Assuming Kaons are generated within Ni 62 or Fe 58 Nuclei it still leads to
some other questions:
Why would less energetic particles such as neutral Pions or +/- Pion pairs not
be produced from Nucleus first before the Kaons are generated? This could be
due to a couple of reasons:
1. If there is a resonance effect particular to values energies than 496 MeV.2.
The energy of the Pions are not sufficient to tunnel through the potential well
significantly in relationship to their half-life.
Could Pions be produced in other lower energy system or through other elements?
Although Pions are are a product of the Kaon decay, perhaps Pions can also be
generated in lighter nuclei assuming 8 MeV per nucleon This would require
nuclei heavier than the rest mass of the mesons produced. (I don't know if
reactions along these lines have ever been reported so I'm being speculative.)
Pion 0 with 135 MeV: 135 / 8 = 16.8 nucleons. So a nucleus heavier than Oxygen,
maybe Fluorine, Neon or Sodium (Note that if produced a Pion 0 decays to 2
Gamma > 65 MeV after a very short half life)
Pion +/- pair with 2 * 139 MeV: 139 * 2 / 8 = 34.75 nucleons. So a nucleus
heavier than Sulphur, maybe Chlorine, Argon or Potassium for example?
Is the Spin Parity state of the parent Nucleus important?
Pions have 0 spin and Kaons Spin of +/- 1, I suppose that due to conservation
laws, in order for a Nucleus to generate these Mesons from an excited state
those nuclei would need to be even Nuclei with integer spin states such as Ni
62 or Fe 58. Nucleons with Odd nuclei such as Ni 61 would therefore not be able
to spawn these Mesons. Is this correct or is it the case that if no nucleon is
lost they can be generated from excited states in both Odd and Even nuclei?
If LENR occurs and Pions are observed but not Kaons perhaps it occurs due to
some process like this.
What is the impact of slightly lighter nuclei with just insufficient binding
energy to produce Mesons?
I wonder what happens if a lighter nucleus with to little binding energy to
form a Meson is in the mix could it have sufficiently high energy levels of the
right quantum states to still resonate closely and interfere with the
production of mesons form the other nuclei, by absorbing energy or interfering
with the resonance that would otherwise be used in the heavier nuclei for
generation of the Mesons for example Oxygen in the case of Pion 0 production
(perhaps desirable to reduce Pion 0 production) and Sulphur in the case of Pion
+/- production (not desirable if +/- Pions are wanted). I suppose lighter
isotopes would also have an effect such as Fe 56 or light isotopes of Nickel in
association with Fe 58 or Ni 62 in the case of Kaon production from Fe 58 or Ni
62. If the interfering nuclei decrease in proportion due to other effects of
the LENR such a Muon assisted fusion or Nucleon decay or nucleon spallation due
to the resonance, perhaps the Meson production becomes more efficient with time.
If I recall correctly it has been mentioned somewhere on LENR Forum by
ogfusionist I think that in some LENR fusion experiments Oxides can be
beneficial to the reaction and Sulphur can be detrimental, could this be partly
why? Oxides inhibiting Pion 0 production and therefore reducing risk of Gamma
from its decay, Sulphur poisoning +/- Pion production? I appreciate he was
probably indicating oxides were creating better NAE for fusion rather than
considering pion production.
From: stephen_coo...@hotmail.com
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Subject: RE: [Vo]:Neutral K mesons violates CPT
Date: Tue, 27 Oct 2015 13:53:16 +0100
In answer to your original question Axil, could this be "why LENR produces
Neutral Kaons"?
1. Nickel 62 or Iron 58 acts as a source of long life K0 through some kind of
external stimulation to greater than 496 MeV, probably collective and entangled
stimulation, possibly from lasers, Phonons, magnetic stimulation from SPP etc.
(perhaps resonance of the Nucleus to particular quantum states is required for
this?)
2. The long life low Kinetic Energy K0 mesons which are neutral have a
half-life of 51 ns and contain a balanced combination of +/- strange and down
quarks then maybe get absorbed by other nuclei including UDD and others.
3. The absorbed K0 in the nuclei interaction with other nucleons in the Nuclei
possible changing their type or leading to Nucleon disintegration and
generation +/- Kaons including the original s quarks from the K0? Can this
happen? Has this kind of behaviour ever been observed with K0 interactions with
Nuclie in other experiments?
