Re: lacking follow-through
Carl Banks wrote: I'm surprised there is anyone who still gives castironpi credit for being fully human. His recent posts have generally been quite different from those of some months ago. Even he recognizes that they were somewhat weird and has tried to do better. Did he ever make any degrading attacks on people like the above, to deserve receiving such? This reminds me of my elementary school, where people who made social mistakes were sometimes never allowed to recover but were dumped on for years. tjr -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ctypes: Get full contents of character array
On Sep 12, 6:38 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Hello!
>
> I wanted to get the full contents of a character array stored in a
> struct, i.e.
> _fields_ = [...("array", c_char * 12)...]
> however, ctypes seems to try to return struct.array as a Python string
> rather than a character array, and stops as soon as it encounters a
> null within the character array.
>
> I ended up having to define a dummy struct
> class dummystruct(Structure):
> _fields_ = []
>
> and declare array as:
> ("array", dummystruct)
>
> then use string_at(byref(struct.array), 12).
>
> Is this really the best way of doing it? Is there no better way to
> work around ctypes 'guess what you want' behaviour?
>
> Thanks in advance,
> Rodrigo
Rodrigo,
If you have the option to change your declaration to c_byte* 12, you
have more options. This example prints the null character you wanted.
from ctypes import *
import struct
class S( Structure ):
_fields_= [
( 'array', c_byte* 12 )
]
s= S()
#initialize
struct.pack_into( '7s', s.array, 0, 'abc\x00def' )
#prototype and call PyString_FromStringAndSize
prototype= PYFUNCTYPE( py_object, POINTER( c_byte ), c_size_t )
PyString_FromStringAndSize= prototype( ( "PyString_FromStringAndSize",
pythonapi ) )
x= PyString_FromStringAndSize( s.array, 12 )
print repr( x )
#prototype and call PyString_FromString for contrast
prototype= PYFUNCTYPE( py_object, POINTER( c_byte ) )
PyString_FromString= prototype( ( "PyString_FromString", pythonapi ) )
x= PyString_FromString( s.array )
print repr( x )
/Output:
'abc\x00def\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
'abc'
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Re: lacking follow-through
On Sep 12, 8:16 am, Steve Holden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > castironpi wrote: > > On Sep 7, 5:03 pm, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > >> On Mon, 08 Sep 2008 07:34:55 +1000, James Mills wrote: > >>> This is the strangest post I've seen > >>> since I've joined this list (only > >>> recently). What the ? > >> Yeah, castironpi sometimes doesn't make much sense. Maybe because it's a > >> bot!? :-) > > >> Ciao, > >> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch > > > No, I'm legit, and I believe my complaint is. That's all I can > > guarantee anyway. While I'm still not a vet on Usenet, I'm still > > disappointed so far. Though I should be flattered for my logic to be > > ever compared to an A.I.'s. > > Your various outpourings appear so rambling and ill-conceived that > silence is often the only polite response. > > If you are flattered to be compared to an AI you must come from the same > race as Mr. Spock in Star Trek. I'm surprised there is anyone who still gives castironpi credit for being fully human. Carl Banks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lacking follow-through
On Sep 12, 12:35 pm, Fredrik Lundh <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Steve Holden wrote: > > The defence rests. > > can you please stop quoting that guy, so we don't have to killfile you > as well... Guy? Carl Banks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: n00b question: Better Syntax for Coroutines?
On Sep 12, 9:08 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> First off, I'm a python n00b, so feel free to comment on anything if
> I'm doing it "the wrong way." I'm building a discrete event simulation
> tool. I wanted to use coroutines. However, I want to know if there's
> any way to hide a yield statement.
>
> I have a class that I'd like to look like this:
>
> class Pinger(Actor):
> def go(self):
> success = True
> while success:
> result = self.ping("128.111.41.38")
> if result != "success":
> success = False
> print "Pinger done"
>
> But because I can't hide yield inside ping, and because I can't find a
> convenient way to get a self reference to the coroutine (which is used
> by the event queue to pass back results), my code looks like this:
>
> class Pinger(Actor):
> def go(self):
> # I dislike this next line
> self.this_pointer = (yield None)
> success = True
> while success:
> # I want to get rid of the yield in the next line
> result = (yield self.ping("128.111.41.38"))
> if result != "success":
> success = False
> print "Pinger done"
>
> I'd like to know, is there a way to get the syntax I want?
I think you're stuck with using threads in a standard Python release.
Generators can't serve as coroutines when you're yielding from a
nested call (they only go one level deep).
You can get coroutines with Stackless Python, a non-standard version
of Python. But even with Stackless I got the impression that you'd be
building coroutines atop something that was fairly thread-like. There
is no coroutine syntax.
Carl Banks
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Wrong application name in menubar of OS X
Hi, The menubar of OS X is showing the application name as Python instead of the name of my wxpython gui app. How do I make my application name show-up in the menu bar? Thanks! Erik -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: universal unicode font for reportlab
Duncan Booth <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>The not too scientific test I did was to copy the font embedding example
>from the Reportlab documentation, modify it enough to make it actually
>run, and then change the output to have only one glyph. The resulting
>PDF is virtually identical. I'm not a reportlab expert though so I may
>have made some blindingly obvious beginners mistake (or maybe it only
>subsets fonts over a certain size or glyphs outside the ascii range?).
