr 2023 at 7:12 PM, Roman Shpount wrote: > >&g

Re: [Sip-implementors] What is the rule for retransmitting the SIP packet

2023-04-10 Thread Roman Shpount
Please take a look at hhttps://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3261#section-17 _ Roman Shpount On Mon, Apr 10, 2023 at 9:20 AM Arun T wrote: > Hi All, > > Can any one share the spec./RFC which has information that SIP messages can > be re-transmitted if no response is receiv

Re: [Sip-implementors] How to differentiate Hold RTP and voice RTP

2022-10-10 Thread Roman Shpount
o decipher the reasoning behind each signaling scenario. So, YMMV _____ Roman Shpount On Mon, Oct 10, 2022 at 10:17 PM Dale R. Worley wrote: > Ranjit Avasarala writes: > > Another way to check is the SDP. for hold music, the media attribute > will > > be sendonly. where

Re: [Sip-implementors] How to differentiate Hold RTP and voice RTP

2022-09-22 Thread Roman Shpount
. For a generic solution, you need to use a VAD algorithm to differentiate between voice vs. silence vs. hold music. You can look at https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/webrtc/common_audio/vad/ for reference. _ Roman Shpount On Thu, Sep 22, 2022 at 10:56

Re: [Sip-implementors] RFC 3261 section 14.2 - "brand new call" does not specify whether the SDP should modify media attributes of an existing session containing a=sendonly or a=recvonly

2020-09-07 Thread Roman Shpount
This is why the general answer "it depends". I hope it helps, _ Roman Shpount On Mon, Sep 7, 2020 at 2:11 AM Shaun Stokes wrote: > Hi, > > We've been struggling with some of the interpretation used in RFC 3261 > section 14.2 which has created a conflict between the so

Re: [Sip-implementors] The purpose of late offers

2019-04-23 Thread Roman Shpount
. As a result, SIP signaling flow goes through SIP application server, but media goes direct between SIP end points 1 and 2. Regards, _ Roman Shpount On Tue, Apr 23, 2019 at 5:13 PM Alex Balashov wrote: > Paul, > > Why can’t it do that with an offer in the initi

Re: [Sip-implementors] Routing of ACK

2019-02-10 Thread Roman Shpount
ACK to 200 OK should be sent based on the route set, not VIA. Regards, _ Roman Shpount On Sun, Feb 10, 2019 at 7:48 PM David Cunningham wrote: > Hello, > > Could someone please confirm the correct routing of an ACK? > A device receives the following 200 OK. Should the

Re: [Sip-implementors] Does UDP fragmentation of SIP packets violate RFC3261?

2019-01-02 Thread Roman Shpount
it is probably better to use SIPS or avoid firewalls. Firewall and router SIP handling is almost universally broken and should be turned of, if SIP usage is expected. _ Roman Shpount On Wed, Jan 2, 2019 at 6:32 PM Philipp Schöning wrote: > Sonicwall Firewalls are dropping fragmented SIP pack

Re: [Sip-implementors] Question if we reject a re-Invite with 404, we need to send a BYE message to end a call?

2018-12-21 Thread Roman Shpount
the right course of action. Regards, _ Roman Shpount On Fri, Dec 21, 2018 at 2:23 PM Moy Amiga wrote: > Thank you Roman. > > But about the RFC 5057, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5057#section-5.1 > And I dont know if this RFC is for the NOTIFY only or also includ

Re: [Sip-implementors] Question if we reject a re-Invite with 404, we need to send a BYE message to end a call?

2018-12-21 Thread Roman Shpount
Sorry, BYE message. I blame this on consistent fat-fingering. :) _ Roman Shpount On Fri, Dec 21, 2018 at 1:31 PM Alex Balashov wrote: > BUY message? What is this, Broadsoft? :-) > > On Fri, Dec 21, 2018 at 01:29:26PM -0500, Roman Shpount wrote: > > > You will ne

Re: [Sip-implementors] Question if we reject a re-Invite with 404, we need to send a BYE message to end a call?

