RE: Traffic Shaping and LLQ on MSFC's and RSM's [7:61575]
Cisco TAC states that traffic to and from the FlexWan has to be routed through the MSFC and not just the PFC. This allows for the use of LLQ. -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Cohen, Michael Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: 1/24/03 8:43 AM Subject: RE: Traffic Shaping and LLQ on MSFC's and RSM's [7:61575] Could you tell me the behavior with FlexWan? Cohen, Michael @groupstudy.com em 23/01/2003 17:53:54 Favor responder a Cohen, Michael Enviado Por: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Para: [EMAIL PROTECTED] cc: Assunto:RE: Traffic Shaping and LLQ on MSFC's and RSM's [7:61575] Thanks to everyone who responded. I also double-checked with Cisco TAC and you guys are right. No LLQ on MSFC's or RSM's unless you're using FLEXWAN's. Thanks again... -Michael Cohen -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: 1/23/03 10:41 AM Subject: RE: Traffic Shaping and LLQ on MSFC's and RSM's [7:61575] Once I tried to use LLQ on the MSFC to priorize audio multicast traffic. The command 'sh mls ip multicast' (a tip from a groupstudy guy) showed that the multicast traffic was going through the PFC, so the LLQ was not helping. John Humphrey @groupstudy.com em 22/01/2003 19:47:44 Favor responder a John Humphrey Enviado Por: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Para: [EMAIL PROTECTED] cc: Assunto:RE: Traffic Shaping and LLQ on MSFC's and RSM's [7:61575] I've encountered this issue in our production environment with policy-maps. Here's the answer Cisco's TAC gave me. Since the msfc interfaces are software based, the MLS engine will bypass the route processor on most of your layer 3 packets. This prevents the shaping/policing policy from being applied on all egress traffic. You can, however, successfully apply the policies to all ingress traffic because it must travel thru the Layer 3 process before it is sent to the destination node. So, if you're applying a service-policy to a msfc interface it must be applied with input as the direction. I'm not sure what effect disabling MLS would have on this process but I'm sure the benefits (if there would be any) would not be worth it. You can however use QoS policies on the layer 2 modules with acl mapping to achieve much of the same benefits. jh Note: The information contained in this message may be privileged and confidential and protected from disclosure. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, or an employee or agent responsible for delivering this message to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by replying to the message and deleting it from your computer. Thank you. ThruPoint, Inc. Note: The information contained in this message may be privileged and confidential and protected from disclosure. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, or an employee or agent responsible for delivering this message to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by replying to the message and deleting it from your computer. Thank you. ThruPoint, Inc. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=61771t=61575 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Traffic Shaping and LLQ on MSFC's and RSM's [7:61575]
Thanks to everyone who responded. I also double-checked with Cisco TAC and you guys are right. No LLQ on MSFC's or RSM's unless you're using FLEXWAN's. Thanks again... -Michael Cohen -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: 1/23/03 10:41 AM Subject: RE: Traffic Shaping and LLQ on MSFC's and RSM's [7:61575] Once I tried to use LLQ on the MSFC to priorize audio multicast traffic. The command 'sh mls ip multicast' (a tip from a groupstudy guy) showed that the multicast traffic was going through the PFC, so the LLQ was not helping. John Humphrey @groupstudy.com em 22/01/2003 19:47:44 Favor responder a John Humphrey Enviado Por: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Para: [EMAIL PROTECTED] cc: Assunto:RE: Traffic Shaping and LLQ on MSFC's and RSM's [7:61575] I've encountered this issue in our production environment with policy-maps. Here's the answer Cisco's TAC gave me. Since the msfc interfaces are software based, the MLS engine will bypass the route processor on most of your layer 3 packets. This prevents the shaping/policing policy from being applied on all egress traffic. You can, however, successfully apply the policies to all ingress traffic because it must travel thru the Layer 3 process before it is sent to the destination node. So, if you're applying a service-policy to a msfc interface it must be applied with input as the direction. I'm not sure what effect disabling MLS would have on this process but I'm sure the benefits (if there would be any) would not be worth it. You can however use QoS policies on the layer 2 modules with acl mapping to achieve much of the same benefits. jh Note: The information contained in this message may be privileged and confidential and protected from disclosure. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, or an employee or agent responsible for delivering this message to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by replying to the message and deleting it from your computer. Thank you. ThruPoint, Inc. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=61715t=61575 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Traffic Shaping and LLQ on MSFC's and RSM's [7:61575]
A friend of mine mentioned that it was not possible to do traffic shaping or LLQ on a VLAN interface located on an MSFC or RSM in a Catalyst 6500 and Catalyst 5500 respectively. Can anyone verify this. Cisco's feature navigator suggested that it certainly was possible on the MSFC but I didn't see anything regarding the RSMs in the 5500. Thanks, -Michael CohenNote: The information contained in this message may be privileged and confidential and protected from disclosure. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, or an employee or agent responsible for delivering this message to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by replying to the message and deleting it from your computer. Thank you. ThruPoint, Inc. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=61575t=61575 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Default-info. originate in ISIS-Automatic?? [7:46380]