>
>-- rlab.py
>import os, sys
>import reportlab
>folder = os.path.dirname(reportlab.__file__) + os.sep + 'fonts'
>afmFile = os.path.join(folder, 'LeERC___.AFM')
>pfbFile = os.path.join(folder, 'LeERC___.PFB')
>from reportlab.pdfbase import pdfmetrics
>justFace = pdfmetrics.EmbeddedType1Face(afmFile, pfbFile)
>faceName = 'LettErrorRobot-Chrome' # pulled from AFM file
>pdfmetrics.registerTypeFace(justFace)
>justFont = pdfmetrics.Font('LettErrorRobot-Chrome',faceName,'WinAnsiEncoding')
OK, look the other way while I backpedal furiously. The conversation on
the mailing last year was focused on TrueType fonts. Those are subsetted.
EmbeddedType1Face, used for Type 1 fonts, does appear to embed the entire
font.
--
Tim Roberts, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Providenza & Boekelheide, Inc.
--
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Re: n00b question: Better Syntax for Coroutines?
On Sep 12, 8:08 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> First off, I'm a python n00b, so feel free to comment on anything if
> I'm doing it "the wrong way." I'm building a discrete event simulation
> tool. I wanted to use coroutines. However, I want to know if there's
> any way to hide a yield statement.
>
> I have a class that I'd like to look like this:
>
> class Pinger(Actor):
> def go(self):
> success = True
> while success:
> result = self.ping("128.111.41.38")
> if result != "success":
> success = False
> print "Pinger done"
>
> But because I can't hide yield inside ping, and because I can't find a
> convenient way to get a self reference to the coroutine (which is used
> by the event queue to pass back results), my code looks like this:
>
> class Pinger(Actor):
> def go(self):
> # I dislike this next line
> self.this_pointer = (yield None)
> success = True
> while success:
> # I want to get rid of the yield in the next line
> result = (yield self.ping("128.111.41.38"))
> if result != "success":
> success = False
> print "Pinger done"
>
> I posted a more detailed version of this as a rant
> here:http://illusorygoals.com/post/49926627/
>
> I'd like to know, is there a way to get the syntax I want? After
> staying up late last night to get a proof-of-concept working with
> coroutines, my boss expressed disappointment in the ugliness of the
> Pinger code (we agreed on the desired syntax above). I spent almost 2
> hours today to migrate the system over to threads. That made my boss
> happy, but I'm still curious if I can do something to salvage the
> coroutine version.
>
> Regards,
> IG
I did not read you whole post though I did skim your link. I don't
know your whole problem but it seems you are trying to inform a
generator of its own identity. Here's a solution to that problem;
perhaps it relates to yours. (The shorter retort is, "Just use
closures.")
def gen( ):
def _gen( ):
while 1:
yield 1, 'i am %r'% ob
yield 2, 'i am %r'% ob
yield 3, 'i am %r'% ob
ob= _gen( )
return ob
gens= [ gen( ) for _ in range( 4 ) ]
for i in range( 6 ):
print i
for g in gens:
print g.next( )
/Output (lengthy):
0
(1, 'i am ')
(1, 'i am ')
(1, 'i am ')
(1, 'i am ')
1
(2, 'i am ')
(2, 'i am ')
(2, 'i am ')
(2, 'i am ')
2
(3, 'i am ')
(3, 'i am ')
(3, 'i am ')
(3, 'i am ')
3
(1, 'i am ')
(1, 'i am ')
(1, 'i am ')
(1, 'i am ')
4
(2, 'i am ')
(2, 'i am ')
(2, 'i am ')
(2, 'i am ')
5
(3, 'i am ')
(3, 'i am ')
(3, 'i am ')
(3, 'i am ')
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Insider information, fackbook labs open today, we the first to register!
