Simon: To put it simply. There is 'can' and there is 'may'. Places one 'can' go, and places one 'may'.
I can walk across my neighbours lawn, but I may not. I may choose to take a footway where I 'can' walk on a track, then take another footway where i 'may' walk where i 'can' on a path. In OSM track and footway can't coexsist. The 'highways' key has a mix of these as well as tags that state both, neither or something completely different. Likewise for rendering. Hope that makes sense.
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