Postfix authentication to ComCast port 587
[ this msg transmitted via ComCast's godawful WWW email tool ]
Once upon a time, ComCast invited customers to send copies of SPAM
messages (those few which managed to get past ComCast's filters)
to a particular email address, so I rigged my system to do so
because I presumed they'd use them to better train their Bayesian
recognizers, or some such. I must say, I was happy to cooperate
because their filters seemed quite effective and very little
SPAM got through. But, of course, no good deed goes unpunished;
ComCast has consequently just summarily decided that *I* am a
SPAM source and blocked all outbound traffic on port 25 (SMTP)
and decreed that I may only use port 587 (submission) which my
configured-and-working-for-at-least-10-years Exim installation
seemed incapable of coping with.
So I replaced Exim with Postfix in an attempt to get back on
the air and made considerable progress. I *think* I'm to the
point where if I can figure out WTF is going on with Certificates
and such I might be in good shape. Details shown below (errors
toward the end); any help or advice gratefully accepted, though
please be informed that I am addicted to my local MH setup and
very much want to get this working, so recommendations like
just give up and use Gmail aren't really what I'm after... -/
#
# The stock contents of my /etc/postfix/main.cf after the config script
# had finished setting up Postfix to route outbound messages via ComCast's
# server as a smarthost on the SMTP port 25:
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no
append_dot_mydomain = no
readme_directory = no
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
myhostname = e521
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
mydestination =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [:::127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_command = procmail -a $EXTENSION
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
# I then added these, intending to cause Postfix to act as an SMTP
# client of ComCast's server, using the submission port 587 :
relayhost = [smtp.comcast.net]:submission
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
# ...and I made sure that the referenced file /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
# has a single line, thus:
[smtp.comcast.net]:submission michael.odonnell:myPasswordHere
# When I run 'dpkg -l' on my very recent Debian box and grep for (what
# I imagine to be) items relevant to this problem I see this:
ii libssl0.9.8 0.9.8g-14 SSL shared libraries
ii openssl 0.9.8g-14 Secure Socket Layer (SSL) binary and related
cryptographic tools
ii openssl-blacklist 0.4.2 list of blacklisted OpenSSL RSA keys
ii ssl-cert 1.0.23simple debconf wrapper for OpenSSL
ii postfix 2.5.5-1.1 High-performance mail transport agent
# When I run 'ldd /usr/sbin/postfix' I see this:
linux-gate.so.1= (0xe000)
libpostfix-global.so.1 = /usr/lib/libpostfix-global.so.1 (0xb7ee5000)
libpostfix-util.so.1 = /usr/lib/libpostfix-util.so.1 (0xb7eb8000)
libssl.so.0.9.8= /usr/lib/i686/cmov/libssl.so.0.9.8 (0xb7e71000)
libcrypto.so.0.9.8 = /usr/lib/i686/cmov/libcrypto.so.0.9.8 (0xb7d1e000)
libsasl2.so.2 = /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2 (0xb7d07000)
libdb-4.6.so = /usr/lib/libdb-4.6.so (0xb7bd4000)
libnsl.so.1= /lib/i686/cmov/libnsl.so.1 (0xb7bbb000)
libresolv.so.2 = /lib/i686/cmov/libresolv.so.2 (0xb7ba7000)
libc.so.6 = /lib/i686/cmov/libc.so.6 (0xb7a4b000)
libdl.so.2 = /lib/i686/cmov/libdl.so.2 (0xb7a47000)
libz.so.1 = /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7a32000)
libpthread.so.0= /lib/i686/cmov/libpthread.so.0 (0xb7a19000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7f2a000)
# I can grab my mail via fetchmail at will from the specified server,
# but when I try to transmit email thus:
x=HiMom ; echo $x | mailx -s$x michael.odonn...@comcast.net
# ...the message never arrives. I see this in /var/log/syslog:
postfix/pickup[11811]: 3C4A1918124: uid=1570 from=mod
postfix/cleanup[11989]: 3C4A1918124:
message-id=20090119215456.3c4a1918...@e521
postfix/qmgr[2137]: 3C4A1918124: from=m...@e521, size=298, nrcpt=1
(queue active)
postfix/smtp[11991]:certificate verification
Re: destroying data
Anybody have a good smelter for rent? Return it to the vendor; let them who dealt it smelt it... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: OT from Tokyo
Sorry you were all so offended. I will go back to lurking. Awww, shucks - no need for that. All I was griping about was that somebody along the line decided they could improve those (most excellent!) classic haikus by claiming that they were specifically Japanese-edition-Windows error messages. But that's nothing to do with anybody here, and shame on me for not being clearer about that. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: OT from Tokyo
along without improving upon them, much as my dog improves every hydrant he passes... Or worse yet, feels the need to respond to everyone with engaging banter that refers to his dog's urination habits. Speaking of inflated opinions of oneself... [EMAIL PROTECTED] I'm not sure where that came from, but please be informed that I wasn't talking about Karl or anybody else in the GNHLUG, just (I assume) some anonymous meddler up the line... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: OT from Tokyo
[EMAIL PROTECTED] I'm not sure where that came from, but please be informed that I wasn't talking about Karl or anybody else in the GNHLUG, just (I assume) some anonymous meddler up the line... Then I misunderstood, Sorry Michael... Thought you were trying to stifle him Cool. And I probably could have been clearer. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: installing subversion
subversion isn't in the 'package list database' for apt yet. Is, too! libapache2-dav-svn - Apache module for Subversion - in development, alpha libsvn0 - Subversion shared libraries - in development, alpha libsvn0-dev - Subversion development files - in development, alpha python2.2-subversion - Python modules for Subversion interface subversion - Advanced version control system - in development, alpha subversion-tools - Tools for Subversion # cat /etc/apt/sources.list deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free deb ftp://debian.secsup.org/pub/linux/debian/ testing main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.direct.ca/pub/linux/debian/ testing main contrib non-free deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian testing main contrib non-free deb-src ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free deb-src ftp://debian.secsup.org/pub/linux/debian/ testing main contrib non-free deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian testing main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirror.direct.ca/pub/linux/debian/ testing main contrib non-free deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free deb ftp://debian.secsup.org/pub/linux/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.direct.ca/pub/linux/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free deb-src ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free deb-src ftp://debian.secsup.org/pub/linux/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirror.direct.ca/pub/linux/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: simple shell script for running awstats
I haven't put much effort into figuring out what you're trying to do but, assuming that awstats.pl accepts stuff via stdin, you probably want to do something like this: gunzip $n | /path/to/my/cgi-bin/awstats.pl -config=www.buzgate.org -update -logfile=stdin ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: The National DO-NOT-CALL list is ACTIVE!!!
I've checked that do-not-call site several times today and it's been unresponsive - I think they're swamped. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: The National DO-NOT-CALL list is ACTIVE!!!
People have also raised the concern that the system might easily be duped into mailbombing people. Apparently, the contractor who configured the system doesn't have any experience with this kind of application. I heard a rumour that the barely-competent contractor in question got approx $11M for their troubles. I probably coulda rigged a server for no more than $10M if only I'd known... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Detecting root kits?
Alternatively, there are tools to check for the most commonly used root kits. You should be able to find links to some on Google. You should be able to find links to some with ANY search engine. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Detecting root kits?