Insider information, fackbook labs open today, we the first to register! www.fackbooklabs.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Good python web programming books
On Sep 12, 6:08 pm, "Chris Rebert" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I've heard good things about The Django Book:http://www.djangobook.com/ > - Chris > > > > On Fri, Sep 12, 2008 at 5:57 PM, bhaarat Sharma <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > Hi Guys, > > > I am very new to python. I am looking for a good book about python web > > programming. > > > I looked at a few online like Web Programming In Python but most are quite > > old. > > > If you've read a good book on python web programming can you please suggest > > some? > > > Thanks > > > -- > >http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > > -- > Follow the path of the Iguana...http://rebertia.com Im exploring TurboGears and loving it. However I don't know how well you will do learning a web framework at the same time as the language. Spend a few weeks (at least) learning the language basics from the tutorials, then maybe try Django or TurboGears. You could do some neat stuff with mod_python as a beginner, so maybe start there. http://docs.python.org/tut/ http://diveintopython.org/ http://www.modpython.org/ http://www.turbogearsbook.com/ Good luck! m2c, ~Sean -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: GUI programming with python
On Saturday 13 September 2008 01:04, sturlamolden wrote: > On Sep 12, 8:33 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Al Dykes) wrote: > >> OK, what are my choices for an IDE/GUI development tool that runs on XP? [...] > Cpython with PyQt: BlackAdder People using this combination apparently prefer Eric, these days: http://www.die-offenbachs.de/eric/index.html More suggestions can be found on this page: http://wiki.python.org/moin/IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RELEASED Python 2.6rc1
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 On behalf of the Python development team and the Python community, I am happy to announce the first release candidate for Python 2.6. This is a release candidate, so while it is not suitable for production environments, we strongly encourage you to download the release and test it on your software. We expect only critical bugs to be fixed between now and the final 2.6 release, still scheduled for October 1st, 2008. There is one more release candidate planned for September 17th. You might notice that unlike earlier releases, we are /not/ releasing Python 3.0rc1 at this time. It was decided that 3.0 still needs time to resolve open issues and that we would not hold up the 2.6 release for this. We feel that Python 2.6 is nearly ready for its final release. If you find things broken or incorrect, please submit bug reports at http://bugs.python.org For more information and downloadable distributions, see the Python 2.6 website: http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.6/ (Note that the Windows installers will be uploaded shortly.) See PEP 361 for release schedule details: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0361/ Enjoy, - -Barry Barry Warsaw [EMAIL PROTECTED] Python 2.6/3.0 Release Manager (on behalf of the entire python-dev team) -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.4.9 (Darwin) iQCVAwUBSMsXV3EjvBPtnXfVAQJFsgP9GxZYQocbDTd0Z/0yEjpHfZ/FTd8y83jV 5JouO07lB8XtLawnWB9hF8sUrCuBVog5He3mLVUPDmlyn30qvjYWMG2J6zW0yYMX yZdjUyUmta0IMCsXe7YXj369xebh4nWuwG4tDygly4donA7GYPXAlxI48MmyDJxw 1v07LM4Dttw= =Nd3s -END PGP SIGNATURE- -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Good python web programming books
That will be concentrating more on the Django framework On Fri, Sep 12, 2008 at 6:08 PM, Chris Rebert <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I've heard good things about The Django Book: http://www.djangobook.com/ > - Chris > > On Fri, Sep 12, 2008 at 5:57 PM, bhaarat Sharma <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > wrote: > > Hi Guys, > > > > I am very new to python. I am looking for a good book about python web > > programming. > > > > I looked at a few online like Web Programming In Python but most are > quite > > old. > > > > If you've read a good book on python web programming can you please > suggest > > some? > > > > Thanks > > > > > > -- > > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > > > > > > -- > Follow the path of the Iguana... > http://rebertia.com > -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
n00b question: Better Syntax for Coroutines?
First off, I'm a python n00b, so feel free to comment on anything if
I'm doing it "the wrong way." I'm building a discrete event simulation
tool. I wanted to use coroutines. However, I want to know if there's
any way to hide a yield statement.
I have a class that I'd like to look like this:
class Pinger(Actor):
def go(self):
success = True
while success:
result = self.ping("128.111.41.38")
if result != "success":
success = False
print "Pinger done"
But because I can't hide yield inside ping, and because I can't find a
convenient way to get a self reference to the coroutine (which is used
by the event queue to pass back results), my code looks like this:
class Pinger(Actor):
def go(self):
# I dislike this next line
self.this_pointer = (yield None)
success = True
while success:
# I want to get rid of the yield in the next line
result = (yield self.ping("128.111.41.38"))
if result != "success":
success = False
print "Pinger done"
I posted a more detailed version of this as a rant here:
http://illusorygoals.com/post/49926627/
I'd like to know, is there a way to get the syntax I want? After
staying up late last night to get a proof-of-concept working with
coroutines, my boss expressed disappointment in the ugliness of the
Pinger code (we agreed on the desired syntax above). I spent almost 2
hours today to migrate the system over to threads. That made my boss
happy, but I'm still curious if I can do something to salvage the
coroutine version.
Regards,
IG
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Good python web programming books
I've heard good things about The Django Book: http://www.djangobook.com/ - Chris On Fri, Sep 12, 2008 at 5:57 PM, bhaarat Sharma <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi Guys, > > I am very new to python. I am looking for a good book about python web > programming. > > I looked at a few online like Web Programming In Python but most are quite > old. > > If you've read a good book on python web programming can you please suggest > some? > > Thanks > > > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > -- Follow the path of the Iguana... http://rebertia.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Good python web programming books
Hi Guys, I am very new to python. I am looking for a good book about python web programming. I looked at a few online like Web Programming In Python but most are quite old. If you've read a good book on python web programming can you please suggest some? Thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Gateway to python-list is generating bounce messages.