From my understanding in IS-IS a level-1/2 router will set the ATT bit on level-1 LSA's only when it has an active level-2 adjacency. All level-1 routers receiving an LSA with the ATT bit set will install a default route to the advertising router. In the event of multiple LSA's with the ATT bit set from different sources a level-1 router will install a default to the closest level-1/2 router. The purpose of the default-information originate within IS-IS is to have a method of manually overriding the ATT bit generated default routes. A default route generated by a router with default-information originate (regardless of level) will always be preferred over default routes generated by LSA's with the ATT bit set. A useful implementation of this would be when you want to default to a level-1 router for inter-network routing and route-leak into that level-1 area for intra-network routing. HTH, -Michael Cohen -Original Message- From: John Matney To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: 6/13/02 12:45 AM Subject: Re: Default-info. originate in ISIS-Automatic?? [7:46380] In my experience, what you are seeing is correct. Every L1/L2 router sets the ATT bit in its LSPs. The L1 router see this and chooses the router with the lowest metric and ATT bit set as its default route. No additional configuration should be required. Hope this helps. On Wed, 12 Jun 2002, Cisco Nuts wrote: Hello, Had a question on default-info originate in ISIS? Does a Level-1 router automatically get a default route from a Level-1-2 router? I read somewhere that you had to configure the default-info originate cmd. (similiar to in OSPF) on a Level-1-2 router so it could advertise this to other Level-1 routers inside the area. But in my case, when I do a sh ip route on a Level-1 router, I see a default route pointing to the Level-1-2 router without me actually configuring this command! Is this the case? Please advise. Level-1 router: RTC#sh ip route i*L1 0.0.0.0/0 [15/10] via 10.10.15.254, Multilink1 This ip addr. 10.10.15.254 is the Level-2 router(Lo0) that this router connects via a Multilink intf. _ Join the worlds largest e-mail service with MSN Hotmail. http://www.hotmail.com Note: The information contained in this message may be privileged and confidential and protected from disclosure. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, or an employee or agent responsible for delivering this message to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by replying to the message and deleting it from your computer. Thank you. ThruPoint, Inc. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=46573t=46380 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Isis in a Nbma environment?? [7:46538]
I believe you need a frame-relay map statement for CLNS. Something like this... frame-relay map clns 100 broadcast This should allow IS-IS to work over a point-to-multipoint FR NBMA network. If the network consists of a full or partial mesh I'd consider using mesh groups to limit LSP flooding. -Michael Cohen -Original Message- From: Cisco Nuts To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: 6/13/02 11:25 PM Subject: Isis in a Nbma environment?? [7:46538] Hello, Is there a special config for isis in a FR nbma environmentI cannot seem to find any examples on CCO..Just configuring ip router isis at the intf. config mode apparently does not workCCO does not have much info. on isis either. Thank you for your help. Regards My config: interface Serial0 bandwidth 2 ip address 10.1.255.6 255.255.255.252 ip router isis encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay lmi-type ansi end _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp. Note: The information contained in this message may be privileged and confidential and protected from disclosure. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, or an employee or agent responsible for delivering this message to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by replying to the message and deleting it from your computer. Thank you. ThruPoint, Inc. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=46574t=46538 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Tag Switching [7:43830]
I don't believe it is possible to run MPLS or Tag-Switching on the 2500's. I purchased a few 4500M's pretty cheap which support most MPLS/Tag-Switching features. Otherwise it's the 2600's and up... -Michael Cohen -Original Message- From: James To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: 5/10/02 10:22 AM Subject: Tag Switching [7:43830] Hello all This is a rephrase of my previous question on MPLS. Does anyone know if it is possible to use Tag-switching on 2500 platforms ? I have tried using tag-switching ip interface command on 2511s on a test lab but the command is not available. Is there a different IOS version that I need, I am running on 12.2 enterprise ? Any info on this is greatly appreciated. Thank you James __ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Shopping - Mother's Day is May 12th! http://shopping.yahoo.com Note: The information contained in this message may be privileged and confidential and protected from disclosure. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, or an employee or agent responsible for delivering this message to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by replying to the message and deleting it from your computer. Thank you. ThruPoint, Inc. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=43834t=43830 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Router for play @ home