4. Meson generation from the decay of +/- Kaons and 0 Kaons and further decay
chain through muons to electrons as described by Holmlid
5. Meson or Muon mediated fusion in Kaonic, Pionic or Muonic Atoms and Nucleon
disintegration giving enough energy to stimulate a source (phonon or SPP) to
allow further K0 production in Ni.
The initial source to stimulate the original K0 would need to be accounted for.
When we have the Laser could it stimulate this?Without the laser would SPP
perhaps present in the UDD or phonon stimulation be able to stimulate a
resonance to 496 MeV in the Fe58 or Ni62 Nuclei?
If neutral Kaons are generated from Ni62 and Ni58 how do we account for LENR in
Pd and Pt systems? Would we need Fe and Ni contaminants or would some Kaons
still be generated and tunnel in these nuclei? Or could they be generated but
interact with the nucleons within their parent nuclei, and cause nucleon
disintegration and generate +/- K and locally.
Just some thoughts probably there are still holes in the idea.
From: stephen_coo...@hotmail.com
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Subject: RE: [Vo]:Neutral K mesons violates CPT
Date: Tue, 27 Oct 2015 12:28:54 +0100
Regarding my earlier Comments :
" for a single K 0 to form this would imply a nucleus of heavier than Nickel…."
"*** If I understand correctly there are no sufficiently heavy elements
available in Holmlids experiment for Kaons to form this way? …"
This is not strictly correct.
Something new and potentially significant has come up:
In fact Nickel 62 and Iron 56 and 58 have higher binding energy per nucleon
than average about 8.79 MeV per nucleon. (I was previously assuming average
natural mass numbers and 8 MeV per Nucleon)
Ni 62 binding energy = 62 * 8.7945 = 545 MeVFe 58 binding energy = 58 * 8.7922
= 509 MeVFe 56 binding energy = 56 * 8.7903 = 492 MeV
Ni 62 and Fe 58 would both therefore be sufficient for containing a K0 Meson
496 MeVFe 56 on the other hand would just fall short.
Fe is present in Holmlids experiment as part of the catalyst to form UDD.
Ni is also present in Holmlids experiment as the target for the laser.
This could be very important since the energy of the K0 is very close to the
maximum binding energy, it should be relatively easy to quantum tunnel out of
the nucleus within its half life.
Could the Ni62 in the target (and maybe Fe58) be acting as a source of K0 long
mesons that then interact with other nuclei in particular the UDD.
Note like neutrons K0 long have neutral charge so could easily be absorbed by
other nuclei, but also have a half-life of about 51 ns before decaying to pions
.
These K0 could potentially interact with low energy impacts with any other as
well as the UDD, potentially leading nucleon changes or disintegration in those
nuclei.
Perhaps the energy released in these K0 interaction and/or associate muon or
meson assisted fusion is sufficient to stimulate further K0 production in other
Ni62 or Fe58 Nuclei.
From: stephen_coo...@hotmail.com
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Subject: RE: [Vo]:Neutral K mesons violates CPT
Date: Mon, 26 Oct 2015 17:56:52 +0100
Yup I agree with you Axil although I am no expert on these matters I also don't
know of anyway they could be generated from the protons. I will be interested
if someone has an explanation for that.
Just to expand on the strange quark pair generation idea:
This is why I was wondering that if sufficient energy is applied if a strange
anti strange quark pair can be manifested. If so quarks do not exist in
isolation so they would normally need to be contained in a meson. Unlike Pion 0
which contain + and - up quarks or + and - down quarks I do not see such a
meson for just + and - Strange quarks. (Does any one know if one exists)?
There are a few other Mesons however might be applicable. These are the eta
meson, the eta prime meson, the short K 0 and the long K 0. All these Mesons
are neutral and are their own anti particle. All these Mesons contain strange
mixed up combination of + and - pairs of quarks the eta contain Up, Down and
Strange quarks, the short and long K0 contain Down and Strange quarks. I'm not
exactly what they mean in physical terms. The eta and eta prime Mesons are
heavier than the Kaons and have very short half lives. The short kaon also has
a short half life. The long Kaon however has a longer half life of 51 ns.
(The strange combinations of quarks in eta and K0 mesons can be found in the
Meson list in this link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mesons)
Since K0 short and Long are their own anti particle I wonder if they can be
generated individually at lower energy than required for + - Meson pairs i.e
497 MeV for K0 long rather than 996 MeV for +/- Kaon pairs.
I should say that if this process is to work either it would need to be
contained with in the nuclei. For particles the mass of Kaons this implies
quite heavy Nuclei otherwise the energy would exceed the nucleus binding
energy, for +/- K pairs it would imply nuclei heavier than Antimony are
required (perhaps Pt if available would full fill this) for a single K 0 to
form this would imply a nucleus of heavier than Nickel. I suppose one could
imagine a resonant or entangled process where the energy was raised and
distributed across several nuclei, thereby liberating Kaons from all the nuclei
at the same time.