On Sep 12, 11:15 pm, Matt Nordhoff <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Steven D'Aprano wrote: > > On Thu, 11 Sep 2008 17:27:33 +0200, Sjoerd Mullender wrote: > > >> When mail messages bounce, the MTA (Message Transfer Agent--the program > >> that handles mail) *should* send the bounce message to whatever is in > >> the Sender header, and only if that header does not exist, should it use > >> the From header. > > > Who makes up these rules, and why should we pay the least bit of > > attention to them? > > > It's one thing to say "right or wrong, that's what list admins do and you > > have to deal with their behaviour whatever way you can". It's another > > thing altogether to take the legalistic attitude of "never mind the > > consequences, the standard is the standard and must be unthinkingly > > obeyed". If the standard does more harm than good, then ignoring the > > standard is the right thing to do. (Better would be to change the > > standard, but that probably won't happen until there's a critical mass of > > people who ignore the existing broken standard and form their own de > > facto standard.) > > > A standard isn't "correct" just because it's a standard, it's merely > > something that a committee has agreed to do. In other words, it's a > > compromise. Now, such compromises might be good and useful, or they might > > combine the worst of all opinions. Just because something is standardized > > doesn't make it the right thing to do. If you want proof of this, I give > > you the recently approved ISO standard for Microsoft's so-called "Office > > Open XML" OOXML file format. > > > The standard behaviour of sending bounce and out-of-office messages to > > the sender works well when sending email to individuals, but for mailing > > lists it is pointless and counter-productive. Pointless, because the > > sender can't do anything to fix the problem he's being notified about. > > And counter-productive, because it is an anti-feature, something that > > makes the mailing list more unpleasant and less useful. Anyone who has > > regularly emailed to a large mailing list has surely experienced the > > frustration of receiving bounce messages from perfect strangers. > > > To anyone who wishes to defend the process of sending mailing list > > bounces back the sender, ask yourself this: what do YOU do with such > > bounces when you receive them? If you ignore them or delete them (whether > > manually or via a procmail recipe or some other automatic system) then > > what benefit does the standard behaviour offer? > > I think you misunderstand. He's referring to the Sender header, not the>From > header. The messages the listbot sends out have a Sender header of > > "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" (supposing the > subscriber's email address is [EMAIL PROTECTED]). Bounces should be > directed to the bitbucket or list admin or whatever, not the user in > the>>From header. kring.com just has a broken mail server. > Ah, kring.com. I've been receiving bounces from there as well since Wednesday. I just added it to my spam blacklist and forgot about it. I'm just wondering what would happen if someone posted from there... :-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Gateway to python-list is generating bounce messages.
Grant Edwards wrote: > On 2008-09-12, Matt Nordhoff <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > >> I think you misunderstand. He's referring to the Sender >> header, not the From header. The messages the listbot sends >> out have a Sender header of >> "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" (supposing >> the subscriber's email address is [EMAIL PROTECTED]). Bounces >> should be directed to the bitbucket or list admin or whatever, >> not the user in the From header. kring.com just has a broken >> mail server. > > So the statement below by Dennis Lee Bieber in message > [EMAIL PROTECTED] isn't actually > correct? > > >>Three: The bounce/ooo-reply is sent to the message author, not > >>to any intermediate host(s). After all, on that end, it's > >>normal email failure response -- notify the author of the > >>message. It doesn't matter that the original message was posted > >>on a Usenet newsgroup if that group is automatically relayed to > >>members of a mailing list. I have no idea. My post was assuming that Sjoerd Mullender was correct. With headers like "Return-Path", "Errors-To" and "Sender", ISTM the mailing list software is doing everything it can to avoid bounces getting sent to the user in the From header. If it's completely wrong, then, well, it would be silly to have gone to the effort. -- -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ctypes: Get full contents of character array
Hello!
I wanted to get the full contents of a character array stored in a
struct, i.e.
_fields_ = [...("array", c_char * 12)...]
however, ctypes seems to try to return struct.array as a Python string
rather than a character array, and stops as soon as it encounters a
null within the character array.
I ended up having to define a dummy struct
class dummystruct(Structure):
_fields_ = []
and declare array as:
("array", dummystruct)
then use string_at(byref(struct.array), 12).
Is this really the best way of doing it? Is there no better way to
work around ctypes 'guess what you want' behaviour?
Thanks in advance,
Rodrigo
--
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Re: Gateway to python-list is generating bounce messages.
On 2008-09-12, Matt Nordhoff <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I think you misunderstand. He's referring to the Sender > header, not the From header. The messages the listbot sends > out have a Sender header of > "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" (supposing > the subscriber's email address is [EMAIL PROTECTED]). Bounces > should be directed to the bitbucket or list admin or whatever, > not the user in the From header. kring.com just has a broken > mail server. So the statement below by Dennis Lee Bieber in message [EMAIL PROTECTED] isn't actually correct? >>Three: The bounce/ooo-reply is sent to the message author, not >>to any intermediate host(s). After all, on that end, it's >>normal email failure response -- notify the author of the >>message. It doesn't matter that the original message was posted >>on a Usenet newsgroup if that group is automatically relayed to >>members of a mailing list. -- Grant -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: conditional install/distribution
On Sep 11, 11:07 am, "Diez B. Roggisch" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > i3dmasterschrieb: > > > Is there a feature in distutils or easy_install to specify what > > version of python that the target package can be installed? For > > example, if a package has a module that only needed if the python > > version < 2.6, is there a way to specifiy that in setup.py or > > easy_install cfg file so that when installing to python >= 2.6, this > > module wouldn't be installed?? > > you can simply import sys and check sys.version in the setup-script, and > abort with an error-message if the expectations aren't matched. > > Diez I know I can precheck the version, but the real issue is how I can prevent from installing a specific module? Actually, the rest of the package should still be installed but just not a particular module because the feature is built in after 2.6. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: GUI programming with python
On Sep 12, 8:33 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Al Dykes) wrote: > OK, what are my choices for an IDE/GUI development tool that runs on XP? That depends on the GUI toolkit you are using. My suggestion: CPython with wxPython: wxFormBuilder Cpython with PyQt: BlackAdder CPython with PyGTK: GLADE 3 Jython: whatever there is for Swing or SWT. IronPython: MS VisualStudio Cpython + PyWin32: GUI with VB/Delphi/C#. Python ActiveX server (can use MFC). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: setattr in class
On Sep 12, 11:08 am, Bojan Mihelac <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi all - when trying to set some dynamic attributes in class, for
> example:
>
> class A:
> for lang in ['1', '2']:
> exec('title_%s = lang' % lang) #this work but is ugly
> # setattr(A, "title_%s" % lang, lang) # this wont work
>
> setattr(A, "title_1", "x") # this work when outside class
>
> print A.title_1
> print A.title_2
>
> I guess A class not yet exists in line 4. Is it possible to achive
> adding dynamic attributes without using exec?
