*Effects of Spin-Dependent Polariton-Polariton Interactions in Semiconductor Microcavities: Spin Rings, Bright Spatial Solitons and Soliton Patterns*
http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3872/1/SICH_eThesis.pdf A polariton BEC is a different animal from a matter based BEC. It involves a process of energy flows and balances. These two types a BEC are not comparable as explained below. See chapter 1.2 The polaritons have a lifetime that is typically comparable to or shorter than thermalization times, giving them an inherently non-equilibrium nature. Nevertheless, they exhibit many of the features that would be expected of equilibrium Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). The non-equilibrium nature of the system raises fundamental questions as to what it means for a system to be a BEC, and introduces new physics beyond that seen in other macroscopically coherent systems. One thing I learned from this reference is that the spin of a dark polariton is 2. That is a lot of spin. A dark poloriton is in superposition with holes rather than electrons. On Tue, Dec 30, 2014 at 3:09 PM, MarkI-ZeroPoint <[email protected]> wrote: > Hi John: > > To answer your two questions: > > - Emphatically No > > - Huh? J > > > > I will go into greater detail about what temperature is when replying to > Bob’s response… > > But to answer your second question, what is ‘hot’ ??? That’s an imprecise > and relative word… > > > > Start out with any atom which is at 0K, in other words, at its lowest > energy state. In my model, electrons and protons are an oscillation of > some kind. At this lowest energy state, these oscillators will have **very > precise** frequencies and phase relationships between them. Here’s > another clue as to what this state is like: > > > > ---------------- > > > http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2012/06/08/theorem-unifies-superfluids-and-other-weird-materials/ > > > > “In Bose-Einstein condensates, for example, “you start with a thin gas of > atoms, cool it to incredibly low temperature — nanokelvins — and once you > get to this temperature, atoms tend to stick with each other in strange > ways,” Murayama said. “They have this funny vibrational mode that gives > you one Nambu-Goldstone boson, and this gas of atoms starts to become > superfluid again so it ***CAN FLOW WITHOUT VISCOSITY FOREVER.***” > > > > And this is a MOST important statement to understand what we are dealing > with: > > > > "One characteristic of states with a low Nambu-Goldstone boson number is > that very little energy is required to perturb the system. Fluids flow > freely in superfluids, and > > **atoms vibrate forever in Bose-Einstein condensates with just a > slight nudge.*** " > > ---------------- > > > > These are CLUES as to what we are really dealing with when it comes to > atoms/electrons/protons when NOT complicated by heat… heat is NOT the norm > in the universe. This is where we should have started when trying to come > up with theories to describe atoms and the subatomic particles… however, > living in a world bathed in heat from the sun, our theories had to deal > with the disorder caused by a multitude of heat quanta jumping around from > atom to atom like a hot potatoes game; each person is an atom, and the hot > potatoes are the heat quanta… > > > > My goal with Dr. Storms, and with The Collective, is to get an accurate > (or at least better) picture/understanding of what the ‘conditions’ are > inside the NAE/voids/microcavities. I would wager that it is very > different from what most are thinking… and if I’m right, then trying to > apply modern mainstream theories to how atoms are behaving inside the NAE > is not going to be successful. It’s a very different universe in there, > with a very different set of ‘rules’… > > > > -mark iverson > > > > > > *From:* John Berry [mailto:[email protected]] > *Sent:* Monday, December 29, 2014 11:04 PM > *To:* [email protected] > *Subject:* [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:FYI: Strong light–matter coupling in > two-dimensional atomic crystals > > > > Can an atom have a temperature between its different parts? > > > > Is an atom that is excited and about to emit a photon not quite hot? > > > > > > > > On Tue, Dec 30, 2014 at 6:09 PM, David Roberson <[email protected]> > wrote: > > I have considered what you are saying as being normal Mark. Relative > motion of an atom to itself is zero, so it is at zero kelvin as far as it > knows. When a second atom is added to the void, it becomes more > complicated but the relative motion of the two must become zero many times > per second as they collide and rebound within your assumed cavity. During > these brief intervals we have two atoms that are at zero Kelvin from their > reference frame. As you add more and more atoms to the mix the amount of > time during which zero relative motion exists between them becomes smaller > and less likely, but does occur. > > As long as you keep the number of atoms relatively small that are required > to react in the process of your choice, it