2018-12-21 Thread Roman Shpount
You will need to send the BUY message. 404 response only cancels the re-INVITE transaction, not the call. This being said, most SIP implementations will hang up the call (send BUY) when they receive 404 response to a re-INVITE. Regards, _ Roman Shpount On Fri, Dec 21, 2018 at 12:54

Re: [Sip-implementors] Appropriate back-off response for overly frequent registrations

2018-12-17 Thread Roman Shpount
unctionalities or your NAT type is > not compatible with STUN. > There are a lot of good reasons of not using STUN but there are no good reasons of not using STUN for UDP keep-alive. STUN keep-alive is extremely easy to implement. It is possible to verify packet valid

Re: [Sip-implementors] Appropriate back-off response for overly frequent registrations

2018-11-29 Thread Roman Shpount
On Thu, Nov 29, 2018 at 5:36 PM Alex Balashov wrote: > On Thu, Nov 29, 2018 at 05:35:19PM -0500, Roman Shpount wrote: > Now that the philosophical question is out of the way, what's the right > SIP response? ;-) > > 480 (Temporarily Unavailable) with Retry-After header.

Re: [Sip-implementors] Appropriate back-off response for overly frequent registrations

2018-11-29 Thread Roman Shpount
to respond to devices that misbehave and still allow them to work properly is likely impossible (i.e. device will likely be flipping gateway status on/off, but you will need to verify this with each device individually). Regards, _____ Roman Shpount ___ Sip

Re: [Sip-implementors] Appropriate back-off response for overly frequent registrations

2018-11-29 Thread Roman Shpount
r. > When TCP is used, the method mentioned in RFC5626, 3.5.1 can be used to > keep the NAT-binding alive. > Agreed _____ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list Sip-implementors@lists.cs.columbia.edu https://lists.cs.columbia.

Re: [Sip-implementors] Appropriate back-off response for overly frequent registrations

2018-11-29 Thread Roman Shpount
On Thu, Nov 29, 2018 at 2:44 PM Alex Balashov wrote: > On Thu, Nov 29, 2018 at 02:42:26PM -0500, Roman Shpount wrote: > > > Some devices do this to keep a pinhole in NAT firewall open. Pleases see > if > > you can enable keep-alive on your proxy and the device for the same

Re: [Sip-implementors] Appropriate back-off response for overly frequent registrations

2018-11-29 Thread Roman Shpount
essing the root cause. Other option is too have proxy to use some sort of in-memory DB to efficiently handle frequent registrations for devices that do no support SIP keep alive. Regards, _ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list Sip-im

Re: [Sip-implementors] REFER received before ACK, What should be done !!

2018-09-06 Thread Roman Shpount
it is intended for two UA sending INVITE to each other at the same time, not same UA sending INVITE twice. It will still work for re-INVITE (not REFER) but it is not the intended usage. Regards, _ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing

Re: [Sip-implementors] Some TLS questions

2017-11-21 Thread Roman Shpount
where SIPS client does not accept wildcard certificates. I definitely seen other clients that failed to validate wildcard certificates. Regards, _ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list Sip-implementors@lists.cs.columbia.edu https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/mailman/listinfo/sip-implementors

Re: [Sip-implementors] Some TLS questions

2017-11-17 Thread Roman Shpount
ted for a proxy to bend a 'sips:' Request URI scheme to > 'sip:' when adapting TLS to an insecure transport? > No, according to the specifications, it is not allowed for the proxy to change sips to sip. There are numerous implementations which still do it. Regards, _ Roman Shpount __

Re: [Sip-implementors] Arbitrary Via parameters

2016-10-06 Thread Roman Shpount
and, using a custom Via parameter is not standard compliant and might cause issues with some of the implementations, similar to what Alex have experienced. Regards, _____ Roman Shpount On Thu, Oct 6, 2016 at 7:45 AM, Neelakantan, Neel <nneelakan...@sonusnet.com > wrote: >