>
> thanks,
> Bojan
Is it really worth it? If the names of the attributes are only known
at runtime, why not just use a dict - that's what they are for. If you
want a dict plus some special behaviour, just write a class that
inherits from dict, or use UserDict.DictMixin.
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Re: Python a good choice for experimenting with Win32 API?
> (1) Would CPython be a good choice for this? How about iron python? How > about Jython (probably not). You can use CPython without any problems. Alternatives are pywin32, ctypes, cython, pyrex, Python C API. You can use .NET platform invoke from IronPython. You can use JNI from Jython, or any Win32 API wrapper that may exist for Java. > (2) What about callbacks? Which pythons can handle callbacks? Yes you can use Python functions or bound methods as callbacks. > (3) How easy it it define the C structs, enums and integer constants > necessary to call the windows API functions? It is easy if you can read C header files. > (4) Here is the code I'm struggling with presently (it is just not > cooperating: no errors just wrong results! Here is what it will look like with the pywin32 package: import win32api import win32con def compute(sLangId_, uCode_, uMapType_): hkl = win32api.LoadKeyboardLayout(sLangId_, win32con.KLF_ACTIVATE |win32con.KLF_SUBSTITUTE_OK|win32con.KLF_REPLACELANG) uResult_ = win32api.MapVirtualKeyEx(uCode_, uMapType_, hkl) return uResult_ With ctypes there is a little more work to do: import ctypes MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC = 0 MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK = 1 MAPVK_VK_TO_CHAR = 2 MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK_EX = 3 MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX = 4 KLF_ACTIVATE = 1, KLF_SUBSTITUTE_OK = 2 KLF_REORDER = 8 KLF_REPLACELANG = 0x10 KLF_NOTELLSHELL = 0x80 KLF_SETFORPROCESS = 0x00100 KLF_SHIFTLOCK = 0x1 KLF_RESET = 0x4000 LoadKeyboardLayout = ctypes.windll.user32.LoadKeyboardLayout LoadKeyboardLayout.argtypes = (ctypes.c_wchar_p, ctypes.c_uint) LoadKeyboardLayout.restype = ctypes.c_void_p UnloadKeyboardLayout = ctypes.windll.user32.UnloadKeyboardLayout UnloadKeyboardLayout.argtypes = (ctypes.c_void_p,) UnloadKeyboardLayout.restype = ctypes.c_int MapVirtualKeyEx = ctypes.windll.user32.UnloadKeyboardLayout MapVirtualKeyEx.argtypes = (ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_void_p) MapVirtualKeyEx.restype = ctypes.c_uint def compute(sLangId_, uCode_, uMapType_): hkl = LoadKeyboardLayout(sLangId_, KLF_ACTIVATE|KLF_SUBSTITUTE_OK| KLF_REPLACELANG) uResult_ = MapVirtualKeyEx(uCode_, uMapType_, hkl) return uResult_ This is similar to your code, so it will have the same bugs. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Gateway to python-list is generating bounce messages.
Steven D'Aprano wrote: > On Thu, 11 Sep 2008 17:27:33 +0200, Sjoerd Mullender wrote: > >> When mail messages bounce, the MTA (Message Transfer Agent--the program >> that handles mail) *should* send the bounce message to whatever is in >> the Sender header, and only if that header does not exist, should it use >> the From header. > > Who makes up these rules, and why should we pay the least bit of > attention to them? > > It's one thing to say "right or wrong, that's what list admins do and you > have to deal with their behaviour whatever way you can". It's another > thing altogether to take the legalistic attitude of "never mind the > consequences, the standard is the standard and must be unthinkingly > obeyed". If the standard does more harm than good, then ignoring the > standard is the right thing to do. (Better would be to change the > standard, but that probably won't happen until there's a critical mass of > people who ignore the existing broken standard and form their own de > facto standard.) > > A standard isn't "correct" just because it's a standard, it's merely > something that a committee has agreed to do. In other words, it's a > compromise. Now, such compromises might be good and useful, or they might > combine the worst of all opinions. Just because something is standardized > doesn't make it the right thing to do. If you want proof of this, I give > you the recently approved ISO standard for Microsoft's so-called "Office > Open XML" OOXML file format. > > The standard behaviour of sending bounce and out-of-office messages to > the sender works well when sending email to individuals, but for mailing > lists it is pointless and counter-productive. Pointless, because the > sender can't do anything to fix the problem he's being notified about. > And counter-productive, because it is an anti-feature, something that > makes the mailing list more unpleasant and less useful. Anyone who has > regularly emailed to a large mailing list has surely experienced the > frustration of receiving bounce messages from