> Re: CS>Silver Generation with ULVDC > From: Robert Berger > Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 08:43:45
> Hi Mike, > A very good report!! > The oxidation potential for water is 1.228 volts. If you stay > below this voltage there will never be any oxides or peroxides > formed. The electrodes will stay clean. > "Ole Bob" Hi Robert, Thanks! And thank you for the motivation to pursue this investigation. I read all your posts that said you could make high ppm cs, and it stayed clear. I have to confess I didn't believe it, but you were insistent enough that I finally said I had to try to find out how you did it. Your post on the low current density was a very important clue. Thanks. I'd like to make 8oz of cs in 8 to 12hr without stirring, using discarded transistor radio batteries. For example, a 9V Duracell is specified at 580mA/hr into a 620 ohm load before it reaches 0.8V per cell. This is an initial current drain of 14mA. When the battery can no longer drive a boom box, there's still plenty of energy left. At low current, there might be enough for several months of cs production. This means the supply of used batteries exceeds the demand, which is a desirable situation in third world countries. According to the data shown below, it might be possible to run the generator on a single AA cell. This would be very advantageous since it would last even longer. My generator is an 8oz syrup jug with the electrodes screwed to a plastic lid. One electrode is two 12ga. wires in parallel with a wetted length of 3.85 inches. The surface area is 2 * 3.85 * 0.25 = 2 * 0.96 ~= 2 sq. in. The other electrode is 17 inches of 12ga wire bent into a "W" shape. For convenience, I simply claim the surface area is twice the other electrode, or 4 sq. in. (I don't trust my math on those curves:) The reason for dragging you through all this is that I found when I use the "W" electrode for the anode, I get a gray cloud around the two cathode rods at the end of the process. When I remove power, this falls off the rods and turns into the familiar brown mist we all have seen with the 3 nines method. Soon afterwards, the solution turns yellow and plates out. This never happens when I reverse the anode and cathode connections. Here's the run at 155uA using the "W" electrode as the anode, and without thermal stirring. I made some notes on the side to explain what was happening. Thu May 08, 2003, 5:57:48 pm 2.010V <-- Start process Thu May 08, 2003, 6:49:52 pm 1.701V Thu May 08, 2003, 6:57:41 pm 1.645V Thu May 08, 2003, 7:17:21 pm 1.513V <-- 1 AA battery voltage Thu May 08, 2003, 8:04:49 pm 1.239V Thu May 08, 2003, 9:33:27 pm 1.060V Fri May 09, 2003, 12:44:41 am 0.858V <-- No whiskers or smudges. Fri May 09, 2003, 1:36:01 am 0.831V Fri May 09, 2003, 2:43:41 am 0.772V <-- Tiny whiskers on one cathode Fri May 09, 2003, 3:46:01 am 0.770V Fri May 09, 2003, 5:10:29 am 0.747V Fri May 09, 2003, 5:59:02 am 0.734V <-- Whiskers on both cathodes Fri May 09, 2003, 10:22:15 am 0.677V <-- Reversed the polarity At this point, both cathode rods are covered with the gray cloud. I reversed the polarity, and the cloud gradually dispersed. This is good - I expected it to fall off the rods to the bottom of the glass. Also note the large drop in voltage across the rods. Fri May 09, 2003, 10:24:27 am 0.312V Fri May 09, 2003, 11:49:56 am 0.377V Fri May 09, 2003, 2:02:49 pm 0.412V Fri May 09, 2003, 3:08:20 pm 0.467V Fri May 09, 2003, 4:30:22 pm 0.461V Fri May 09, 2003, 4:37:18 pm 0.482V Fri May 09, 2003, 5:18:19 pm 0.663V Fri May 09, 2003, 5:52:13 pm 0.578V <-- stopped the process The salt test shows this is the strongest cs I have ever made. If I ran the same quantity of electrons at the normal 1.4mA, the solution would have turned black long before this and I would have thrown it away. I think it has a slight metallic taste, but it is not unpleasant. My friend (and cs guinea pig) says she can't detect it at all. The solution remains perfectly clear, but I do expect it to start turning yellow and plate out soon. But if people were to use it right away instead of trying to store it, they sure would get some high strength cs! Note that after 1 hr and 20 minutes, the necessary voltage could be supplied by a single AA battery (used, of course:) The solution could be seeded with a portion from a previous batch to skip over the initial portion above 1.5V. If we take 0.7V as an average voltage across the rods, the series resistor would be: R = E / I = (1.4 - 0.7) / 155e-6 = 4516.129 ohms A common 4.7k would probably work fine. I'll set it up and start testing as soon as I finish this post. So, "Ole Bob", this look very promising. Thanks to your prodding, there may be a simple and inexpensive method of making good quality cs, and no worries about the source of current. Please turn up the boom box, would you? Best Regards, Mike Monett -- The silver-list is a moderated forum for discussion of colloidal silver. Instructions for unsubscribing may be found at: http://silverlist.org To post, address your message to: silver-list@eskimo.com Silver-list archive: http://escribe.com/health/thesilverlist/index.html List maintainer: Mike Devour <mdev...@eskimo.com>