OC12? I'm waiting on the OC192VSR interfaces to stick in my GSR's! Till then I'll have to settle with my OC48's:) -Mike -Original Message- From: ZAPP, JULIAN F (PB) [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, August 23, 2000 2:08 PM To: 'Ledwidge, Feargal'; 'Mike Sholar'; Group Study Subject: RE: Router for play @ home 7513 are nice, but I have more fun with my 12000 GSR's. I would rather have OC12, but the OC3 connections are fast enough. -Original Message- From: Ledwidge, Feargal [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, August 23, 2000 12:23 PM To: 'Mike Sholar'; Group Study Subject: RE: Router for play @ home I think you 'll find that a couple of 7513's will make for a pretty good home lab ... ;-) Feargal -Original Message- From: Mike Sholar [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, August 23, 2000 5:29 AM To: Group Study Subject: Router for play @ home Hello people! Not exactly a cert question, but it applies. I will soon be getting cable intenet access at the house, and would like to purchase a cisco router to play with behind the cable modem. What series router should I be looking at, just to learn the ios and play around with. I am working on my CCNA, and realize a physical router is not necessary, but I will be progressing upwards and would like the experience. I looked at the 924 cable modem/router cisco sells, and the $899 price tag was a little much for play-time! Thanks for the input. Mike MCSE, MCP+I ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: EIGRP Network Design Solutions Book
I'll second that. Jeff Doyle's Routing TCP/IP is one of the first books to delve into the majority of commonly used routing protocols used today at the binary level. Jeff is not only a knowledgeable engineer but a great technical writer. He explains things clear and concise. I owe a great deal of networking knowledge to that book and I definitely wouldn't of passed my written or lab without it... Michael Cohen CCNP, CCDP CCIE #6080 -Original Message- From: Hixon Sgt James R Jr [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Sunday, August 20, 2000 11:30 PM To: 'S.K. Chan'; '[EMAIL PROTECTED]' Subject: EIGRP Network Design Solutions Book It is good, but the daddy of them all ( personal opinion only here- don't want some one to scold me) is Doyle's Routing TCP/IP. That is a awesome book that will knock you socks off. -Original Message- From: S.K. Chan [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, August 16, 2000 6:46 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: EIGRP Network Design Solutions Book It's a great book, must read for CCIE level exam!!! SK Robert Padjen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... This is a very good book, although I wish Ivan would update it with more information regarding EIGRP. I would (and have) recommended that no organization consider implementing EIGRP without reviewing its contents. --- Shane Stockman [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Can anyone give some feedback as to whether this would be a good book to buy to futher my network design knowledge or could someone recommend a better book. EIGRP Network Design Solutions Author: Ivan Pepelnjak, CCIE SRP: $55.00 ISBN: 1578701651 Pages: 366 Pub Date: Oct 1999 Media: Web site Thanks Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] = Robert Padjen __ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Mail - Free email you can access from anywhere! http://mail.yahoo.com/ ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] --- ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
ATM configuration
Hi James, How's Lucent treat'n ya? The configuration for the LS 1010 to inform the router interfaces (UNI's) of what the LECS NSAP address is would be "atm lecs-address-default" under global configuration on the LS 1010. If ilmi is up and running between router and switch this should be all that is needed for the LS 1010 to inform the router of the LECS address. You can also manually enter this information on the routers or use the LECS well known NSAP address. Michael Cohen CCDP CCNP CCIE #6080 -Original Message- From: James Xie [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, August 15, 2000 4:41 PM To: Roger Wang Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: ATM configuration Roger, I did that. I need the configuraiton on the LS1010. Thanx. Jim Xie At 05:34 PM 08/15/2000 -0400, you wrote: At the minimum, you need under the ATM interfaces: atm pvc 1 0 5 qsaal atm pvc 2 0 16 ilmi Then do: show atm ilmi-status and you should see the prefix part of the NSAP address. HTH, Rog -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of James Xie Sent: Tuesday, August 15, 2000 4:51 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: ATM configuration Hi, I am trying to set up an ATM LANE testing with one LS1010 and 2 routers with ATM interfaces. Does anyone know how to make the routers to get ATM prefix from LS1010. Thanx. Jim Xie ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
IP classless/Default routes
Actually, I believe this is incorrect. If you enter two static default routes with the same administrative distance (in this case 1) then (depending on any configured maximum paths statement, I believe the default is 4) the router will load balance using both addresses. If the router will load balance on per-packet or per-destination basis will depend on the switching method used. The reason one of your default routes dissapear when you disconnect one of your ethernet segments is that the route to your next hop address for that default route dissapears. If a router does not have a route to the next hop address then it will not install that route into the route table even though it is statically configured. To test this scenario using your previous example try adding a static route to 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 with a next hop address of 10.1.2.3. When both ethernet interfaces are up you won't see that new static route for 10.1.1.3 in the