perfect strangers. > > To anyone who wishes to defend the process of sending mailing list > bounces back the sender, ask yourself this: what do YOU do with such > bounces when you receive them? If you ignore them or delete them (whether > manually or via a procmail recipe or some other automatic system) then > what benefit does the standard behaviour offer? I think you misunderstand. He's referring to the Sender header, not the >From header. The messages the listbot sends out have a Sender header of "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" (supposing the subscriber's email address is [EMAIL PROTECTED]). Bounces should be directed to the bitbucket or list admin or whatever, not the user in the >From header. kring.com just has a broken mail server. -- -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Accessing __slots__ from C
On Sep 12, 10:01 am, Hrvoje Niksic <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Chris <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > >> descr = GetAttrString(cls,"varname"); > >> offset = descr->d_member->offset; > >> slotvar = (PyObject*)(((char*)obj)+offset) > > > Unfortunately, I am inexperienced at this kind of thing, so I wasn't > > able to get something working. Maybe someone could tell me what's > > wrong with the code below (it gives the error "'struct _object' has no > > member named 'd_member'")? > > You are getting that error because Carl forgot to cast the descriptor > to the appropriate C type, in this case PyMemberDescrObject. The last > line is also incorrect, I think. Yep, was in too much of a hurry to waste too much time showing how to do something slightly dubious. The offsetof() macro would help for the third line (in fact, it's the recommended standard way since there are some C implmentions, somewhere, that the pointer artithmetic method fails). Carl Banks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python and Open Office
Greg Lindstrom wrote:
Hello,
I would like to create and manipulate Open Office documents using
Python. I have found then UNO Python page and odfpy modules which
seem to be exactly what I need. The odfpy manual is, to me, a
confusing list of objects and methods (it's an impressive list!), but
does not have much in the way of how to use them. For example, I can
open a spreadsheet and create new pages (there's a nice example near
the back of the manual) but I can't figure out how to open an existing
spreadsheet and list the names of the individual sheets ("tabs").
I have written an application that access Microsoft Excel and creates
reports for work, but would like to create an Open Source version
using Open Office and release it to the community (and maybe get a
talk at PyCon :-).
Is there someone here who can help me out, or is there an appropriate
mailing list for me to join?
Thanks
--greg
--
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Here's a snippet of code I use to open a spreadsheet (given as a file
path name), and compute and return the list of sheets it contains. It
connects to an existing OpenOffice if possible, otherwise it starts
OpenOffice and waits for it to accept a connection.
def OpenSS(path):
localContext = uno.getComponentContext()
resolver = localContext.ServiceManager.createInstanceWithContext(
'com.sun.star.bridge.UnoUrlResolver', localContext )
resolveArg='uno:socket,host=localhost,port=2002;urp;StarOffice.ComponentContext'
# Conect to running OO; First, starting OO if necessary;
try:
ctx = resolver.resolve(resolveArg)
except NoConnectException:
os.system("ooffice '-accept=socket,host=localhost,port=2002;urp;'&")
while 1:
print ' waiting for OpenOffice'
time.sleep(1)
try:
ctx = resolver.resolve(resolveArg)
break
except NoConnectException:
pass
smgr = ctx.ServiceManager
desktop = smgr.createInstanceWithContext(
'com.sun.star.frame.Desktop', ctx)
url = 'file://' + path
component = desktop.loadComponentFromURL(url, '_default', 0, ())
sheets = [component.getSheets().getByIndex(i)
for i in range(component.getSheets().getCount())]
return sheets
Hope this helps,
Gary Herro
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Re: Which version
Eric,Fredrik, Many thanks for your prompt advice, it was a 'better safe than sorry' type of question. Don -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: setattr in class
On Sep 12, 4:30 pm, Bojan Mihelac <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Sep 12, 5:21 pm, Christian Heimes <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> > Bojan Mihelac wrote:
> > > I guess A class not yet exists in line 4. Is it possible to achive
> > > adding dynamic attributes without using exec?
>
> > Correct, the class doesn't exist until the end of the class body. You
> > can either do it outside the class definition or you can use a metaclass.
>
> > Christian
>
> thanks, can you give example on using a metaclass?