I'm pulling over the chkrootkit package. Sounds like exactly what I'm looking for! For reasons already mentioned by Derek and others, the results obtained from chkrootkit are only trustworthy in the positive case. A negative result is inconclusive, since you're basically asking the compromised system, Hey! Are you compromised? ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Detecting root kits?
trustworthy in the positive case. A negative result is inconclusive, since you're basically asking the compromised system, Hey! Are you compromised? Then by this logic, -anything- you do, except for pulling the drive and mounting it in a system or booting off of a CD is suspect. While the most correct way, it's also the most impractical. Um, yeah - that pretty much sums it up - I don't like it any more than you do. That's why it's highly recommended that you take care of business before the Bad Guys get you. You can find rootkits on systems with a much more minimal effort. If that minimal effort yields a positive result, yay! I was just pointing out that one ought not feel too comfy if a minimal effort yields a negative result. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
FWD - IDC seeking Linux deployment info
Forwarded from [EMAIL PROTECTED]: On behalf of a major IT research company, I am seeking to interview IT managers at companies using Linux on the desktop. I would like to ask qualified respondents questions about Linux implementations, costs, downtime, etc. If you are interested in being part of this survey, please send me your name, email, company, phone (optional), # of Linux desktops, and whether they're managed or unmanaged. Confidentiality guaranteed. We will pay cash for qualified interviews. There is also a drawing for a digital camera or DVD player. Many thanks, David [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
UDP queue depth
Given a normal Linux box of some recent vintage (like, say, 2.4.18) can anybody help me get a sense of how many UDP datagrams of some nominal size (like, say, 1k or 4k) can be received before the kernel (as it is entitled to do with UDP) starts dropping them on the floor? In other words, assuming I've rigged up the sender and the receiver properly but then had the receiver intentionally fail to read the incoming datagrams, how soon would the kernel start to discard new arrivals? I'm not necessarily looking for hard numbers, just to get the general idea, so keep the scenario as simple as you like; for example, we can assume that the UDP traffic in question is the only traffic on the wire, and if some parameter (like, say, transmission rate) matters, just pick a value for that parameter. I'd think it'd be fairly straightforward to write a test program to determine this empirically (and rather less straightforward but still feasible to RTFSC for the Linux kernel) but if somebody happens to have the numbers (or a pointer to the numbers) handy that'd be great. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: web mail
They are both very well done, if you don't mind learning something new. EBRAINTOOSMALL ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Sendmail configuration
I've heard of a few places that run an MTA that allows you to have multiple .forward files with names of the form .forward+extra ...which will be applied when the corresponding [EMAIL PROTECTED] addresses are seen in your inbound messages. This rather cool feature is definitely not universally supported, though... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: FW: postgresql
Don't look at me, I took the blue pill. ...well, then we'll all DEFINITELY be keeping our distance. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: OT- Comcast Subscriber Agreement
This was cut from the email announcement. Yes, that would be an example of one of those lowest-common-denominator messages I referred to. [.] I believe from this that attbi email forwarding will not be available if the transition wizard is not used You are, of course, free to believe whatever you like. However, rather than us inflicting any more of our (mostly) ATTBI-specific exchange on this captive GNHLUG audience, I (again) recommend that you avail yourself of the info presented in the newsgroups I mentioned before coming to any conclusions in this matter. Unless you run Windows, that is, in which case you should probably just go ahead and use the wizard. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: OT- Comcast Subscriber Agreement
FYI, machines within the attbi.com domain can connect to the NNTP server(s) named netnews.attbi.com and you may find some postings of interest related to this topic. The best group is probably attbi.ne.techtalk.general ...but there are a number of others that might also provide info of interest, like maybe: attbi.users-unix attbi.discussion-attbiservice attbi.discussion-cablemodem attbi.discussion-email attbi.discussion-games attbi.discussion-general attbi.discussion-homenetworking attbi.discussion-newsgroup attbi.discussion-security attbi.users-cablemodem attbi.announcements These newsgroups used to be much better but the S/N ratio has deteriorated as The Great Unwashed have slowly infiltrated and many of the most knowledgeable people have consequently wandered away in frustration. Click-thru agreements don't always hold up in court but since some ignorant ComCast droid can hold your connection hostage while you work out your differences it would probably be nice to either stay on ComCast's good side or completely off their radar. BTW, I've heard that those stupid wizards don't do anything to your Windows PeeCee that you couldn't do by hand, like tweaking IP addrs and registry entries and such, so you might be able to skirt the issue entirely by doing it all by hand. That would presumably leave the previous agreement in force, yes? One of the things I read in attbi.ne.techtalk.general is that all a Linux user like me has to do is config different IP addrs for the POP, SMTP and NNTP servers, reportedly these: send email (SMTP):smtp.comcast.net receive email (POP3): pop3.comcast.net news (NNTP): news.comcast.giganews.com ...which, presumably would work for Windows, too, right? NOTICE: I have NOT verified that information and IANAL. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Learning SNMP
At some point soon I may be called upon to know more about SNMP than how to spell it, so I'm looking for recommendations for the best books/docs to read to get a good general understanding. A while back I briefly fooled around with the snmpd and scli packages that are available for Debian but got busy and had to put them aside - they're probably what I'll go back to for the hands-on learning sessions unless somebody wants to recommend something better... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Dynamic apache config
Besides, most people pick lousy passphrases anyway. That's why I wrote
my own passphrase generator to spit out random gibbersish such as
(actual program output):
[EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ pgen
8T(U[TcY
[EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ pgen 12
mp{6$}9:_+\
[EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ pgen 24
EQ;WcpgHbT\8pxJD.h_mOwe:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$
In a pinch, similar random glop can be generated thus:
dd if=/dev/random bs=44 count=1 2/dev/null | uuencode fubar | sed -e 1d -e 2q
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Setting up Exim/Courier/IMAP
This got a mention on Debian Planet and seemed related to previous discussions on this channel: http://talk.trekweb.com/~jasonb/articles/exim_maildir_imap.shtml ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
IBM suing over PeeCee patents?
I hope the story at this link: http://www.theinquirer.net/?article=9799 (or my understanding of it) is off the mark. Otherwise, the implication is that IBM is suing for infringement of patents covering (some aspects of) the PeeCee architecture. Yow. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: IBM suing over PeeCee patents?
Have we seen anything about this from a *real* publication? The Inquirer is entertainment, not journalism. Furthermore, that story is so weak on facts it is practically non-existent. Agreed. Unfortunately, the Inquirer's hit rate on this sort of melodramatic junk is just high enough that you (well, I, at least) can't rule them out automatically. Heh. Wouldn't this be juicy in light of the SCO nonsense? Ok - sorry - I won't mention this again unless we hear more from some other source(s). ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: merging file sub-trees
One approach might be to just have one instance of tar (standing in the source directory) squirt all the files over to another instance that's standing in the destination directory, maybe like this: cd srcDir ; tar cf - . | tar xf - -C destDir ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: System hanging at boot
I think it is quite possible that Charlie has lost his *root* disk, or part of it, such that when the kernel tries to read the contents of /sbin/init from the disk, it hangs. Maybe that init=/bin/bash trick from the kernel command line...? ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
AOL off the air?
I can't do any DNS lookups for any machines in any domain associated with AOL. I'd join you all in the unison chanting of good riddance! except that many of my relatives use AOL and all 4 nameservers for cnn.com are AOL machines. Any idea what's going on? ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: AOL off the air?
Never mind. The problem persisted for 20 minutes and I was seeing it via both my work and home connections and (naturally) it resolved itself as soon as I posted my question... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: More SCO news
Bob: Hope Rob don't say balls nasty. Rob: -Balls- nasty! Bob: He don't shiv. I'll bet this is high-larious, 'cept fer I don't get it... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Network speed degredation?
