One big limitation of gamma decay is for nuclear states of zero spin. This is the usual case in LENR. A state of zero spin cannot transition to another state of zero spin by emitting a photon. As discussed in chapter this violates conservation of angular momentum.
But there are other ways that a nucleus can adjust energy besides emitting an electromagnetic photon. One way is by kicking an atomic electron out of the surrounding atom. This process is called "internal conversion" because the electron is outside the nucleus. It allows transitions between states of zero spin. For atoms, two-photon emission is a common way to achieve decays between states of zero angular momentum. However, for nuclei this process is less important because internal conversion usually works so well. Internal conversion is also important for other transitions. Gamma decay is slow between states that have little difference in energy and/or a big difference in spin. For such decays, internal conversion can provide a faster alternative. Internal conversion may be where the excess elections come from in LENR systems. Electrons could be carrying away spin in a zero spin nuclear reaction. I am sure that in a complex cluster fusion/fission reaction nature will balance the spin books correctly. On Thu, Feb 13, 2014 at 10:28 PM, Bob Cook <frobertc...@hotmail.com> wrote: > Ed --Bob Here- > > I have assumed spin--angular momentum--is conserved. Are you saying > forget about that conventional thinking--that angular momentum is not > conserved in the lenr new nuclear process? > > Bob > > > -----Original Message----- From: Bob Cook > Sent: Thursday, February 13, 2014 6:52 AM > To: vortex-l@eskimo.com > Subject: [Vo]:Re: a note from Dr. Stoyan Sargoytchev > > > Ed--Bob here-- > > The protons are fermi particles with a spin of 1/2, so 2 protons would > create a new particle spin of 1 plus the 1/2 from the electron for a total > of +1-1/2. > I think deuteron's are Bose particles with a spin of 0. Correct me if I am > wrong. > > What happens to the excess spin? > > Bob > -----Original Message----- > From: Edmund Storms > Sent: Thursday, February 13, 2014 6:30 AM > To: vortex-l@eskimo.com > Subject: Re: [Vo]:Re: a note from Dr. Stoyan Sargoytchev > > Bob, these three particles create a deuteron after all of the excess mass > energy has been emitted as photons. The neutrino has very little energy > because very little remains when the d forms. The creation process is > unique > to lenr and applies to all the isotopes of hydrogen, at least that is my > model. if lenr is to be explained, you need to stop thinking in > conventional > terms. This is a new kind of nuclear process. > > Ed Storms > > Sent from my iPad > > On Feb 12, 2014, at 3:00 PM, "Bob Cook" <frobertc...@hotmail.com> wrote: >> >> Jones--Bob Cook Here-- >> >> Can you show how the p-e-p reaction as you understand it conserves spin? >> >> I would think that the newly fused particle, whatever it is, would have >> 1/2 or 3/2 spin--I do not know. >> >> If a positron is emitted, its spin would be -1/2 I think. That would >> make the new particle have 0 or 1 spin. >> >> The reaction of the positron and electron give photons with 0 spin. >> >> Bob >> >> >> . >> >> -----Original Message----- From: Jones Beene tt >> Sent: Wednesday, February 12, 2014 1:10 PM >> To: vortex-l@eskimo.com >> Subject: RE: [Vo]:a note from Dr. Stoyan Sargoytchev >> >> >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: mix...@bigpond.com >> >> The most elegant answer begins with the obvious assertion that there are >>> no >>> >> gammas ab initio, which means that no reaction of the kind which your >> theory >> proposes can be valid because gammas are expected. >> >> Actually not only would I not expect to detect any gammas from a p-e-p >> reaction, I wouldn't expect to detect any energy at all. That's because >> the >> energy of the p-e-p reaction is normally carried away by the neutrino, >> which >> is almost undetectable. >> >> Hi, >> >> Not so - the reaction produces a positron, which annihilates with an >> electron producing 2 gammas. They net energy is over 1 MeV and easily >> detectable. >> >> Jones >> >> >