class MoreMeta(type):
def __init__(self, name, bases, attrs):
more = attrs.get('moreattrs')
if more:
for attr, val in more.iteritems():
setattr(self, attr, val)
class MoreObject(object):
__metaclass__ = MoreMeta
class A(MoreObject):
moreattrs = {}
for i in '12':
moreattrs['title_' + i] = int(i)
>>> A.title_1
1
>>> A.title_2
2
>>>
--
Arnaud
--
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Re: String to hexadecimal conversion
On Sep 8, 5:05 am, Praveena P <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi folks, > > I am new to Python... so am not too sure about how the type conversion > works. > > I have to read a file that contains hexadecimal data and use the data > further to do some arithmetic calculations. > A sample of the input is : 20E032F8400022005E > The problem I am facing is this: > I am using f.read(2) to read a byte at a time, but the data that is > read is a string rather than a number. So it kind of hampers any > arithmetic operations I perform on this data... > > Could you please suggest some method I could use for this? > > Thanks guys! > Praveena check out the "struct" module in the standard python library. It's title says it all "Interpreting strings as packed binary data". I used this extensively to reverse engineer a couple proprietary file structures. You can read large chucks of the file - perhaps a record ? - and then based on the format provided, convert it to a tuple. Good luck. g. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
lxml build error in sun
I am trying to build lxml package in SunOS 5.10. I got the following errors. Does anybody know why? $ python setup.py build Building lxml version 2.1. NOTE: Trying to build without Cython, pre-generated 'src/lxml/ lxml.etree.c' needs to be available. Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.7 Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib running build running build_py running build_ext building 'lxml.etree' extension gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes - fPIC -I/opt/swt/install/libxml2-2.6.27/include/libxml2 -I/opt/swt/ install/Python-2.5/include/python2.5 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/ temp.solaris-2.10-sun4u-2.5/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -w In file included from /usr/include/sys/wait.h:24, from /usr/include/stdlib.h:22, from /opt/swt/install/Python-2.5/include/python2.5/ Python.h:41, from src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:4: /usr/include/sys/siginfo.h:259: error: syntax error before "ctid_t" /usr/include/sys/siginfo.h:292: error: syntax error before '}' token /usr/include/sys/siginfo.h:294: error: syntax error before '}' token /usr/include/sys/siginfo.h:390: error: syntax error before "ctid_t" /usr/include/sys/siginfo.h:398: error: conflicting types for '__fault' /usr/include/sys/siginfo.h:267: error: previous declaration of '__fault' was here -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: manipulating files within 'for'
Matt Nordhoff: > BTW, I could easily be wrong, but I think C behaves the same way as Python. C syntax has many traps that are much better out of modern languages like Python/D/etc. I think C has that feature because it lacks an operator for string concatenation, while both Python and D have one (+ and ~. D uses the ~ to avoid any programmer confusion with the mathematical summing operator), so the situation of Python/D is different. Bye, bearophile -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: manipulating files within 'for'
Matt Nordhoff:
> It's useful when wrapping a line. For lack of better lorem ipsum:
>
> whatever = some_function("Your mistake is caused by Python not "
> "following one of its general rules:\n\n"
> "Explicit is better than implicit.")
>
> You can also use backslashes, and probably even + if you want to, but
> the implicit concatenation is prettier (IMO, at least ;-).
Adding a + at the end of lines isn't much extra work:
whatever = some_function("Your mistake is caused by Python not " +
"following one of its general rules:\n\n" +
"Explicit is better than implicit.")
Or even:
whatever = "Your mistake is caused by Python not " + \
"following one of its general rules:\n\n" + \
"Explicit is better than implicit."
> But you do have a point. I have never thought about the problems it
> could cause.
Probably such problems aren't much common, because common bugs are
already prevented by Python designers :-) But I think once I have
written a bug like this:
parts = ["foo", "bar" "baz", "spam"]
Where I meant a list of 4 strings.
> BTW, I could easily be wrong, but I think C behaves the same way as Python.
I know, but here changing the behavior respect to C doesn't cause bugs
to C programmers, because in that situation their Python program just
doesn't run. So it's not a Python syntax that looks like a C syntax
that behaves in a different way (this rule is used by the D designer
too: when something behaves differently from C (often to avoid a
common C pitfall), it has a different syntax. Where the D syntax is
the same of C syntax, then the D behavior is generally the same. This
avoids several problems to programmers coming from C/C++).
Bye,
bearophile
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Re: GUI programming with python
On Sep 12, 1:33 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Al Dykes) wrote: > In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, > Alan Franzoni <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > >zamil was kind enough to say: > > >[cut] > > >If your needs are very basic, you can stick with the tk module that comes > >with python. It's not really feature-packed, but it's maintained and pretty > >cross-platform. > > OK, what are my choices for an IDE/GUI development tool that runs on XP? > > Thanks > > -- > Al Dykes > News is something someone wants to suppress, everything else is advertising. > - Lord Northcliffe, publisher of the Daily Mail Here's a few: WingWare: http://www.wingware.com/ SPE: http://pythonide.blogspot.com/ Eclipse + Python plugin = EasyEclipse (PyDev): http://easyeclipse.org/site/distributions/python.html Or you could use Google and you would have found this: http://wiki.python.org/moin/IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: book example confusion
On Sep 12, 3:51 pm, John Machin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On Sep 13, 5:36 am, byron <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > > I am reading o'reilly's learning python (great book), but i came > > across an example (pg 291, pdf) that I am not quite understanding the > > reasoning for the author's explanation: > > > if f1() or f2(): > > > The author states that do to the nature of that expression, if f1() > > returns True, f2() will not be evaluated.. which makes sense. His > > quote: > > > "Here, if f1 returns a true (or nonempty) value, Python will > > never run f2." > > > He then states: > > > "To guarantee that both functions will be run, call them > > before the 'or':" > > > tmp1, tmp2 = f1(), f2() > > if tmp1 or tmp2: > > > Being that each function is an object, a name assignment to > > (tmp1,tmp2) doesn't actually evaluate or run the function itself until > > the name is called.. so why would the latter example "run" both > > functions as the author suggests? > > It's not a "name assignment". > In effect it's doing this: > tmp1 = f1() # get the RESULT of calling f1() > tmp2 = f2() # likewise f2 > if tmp1 or tmp2: # if result1 or result2 > A (pointless) "name assignment") with the nil effect that you fear > would look like this: > tmp1, tmp2 = f1, f2 # Look, no parentheses after function names > if tmp1() or tmp2(): > > HTH, > John That makes sense. Thank you for the clarification. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Matching horizontal white space
On Sep 13, 12:52 am, Fredrik Lundh <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> > multipleSpaces = re.compile(u'\\h+')
>
> > importantTextString = '\n \n \n \t\t '
> > importantTextString = multipleSpaces.sub("M", importantTextString)
>
> what's "\\h" supposed to mean?