Check out mii-tool - it might help. You can use it to query the current MII settings and to nail them where they should be if they aren't right. Sometimes two NICs fail to properly negotiate their optimal settings and (say) a 100Mb-FD connection might end up running at (say) 10Mb-HD. Worth a try... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: AOL now rejecting mail from Comcast residential IPs.
This matter is of interest to me for a number of reasons and very timely; I still have a lot to learn about email setup/admin stuff and I was just about to ditch std.com (because of their dainbramaged anti-SPAM measures) and switch over to running my own server on my ComCast-connected Linux box. This is an -incredibly- reasonable solution! I'm psyched that AOL has finally made a good decision about it. I run an smtp server at my place too, but it's trivial to hand the mail off to another server that'll accept it. I assume that as a ComCast subscriber it'd be simplest for me to just be handing off to the ComCast server for outbound deliveries, yes? Would that hide the terrible origins of my email sufficiently to please AOL? What are the gotchas involved in doing that? Is there any other reason for me to worry about making this switchover. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Koffice under Redhat 8
dogpile found a couple of mentions of (what appears to be) the bug in question and refers you to http://bugs.kde.org/buglist.cgi ...where the response time is, unfortunately, not great. Do a query there for the error string you mentioned and you'll get this petite little URL which seems to point you to a script that may help diagnose/fix what may be a setup problem: http://bugs.kde.org/buglist.cgi?short_desc_type=allwordssubstrshort_desc=Mutex+destroy+failure%3A+Device+or+resource+busylong_desc_type=allwordssubstrlong_desc=bug_file_loc_type=allwordssubstrbug_file_loc=bug_status=UNCONFIRMEDbug_status=NEWbug_status=ASSIGNEDbug_status=REOPENEDemailassigned_to1=1emailtype1=substringemail1=emailassigned_to2=1emailreporter2=1emailcc2=1emailtype2=substringemail2=bugidtype=includebug_id=votes=changedin=chfieldfrom=chfieldto=Nowchfieldvalue=cmdtype=doitorder=Bug+Numberfield0-0-0=nooptype0-0-0=noopvalue0-0-0= ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: OT: Good (but probably controversial) tune
Since it's an abuse to inflict one's non-Linux-related views on this captive audience (gathered here because we value this channel's blessedly high *LINUX-RELATED* S/N ratio) and since there are eleventy-bazillion other channels (email lists, blogs, barrooms, etc) where war-talk *is* welcome, and since the only light that's likely to be shed on this topic is the sparks from axes being ground, I say to you again: How 'bout them Linux? Ain't they something?! ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Yet another reason to avoid Microsoft server products...
The more I see of Microsoft's stuff, the worse it smells. Is it just me? No - as you say, it's the Microsoft stuff, too... ;- ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Redhat and kernel question
How can I tell what CPU the kernel was compiled for? I believe 'uname -m' will indicate what CPU the currently running kernel was compiled for. I think the uname app just invokes the uname syscall whose contract is not necessarily to report the target build but the current (and perhaps too general) architecture type. If you have a config file handy for the kernel in question this (somewhat clunky) approach will provide the authoritative answer: for tag in CONFIG_M386 CONFIG_M486 CONFIG_M586 \ CONFIG_M586MMX CONFIG_M586TSC CONFIG_M686\ CONFIG_MCRUSOE CONFIG_MCYRIXIII CONFIG_MELAN \ CONFIG_MK6 CONFIG_MK7 CONFIG_MPENTIUM4 \ CONFIG_MPENTIUMIII CONFIG_MWINCHIP2 \ CONFIG_MWINCHIP3D CONFIG_MWINCHIPC6 do fgrep $tag yourConfigFile done ...after which you can interpret the results using this table of (largely obvious) mappings: CONFIG_M386386 CONFIG_M486486 CONFIG_M586586/K5/5x86/6x86/6x86MX CONFIG_M586MMX Pentium-MMX CONFIG_M586TSC Pentium-Classic CONFIG_M686Pentium-Pro/Celeron/Pentium-II CONFIG_MCRUSOE Crusoe CONFIG_MCYRIXIII CyrixIII/C3 CONFIG_MELAN Elan CONFIG_MK6 K6/K6-II/K6-III CONFIG_MK7 Athlon/Duron/K7 CONFIG_MPENTIUM4 Pentium-4 CONFIG_MPENTIUMIII Pentium-III/Celeron(Coppermine) CONFIG_MWINCHIP2 Winchip-2 CONFIG_MWINCHIP3D Winchip-2A/Winchip-3 CONFIG_MWINCHIPC6 Winchip-C6 ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Power Supply info
It isn't often that I've needed info about the various characteristics of power supplies, but this site is where I'll look first the next time I do: http://www.formfactors.org/developer/powersupply.htm http://www.formfactors.org/formfactors/form_factors.htm ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Top posting - was Re: sendmail vulnerability
So, how 'bout them Linux - ain't they sumthin! ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
test message - please ignore
Stupid [EMAIL PROTECTED]@ email... Sorry for the noise. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
sendmail vulnerability
Heads up - http://www.iss.net/issEn/delivery/xforce/alertdetail.jsp?oid=21950 . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: CD-Rs?
I recently had to buy some CD-Rs in a hurry and since Wal-Mart was closest that's where I went. The best price/quality I could find there was approx $0.35 each for 50-packs of Maxell and Memorex - good thing I was on an expense account! ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: CD-Rs?
I usually look in the Sunday circulars. Somebody is usually selling packs of 100 for about $7 or $8 after rebate. They are typically either generic CompUSA discs, or Imations. I have never had a problem with them myself. Just FYI, quality does sometimes appear to be an issue with some drives. At work we have a stack of el-cheapo blanks that burn just fine but are then unreadable in about half the drives we try them in. After I went out and bought those Maxell and Memorex disks at Wal-Mart they worked perfectly in all the same units where the el-cheapo disks failed. I'm not saying that Maxell or Memorex are necessarily better quality than any el-cheapo disks you might purchase (and indeed, some el-cheapos may simply be unlabelled/surplus Maxell or Memorex disks, or better) just that quality sometimes does matter. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: home dir in cygwin
I don't know anything about CygWin but (on an obliquely related note) I can tell you that changing your home directory has a few gotchas on Linux because not every chunk of software figures out how to find a given account's home directory by the same method. For example, I recently was working on a set of systems where I found myself wishing for the customized environment I use on my own machines, so I created a subdirectory in root's home directory named mod, changed $HOME to mention that directory and then stuck all my junk in there, including my preferred .bashrc and such. It worked pretty well because most apps consult the $HOME variable in the environment, but a few apps behaved in unexpected ways because they instead looked in /etc/passwd or asked NIS... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Compressed disk-based filesystem, anyone?
Hiya, all -- I know that there are compressed filesystems (eg. Linus' own cramfs), but I believe they're largely read-only for embedded systems. I'm looking, for various reasons, to find a disk-based compressed filesystem. Is anyone aware of such a beast? Interesting - I'll be curious to hear what you manage to dig up. If all you care about is saving space, and if your data are compressible, you can probably find something that will at least work. Otherwise, my prediction (based on the compression algorithms and filesystem theory of which I'm aware) is that you're not likely to find a general purpose solution that pleases you because the conditions that make for efficient compression are likely to be a problem when trying to manage filesystem data efficiently. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Low cost national V92 ISPs?