Re: [Sip-implementors] Arbitrary Via parameters

2016-09-30 Thread Roman Shpount
On Fri, Sep 30, 2016 at 5:38 PM, Alex Balashov <abalas...@evaristesys.com> wrote: > On 09/30/2016 03:52 PM, Roman Shpount wrote: > > As far as Via is concerned, the better and standard compliant >> practice is to encode any application specific data in VIA tag >>

Re: [Sip-implementors] Arbitrary Via parameters

2016-09-30 Thread Roman Shpount
encryption scheme. It is guaranteed that Via tag will be returned to the proxy unmodified. Regards, _ Roman Shpount On Fri, Sep 30, 2016 at 3:16 PM, Paul Kyzivat <pkyzi...@alum.mit.edu> wrote: > Roman, > > On 9/30/16 2:27 PM, Roman Shpount wrote: > >> On Fri, Sep 3

Re: [Sip-implementors] Arbitrary Via parameters

2016-09-30 Thread Roman Shpount
ich is needed to forward such SIP responses is in the Via generic parameter. Regards, _____ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list Sip-implementors@lists.cs.columbia.edu https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/mailman/listinfo/sip-implementors

Re: [Sip-implementors] Arbitrary Via parameters

2016-09-30 Thread Roman Shpount
by stateless proxies to store application specific state. There is no other place to put it. Skype for business was one example. I can probably find another 10-15 examples similar to that from other products. Regards, _____ Roman Shpount ___ Sip

Re: [Sip-implementors] backoff algorithms to prevent registration storms?

2016-08-10 Thread Roman Shpount
When average processing time is below the normal processing time, then 200 OK response is sent to registration messages. Regards, _ Roman Shpount On Wed, Aug 10, 2016 at 4:22 PM, Michael <n...@spearheadcommunications.ca> wrote: > When the initial registration time is met,

Re: [Sip-implementors] backoff algorithms to prevent registration storms?

2016-08-10 Thread Roman Shpount
, _ Roman Shpount On Wed, Aug 10, 2016 at 3:35 PM, Paul Kyzivat <pkyzi...@alum.mit.edu> wrote: > Roman, > > Interesting. That takes the load off the registrars, but the edge proxies > still must handle it. > > Thanks, > Paul > > On 8/1

Re: [Sip-implementors] backoff algorithms to prevent registration storms?

2016-08-10 Thread Roman Shpount
messages. When registration messages were refused, proxy would send a 500 error response with Retry-After header set to a random value between 30 and 60 s. Regards, _ Roman Shpount On Wed, Aug 10, 2016 at 11:00 AM, Paul Kyzivat <pkyzi...@alum.mit.edu> wrote: > I refreshed

Re: [Sip-implementors] SDP offer reject, fallback to previous state

2016-08-08 Thread Roman Shpount
on, the "o=" line of the new SDP MUST be identical to that in the previous SDP, except that the version in the origin field MUST increment by one from the previous SDP.* So, based on this the version should be +1 of the version in the last sent SDP, i.e. 3. Regards, ___

Re: [Sip-implementors] Handoff

2016-07-12 Thread Roman Shpount
ore reason why we use UDP timers for TCP based messages -- it gives the client time to detect the connection failure and recover the connection. _ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list Sip-implementors@lists.cs.columbia.edu https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/mailman/listinfo/sip-implementors

Re: [Sip-implementors] Handoff

2016-07-12 Thread Roman Shpount
On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 11:48 AM, Dale R. Worley <wor...@ariadne.com> wrote: > Roman Shpount <ro...@telurix.com> writes: > > We actually always use UDP like re-transmits even when sending SIP > messages > > over TCP or TLS. There are enough implementations that co

