How to choose a stable SE image and MFSC IOS?
Guys, What is the recommended version for the Catalyst 6509 supervisor flash image for Supervisor Engine 1A. And what is the recommended MSFC2 IOS. ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Gateway of last resort ?
Guys, A very basic routing question. Are the gatway of the last resort is the same as the default gateway ? or there is any difference? Sherif ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Ip addressing question
Guys, While I am studying for the BSCN, I found the following question concerning IP addressing: Assuming your clients do not support subnet-zero, how many of your class C addresses are wasted by using the subnet mask of 255.255.255.192 and not using VLSM? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75% Ther correct answere is b. Could someone clairfy this. Thank you ! ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Private AS
Hi, I am trying to study BGP and do a network design using the BGP routing. I have a question regarding the Autonomous system numbers. Is there is any private AS?. Which AS I can use in a private domain.? Thank you ! ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: V.11, X.21, and RS232 are =
What is the difference between balanced and unbalanced? I didn't find any info or urls regarding the V.11 Thank you ! On Wed, 3 Jan 2001 18:48:27 -0500, mikey wrote: Basicly rs-232 and v.24 are the same standard. rs232 is the eia/tia standard and v.24 is the itu standard. Generally used for low speed unbalanced circuits. i'm not sure about v.11, couldn't find that in my refs. x.21 is another serial line standard, very common in europe and africa. Generally use for balanced, higher speeds circuits. Voltage levels and signals are different from than rs232. Not compatible. Although I have gotten a x.21 interface to talk to a rs530 interface at low speed, less than 64 k. hope this helps. I have seen pin outs and interface specs on cisco web site. don't have the url. should be easy to find with a site search. mikey - Original Message - From: John lay [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: mikey [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, January 03, 2001 4:38 AM Subject: Re: V.11, X.21, and RS232 are = Hi, Could you point to a URL that can explain each one or the differences between them or could you give more info. Thanks ! On Sun, 31 Dec 2000 22:53:42 -0500, mikey wrote: No John lay [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Guys, are the V.11, X.21 and the RS232 are the same interface. Thanks ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Lab excercises
Guys, Could you recommened any labs excercises concerning Frame relay, ospf, eigrp, rip,so I can practice more on these issues. I would prefer if they are free. Thank you ! ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
V.11, X.21, and RS232 are =
Guys, are the V.11, X.21 and the RS232 are the same interface. Thanks ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Confused (was Re: is this statement true ??)
Yes, makes sense. This means if you have a host connected to a switch with half duplex configuration the contention on the media will be only between the host and the switch port (the data coming/going to the switch). sense ? Thanks On Tue, 26 Dec 2000 19:26:56 -0500, Bowen, Shawn wrote: Yup, makes sense. I can only speak for 3Com on this one, but I believe Cisco implements similar features. On a 3Com Corebuilder (as well as their Workgroup Switches) they use fake collisions as a flow control mechanism. In other words if there was contention at the server or switch and they couldn't handle the load then a collision (a JAM) will be sent. Now, that said after we all just agreed that collisions can not happen on a full duplex Ethernet segment:) If you notice in Cisco texts that Collision Detection is disabled on full duplex links, this is not true. Collision detection is still there, at least on a 5000 and can be simulated by loading up a server at 10MB FD with a few 100MB FD clients on the other end of the Cat, you will see this in action. 3Com does the same thing, I thought this was kinda interesting. Shawn -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Priscilla Oppenheimer Sent: Tuesday, December 26, 2000 2:06 PM To: Andy Walden; John lay Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Confused (was Re: is this statement true ??) I think what John is getting at is that there is still contention. In his example with two clients trying to reach one server, there's contention at the switch, and at the server possibly. There's no contention on the medium itself. There's only one device trying to send at any one time. The switch has its transmit pair and the server has its own transmit pair. If the switch has two frames to send to the server, the backup happens at the switch. Does that make sense? Priscilla At 08:33 AM 12/26/00, Andy Walden wrote: This is correct. You don't use full duplex if you are competing for bandwidth, ie, plugged into a hub. But if you are plugged into a switch, there is only one bandwidth domain between the device and switch and with nothing competing for the bandwidth on that link so you can go full duplex. andy On Tue, 26 Dec 2000, John lay wrote: Priscilla, everybody, I am confused. Ethernet and FastEthernet uses the CSMA/CD as a channel allocation techinque in a shared media access envoiroment. Here it comes the confusion, when you are saying that the Full-duplex does not support CSMA/CD because the transmit and receive are on different wires. This implies that in this case there is no shared media, how come if you have two clients competing to talk to the same server simultaneously!! Thanx On Mon, 25 Dec 2000 16:36:11 -0800, Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: It's true for Ethernet because Ethernet's CSMA/CD media access control method has strict timing requirements, which result in strict length restrictions. Half-duplex uses CSMA/CD. Full-duplex does not. I wouldn't say it's true in general, however. Priscilla At 05:32 PM 12/25/00, Li Song wrote: "full-duplex can be used over longer distance than half-duplex" ?? what 's your opinion ?? _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, lis
Confused (was Re: is this statement true ??)