Look at The World. I don't know there costs for POPs in NH, but they are under $10.00 and also support Unix. http://www.theworld.com I have been a customer of Software Tool and Die since 1991. Their domain name is std.com and world.std.com became so much more recognizable as a reference to their online offerings that they started to refer to themselves as The World. They're the oldest public UNIX dialup service and for a long time I've been a satisfied customer. I am therefore sorry to have to say that I cannot recommend STD to anyone, and in fact I am in the process of becoming an ex-customer. The issue is email; STD have put an unacceptably aggressive SPAM-filtering system in place. All I ask of STD is that they forward my email to my real ISP - all of it, if you please. I'm sympathetic about their SPAM problem and wouldn't mind their anti-SPAM efforts but they're being truly hamfisted about it - they are discarding legitimate emails while still allowing plenty of SPAM. The most painful part of this is that, although STD have in the past been incredibly responsive and professional about customer-service matters, their attitude in this case can best be visualized as a middle finger lifted in your general direction. I have other complaints, too (like why did STD suddenly start auto-mangling my inbound messages, converting them to MIME without so much as a by-your-leave when for the last 10 years they left my messages blissfully unmolested?) but they're minor by comparison. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Low cost national V92 ISPs?
[STD] have had aggressive SPAM filtering in place for years. Years? You might be mistaken about that. At any rate, bzs and crew have recently been angering a lot of people because the rate of false positives has changed dramatically for the worse while lots of genuine SPAM still gets through. Last fall I transmitted several perfectly legitimate emails to myself from work that simply failed to arrive. It didn't occur to me that STD was the problem was until subsequent msgs got bounced with a reply instead of simply being discarded. Barry Shein has got his side of this story, for sure, but discarding my emails (especially when done intentionally!) is simply unacceptable. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: chattr
I had a quick peek at the sources (apt-get source e2fslibs-dev) for chattr/lsattr - they seem to be fairly straightforward examples of how to use functions like fgetflags/fsetflags from that e2fslibs library, so you might consider writing something that along those lines if you don't concoct some script-oriented approach. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: chattr
So, when performing a backup of a filesystem (ext2 or ext3)
which has these attributes, it seems that none of the tools that
I have been able to identify actually backup file attributes.
As a result, if you ever set those attributes, you need to keep a
log of how so that should you ever need to restore from a backup,
you know how to reset the attributes. I hope that I am wrong on
this, as it would be truely sad if this is true.
There are filesystem-independent attributes and
filesystem-specific attributes. The standard archiving
and file-management tools do a pretty good job of
manipulating the filesystem-independent attributes while
leaving the filesystem-specific attributes alone. This
lowest-common-denominator situation is clearly frustrating
('been there!) to those who come to depend on some set of
filesystem-specific attributes but allow me to point out
that it meets the needs of an impressively large number
of Linux users so it may not be fair to call it sad...
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Re: chattr
I'd be surprised if dd was anybody's first choice as a backup utility, but the approach in question (copying all bits from one device to another) does in fact work very nicely, resulting in an EXACT copy of the filesystem in question, unallocated blocks and all. And there's no requirement that you only copy to a partition of the same size; the transferred filesystem carries its own size indication with it. You can dd a 50Mb filesystem into a 100Mb partition without any trouble whatsoever, other than the resultant filesystem will only describe 50Mb worth of storage, so the remainder of the 100Mb partition will not be reachable because the metadata in the copied filesystem will not refer to it. Of course, trying to copy a 100Mb filesystem to a 50Mb partition is only rarely successful... ;- ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Workspot
The article at http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/29009.html is intriguing - does anybody here know anything about Workspot? If I understand their description, Workspot maintains a complete instance of Linux for every subscriber on their server, presenting a desktop remotely via any WWW browser plus some VNC trickery. I wonder about various issues like security (and I might prefer they offered another distro besides RHAT) but it could be worth their $10 fee to test-drive them for a month... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: High Speed Internet costs (was: Email hosting)
First off, the government owns the airwaves, and charges high prices to purchase rights to them. Or, if you prefer, you can have everyone operate in an unlicensed band (like the 802.11b stuff), and deal with the inevitable chaos that will result once serious usage picks up. This article has always depressed me because it paints such an attractive picture of the way things *could* be... http://www.gildertech.com/public/telecosm_series/airways.html [ Discussion of spread spectrum tech vs. FCC's spectrum auctions ] ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Email hosting (was: ATTBI/Comcast rant)
... There's no correction here ... Then please explain to me why almost every single DSL company has gone out of business. This is certainly not authoritative but I've heard that, despite the ruling that ordered the telcos to allow their competitors (CLECs ?) access to their COs, many DSL providers routinely found that access denied or impeded such that they were obliged to waste time and money on hiring lawyers and filing grievances, with the result that many of the smaller ones (which otherwise had a half-decent chance of making a go of it) went under. Didn't the FCC recently announce that the telcos might no longer be required to provide such access? Sweet deal! ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: OT: More Spam
If this happens much longer, I'm going to have to get out the baseball bat. Prediction: before January 2005 somebody will lose their life as a direct consequence of their involvement with SPAM. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Enet channel bonding + DHCP server = ?
As indicated in earlier msgs, I'm fooling around with Enet channel bonding and it's sorta working - yay. I'm also trying to run a DHCP server on one such machine and the dhcpd is unhappy - it complains about multiple interfaces on the same subnet, even though I've told dhcpd to use bond0 instead of the real interfaces eth0 and eth1, as if it's gone and ferreted out the other interfaces and is secretly listening on them, too. Before I get too far into analyzing this I figured I'd ask the gathered multitudes to smack me with a clue-bat - is there some reason in principle such a rig can't work? ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Enet channel bonding + DHCP server = ?
dhcpd is unhappy - it complains about multiple interfaces on the same subnet, even thoughI've told dhcpd to use bond0 instead of the real interfaces eth0 and eth1, as if it's gone and ferreted out the other interfaces and is secretly listening on them, too. [...snip...] Before I get too far into analyzing this I figured I'd ask the gathered multitudes to smack me with a clue-bat - is there some reason in principle such a rig can't work? I've never seen dhcpd complain about interfaces before, usually it just complains that you don't have a clause for each network currently configured. Heh. I'm guessing you've not seen such behavior because this is a fairly unusual setup - who tries to serve DHCP from a box with bonded NICs? I just now grabbed the sources for dhcpd and hacked 'em a bit - I've got some other stuff to tend to but I'll test it soon and see what happens. I definitely have a clause for every network that's configured; that's not the problem. The problem is that DHCP is unhappy about seeing packets from the same subnet arriving on two different interfaces because (I speculate) it's run off and discovered all the interfaces and doesn't know that it's OK for this to be happening because bonded interfaces do in fact have the same MAC and IP. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: filtering Flash?
I'm fed up with Flash. I resent it when somebody hijacks my computer by executing something on it that I can't control, and that's precisely what MacroMedia had in mind when they made it possible for somebody to create some irritating Flash thingy that refuses to allow me to stop it. I finally removed the Flash plugin from my machine and, so far, I don't miss it much. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: filtering Flash?
The newest sysadmin has an article on filtering banner ads. I wonder if, in place of the regex they use as an example, you could use .swf? unfortunately, the article isn't available online, but if you don't subscribe, I could probably get you a copy of it somehow. Yes, please - I'd like to see that. Also, I was griping about this to a buddy and he cobbled up some sort of CSS magic that's supposed to prevent the loading/execution of Flash junk from any pages but those you've specified. I never deployed it because it was just easier to lead a Flash-free existence, but maybe I'll dredge it up... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: filtering Flash?
to create some irritating Flash thingy that refuses to
allow me to stop it. I finally removed the Flash plugin
from my machine and, so far, I don't miss it much.