will have an opportunity to > happen many times per second inside each cavity. Multiply that number by > the number of possible active cavities within a large object and you get an > enormous number of active sites that have the potential to react. > > If only 4 atoms are required at zero Kelvin in order to react as you may > be considering, it seems obvious that this will occur so often that a large > amount of heat will be released by a system of that type. When you realize > that it seems to be very difficult to achieve an LENR device that generates > lots of heat I suspect that the number of reacting atoms confined within > the cavity is quite a bit greater than 4. How many do you believe are > required in order to combine and in what form is the ash? > > On the other hand, if a reaction is virtually guaranteed once a modest > number of atoms becomes confined inside the void, then the limiting factor > might be that it becomes impossible to confine the required number under > most conditions. If this situation is the limiting factor, then a higher > temperature could well allow more atoms of the reactants to enter into a > void of the necessary type as more space become available when the cavity > walls open with additional motion. > > I am not convinced that this type of reaction is the cause of LENR, but at > least it should be given proper consideration. > > Dave > > > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > From: MarkI-ZeroPoint <[email protected]> > To: vortex-l <[email protected]> > Sent: Mon, Dec 29, 2014 10:54 pm > Subject: [Vo]:FYI: Strong light–matter coupling in two-dimensional atomic > crystals > > FYI: > > > > Article being referenced is at the bottom, however, I wanted to toss > something out to The Collective first… > > > > One of the things that caught my eye in the article is the ‘room > temperature’ condition… > > > > As we all know, atoms at room temp are vibrating like crazy since they > contain the equivalent of 273degC of energy above their lowest state. > Thus, ‘coherent’ states in condensed matter above absolute zero is almost > never seen. The article’s experiment was done in material at room temp, so > the observed behavior is a bit of a surprise. Perhaps what they have not > yet thought about is that the ‘microcavities’ have no temperature, as I > will explain below. > > > > This ties in with a point I tried to explain to Dr. Storms, and although I > think he realizes my point had merit, he glossed right over it and went off > on a different tangent. This was in a vortex discussion about 9 to 12 > months ago. The point is this: > > > > The ‘temperature’ inside a ‘void’ in a crystal lattice is most likely that > of the vacuum of space; i.e, absolute zero, or very close to it. Because, > temperature is nothing more than excess energy imparted to atoms from > neighboring atoms; atoms have temperature; space/vacuum does not. Without > atoms (physical matter), you have no temperature. In a lattice void, if it > is large enough (whatever that dimension is), there is NO ‘temperature’ > inside since the void contains no atoms. If an atom diffuses into that > void, it enters with whatever energy it had when it entered, so it has a > temperature. At this time, I have not heard any discussion as to whether > the atoms which make up the walls of the void shed IR photons which could > get absorbed by an atom in the void and increase its temperature, however, > would that atom want to immediately shed that photon to get back to its > lowest energy level??? So voids in crystals likely provide an ideal > environment for the formation of BECs. > > > > -mark iverson > > > > ARTICLE BEING REFERENCED > > > > Strong light–matter coupling in two-dimensional atomic crystals > > http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v9/n1/full/nphoton.2014.304.html > > > > Abstract > > “Two-dimensional atomic crystals of graphene, as well as transition-metal > dichalcogenides, have emerged as a class of materials that demonstrate > strong interaction with light. This interaction can be further controlled > by embedding such materials into optical *microcavities*. When the > interaction rate is engineered to be faster than dissipation from the light > and matter entities, one reaches the ‘strong coupling’ regime. This results > in the formation of half-light, half-matter bosonic quasiparticles called > *microcavity > polaritons*. Here, we report evidence of strong light–matter coupling and > the formation of microcavity polaritons in a two-dimensional atomic crystal > of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) embedded inside a dielectric microcavity at > *room > temperature*. A Rabi splitting of 46 ± 3 meV is observed in > angle-resolved reflectivity and photoluminescence spectra due to coupling > between the two-dimensional excitons and the cavity photons. Realizing > strong coupling at room temperature in two-dimensional materials that offer > a disorder-free potential landscape provides an attractive route for the > development of practical polaritonic devices.” > > > > >