Priscilla, everybody, I am confused. Ethernet and FastEthernet uses the CSMA/CD as a channel allocation techinque in a shared media access envoiroment. Here it comes the confusion, when you are saying that the Full-duplex does not support CSMA/CD because the transmit and receive are on different wires. This implies that in this case there is no shared media, how come if you have two clients competing to talk to the same server simultaneously!! Thanx On Mon, 25 Dec 2000 16:36:11 -0800, Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: It's true for Ethernet because Ethernet's CSMA/CD media access control method has strict timing requirements, which result in strict length restrictions. Half-duplex uses CSMA/CD. Full-duplex does not. I wouldn't say it's true in general, however. Priscilla At 05:32 PM 12/25/00, Li Song wrote: "full-duplex can be used over longer distance than half-duplex" ?? what 's your opinion ?? _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Basic Voice configuration question
Hi, I will start next week my frist experince in voice configuration. The two remote sites are connected two each using frame relay. My question is: The right way to configure voice here, is to use VoFR and not VoIp, isn't? Any help is appreciated. ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: BRI Question
Or you can you can use dialer profiles. On Thu, 7 Dec 2000 00:12:22 +0400 , Mohamed Heeba wrote: yeah this is possible in case u use PPP as encap protocol u can config two different dialer maps on the physical interface with the two remote IPs and try to ping them , both connection will use only 1 channel for each about the D channel ...i guess u dont have to worry ..it will control both :)) Mohamed -Original Message- From: Jun Pati [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, December 06, 2000 11:19 AM To:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: BRI Question Hi, I'm a newbie on this list. Is it possible possible to connect one B channel to a location (Dallas) and the other B channel to another location (New York) at the same time? How does one D channel control both calls? _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: ASIC ?
Actually, Russell and others answeres satisfied my needs. Thanks guys On Fri, 1 Dec 2000 10:59:40 +0530 , Rayappa Mayakunthala wrote: Can I stop you all for a second? I think what John Lay is asking is what is the ASIC (which make, model, number) that is used in Cisco switches, not what does ASIC do? John? Rayappa. -Original Message- From: Russell Lusignan [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Friday, December 01, 2000 2:02 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: ASIC ? Aplication Specific Integrated Circuit.. It's a chip that performs a certain task in a device.. From the Cisco website Cat 3900 product info: The switching-fabric ASIC is responsible for managing the central shared-data buffer and its associated buffer table, which carries addressing information for the buffer. The 10 Gbps link between the switching-fabric ASIC and the shared-data buffer yields a 5 Gbps forwarding rate. The radial interconnect with network satellites minimizes the number of pins per data interconnection and distributes available bandwidth among the satellites. This design both maximizes reliability and lowers cost. A lot of vendors use ASICs because they perform their task quicker than software code relying on a central CPU and shared memory.. You could have an ASIC donig all the VPN encrypting/de-encrypting in a device and remove that burden from the CPU itself.. Hope that helps Russ.. "John lay" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Guys, What is ASIC which is found in Cisco Switches? Thanx ___ Tired of slow Internet? Get @Home Broadband Internet http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete the materialfrom any computer. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Tired of slow Internet? Get @Home Broadband Internet http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
ASIC ?