A right click on the display brings up the Flash menu which allows
one to toggle the play off [stop] for a running Flash animation
or using the stop option in the browser will make the d/l cease
if it hasn't begun to play.
It would be nice if that were true, but it ain't - the
honorable gentlemen at MacroMedia (and I mean that in
the most Senatorial way possible) have apparently provided
Flash programmers with the ability to remove/disable
the Stop selection from that little menu. I'm on
another mailing list where there's a guy who works
for MacroMedia and whenever this topic comes up his
eyes just roll waayy back up into his head and he
starts chanting the party line about how great Flash is,
being very careful not to notice how much frustration is
being expressed by the other list members. Unsurprising,
really - MacroMedia make no money on the players; it's the
composition software that people pay for, and the people
writing those checks are the advertisers who, obviously,
have an interest in preventing you from shutting down
their ads; MacroMedia are complicit.
BTW, I did dig up that CSS hack - it turns out
that it's keyed on file size like some of other ones.
I've not used this one but, IIRC, you're supposed to
stick this in your /chrome/userContent.css -
(MCLX alums: FYI this is from John Baboval)
/* this hides the usual 468x60 Flash banner ads */
embed[type=application/x-shockwave-flash][width=468][height=60] {
display: none !important;
visibility: hidden !important;
}
/* this hides the not so usual but very annoying 728x90 Flash banner ads */
embed[type=application/x-shockwave-flash][width=728][height=90] {
display: none !important;
visibility: hidden !important;
}
/* three last entries for Inquirer style small, vertical and square ads */
embed[type=application/x-shockwave-flash][width=125][height=300] {
display: none !important;
visibility: hidden !important;
}
embed[type=application/x-shockwave-flash][width=95][height=40] {
display: none !important;
visibility: hidden !important;
}
embed[type=application/x-shockwave-flash][width=125][height=125] {
display: none !important;
visibility: hidden !important;
}
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Re: filtering Flash?
FWIW, I agree. I haven't downloaded Mozilla 1.3a yet, since I just upgraded to 1.2.1, but I suspect that this is something that could be lobbied for. I'm just worried that there is a lot of back-room financial pressure NOT to permit this kind of gratuitous user control of one's own computing environment. Just think of all the ads you'd end up not seeing. FYI, I've been using the Mozilla nightly builds for a while now (currently 1.3b/20021227) and so far it seems fine. It's unreasonable to expect one's WWW browsing to be a totally ad-free experience - TANSTAAFL. I can live with ads on the screen; I've even bought stuff after an ad piqued my interest (nobody was more surprised than I!) My gripe is simply that I lose my mind after a while if my screen is full of a bunch of irritating ads that have been twitching convulsively (and unstoppably) since they first got loaded. I love the way Mozilla is willing to let you tell it to cycle an animated GIF through its sequence once and then just stop. That's all I ask of Flash. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
bonding+Catalyst
Anybody here ever messed around with the Linux network bonding stuff, particularly in conjunction with a Cisco Catalyst switch and its EtherChannel capabilities? I have the bonding stuff mostly sorta kinda working but the behavior is a little strange in that the throughput numbers exhibit variations that I don't understand. Note that I'm in unfamiliar territory here so if it seems like I don't know what I'm talking about it's only because I don't... This appears to be a switch issue because if I declare (say) 5 pairs of Catalyst ports to be 5 channels and I connect machineA's two NICs to portPairA and machineB's NICs to portPairB (with nothing else connected to the switch) all will be well for a time and I will get the expected aggregate throughput numbers in both directions, as measured from either host by saying netperf -H otherHost. Then, sometimes, after a while netperf on one host will start reporting lower and lower numbers until we're at (or even below) the numbers obtained for a single un-bonded connection, while the other host seems perfectly happy and continues to obtain the higher aggregate numbers (ie. ~165 Mbits/S versus ~95) Strangely, if I swap the connections (ie. machineA's two NICs into portPairB and machineB's NICs into portPairA) the slow machine will be fast and vice versa. Or if I move the slow machine's connections to a previously idle channel like portPairC then both machines will once again start reporting the higher numbers. When I ask the Catalyst to tell me everything about the vlans and channels and statistics and every other dang thing I can think of I see nothing that's different or remarkable for one port or channel compared to any other. FYI, I also tried this with an Intel switch (their term is port aggregation) and the numbers are rock steady at ~95Mbits/S, showing no variations but also no throughput numbers higher than I can get with an unbonded NIC. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
SBC patents the wheel
Excerpt from letter to one of their victims: For example your site includes several selectors or tabs that correspond to specific locations within your site documents. These selectors seem to reside in their own frame or part of the user interface. And, as such, the selectors are not lost when a different part of the document is displayed to the user - see screen shots from museumtour.com enclosed. By separating the selectors from the content, Museumetour has truly simplified site navigation and improved the shopping experience for its users. As you review the Structured Document Patent you will notice that the above-discussed features appear to infringe several issued claims in our patent. In light of Museum Tours presumed respect for the intellectual property rights of others, we are pleased to offer you a Preferred Rate license under the structured Document Patent - see enclosed rate schedule -... http://www.theinquirer.net/?article=7314 ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
How to ping a DHCP server
Is there some easy way I can tell from the commandline whether a DHCP server is alive on my network? Ideally it would be a very short, low impact little probe that would maybe just do (say) a DHCPDISCOVER and then report the results, preferably including the time it took to do it. TIA ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Where am I (csh)
The short answer is: it can't be done, at least not in any manner that won't cause projectile vomiting, so just remember that you asked... A hack like this might start with the understanding that scripts are not, in themselves, executable. What's really happening when you execute a script is that the appropriate program (like bash or perl or tcl or whatever) is secretly launched and the script is fed to it for interpretation. That, in turn, usually means that (at least) one of that interpreter's file descriptors will refer to the file that the script is coming from. So, if you're truly twisted you might rummage around in /proc/pidOfInterest/fd/ and see what you can find. For example, I note that descriptor 255 seems to refer to the script in question on my 2.4.18 Debian system when I'm executing bash scripts. [ Note that pidOfInterest will be that of the interpreter (csh in your case) that's executing your script, typically available as $$ ] Of course, there's a whole lot a ways this approach can fail - one (of many) that immediately comes to mind is if the script is being piped to you as stdin from another process. For the record: trickery like this is ugly, guaranteed to be non-portable and causes cancer - you should be forced to swim 50 laps in a septic tank if you ever attempt to put a hack like this into service. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Where am I (csh)
Some followup examples, with the last one showing how it can fail: shrapnel:/tmp 165--- cat /tmp/nastyHack ; chmod a+x /tmp/nastyHack cd $* # Stand in specified directory ($HOME if none), echo PWD is $PWD# confirm our location, ls -CFl /proc/$$/fd # demo the concept. shrapnel:/tmp 166--- cd / ; /tmp/nastyHack PWD is /home/mod total 0 lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:39 0 - /dev/pts/3 lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:39 1 - /dev/pts/3 lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:39 2 - /dev/pts/3 lr-x--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:39 255 - /tmp/nastyHack* shrapnel:/ 167--- cd / ; /tmp/nastyHack /etc PWD is /etc total 0 lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:39 0 - /dev/pts/3 lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:39 1 - /dev/pts/3 lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:39 2 - /dev/pts/3 lr-x--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:39 255 - /tmp/nastyHack* shrapnel:/ 168--- cd /tmp ; ./nastyHack /usr/local PWD is /usr/local total 0 lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:40 0 - /dev/pts/3 lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:40 1 - /dev/pts/3 lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:40 2 - /dev/pts/3 lr-x--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:40 255 - /tmp/nastyHack* shrapnel:/tmp 169--- cd /var/log ; bash /tmp/nastyHack PWD is /home/mod total 0 lr-x--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:40 0 - /tmp/nastyHack* lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:40 1 - /dev/pts/3 lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:40 2 - /dev/pts/3 shrapnel:/var/log 170--- cd /var/log ; cat /tmp/nastyHack | bash PWD is /home/mod total 3 lr-x--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:45 0 - pipe:[364424] lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:45 1 - /dev/pts/3 lrwx--1 mod mod64 Jan 15 17:45 2 - /dev/pts/3 ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Data conversion
In-Reply-To: Your message of Wed, 08 Jan 2003 12:35:15 EST.