Re: [Sip-implementors] Handoff

2016-07-07 Thread Roman Shpount
ually delivered. Regards, _____ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list Sip-implementors@lists.cs.columbia.edu https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/mailman/listinfo/sip-implementors

Re: [Sip-implementors] Handoff

2016-07-07 Thread Roman Shpount
Either re-Invite with new Contact or INVITE-with-Replaces help to reduce the number of failed calls. _ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list Sip-implementors@lists.cs.columbia.edu https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/mailman/listinfo/sip-implementors

Re: [Sip-implementors] RFC 7118: impacts of transport=ws on mid-dialog requests

2015-05-21 Thread Roman Shpount
On Thu, May 21, 2015 at 10:23 AM, Iñaki Baz Castillo i...@aliax.net wrote: 2015-05-20 23:13 GMT+02:00 Roman Shpount ro...@telurix.com: I think RFC 7118 example 8.2 is missing that language that WSS is used based on the local client policy. This would make the entire example correct

Re: [Sip-implementors] RFC 7118: impacts of transport=ws on mid-dialog requests

2015-05-21 Thread Roman Shpount
On Thu, May 21, 2015 at 10:40 AM, Iñaki Baz Castillo i...@aliax.net wrote: 2015-05-21 16:37 GMT+02:00 Roman Shpount ro...@telurix.com: In general, some sort of language that in practical deployments client would typically use a local policy to send all the SIP messages through a pre

Re: [Sip-implementors] RFC 5626 section 4.3: protocol to flow correlation

2015-05-20 Thread Roman Shpount
is used and what type of connection is being setup. _ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list Sip-implementors@lists.cs.columbia.edu https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/mailman/listinfo/sip-implementors

Re: [Sip-implementors] RFC 7118: impacts of transport=ws on mid-dialog requests

2015-05-20 Thread Roman Shpount
be discussed in more details in sipcore. _ Roman Shpount On Mon, May 18, 2015 at 8:39 AM, Brett Tate br...@broadsoft.com wrote: In any case, there is no need for WSS URL transport parameter (as there was never a real need for tls URL transport parameter). Concerning tls, some

Re: [Sip-implementors] RFC 7118: impacts of transport=ws on mid-dialog requests

2015-05-18 Thread Roman Shpount
, but it was not clearly stated in the RFC. In any case, there is no need for WSS URL transport parameter (as there was never a real need for tls URL transport parameter). Is your intent to point the issue with the RFC example or to figure out the correct implementation strategy? _ Roman

Re: [Sip-implementors] RFC 7118: impacts of transport=ws on mid-dialog requests

2015-05-17 Thread Roman Shpount
message is sent and the transport used. One other comment that I had was that sips URI with transport parameter set to ws should imply requests sent over secure web sockets. I do not think there is an explicit need for wss URI transport. _ Roman Shpount

Re: [Sip-implementors] RFC 7118: impacts of transport=ws on mid-dialog requests

2015-05-16 Thread Roman Shpount
oriented protocols, such as TCP. TLS. or WebSockets. It is a very confusing and typically mis-implemented scenario. _ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list Sip-implementors@lists.cs.columbia.edu https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/mailman

Re: [Sip-implementors] Do I need SDP in order to refresh an already established offer/answer session?

2015-01-07 Thread Roman Shpount
, which ideally should get you the same SDP in response, but you should be prepared for a different SDP as well. The better option is to do a session refresh using an UPDATE request without SDP. _ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list

Re: [Sip-implementors] A Question about INVITE Server Transaction in RFC 6026

2014-06-23 Thread Roman Shpount
the caller hang up when they are done waiting for the call to connect. This is really up to you. The same way you can put maximum call duration at 24 hours and limit calls this way or you can let the caller hang up when they are done talking. _ Roman Shpount On Mon, Jun 23, 2014 at 5:45 AM

Re: [Sip-implementors] Outbound/GRUU/Path: NO way to receive in-dialog requests after TCP disconnection

