On Fri, Feb 17, 2023 at 9:49 AM Michael Thomas <m...@mtcc.com> wrote:

>
> Which brings up another question which is applicable to the problem
> statement: are mailbox providers like gmail, hotmail, etc getting abused
> from these replays? Some spam from whokn...@hotmail.com doesn't seem
> like a very good address from arriving spam. For that matter, do bulk
> senders even allow their domain to be the From domain? It seems like a
> pretty easy way to not affect their reputation is to require that the
> mail be sent in the name of somebody else's domain.
>

There's a good amount of bulk mail sent with d= that doesn't match the
visible From domain. Those signatures are typically used for DKIM based
complaint feedback loops, and because they grant reputation to "mom&pop"
non-technical customers who either don't own a domain or haven't set up
DKIM yet.  That DKIM d= domain has reputation on its own, independent from
the visible From domain reputation.

While I'm sure some replay spam is sent where there is a match between
these two domains, it's entirely possible that attackers tend to prefer
unaligned signatures, because that prevents the replay spam from showing on
DMARC reporting for the d= domain being replayed.

Taking Alessandro's idea a bit further with that fact in mind - what if we
had DMARC-style reporting specific to the d= domain? That could give us
useful data about where/when signatures are being used, and if/when they
are breaking.
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