000801c2b73c$4e7a16a0$301216cf@winbox
References: 000801c2b73c$4e7a16a0$301216cf@winbox
I cobbled the attached script together a while back
and it may solve at least part of your problem by
allowing you to tabularize your data. It's a hack
that I never intended be seen by actual humans so,
please, cut me at least as much slack about its
(lack of) readability as you would if it were coded
in Perl... ;-
The script is just a hack to allow you to turn
glop like this:
23553065.s 23553065.w Cache News
US XUL.mfasl abook.mab bookmarks.html
cert7.db chrome cookies.txt cookies.txtORIG
cookperm.txt crunchBookmarks diffBookmarks downloads.rdf
genAlphaFolder history.dat history.mab install.log
key3.db localstore.rdf mimeTypes.rdf panacea.dat
panels.rdf prefs.bak prefs.js search.rdf
...into glop like this
23553065.s 23553065.w Cache News
US XUL.mfasl abook.mab bookmarks.html
cert7.db chrome cookies.txt cookies.txtORIG
cookperm.txt crunchBookmarks diffBookmarks downloads.rdf
genAlphaFolder history.dat history.mab install.log
key3.dblocalstore.rdf mimeTypes.rdf panacea.dat
panels.rdf prefs.bak prefs.js search.rdf
...by saying:
lineup unalignedStuff alignedStuff
# This shell script employs AWK to read through a text file, treating
# the Nth whitespace-separated token (as recognized by AWK) in each
# line as an element of the corresponding Nth tabular column. That
# is, the Nth elements of all lines are regarded as being members of
# the Nth column of the input.
#
# After capturing stdin in a temp file, we note the widest token in
# each column, using that information to generate an AWK format string
# suitable for use during a second pass, in which we actually emit (as
# stdout) the text from that same temp file, tabularized.
#
# This version of this script is my first attempt at it - improvements
# are undoubtedly possible...
#
# HACK: supplying ANY args on the command line is regarded as a
# request that the format string itself be displayed before
# the results, in a form suitable for use inside VI.
#
timeStamp=`date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S'`
tempFile=/tmp/$$tempFile$timeStamp
formatString=/tmp/$$format$timeStamp
cat $tempFile
nawk ' BEGIN { fieldMax = 0 } ; { if( NF fieldMax ) { fieldMax = NF } for( i = 1; i
= NF; ++i ) { width = length( $i ); if( width widest[ i ] ) { widest[ i ] = width;
} } } ; END { if( fieldMax 0 ) { printf( { printf( \%%-%ds, widest[ 1 ] ); if(
fieldMax 1 ) { for( i = 2; i = fieldMax; ++i ) { printf( %%-%ds, widest[ i ] );
} } printf( \\n\ ); for( i = 1; i = fieldMax; ++i ) { printf( , $%d, i ); }
printf( ); }\n ); } } ' $tempFile $formatString
#
# Presence of args means Please Show Format String,
# so generate a complete nawk commandline from it...
#
if [ ! -z $1 ]
then
sed -e 's/%/\\%/g' -e s/^/nawk '/ -e s/$/ '/ $formatString
fi
nawk -f $formatString $tempFile | sed -e 's/[ ][ ]*$//'
rm -f $formatString $tempFile
Re: Moving files
But, thanks to everyone for the suggestions. They served as a great
jumping off point for a fairly interesting discussion. However,
I was a bit upset that no one posted a solution in assembly ;-)
OK. This doesn't really fit the bill except
as a smartass technicality, but here ya go...
.section.rodata
.align 32
.LC0:
.string perl -MFile::Find -e 'find(sub{return if (! -f); $orig = $_; y/ /_/;
rename($orig, $_);}, \kens-mp3-dir\);'
.text
.align 4
.globl main
.typemain,@function
main:
pushl %ebp
movl %esp,%ebp
subl $8,%esp
addl $-12,%esp
pushl $.LC0
call system
addl $16,%esp
leave
ret
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Re: Moving files
One approach:
- Create a script named (say) /tmp/renameSpaces
which consists of the single command:
mv $* `echo $* | sed -e 's/ /_/g'`
- Mark that script executable:
chmod a+x /tmp/renameSpaces
- Then say
find yourMP3directory -type f -exec /tmp/renameSpaces {} \;
And I'm sure our local Perl wizards will inform us that a
single line of Perl code like
$@*^%__++mp3
already handles this exact problem. BTW, I'll take
this opportunity to mention that I am in the process
of writing my very first Perl program. Ick and ouch.
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Re: Moving files
Gentlemen, Many thanks for all the excellent followup - in the immortal words of The Bard: GNHLUG rocks! BTW - what would Shakespeare be doing if he were alive today? . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...he'd be clawing madly at the lid of his coffin! ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Moving files
So let me get this straight: For people who don't understand Perl, Perl is hard to understand. Now, cut that out. Derek's point, of course, is that some languages are (can be) gobbledegookier than others and (for some of us, at least) Perl sure does seem to make you have to gobble WAY more gook than anyone should have to... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Moving files
Kenny or mod, both of whom, if they had cared to I'm sure, could have figured either one-liner out in as much time. You're right, of course - I did. And I hope nobody took any offense at my request for explanations. FYI, when I asked for y'all to explain your one-liners I did it (as much as anything else) for the benefit of the silent lurkers today and those who might be cruising these archives in future. I like to think the GNHLUG list is good for that sort of thing. When I (and others, I assume) gripe about Perl we're not demanding that full enlightenment leap directly from the source code on the page/screen into our neural pathways with no prior expenditure of time or effort on the part of the reader. But here I am trying to add Perl to the list of languages I know and, in some senses, Perl pisses me off because it *is* familiar - it's a Frankenstein tangle of bleeding chunks ripped from various other languages that I'm expert in. It's the same, only different. With Perl, those similarities trick me into thinking that I know what's going on when I really don't. Maybe I'd have more patience with it if it was completely UNfamiliar... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Free Books...