table because the administrative distance for that route is 1. The router as a connected route with an administrative distance of 0 out it's ethernet interface for that network. As soon as you remove the cable from the ethernet interface with 10.1.1.1 connected to it (e0/0) the static route for 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 with next hop 10.1.2.3 will show up. At the same time both default statics will remain in the routing table and be used in a load sharing state. Michael Cohen CCDP, CCNP CCIE #6080 -Original Message- From: Donald B Johnson Jr [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, August 08, 2000 3:02 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; Dave Page Subject: IP classless/Default routes Dave Let me clear this up a little, you can place more than one default route in the routing table but the router will only use the first entry. If that link goes down the next default route will be used. Here is the config, interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast interface Ethernet0/1 ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast Router#conf Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#ip routing Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.3 Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.2.3 Router(config)#^Z Router# 00:08:49: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Router#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.3 to network 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.1.1.3 [1/0] via 10.1.2.3 Router# Notice that the first ip route entry is the Gateway of last resort. Now watch what happens when I disconnect the cable to E0/0 Router# 00:15:20: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed s tate to down Router#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is 10.1.2.3 to network 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.1.2.3 Router# Now notice that the second ip route entry is the Gateway of last resort. Now watch what happens when I reconnect the E0/0 cable. Router# 00:19:27: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed s tate to up Router#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is 10.1.2.3 to network 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.1.2.3 [1/0] via 10.1.1.3 Router# The original default gateway is now the backup route. If you want to install the first route as the one to use after the link
RE: IP classless/Default routes
Actually, I believe this is incorrect. If you enter two static default routes with the same administrative distance (in this case 1) then (depending on any configured maximum paths statement, I believe the default is 4) the router will load balance using both addresses. If the router will load balance on per-packet or per-destination basis will depend on the switching method used. The reason one of your default routes dissapear when you disconnect one of your ethernet segments is that the route to your next hop address for that default route dissapears. If a router does not have a route to the next hop address then it will not install that route into the route table even though it is statically configured. To test this scenario using your previous example try adding a static route to 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 with a next hop address of 10.1.2.3. When both ethernet interfaces are up you won't see that new static route for 10.1.1.3 in the table because the administrative distance for that route is 1. The router as a connected route with an administrative distance of 0 out it's ethernet interface for that network. As soon as you remove the cable from the ethernet interface with 10.1.1.1 connected to it (e0/0) the static route for 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 with next hop 10.1.2.3 will show up. At the same time both default statics will remain in the routing table and be used in a load sharing state. Michael Cohen CCDP, CCNP CCIE #6080 -Original Message- From: Donald B Johnson Jr [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, August 08, 2000 3:02 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; Dave Page Subject: IP classless/Default routes Dave Let me clear this up a little, you can place more than one default route in the routing table but the router will only use the first entry. If that link goes down the next default route will be used. Here is the config, interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast interface Ethernet0/1 ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast Router#conf Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#ip routing Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.3 Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.2.3 Router(config)#^Z Router# 00:08:49: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Router#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.3 to network 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.1.1.3 [1/0] via 10.1.2.3 Router# Notice that the first ip route entry is the Gateway of last resort. Now watch what happens when I disconnect the cable to E0/0 Router# 00:15:20: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed s tate to down Router#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is 10.1.2.3 to network 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.1.2.3 Router# Now notice that the second ip route entry is the Gateway of last resort. Now watch what happens when I reconnect the E0/0 cable. Router# 00:19:27: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed s tate to up Router#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is 10.1.2.3 to network 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1 C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.1.2.3 [1/0] via 10.1.1.3 Router# The original default gateway is now the backup route. If you want to install the first route as the one to use after the link
RE: You can call yourself and internetworking engineer when . . . .