Guys, What is ASIC which is found in Cisco Switches? Thanx ___ Tired of slow Internet? Get @Home Broadband Internet http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Frame relay interface question
Guys, interface Serial0 ip address 3.1.3.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay interface-dlci 130 frame-relay interface-dlci 140 This is a multipoint interface, this means that the default for an interface (and not subinterface) is mulitpoint ? Thanx ___ Tired of slow Internet? Get @Home Broadband Internet http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Extended Ping and data pattern
Guys, While studying the CIT. I read that using the extended ping you can change the data pattern (0xABCD the default) to debug data sensitivity problems on CSU/DSUs or to detect cable-related problems such as crosstalk. I don't understand that, did anybody tried it. Thanks a lot ___ Tired of slow Internet? Get @Home Broadband Internet http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Trace and traceroute on IOS
Hi, What is the difference between the commands tarce and traceroute on the Cisco IOS. It seems that both gives you the same output, but the are not typically the same. When each one should be used. Thanks ___ Tired of slow Internet? Get @Home Broadband Internet http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Trace and traceroute on IOS sorry
Sorry guys, it seems that I was very sleepy at that time Thanks On Sat, 25 Nov 2000 10:06:39 -0800, Chuck Larrieu wrote: The full and proper command is "traceroute" This may be abbreviated to "trace" What differences are you seeing? Chuck -Original Message- From:[EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of John lay Sent:Saturday, November 25, 2000 9:49 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Trace and traceroute on IOS Hi, What is the difference between the commands tarce and traceroute on the Cisco IOS. It seems that both gives you the same output, but the are not typically the same. When each one should be used. Thanks ___ Tired of slow Internet? Get @Home Broadband Internet http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Tired of slow Internet? Get @Home Broadband Internet http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Stupid Cat 5xxx question
Shahir, The cable used for any console= rollover cable=pin 1 attached to 8 and if you rolled this cable over again it will become a straight cable. So the used cable is a straigh cable at the end as Elias said. I know you are trying to help, but I think this way you make others get confused. Make it simple by saying a straigh cable is needed. Thanks On Thu, 23 Nov 2000 15:52:25 +0200, Shahir Boshra wrote: well, the cable is the same cisco RJ-45 cable used for any console. it's in fact "inverted" meaning pin1 attaches to pin 8 of the other side and so on. ""Elias Aggelidis"" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message 024801c05548$665ab200$[EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:024801c05548$665ab200$[EMAIL PROTECTED]... NOPE ! It has an RJ-45 connector which you can use it with both DB25 or DB9 connectors from Cisco and a STRAIT cable NOT ROLLOVER ELIAS - Original Message - From: "Timothy Metz" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Newsgroups: groupstudy.cisco To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Thursday, November 23, 2000 12:59 PM Subject: Stupid Cat 5xxx question I've just read (and never noticed on the 5500 we have at work), that the 5xxx series has a RS-232 console connector (I assume this to mean DB9 or DB25) that requires the use of a rollover cable (it did not say null modem), so I guess that means I need two DB25/DB9 to RJ-45 connectors and a rollover between them to log on through the console port. Can someone please confirm. Happy Thanksgiving (to those who observe) Tim _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Tired of slow Internet? Get @Home Broadband Internet http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Committed burst Excess burst
Guys, I have a question regarding Frame Relay traffic shapping. I am try to understand the difference between the Committed Burst and the Excess Burst. I have been reading the BCRAN training material for that part, but the difference is not clear enough till now. Any simple claification on this issue is highly appreciated. Thanks in advance. ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