Anyone want any of the following books before I get rid of them: XWindow System Inside and Out - Reiss Radin, McGraw Hill, 1992 MVS - Johnson, McGraw Hill, 1989 IBM Mainframes Architecture Design - Prasad, McGraw Hill, 1989 IBM System/370 Reference Summary - IBM, 1989 Linux for Dummies pocket reference - Jon 'maddog' Hall, IDG, 1999 Data Communications, A Beginner's guide to Conecpts and Technology, - Helmers, PTR Prentice Hall, 1989 Just For Fun - Torvalds, Harper Business, 2001 Let me know, and I'll bring them to the next Nashua MELBA meeting (whenever that is :) ...and I recently decided that my collection of O'Reilly X Window System books (at least 10 books) need a new home, so those are also up for grabs... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: [osf_alums] Relaying file ops to userland
The problems with using a named pipe are: [...etc...] Right. FYI, I'm developing some support infrastructure that works in conjunction with certain apps that won't even be aware that they're being helped, so it's a requirement that existing file-access behaviors be unchanged. Thanks to all for the tips. And Happy New Year, too. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Notable bash $PATH behavior trivia
I just noticed that I was able to execute programs in the current directory without prefixing their names with ./ and without having . in my $PATH. After saying WTF? a number of times I finally figured out that it's related to my PATH being defined with a leading colon, sorta like this: export PATH=:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr:local/bin ...so those of you who (for security reasons) are careful to exclude . from your $PATH need also be careful about leading colons, apparently... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Notable bash $PATH behavior trivia
I wrote: I just noticed that I was able to execute programs in the current directory without prefixing their names with ./ and without having . in my $PATH. After saying WTF? a number of times I finally figured out that it's related to my PATH being defined with a leading colon, sorta like this: export PATH=:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr:local/bin ^ ^ I intended that to be a slash, not a colon... ...so those of you who (for security reasons) are careful to exclude . from your $PATH need also be careful about leading colons, apparently... Further investigation indicates that ANY empty component of your $PATH definition causes this behavior, not just an empty first component, so this would cause it, too: export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin::/usr/local/bin I think this qualifies as a reportable bug... FYI, my $BASH_VERSION is: 2.05b.0(1)-release ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Notable bash $PATH behavior trivia
I think this qualifies as a reportable bug... Not unless the documented behavior is otherwise... this behavior is the normal, expected behavior of bourne-derivative shells. Interesting; I can't find such behavior specified in the man page for BASH, so I wonder where would such documented behavior actually be documented? And why do you say that it's the normal, expected behavior? Or do you mean that it's what YOU regard as normal and what YOU expect? I'm not exactly a newbie but I confess that I didn't expect this (though in retrospect I guess I can see some logic in it) and I don't know (authoritatively) what's normal... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
mail-archive.com dropping some GNHLUG lists?
Until yesterday I got 5 hits when I searched for gnhlug in the list of lists at mail-archive.com: http://www.mail-archive.com/index.php?hunt=gnhlug ...but today I see only 3. Anybody know anything about that? Is there a definitive GNHLUG archive? Is it at gnhlug.org? ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: GPG testing...
No, [GPG] is not flawed, either, anymore than a wrench is flawed because it makes a lousy screwdriver. Right. Funny - this all reminds me of the time when my little sister and I were presented with a pair of walkie-talkies. Our parents were initially pleased to see how much fun we had using them, but we couldn't understand why they were irritated about our wanting to use them EVERYWHERE, even at the dinner table... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: GPG testing...
So some fsckwad is using my good name to send spam. Either that, or there's a new spam going around that just says 'fuck you'. Fascinating. Why would anybody do such a thing to you? Do you have enemies? Where can one see an example of the forgery? So, time to start signing with GPG so at least I know when I sent something, and the rest of you do, too. I've got mutt set up on What would have been different if you'd used GPG? ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Relaying file ops to userland
It seems that I recall several times in the past that I've stumbled across packages that allow you to rig your system such that various file operations are relayed to code in userland rather than (or in addition to) being handled by the kernel. It seems that I recall one that (with minimal effort) provided the ability to create a device node that could be owned by an arbitrary userland process and I may have also seen some trick that allowed you to intercept arbitrary file ops on arbitrary files. Assuming that I'm not just suffering some sort of False Memory Syndrome here, can somebody remind me where I might have seen these? BTW, a named pipe might at first seem to be a solution until you remember that real files aren't FIFO... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Performance monitoring?
Does anyone know of any utilities which can dig into disk drive performance? I'm looking to discover the disk busy time, i.e., what percentage of time is the disk off doing something, such that requests to the disk are blocked. I'm not sure I understand what you're trying to measure, but note that you might find it difficult to characterize certain behaviors of your disk units if they have caches (pretty much all of them do) that are enabled (pretty much all have them enabled by default) because the caches will, to some extent, hide the delays due to seek- and rotational-latencies. You can always shut the caches off (using commands like hdparm and scsiinfo) but I'm guessing that's not representative of your normal operating mode, so it might only serve to satisfy your curiosity and slow the system throughput waayy down... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: [Off-Topic] Free Software Consortium in search of Consultants and Agents in your area.
some lowlife wrote: We would like to invite you to be a founding members of the FSC either as a Consultant and/or an Agent. FYI, this is SPAM that has been sent to LUGs worldwide. Further, you'll find vosn.net mentioned in a number of anti-SPAM filters. Does Gelinas still manage the GNHLUG list? Can somebody please remove the entry in question? I guess if I imagined that I had a way to persuade folks to simply hand me 20% of their income I might consider SPAMming the planet while draping myself with the Open Source flag to accomplish it, too. Maybe we need to tighten up the GNHLUG list subscription procedure... . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: man pages
Just FYI, dealing with info can be made less painful (in some circumstances) because info changes its behavior when it detects that its output isn't a tty. So if you don't want to mess around navigating info's hierarchy you can just pipe it to less (or even to a file) and then deal with it on your terms, as in: info bash | less ...which is no more painful than reading a man page. . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: scp to directory w/o execute permissions
In this it might actually help to RTFM for sshd - I just had a quick look and it appears that you can mess around with the entries in $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys such that no commands other than one you specify can be executed. The conditions under which this will work may be too restrictive for your purposes, but it's probably worth investigating... . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: scp to directory w/o execute permissions
When you were born I *did* look 23. Because I was. Eh, then you're not old yet, but it's creepin' right up on ya... ;-) WARNING: Dates on calendar are closer than they appear. Very slick!! This looks like it's going to do just what we need, thanks. bows Not to spoil Derek's moment of glory, but I'm curious - did you check out that authorized_keys trick? I haven't had a chance to fool with it but the example I saw while RTFM was intriguing, so I wonder if you evaluated it and found it lacking, or just made a command decision... . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Networking help
0.0.0.0 10.241.38.1 0.0.0.0 UG 40 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.10.10.0.0.0 UG 40 0 0 eth0 Are those multiple default routes, which would be b0rken? ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Networking help
Dude, you have two default gateways. This is almost always a problem on Linux boxen, IME. Lose one of them. This is standard when you have 2 interfaces. All my boxes are configured similarly, but this one is the one exhibiting problems. Hmmm. I thought the whole point of a default route was to function as the when all else fails, handoff here route, so I would think that multiple default routes wouldn't make sense, in principle. Shouldn't you instead have one default and then some mumble routes for specific networks on specific interfaces? . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Networking help
I agree with JABR that this is not a good default configuration, even if it does work now. You shouldn't have multiple default routes unless you KNOW it will work. If the second network is a private network that does not route to the Internet, then having a default route that goes there is stupid. The very concept of a default route (at least as I know it) simply does not allow for there being more than one in a correctly configured system. Maybe I just need reeducation - can somebody here explain how to think about having more than one default route, or at least supply a pointer to a good explanation? Remember that Bob Newhart show? I'm Larry, this is my brother Darrel, and this is my other brother Darrel... . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: can't mount cdrom
I wrote If you have the proper symlink in /dev you should be able to simply say mount /dev/cdrom /cdrom . . . ...but then Ken pointed out: Nay; you've got it backwards -- it's not Linux that's throwing you... leastwise, I don't think it is. You're inserting a stock, store-bought audio CD-ROM? If so, there -are- no files; the raw audio data is encoded right on the media. In order to get it off (regardless of operating system), you have to use some sort of CD-ROM-to-MP3 ripping software. ...which, of course, is much more likely to be correct. Duh. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: shell scripting style question
I think of this question as being about the basic behaviors of some important tools (the shell, find and ls) that are worth understanding in their own right; the style or scripting aspects seem secondary. Just out of curiosity, is the only difference between using find and ls -R (in this particular case) that you can use more than one glob argument? You can specify multiple paths (which can in turn be the result of shell globbing) to find, so that doesn't really count as a difference. Actually, find can also do its own globbing (ie. file selection based on Regular Expressions applied to filenames) where ls cannot. In general, find is the far more powerful tool. For example, you can tell find to mention all files with a particular combination of permissions, ownership and modification time at a certain directory nesting level. I usually think of ls as a pretty-printer for directory listings while find is the workhorse utility for driving other tools, though ls can be used in similar ways in the less demanding situations. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: symbolic link question
While solving a related problem I ended up writing the
following little program that might be of interest to you:
#include stdio.h
#include string.h
/*
*
* Read lines from stdin, assume they're pathnames, attempt
* to convert them to their canonical form, print canonical
* version if successful else just echo unconverted input.