2012-07-27 Thread Roman Shpount
to send responses or new SIP messages to the user agent over any flow that is associated with the same AOR and UID. The continuation of this discussion should probably take in sipcore. _ Roman Shpount On Fri, Jul 27, 2012 at 7:34 AM, Iñaki Baz Castillo i...@aliax.net wrote: Hi Roman

Re: [Sip-implementors] Outbound/GRUU/Path: NO way to receive in-dialog requests after TCP disconnection

2012-06-18 Thread Roman Shpount
raw, almost unimplementable spec which needs to be either updated or replaced (maybe with sip over websockets :). _ Roman Shpount On Mon, Jun 18, 2012 at 4:26 AM, Iñaki Baz Castillo i...@aliax.net wrote: 2012/6/15 Roman Shpount ro...@telurix.com: SIP Outbound is all about SIP

Re: [Sip-implementors] Outbound/GRUU/Path: NO way to receive in-dialog requests after TCP disconnection

2012-06-15 Thread Roman Shpount
On Fri, Jun 15, 2012 at 4:50 AM, Iñaki Baz Castillo i...@aliax.net wrote: 2012/6/15 Roman Shpount ro...@telurix.com: However I do a trick. If my proxy receives a request retransmission from a different IP:port, it updates its server transaction information so responses are now sent to the new

Re: [Sip-implementors] Outbound/GRUU/Path: NO way to receive in-dialog requests after TCP disconnection

2012-06-15 Thread Roman Shpount
or a specification update? _ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list Sip-implementors@lists.cs.columbia.edu https://lists.cs.columbia.edu/cucslists/listinfo/sip-implementors

[Sip-implementors] Outbound/GRUU/Path: NO way to receive in-dialog requests after TCP disconnection

2012-06-14 Thread Roman Shpount
header if original connection is closed, but this is almost universally useless for clients not located on a public IP. _ Roman Shpount From: I?aki Baz Castillo i...@aliax.net Subject: Re: [Sip-implementors] Outbound/GRUU/Path: NO way to receive in-dialog requests after TCP

Re: [Sip-implementors] Sending TCP response with RFC 5626 after proxy restart

2011-06-10 Thread Roman Shpount
NAT? _ Roman Shpount On Fri, Jun 10, 2011 at 7:52 PM, Iñaki Baz Castillo i...@aliax.net wrote: 2011/6/10 Roman Shpount ro...@telurix.com: 1. Client registers and creates two TCP flows to two different edge proxies 2. Client sends an INVITE message to edge proxy 1 which responds

Re: [Sip-implementors] Sending TCP response with RFC 5626 after proxy restart

2011-06-10 Thread Roman Shpount
or if there is a better solution. _ Roman Shpount On Fri, Jun 10, 2011 at 8:23 PM, Iñaki Baz Castillo i...@aliax.net wrote: 2011/6/11 Roman Shpount ro...@telurix.com: Well, I do not think you are correct. First of all, if UA receives a response over the second flow, it should

[Sip-implementors] Sending TCP response with RFC 5626 after proxy restart

2011-06-09 Thread Roman Shpount
and making the authoritative proxy re-route them over the alternative flow. I am looking for something similar for responses. _ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list Sip-implementors@lists.cs.columbia.edu https

Re: [Sip-implementors] Encryption SDP attribute

2011-01-26 Thread Roman Shpount
. _ Roman Shpount On Tue, Jan 25, 2011 at 11:32 PM, Bob Beers bob.be...@gmail.com wrote: On Tue, Jan 25, 2011 at 12:26 PM, Roman Shpount ro...@telurix.com wrote: Does anybody know in which RFC a=encryption SDP attribute is defined? I see this attribute used in association with SRTP

[Sip-implementors] Encryption SDP attribute

2011-01-25 Thread Roman Shpount
Does anybody know in which RFC a=encryption SDP attribute is defined? I see this attribute used in association with SRTP or RTP encryption, but I cannot find the standard or a draft that defined it. _ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors

Re: [Sip-implementors] RFC 5626 TCP flow recovery during a dialog

2010-08-24 Thread Roman Shpount
it can result in SIP messages flowing to a different client if connection was closed and a different UA opened a connection using the same origination IP and port, which is common when multiple UA share the same NAT address. _ Roman Shpount - www.telurix.com On Tue, Aug 24

[Sip-implementors] RFC 5626 TCP flow recovery during a dialog

2010-08-23 Thread Roman Shpount
established which is using a flow to this proxy, this dialog will have to fail, since there is no way to route the dialog specific requests through any other flows. Is this correct, or am I missing something? _ Roman Shpount - www.telurix.com

Re: [Sip-implementors] Implementing RFC 5626 CRLF Keep Alive

2010-06-10 Thread Roman Shpount
Correction to my previous message: It is section 3.5.1 CRLF Keep-Alive Technique that I was referring to, not section 4.4.1. _ Roman Shpount - www.telurix.com On Thu, Jun 10, 2010 at 7:39 PM, Roman Shpount ro...@telurix.com wrote: Hi All, I am trying to implement

Re: [Sip-implementors] Query - are *header* parameters (other than tag) of From and To part of dialog state?

2010-02-22 Thread Roman Shpount
this affects a lot of implementation and probably because of of this are not properly covered in RFC 3261. Roman Shpount www.telurix.com Date: Fri, 19 Feb 2010 13:51:30 -0800 From: Anders Kristensen ankri...@cisco.com Subject: Re: [Sip-implementors] Query - are *header

Re: [Sip-implementors] Query - are *header* parameters (other than tag) of From and To part of dialog state?

2010-02-19 Thread Roman Shpount
the header parameters are copied. The RFC 3261 should still match the request based on To and From tags. Older, RFC 2543 based user agents, will only match request to dialog if complete To and From headers are preserved. Roman Shpount www.telurix.com

Re: [Sip-implementors] Query - are *header* parameters (other than tag) of From and To part of dialog state?

2010-02-19 Thread Roman Shpount
, where request would only match the dialog if complete To, From and Call-ID match. Roman Shpount www.telurix.com On Fri, Feb 19, 2010 at 3:22 PM, Paul Kyzivat pkyzi...@cisco.com wrote: Roman Shpount wrote: From/To header should be preserved completely with all

Re: [Sip-implementors] Query - are *header* parameters (other thantag) of From and To part of dialog state?

2010-02-19 Thread Roman Shpount
I think the key here that end point suppose to indicate that it supports changing To and From headers in the middle of the dialog. If such capability is not indicated, changing headers is not allowed. Roman Shpount www.telurix.com

Re: [Sip-implementors] draft-worley-service-example-02

2008-09-19 Thread Roman Shpount
or at least some discussion on what happens in that case. P.S. From my experience payload type restriction is really unnecessary and will just complicate compliant UA. _ Roman Shpount ___ Sip-implementors mailing list Sip-implementors

Re: [Sip-implementors] few queries regarding SDP implementation formultiple bit rates for g.722 codec

2007-08-08 Thread Roman Shpount
and Policom seem to get this right. CounterPath declares 8KHz timing in RTP but uses 16KHz RTP clock (10 ms packets with RTP timestamp incremented by 160). Grandstream declares RTP clock to be 16Khz and increments RTP timestamp accordingly. __ Roman Shpount On 8/8/07, Murat Artun

Re: [Sip-implementors] few queries regarding SDP implementation formultiple bit rates for g.722 codec

2007-08-07 Thread Roman Shpount
of bandwidth. Lower bite rates simply leave space for a side channel inside the audio stream, which, IMHO, is not extremely useful in an IP environments. Furthermore, you can decode all of these bit rates as 64KB with minimal affect on the audio quality. ___ Roman