BCRAN questions
Hi Guys, While I am studying for the BCRAN, I found the following question with their answeres, I think that the answere of this questions are wrong. So I'd like to share this with you 1) choose all of the following that are correct a-A BRI connects to NT1 for 4-wire connection b-A BRI allways connects to TE1 The answere b is correct and a is not. I think a should be correct as well. 2)Which two configuartions must be the same for OSPF routers to establish adjacency. a-Routing process ID b-Router ID c-Area ID d-Packet TTL e-Hello interval The answere a and c are correct. I think c and e should be correct 3) What is an asynchronous dialup? a-Dial on demand routing b-Dialup server c-PPP conncetion from end user The answere is b. I think it should be c 4)what is an extended access control list but not in a standard access list? a-Source hostname IP address and subnetmask b-Source network IP address and subnetmask c-Session layer information d-Destination port information the answere is b. 5)When configuring dialer information. Which statement is correct? a-Values of dialer-group and dialer-list must match. b-Values of dialer-group and dialer-list must be different. c-If you set a value for dialer-group you must not set a value for dialer-list The answere is C . I think it should be a. 6)Which of the following would you use to prioritize dial interfaces? a-Dialer access list b-Dialer pool c-Dialer interface d-Dialer profile The answere is d. I think it should be b. Waiting for your comments. ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: HELP! ISDN DDR
Take it this way, With dialer profiles, the logical and physical configuration are dynamically bound to each other on a per-call basis, which allows physical interfaces to dynamically take on different characteristics based on incoming or outgoing call requirements. Lets go back to our practical situation. on the HUB side (Corp router) you need to receive calls from more that one spoke, then you need to apply profiles. On the sopke side (remote) you will call just one place which is the Corp, so there is no need for profiles here. Hope this would help Thanks a lot ME On Wed, 25 Oct 2000 09:51:11 -0400, Naasief Edross wrote: Thanks John!!! Do I do dialer profiles on the Corp router and dialer profiles on the remote routers, or only the corp router? - Original Message - From: "John lay" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Newsgroups: groupstudy.cisco Sent: Wednesday, October 25, 2000 9:55 AM Subject: Re: HELP! ISDN DDR You need to apply dialer profiles. Dialer profiles allow you to configure B channels of an ISDN interface with different IP subnets or Internetwork Packet exchange networks. ME On Wed, 25 Oct 2000 09:22:14 -0400, FRS wrote: Hi, I have 4 sites reporting back to Corp over FR I need to implement ISDN backup to all sites How do I get the single Corp BRI interface to accept the different remote BRI ip addresses and route accordingly ... I am running RIP righ now, only one remote sites is configured as: int bri0/0 ip x.x.3.2 255.255.255.0 no ip directed broadcast encap ppp dialer string 123456789 dialer string 987654321 dialer-group 1 isdn switch-type basic-5ess isdn spid1 12345678901 isdn spid2 98765432101 ppp auth chap ppp multilink corp config: int bri5/0 ip x.x.3.1 255.255.255.0 no logging event-subif-link-status isdn spid1 998887776554 isdn spid2 887766554321 dialer-group 1 no fair-queue ppp auth chap ppp multilink the ip addresses of the other remote site's bri are x.x.4.2/24 , x.x.6.2/24, etc. my question is : how do i get the configure the corp bri interface to recognise x.x.4.2, x.x.5.2, x.x.6.2 etc ... as it is now only configured for x.x.3.2 or does this not matter please help! thanks _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: HELP! ISDN DDR