Too funny. I can think of one incident about 4 years back when I was in the military and we didn't know anything about configuring cisco equipment. A friend of mine who lurks on this list like me (you know who you are Eric) and myself were trying to play a prank on a fellow co-worker and block traffic on his computer. We thought of an ACL to block his IP address but he was smart enough to change it if we did that. So we settled on creating a filter by mac address. The problem was we couldn't apply it to the interface so after a little reading we figured the interface needed to be in a bridge group to apply this ACL. Now, this interface was serving our entire building which was the Communications Squadron for the base. Needless to say when when everyone in the building started yelling we rebooted it and blamed it on a software crash on the router (hey these things happen:)... Michael Cohen CCDP, CCNP CCIE #6080 -Original Message- From: Ben Lovegrove [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, August 08, 2000 12:20 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: "You can call yourself and internetworking engineer when . . . ." (tongue firmly in cheek) I have this theory that you can call yourself and internetworking engineer when . . . . 1. You have run a debug command on a customer router while investigating a performance problem, or perhaps a security issue, and you have caused the CPU to exceed 100% and the router has hung/crashed. 2. You have edited an ACL remotely and reapplied it only to find you have blocked all traffic including telnet from your desk and you are now locked out. 3. In both of the above scenarios you have made up some story for the Help Desk/1st Line Support and asked them to get the customer to reboot the router, claiming that "a reboot may help the performance problem . . blah . . blah" 4. In each of points 1 2 the customer in question is a major account that has threatened legal action against your company for failing to maintain SLAs, or to close the account altogether. Does this sound familiar to anyone? Have you every felt that cold feeling in the pit of your stomach when you entered a command and the screen froze? Did you blame hardware/software/customer/gremlins i.e. anybody and anything but not yourself? ;-) Ben = Ben Lovegrove, CCNP Redspan Solutions Ltd http://www.redspan.com Cisco: Products, Training, Jobs, Study Guides, Resources. Do You Yahoo!? Get your free @yahoo.co.uk address at http://mail.yahoo.co.uk or your free @yahoo.ie address at http://mail.yahoo.ie ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Microsoft 'Routers'
I have seen Unix, Novell, and Microsoft boxes route in a functional network many times. This is certainly a viable solution for routing (depending on the exact router functions, size and design of the network) however I've usually used PC's running routing protocols not to route, but to choose the best router for a destination when multiple paths exist on an IP network and you don't want to send traffic to one router and then be rerouted back across the same network. This allows more efficient bandwidth usage on that network however it could cause a problem in OSPF with SPF computations if those boxes "flap" or get turned off frequently. That's why I've only used routing protocols on servers that should normally be up and active. Proper area design (link-state) and route filters (distance-vector) should of course be implemented regardless however are extremely important when using additional devices like PC's in the routing domain. -Mike Cohen -Original Message- From: Marlon Brown [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, June 13, 2000 4:46 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Microsoft 'Routers' What do you exactly mean by 'functional' ? Have you seen it working in a live network ? Unix for example, has provided more routing resources and it doesn't seem to be a viable substitute for a router device. Would Microsoft suggest to use the server as a router only ? The cost of a PC would be much more expensive than a Cisco 25xx... Thanks, From: "William E Gragido" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: "Billy Monroe" [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Microsoft 'Routers' Date: Tue, 13 Jun 2000 18:29:03 -0500 Excuse me, but Microsoft, Novell and various Unix platforms have been allowing for the routing of RIP and OSPF for a long time now. I have used Windows 2000 and it is functional. a -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Billy Monroe Sent: Tuesday, June 13, 2000 1:06 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Microsoft 'Routers' I see that Microsoft has provided resources to configure OSPF and RIP in Windows 2000 servers to provide routing capabilities. Has anybody evaluate this ? Do you think this could substitute 'real' routers ? Thanks, ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Microsoft 'Routers'