*/
int
main(
intargc,
char **argv )
{
char pathname[ 102400 ];
char canonical[ 102400 ];
char *ptr;
while( fgets( pathname, (sizeof( pathname ) - 1), stdin ) ) {
if( (ptr = strchr( pathname, '\n' )) ) {
*ptr = 0;
}
printf( %s\n, realpath( pathname, canonical )? canonical: pathname );
}
return( 0 );
}
...which (after saving that source code in a file
named canonicalPath.c) you might be able to use thus:
gcc -o ~/bin/canonicalPath canonicalPath.c
ln -s /tmp myLocalTMPsymlink
cd `echo myLocalTMPsymlink | ~/bin/canonicalPath`
pwd
...and of course you could then redefine your 'cd'
command as a function:
function cd() {
builtin cd `echo $1 | ~/bin/canonicalPath`
}
...which would allow you to just use your 'cd'
command as always.
___
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(/.) How To Get Hired As An Open Source Developer
http://www.theopenenterprise.com/story/TOE20021202S0001 . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: log-reader
tail -f yourLogFileHere ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Subject: RE: log-reader
I wrote: prettyMuchEverybody wrote: tail -f logfile Sheesh. I hereby certify us all as Linux Professionals. Erik wrote: Fine by me. It makes me look less stupid for not knowing. ;) That would at least make me a Linux User, as opposed to a Linux Luser. Since I'm not sure how you took that, let me say that no ill-will should be read into my msg because it certainly wasn't written with any, and I didn't mean to imply that you're a Luser. I was just amused at how many of us piled on to answer that little query... . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Subject: RE: log-reader
FYI, another way to monitor changing events is via the watch command, though it's used in slightly different circumstances than the OP asked about; it's prepared to repeatedly execute some command and keep the screen updated with the results. Example: watch ifconfig ...will show the changing Tx/Rx counts associated w/your Enets. ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: [gnhlug-announce] My apologies...
Paul's misconduct is indeed a serious matter; his resignation is hereby accepted. Since punishment must fit the crime, we must devise something truly heinous; some fate so awful that we can barely contemplate it. Done. Paul is hereby sentenced to... REINSTATEMENT! BwaaAAHH! HAHAHAHAHAHA . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Subject: RE: log-reader
Thanks for the clarification, as I generally invoke an editor ad hoc for editing specific documents, and then dissolve it when I'm done. If you (and other emacs users) fire it up as part of your initial window invocations and leave it up during your entire working session then, yes, I can clearly see that there's no cost associated with using it to check the logs. Conversely, starting up a separate invocation of emacs just to watch the logs seemed to me to be a bit expensive. Doesn't Emacs have a client-server mode (or version) wherein one heavyweight Emacs process remains resident in memory and then a bunch of lightweight Emacs processes can connect to it? ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Contivity VPN woes
I have a home Enet firewalled behind a linux box. My wife can bring her laptop home from work and connect it to our home net and pretty much everything just works - I serve her an IP addr via DHCP and (except for the Contivity VPN stuff) she's off and running. I got the following email from her IT guy at work and I wonder if anybody can offer any tips: Please inform your husband that his firewall needs to allow outbound UDP port 50 and IP protocol 500. If he is doing NAT, then there needs to be a way to let an IPsec tunnel through without manipulating the packet. Is my firewall scrogging us? I clearly need to learn more about IPsec and VPN stuff... . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Humor: Cargo Cult Programming
Screen has been around forever, which accomplishes the same thing. And, vim also supports this functionality. Well, I guess for relatively small values of 'forever' :) Here, just FYA, is a pretty good representation of history to help you calculate an upper bound for possible values of 'forever' http://www.levenez.com/unix/history.html#01 . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Humor: Cargo Cult Programming
Since screen depends on pseudo-ttys it's unlikely that it was around before they were first implemented... ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Humor: Cargo Cult Programming
As I've said before, I suspect that emacs- and perl-users are actually the higher life forms; it's just that I don't know how to use them and so keep falling back on vi and the other tools that I already know... As a general answer to pll's queries: vi can't necessarily do all the goofy things that emacs can do, but it is surprisingly powerful. And I'm just talking about plain old vi; vim has tricks up its sleeve that you'd never suspect. If I had to name some of my favorite vi characteristics I'd have to say its regular expression handling and particularly its feed-specified-region-as-stdin-to- arbitrary-program-and-replace-that-region-with-the- resultant-stdout trick. The latter means that you can do anything with any text in any vi buffer that you could do with any arbitrary program that processes its stdin and spews something useful via its stdout. Therefore, the answer to most of pll's queries is yes (though YMMV) because you can sort, columnize, reformat, etc, with programs like sort, cut, ls, tbl, indent, fmt, etc. And if there isn't already a program that does what you want, you can write one. For example, I wrote an awk script to do similar sorts of tabularization trickery that somebody already showed emacs to be capable of. I must say, the (results of) that emacs trick look prettier than mine, but that just reflects the (lack of) effort I put into that coding that script; it did what I needed. The way you use the bufferStdinStdoutSubstitution trick is to (A) specify the buffer and then (B) inform vi which program to execute. You accomplish A by placing the cursor on a line and saying ! followed by any normal vi motion command. vi will then (B) invite you to say which program you'd like the implied buffer to be fed to as stdin. EXAMPLE: Since saying } means goto-end-of-paragraph you can reformat a paragraph (for example) by placing the cursor on the first line of a paragraph and saying !}fmt -1 | sort -fdu | fmt -55 which means feed this paragraph as stdin to the fmt program and replace it with fmt's output . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
Re: Humor: Cargo Cult Programming
OTOH, the fact that vi and vim seem to treat some characters as magical (like '#' and especially '%') really louses me up sometimes, at which point I scramble back to emacs. (I can't :'a,.! perl -pe 's/^/#/' in vim, for example) Heh. All it takes is one additional backslash: :'a,.! perl -pe 's/^/\#/' There - that wasn't so bad, now - was it? . ___ gnhlug-discuss mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://mail.gnhlug.org/mailman/listinfo/gnhlug-discuss