You need to apply dialer profiles. Dialer profiles allow you to configure B channels of an ISDN interface with different IP subnets or Internetwork Packet exchange networks. ME On Wed, 25 Oct 2000 09:22:14 -0400, FRS wrote: Hi, I have 4 sites reporting back to Corp over FR I need to implement ISDN backup to all sites How do I get the single Corp BRI interface to accept the different remote BRI ip addresses and route accordingly ... I am running RIP righ now, only one remote sites is configured as: int bri0/0 ip x.x.3.2 255.255.255.0 no ip directed broadcast encap ppp dialer string 123456789 dialer string 987654321 dialer-group 1 isdn switch-type basic-5ess isdn spid1 12345678901 isdn spid2 98765432101 ppp auth chap ppp multilink corp config: int bri5/0 ip x.x.3.1 255.255.255.0 no logging event-subif-link-status isdn spid1 998887776554 isdn spid2 887766554321 dialer-group 1 no fair-queue ppp auth chap ppp multilink the ip addresses of the other remote site's bri are x.x.4.2/24 , x.x.6.2/24, etc. my question is : how do i get the configure the corp bri interface to recognise x.x.4.2, x.x.5.2, x.x.6.2 etc ... as it is now only configured for x.x.3.2 or does this not matter please help! thanks _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Forgot galton password
Hi Guys, I am trying to login to my profile at Galton with no success, it seems that I forgot the password. Anyway There is a Help saying "If you have forgotten your password, you may be able to remember it by clicking on the "Prompt" button on the previous page." When I go to the previous page and put the user name I got the following message. "You haven't provided a prompt." Did you face this problem before? Thanks ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
E1/E3 Tester
Guys, Did you try any testing equipment for E1/E3? We are looking to buy one, but we don't have experince what is the best and what are the features that we should look for? Thanks ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html **NOTE: New CCNA/CCDA List has been formed. For more information go to http://www.groupstudy.com/list/Associates.html _ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CCDA=Toefl
Guys, Passed CCDA yesterday with 863 with passing score 755. A lot of scenario questions in the begining of the exam. I spent the first hour in the first 12 questions from 72 only ! Then I decided not to go back to the exhibit and read the scenario again. I got the feeling that I am doing the Toefl test with a lot of comprehensions. The Toefl test for the poeple who didn't hear about it before, is a test for people who wants to join an American or Canadian University and his/her native language is not english. STUDY WELL FOR THIS EXAM. ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html **NOTE: New CCNA/CCDA List has been formed. For more information go to http://www.groupstudy.com/list/Associates.html _ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CCDA summerization question
Guys, While studying for the CCDA, I found the following question in one of the exam preparation sites. The following IP addresses can be summaried by which bit of the 3rd octet 172.16.0.0, 172.16.64.0, 172.16.128.0, 172.16.192.0 --- 1st bit, first 2 bit, first 4 bit, last 6 bit I don't think that the following addresses could be summarized on any bit of the 3rd octet. If you have a look to the 3rd octet 172.16.0.0 --- 172.16..0 172.16.64.0 --- 172.16.0100.0 172.16.128.0--- 172.16.1000.0 172.16.192.0--- 172.16.1100.0 Could someone verify this with me guys ? Thanks a lot ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html **NOTE: New CCNA/CCDA List has been formed. For more information go to http://www.groupstudy.com/list/Associates.html _ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sh int s0
Guys, Could someone kindly explain the output that we get from the show interface serialX or point to a URL that explain it. Thanks a lot ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html **NOTE: New CCNA/CCDA List has been formed. For more information go to http://www.groupstudy.com/list/Associates.html _ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
PIX515 and IPsec
Hi Guys, I ordered the PIX515 with the IPsec License. What should I do to enable the IPsec License on the PIX ? Thanx ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html **NOTE: New CCNA/CCDA List has been formed. For more information go to http://www.groupstudy.com/list/Associates.html _ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: what is wire-speed?