I'm not personally an advocate of using Windows however...Microsoft does claim to support QOS (802.1p), Multicasting, and VoIP (not in the OS itself but using applications that run on the OS)... -Mike Cohen -Original Message- From: Albert [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, June 13, 2000 6:19 PM To: 'Marlon Brown'; [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Microsoft 'Routers' I seriously don't think MS will hurt Cisco's routing business. Are you telling me that ISP, Corp will start using MS as a router? MS may be used as access point (hmmm, think of all the hole you can use). Can MS use QoS, VoIP, Multicast, ..? It is a big part for us here. Only if you cannot afford "real" equipment than you will you use it for everything. Think about it, you use printserver for the printer. "Jack of all trade and master of none" Albert -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Marlon Brown Sent: Tuesday, June 13, 2000 4:12 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Microsoft 'Routers' I disagree with you regarding the support issue. They could call the MCSE 2000 people :-) I just want to see where they want to go with this routing idea. John Chambers mentioned during an interview that he is aware that Microsoft might hurt Cisco routing business in the future. I know that MS Routing and Remote Access team is making huge investiments on these Routing features. From: "Chuck Larrieu" [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: "David" [EMAIL PROTECTED],"Billy Monroe" [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Microsoft 'Routers' Date: Tue, 13 Jun 2000 15:57:34 -0700 Assuming one wants to use MS products as routers, the same concern applies - what is the box capable of supporting? Are there cards for real WAN routing? Or is this just another cheap routers for use on LAN segments? And of course, there is always the issue of support. Who ya gonna call 3:00 a.m. Sunday when your mission critical network is down? Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of David Sent: Tuesday, June 13, 2000 11:47 AM To:Billy Monroe Cc:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Microsoft 'Routers' FYI, unix has also had routing capabilities inherent in the operating system, as well as software for BGP, OSPF, RIP and friends in free software like routed/gated since the beginning of the Internet. But, would I ever use any unix box for a router? Not unless it was five years ago, it was linux, and I was starting up an ISP with pocket change. That was the trend while companies were out there providing descent T-1/ISDN/PRI/Frame Relay cards and drivers for Linux x86 machines. The good thing about this setup, is that Linux can route a full T-1 without any trouble using aging 486 hardware (ie: very very dirt cheap router... $50?). But what's that , you want to route a DS-3? Unlikely. I don't know anyone that makes DS-3/HSSI cards for PCs. Anyone want to jump in on that? But, I've never trusted Windows NT/98 etc to do any routing, unless I wanted it to crash all the time -- and no I'm really not wanting to start a discussion about which is better or anything. I'd be interested to see how much microsoft has cleaned it up in 2000. I really have a lot of hope for this OS in terms of functions (ie: active directory) and hopefully a newfound stability. In general any PC is not built for high speed routing. There will be hardware architecture limitations to it's performance. Also, since the operating systems are so bloated (compared to something streamlined for routing like IOS), and running tons of applications at the same time -- unless you have a dedicated box -- a server will have a lot of other things to do other then route packets. If you have no needs for real performance, perhaps you could use a windows platform as a router, but considering the resource needs of Windows in terms of hardware, you'd be better off buying a real router instead. There is an interesting Linux mini-distribution out there called LRP, or The Linux Router Project. It's a linux OS that fits onto a floppy (or it did at least) and has full capabilities for routing and other things like firewalling I'd assume. I haven't looked at it for a long time. It's at http://www.linuxrouter.org although the server doesn't appear to be accepting connections right now. hmmm, I hope it's not running on a LRP distribution hahaha. David Billy Monroe wrote: I see that Microsoft has provided resources to configure OSPF and RIP in Windows 2000 servers to provide routing capabilities. Has anybody evaluate this ? Do you think this could substitute 'real' routers ? Thanks, ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info:
RE: BGP
This is a very interesting and complex question in my opinion. As I understand it the classification of whether a routing protocol utilizes a distance-vector or link-state algorithm depends on how that routing protocol announces it's routes to the network. With a distance-vector algorithim each device will include in it's announcements the destinations to which it is directly attached (depending on configuration) as well as destinations that it has heard about from other devices (also depending on configuration and route filtering). In contrast, in a link-state protocol, a device doesn't provide information about destinations it knows how to reach. Instead, it provides information about the topology (no pun intended from the previous phylosophy thread:) of the network in its immediate vicinity. Each device announces link-states of it's interfaces (again, depending on configuration) to all devices in the network or area. This ensures that all devices within that area/network have an identical database or picture of the network and can thus make routing decisions utilizing the SPF algorithm. As