If heavy nucleons are available in Holmlids experiment this could lead to a
test of the idea by removing elements heavier than Nickel if we stopped seeing
Kaons (and maybe only see pions onwards), it could demonstrate that maybe this
process was in action.
HOWEVER:
*** If I understand correctly there are no sufficiently heavy elements
available in Holmlids experiment for Kaons to form this way? If I remember
right there are no elements heavier than Nickel listed? The catalyst I think
only contains Potassium, Iron and Oxygen. Is the is correct? If so it implies
another process must take place. ***
I think in the current consensus this leaves effectively two possibilities:
1. Concurrent Nucleon disintegration or annihilation with the production of
particles also including strange quarks, if so an explanation is needed as to
how down quarks can change to strange quarks for example.
2. Axil's SPP Analogue black hole Hadron evaporation. It will be amazing if it
can work that way, i wonder if there is a particular absolute proof way to
observe that , such as actually observing an form SPP and seeing Kaons come
directly as a result of it? I suppose we will have to wait for new high tech
equipment to see that.
But maybe there is another mechanism too. (Hopefully not involving any Gorillas
;) )
It is interesting that this test it may give us a window on CP violation too
Date: Mon, 26 Oct 2015 11:42:22 -0400
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Neutral K mesons violates CPT
From: janap...@gmail.com
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
I don't understand how strange and antistrange quarks can come from protons.
There would need to be a quark reformatting process involved that can turn
matter into different matter and antimatter types instantly. It is easier to
accept that light energy from the laser is turned into matter and antimatter,
especially since the color of the light changes the nature of the matter
produced. Said in another way, different light makes different matter.
On Mon, Oct 26, 2015 at 11:31 AM, Stephen Cooke <stephen_coo...@hotmail.com>
wrote:
Could generation of +/- s quark pairs be the trigger for nucleon
disintegration. Could each pair with an up quark to form kaons and force the
disintegration of the nucleons from which the up quark comes? Each s quark has
a rest mass of 100MeV. I'm not sure if there is a meson containing an s quark
pair however. Unless it is in the form of K- long or K- short also about 497
MeV that seem to contain a strange balanced mixture of + and - down and strange
quarks. I'm not knowledgable enough of a nuclear physics to know if this is
something to consider, but it seems intersting.
Sent from my iPhone
On 26 Oct 2015, at 08:03, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> wrote:
K−, negatively charged (containing a strange quark and an up antiquark) has
mass 493.667±0.013 MeV and mean lifetime (1.2384±0.0024)×10−8 s.K+
(antiparticle of above) positively charged (containing an up quark and a
strange antiquark) must (by CPT invariance) have mass and lifetime equal to
that of K−.
The mass difference is 0.032±0.090 MeV, consistent with zero. The difference in
lifetime is (0.11±0.09)×10−8 s. What's weird is that two different quarks types
are produced out of nothing. You just don't find strange quarks in ordinary
matter.
On Mon, Oct 26, 2015 at 1:18 AM, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> wrote:
in physical cosmology, baryogenesis is the generic term for the hypothetical
physical processes that produced an asymmetry(imbalance) between baryons and
antibaryons produced in the very early universe. The baryonic matter that
remains today, following the baryonic-antibaryonic matter annihilation, makes
up the universe.
LENR could be responsible for the past and ongoing production of matter in the
universe in violation of CPT and that negative matter (antibaryons) is being
sent back in time.
We see excess electrons pop into existence in LENR reactions. Could LENR be the
GOD reaction? In point of fact, Holmlid is producing electrons from nothing in
his experiment. Don't get excited, we are just talking here.
On Mon, Oct 26, 2015 at 12:53 AM, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> wrote:
CPT THEOREM
C(harge) -P(arity=reflection) -T(ime reversal) INVARIANCE is a property of any
quantum field
theory in Flat space times which respects: (i) Locality, (ii) Unitarity and
(iii) Lorentz Symmetry.
Holmlid is producing neutral K mesons. This particle demonstrates CP violation,
The discovery of CP violation in 1964 in the decays of neutral kaons resulted
in the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1980 for its discoverers James Croninand Val
Fitch.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP_violation
Who can say why LENR produces neutral K mesons?