What do you mean by interfame gap? is it the address? What about ingress and egress issue? how do they calculate it? Thanks a lot Bye On Sun, 10 Sep 2000 19:41:13 -0700, Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: Wire speed means the switch can pump out packets as fast as the medium can handle. For example, the maximum packets-per-second rate on 10-Mbps Ethernet with 64-byte packets is 14,880 packets per second. This comes from Preamble = 64 bits 64 Byte frame = 512 bits Interframe gap = 96 bits Total = 672 bits Max packets per second on 10 Mbps Ethernet = 10,000,000 / 672 = 14,880 packets per second. A wire-speed switch, which most are, would have no problem outputting that number of packets per second. If you were to use 1024 byte packets, the number is 1197 packets per second on 10Mbps Ethernet. So, yes, vendors do tend to use 64-byte packets when quoting their results, because it gives them better numbers. The other thing vendors do is quote the results when using Gigabit Ethernet. That's where numbers like millions of packets per second come from. In addition, if the vendor's numbers are based on tests that output to multiple ports, then you can get astronomical numbers, for example, 1.48 million packets per second multiplied by 100 ports. As you can probably guess, this is a rudimentary way of specifying the performance of a switch that is fraught with the over-zealousness of marketing drones. ;-) Priscilla At 02:12 PM 9/10/00, Kent wrote: Hi all, Any body knows what they mean by saying "wire-speed" forwarding about a switch? Also, when Cisco says a switch can forward at 100 million pps or something like this, what the size of the packets they usually refer to of the PPS(packet per second)? 64byte? Thanks Kent __ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Mail - Free email you can access from anywhere! http://mail.yahoo.com/ **NOTE: New CCNA/CCDA List has been formed. For more information go to http://www.groupstudy.com/list/Associates.html _ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com **NOTE: New CCNA/CCDA List has been formed. For more information go to http://www.groupstudy.com/list/Associates.html _ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html **NOTE: New CCNA/CCDA List has been formed. For more information go to http://www.groupstudy.com/list/Associates.html _ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CCXXproductions not in the US!
Guys, You guys outside of the US how did you manage to get the www.ccxxproductions.com training materials? Thanx ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html **NOTE: New CCNA/CCDA List has been formed. For more information go to http://www.groupstudy.com/list/Associates.html _ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Class 2 Fast Ethernet repeater
Guys, On the CCDA book it is mentioned that "Class 2 Fast Ethernet repeaters have a maximum delay of 92 bit times" Is this means that the maximum allowed delay is 92 bit per second ? What is bit times ? Thanks a lot ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Zero CIR
Guys, Zero CIR means that the provider is comitted to provide nothing or there is a mimimum ? Thanx ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: erased flash
Hi, The XMODEM does not work wih all models. I tried with the 7200 and there was no XMDOEM option. I did it by putting the flash in a router with two flash banks and I download the IOS to the second one. I am not sure about the 1700. On Wed, 9 Aug 2000 16:14:21 +0200 , [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: What it means is that the bootstrap cannot find the IOS file on the flash and the system can not open it probably the binary file is corrupted just download another into the router, you can do it with XMODEM. GIL CCNA, CCDA -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, August 09, 2000 12:28 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: erased flash Hi all, I need a help from you guys. I have a problem with one of the cisco router(1700 series). The router automatically goes into rommon mode and says that "can not open flash: unable to determine flash: The flash is corrupted or what? What can be the cause of this problem Thanks in advance Hitesh ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] This email was scanned using ESPG @ PubliCom Haifa. ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Off topic Nortel Certifications