you can see, using a link state protocol will eliminate the need for route loop detection as loops could not exist if all devices in the network have an identical view of that network. In my mind, though BGP doesn't neatly fall into either category being labeled as a path-vector routing protocol, it would generally be considered more of a distance-vector algorithm because it doesn't have a consistent database of link-states but instead uses a table of routes that were announced to it from a BGP peer. EIGRP is along the same lines as far as classification is concerned. Though it establishes adjacencies, has low convergence time, and sends incremental/partial routing updates, it still uses the DUAL algorithm to find the best route from a neighboring routers route table and not a consistent link-state database. Cisco may claim this is a hybrid link-state/distance-vector protocol, but to me it is still distance-vector. If anything can be considered a hybrid protocol it would be OSPF as it uses both link-state databases (intra-area routes) and distance-vector advertisements (inter-area routes) when the ABR advertises all networks from a non-backbone area into a backbone area. Right Howard?? -Mike Cohen -Original Message- From: cisco cabanaboy [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Friday, May 26, 2000 10:59 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: BGP Is BGP DV, or LS? = ciscocabanaboy, CCNP-Voice, CCDP, MCSE, CNX, A+, N+, I-net+, BOFH... __ Do You Yahoo!? Kick off your party with Yahoo! Invites. http://invites.yahoo.com/ ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: ISDN caller ID
It is possible however not in the same way that IP address spoofing is. ISDN/PSTN calls use out of band signalling to establish communications. This means that there are totally seperate networks for actual voice traffic and call signalling. The signalling network utilizes the System Signalling 7 (SS7) protocol suite. It is in the signalling network where caller ID information is transmitted specifically in the ISDN User Part Initial Address Message (ISUP IAM) which is sent to initiate a call accross the SS7 network. To answer your question, though I don't know exactly how one would go upon manipulating the caller ID information contained in an ISUP IAM, it is certainly possible to hack SS7. You would need access to a Signalling Point (SP SS7 connection, usually a PBX) as this is where the SS7 network is terminated, not at the local loop. HTH, -Mike Cohen -Original Message- From: Bruce Moran [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, May 25, 2000 6:44 AM To: Cisco Group Study Subject: Re: ISDN caller ID can anybody answer this one? I am curious as to the answer myself. - Original Message - From: Cisco Wave [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Cisco Group Study [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, May 24, 2000 7:17 PM Subject: ISDN caller ID Hello There, Is it possible to spoof the ISDN caller ID, like spoofing an IP address ? I mean rewriting some part of the stack, and having the caller ID set as wished ? Or will the Telephone Company switch rewrite the caller ID ? Where is teh caller ID exchanged : q921 or q931 or somewhere else ? Thank you, = We are NOT Cisco Inc. __ Do You Yahoo!? Kick off your party with Yahoo! Invites. http://invites.yahoo.com/ ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Fibre Optic - 100FX
This has to do with the "bit budget" constraint in the CSMA/CD protocol. The collision detection part of the CSMA/CD protocol only works while ethernet devices are transmitting data. If any collision happens after transmission then that collision is termed a "late collision" and will not cause ethernet itself to recover. Higher layer protocols will have to retransmit. So, in order to detect collisions the smallest ethernet packet (64 bytes) factored in with the speed and distance of the link determine the maximum cable distance allowable for hosts to still effectively detect collisions while transmitting and CSMA/CD to operate correctly. This information also addresses a recent post by Dan West regarding CSMA/CD. When using full duplex ethernet, transmitting and recieving takes place on seperate physical wires. This means that the CSMA/CD protocol is not needed or used on full duplex connections. There was a reply to that post stating that CSMA/CD is still required when using full duplex ethernet due to multiple incoming frames from a switch to pc. This is incorrect. If a switch has multiple frames destined for one physical port it will transmit one at a time based on buffering mechanisms explained in detail by Howard Berkowitz in past posts to the list. However these buffering mechanisms are internal to the switch and are not in any way related to CSMA/CD. Full duplex ethernet is a collision free environment with no CSMA/CD protocol which is why the distance limitation is much greater than half duplex which must conform to CSMA/CD restraints. -Mike Cohen -Original Message- From: Tan Choh Koon [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, May 10, 2000 8:31 AM To: CiscoGroupStudy Subject: Fibre Optic - 100FX Hi all, Do anyone know the theory why 100Mbps Hub with Multimode fiber link, the distance is 412 m for Half Duplex and 2000 meter for Full Duplex mode ?? ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