Guys, Thanks a lot for the useful information, you have been very hepful. Howard, Chuck, and just to close this issue. I don't wanna to discuss it any more. You could answere me with a better way. The point that I want to clairfy is if you don't like the question you don't have to answere just ignore it. Not all people are on the same techincal level. Let me tell you something more, the technicality is never a problem you can search and look and you will find the answere, the point is on people's attitudes. I didn't not write any books I don't have the technical skills maybe of both of you but I can gain it, it is just a matter of time and at least I know how to talk to people politly. And no Howard, I didn't want Cisco's analysis of Nortel exams? but unfortunatly this was your answere.Look to how others answered my concern they didn't do a SHOW. Anyway thanx guys for the answeres. Albert Ip, You do not deserve any answere. On Sun, 30 Jul 2000 18:53:33 -0400, james wrote: Hi John, I'm posting this to the group for others that have the same question. There is no specific exam for the Nortel NNCDS. Rather you need to do one of the core technology exam for the NNCSS and then do the Nortel web based exams from home ( or elsewhere) to fullfill the other requirements. See http://www12.nortelnetworks.com/training2/certification/nncds.html for more info. The Nortel design exam is for the next level of certification, the NNCDE ( design expert). To get that you need to do the NNCDS, plus: one advanced exam, one more core technology exam and the design exam. See http://www12.nortelnetworks.com/training2/certification/nncde.html for more info on that one. So if you mean you were planning to write the design expert exam 920-021 ( Network Design Essentials for Routers and Switches) you would not be certified as anything. Just a heads up. James Placer CCDP, CCNP, NNCSE, NNCSS, MCSE ENTG Engineer Interactive Business Systems Inc. email:[EMAIL PROTECTED] John lay [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hi, I know this is out of the list objectives, sorry ! Does anybody have informations about Nortel certification NNCDS. Number of questions, how long the exam is ... I am gonna take the eam very soon. Thanx ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Cisco ATM WAN URLs
Guys, I need Cisco URLs concerning ATM WAN, which explain PVCs, Auto route, Thanks a lot ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Off topic Nortel Certifications
Hi, I know this is out of the list objectives, sorry ! Does anybody have informations about Nortel certification NNCDS. Number of questions, how long the exam is ... I am gonna take the eam very soon. Thanx ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Off topic Nortel Certifications
What is it? You gave me the feeling that you are someone very famous... No, I will not come back to you because frankly speaking you didn't mention anything that was related to my concerns. If you haven't anything to say concerning my question just ignore it, or you are doing some publicity to yourself on the web Sorry again guys to discuss something off topic. Thanks a lot On Sun, 30 Jul 2000 11:58:46 -0400, Howard C. Berkowitz wrote: John lay [EMAIL PROTECTED] Hi, I know this is out of the list objectives, sorry ! Does anybody have informations about Nortel certification NNCDS. Number of questions, how long the exam is ... I am gonna take the eam very soon. Thanx Not speaking officially for Nortel here, but I have been involved in developing one certification exam so far, although the particular product was cancelled. I am involved in internal conversations about the direction and value of certifications. At least for the one that I worked on, which was product-oriented (that may change) and a first-level design certification for carrier presales, the majority of people that wrote and discussed questions were definitely technical. There was an education/certification manager concerned with quality, a tech writer, and about six or so experts including presales SEs, postsales support at a very senior level (think Cisco NSA with some research of their own), and product architecture (me). I've informally discussed with Paul, and started to bring up in Nortel, the idea of adding a Nortel track to the site. Nothing definite yet, but I certainly would like to assess the level of interest. Design certifications at Nortel, especially the third-level architect, are rather different than Cisco's model. They rely less on computer-administered exams and more on a model such as that of medical specialty certification -- presenting case studies of real networks you have built, and then an open-book design that will be evaluated by a panel of experts. I can't get into too much detail, but Nortel is working internally to make its certification process even smoother. It does appear that there's a corporate style of helping the certification candidate, not tormenting them unnecessarily. "What Problem are you trying to solve?" ***send Cisco questions to the list, so all can benefit -- not directly to me*** Howard C. Berkowitz [EMAIL PROTECTED] Technical Director, CertificationZone.com Senior Product Manager, Carrier Packet Solutions, NortelNetworks (for ID only) but Cisco stockholder! "retired" Certified Cisco Systems Instructor (CID) #93005 ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Router Security commands
Guys, The following are recommended commands to be confgiured on all operating interfcases or a router. Could someone explain it to me or give me a URL which clairfy them. no ip redirects no ip directed-broadcast no ip proxy-arp Thanks a lot ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CCDA 2.0 ?
Guys, There is no CCDA 2.0 ? the available is CCDA 1.0 only , am I right? Should I go to CCDA 1.0 or should I wait for the next version. Any idea when CCDA 2.0 will be available? ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CWM for Solaris
Guys, I need to install CWM 9207 the next week for a customer to manage BPXs 8680 and MGXs 8850. This is my first time to install it. Anyway the point is that they don't have HP OpenView but they do have CiscoView. My questions are : -I won't be able to have a topology of the network because they don't HP OpenView. isn't? or there is an other way to do that? -How should I connect to the equipment (BPXs MGXs) to do the management. I mean through which interface.The ATM or the Ethernet ? -The main purpose to install the CWM is to save and restore the configuration of the equipment. How could I restore the configuration to a remote equipment after any disaster and the connection goes down? Thanks ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Frame-relay traffic shaping question
As far as I know, they are both equal. So you can do it by either way. Please someone correct. Thanks a lot guys, On Tue, 18 Jul 2000 10:08:56 -0700 (PDT), Kent wrote: Wizards, As the FRTS has been brought up here, I really want to take this chances to get some help from you in understanding this. When we enable the 'frame-relay traffice shaping' under the inferface, we start using frame-relay traffice shaping not generic shaping, right? in the map-class of frame relay, we can configure CIR, Bc and Be, how is this different from just configure 'traffic-rate xx yy' in the map-class? As far as I understand, it is not quite effective to controll QoS in FR, I am not sure whether someones have seen some detailed perfermence comparation betwee two kinds of traffic shaping. Thanks Kent --- Michael Fountain [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The easiest way to do this is to only configure the CIR and Line speeds and let the rest default. Example commands - int s0 frame-relay traffic shapping Enable FRTS on the interface frame-relay class ExampleClass Shape as defined in map class frame-relay map-class ExampleClass frame-relay traffic-rate XXX YYY ### XXX = CIR, YYY = Max Speed traffic-rate adaptive-shaping becn Use BECNs (not foresight) for for thottling If you set XXX to 512K and YYY to port speed, he will transmit at port speed unless he receives BECNs from the network, and then he will throttle down to 512K. If you set both XXX and YYY to 512K he will always transmit at 512K Depending on your service provider and how congested their network is you may be able to go in and buy a small CIR like 64K and then ignore that and have your router set to send at 512K. If you do that and some time in future your SP starts dropping packets (because they are over CIR) you will have to go to them and buy up your contracted CIR, but until then you can save some money. We've been running ATT Frame Relay for a couple of years and have yet to receive a single BECN. It is possible to go in and specify mincir, Bc, Be, etc. But unless you are going VOFR or some other application that has specific needs using generic FRTS will cover just about everything. Hope that helps, Mike Guys, What are the parameters that I should configure on the router to control the bandwidth usage of the user on a frame-relay configuration. For instance, the user has T1 line and I need to provide him only 512k. Is it the CIR, BE, BC, MINCIR, and traffic rate only ? and how do I calculate them ? Thanks a lot ME Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ Do You Yahoo!? Get Yahoo! Mail Free email you can access from anywhere! http://mail.yahoo.com/ ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Frame-relay multipoint configuration DLCIs
Guys, This time I have a question regarding mulipoint FR configuration. Her is the concern: int s 0/0.1 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 frame-relay map ip 2.2.2.2 200 broadcast frame-relay map ip 3.3.3.3 300 broadcast Is this configuration means that there are two PVCs from this source to two destinations(2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3)?. How come a single interface (s0/0.1) can have two DLCIs (200 300)? Or should I configure it this way int s 0/0.1 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 frame-relay map ip 2.2.2.2 200 broadcast int s 0/0.2 ip address 1.1.1.2 255.0.0.0 frame-relay map ip 3.3.3.3 300 broadcast I am trying to understand the benefit of the multipoint configuration. Could someone clairfy this Thanks I need to finish FR to start ISDN ! ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Frame-relay traffic shaping question
Guys, What are the parameters that I should configure on the router to control the bandwidth usage of the user on a frame-relay configuration. For instance, the user has T1 line and I need to provide him only 512k. Is it the CIR, BE, BC, MINCIR, and traffic rate only ? and how do I calculate them ? Thanks a lot ME ___ Say Bye to Slow Internet! http://www.home.com/xinbox/signup.html ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
LSA and LSU of the OSPF
Hi guys, I am confused between the LSA and LSU , could someone clairfy the difference between them. Are they interchangable ? Thanx ___ Get 100% FREE Internet Access powered by Excite Visit http://freelane.excite.com/freeisp ___ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]