Match *h*orizontal whitespace, I guess ... looks like the maintainer
of the re equivalent in some other language has far too much spare
time :-)
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Re: GUI programming with python
Al Dykes wrote: In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Alan Franzoni <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: zamil was kind enough to say: [cut] If your needs are very basic, you can stick with the tk module that comes with python. It's not really feature-packed, but it's maintained and pretty cross-platform. OK, what are my choices for an IDE/GUI development tool that runs on XP? Thanks From Linux guys, I hear that PyScripter is the best, they also want to have it, but unfortunately it only runs under windows ;-) cheers, Stef -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: manipulating files within 'for'
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Ben Keshet:
>> ...wrong. I thought I should omit the comma and didn't put it. I guess
>> that stating the obvious should be the first attempt with beginners like
>> me. Thanks for thinking about it (it's running perfect now).
>
> In CLisp, Scheme etc, lists such commas aren't necessary, but in
> Python if you don't separate strings with a comma they become merged
> into a single string:
>
'foo', 'bar'
> ('foo', 'bar')
'foo' 'bar'
> 'foobar'
>
> Your mistake is caused by Python not following one of its general
> rules:
>
> Explicit is better than implicit.
>
> In such case the string concatenation (+) is done implicitly. It's a
> little handy feature once in a while (but not for me so far), while it
> may cause bugs, so I don't like this little feature of Python and I
> may like to see it removed, because it may bite you in similar
> situations, where you forgot a comma for mistake:
>
> parts = ["foo", "bar" "baz"]
>
> Bye,
> bearophile
It's useful when wrapping a line. For lack of better lorem ipsum:
whatever = some_function("Your mistake is caused by Python not "
"following one of its general rules:\n\n"
"Explicit is better than implicit.")
You can also use backslashes, and probably even + if you want to, but
the implicit concatenation is prettier (IMO, at least ;-).
But you do have a point. I have never thought about the problems it
could cause.
BTW, I could easily be wrong, but I think C behaves the same way as Python.
--
--
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Re: book example confusion
On Sep 13, 5:36 am, byron <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I am reading o'reilly's learning python (great book), but i came > across an example (pg 291, pdf) that I am not quite understanding the > reasoning for the author's explanation: > > if f1() or f2(): > > The author states that do to the nature of that expression, if f1() > returns True, f2() will not be evaluated.. which makes sense. His > quote: > > "Here, if f1 returns a true (or nonempty) value, Python will > never run f2." > > He then states: > > "To guarantee that both functions will be run, call them > before the 'or':" > > tmp1, tmp2 = f1(), f2() > if tmp1 or tmp2: > > Being that each function is an object, a name assignment to > (tmp1,tmp2) doesn't actually evaluate or run the function itself until > the name is called.. so why would the latter example "run" both > functions as the author suggests? It's not a "name assignment". In effect it's doing this: tmp1 = f1() # get the RESULT of calling f1() tmp2 = f2() # likewise f2 if tmp1 or tmp2: # if result1 or result2 A (pointless) "name assignment") with the nil effect that you fear would look like this: tmp1, tmp2 = f1, f2 # Look, no parentheses after function names if tmp1() or tmp2(): HTH, John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: book example confusion
Note the parentheses after f1 and f2 in the second example. That's what calls the functions and causes them to be evaluated and run. - Chris Sent from my iPod On Sep 12, 2008, at 12:36 PM, byron <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: I am reading o'reilly's learning python (great book), but i came across an example (pg 291, pdf) that I am not quite understanding the reasoning for the author's explanation: if f1() or f2(): The author states that do to the nature of that expression, if f1() returns True, f2() will not be evaluated.. which makes sense. His quote: "Here, if f1 returns a true (or nonempty) value, Python will never run f2." He then states: "To guarantee that both functions will be run, call them before the 'or':" tmp1, tmp2 = f1(), f2() if tmp1 or tmp2: Being that each function is an object, a name assignment to (tmp1,tmp2) doesn't actually evaluate or run the function itself until the name is called.. so why would the latter example "run" both functions as the author suggests? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: book example confusion
byron a écrit : I am reading o'reilly's learning python (great book), but i came across an example (pg 291, pdf) that I am not quite understanding the reasoning for the author's explanation: if f1() or f2(): The author states that do to the nature of that expression, if f1() returns True, f2() will not be evaluated.. which makes sense. His quote: "Here, if f1 returns a true (or nonempty) value, Python will never run f2." He then states: "To guarantee that both functions will be run, call them before the 'or':" tmp1, tmp2 = f1(), f2() if tmp1 or tmp2: Being that each function is an object, a name assignment to (tmp1,tmp2) doesn't actually evaluate or run the function itself until the name is called.. It (well... they) is (are) actually called. The parens are the call operator. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
book example confusion
I am reading o'reilly's learning python (great book), but i came across an example (pg 291, pdf) that I am not quite understanding the reasoning for the author's explanation: if f1() or f2(): The author states that do to the nature of that expression, if f1() returns True, f2() will not be evaluated.. which makes sense. His quote: "Here, if f1 returns a true (or nonempty) value, Python will never run f2." He then states: "To guarantee that both functions will be run, call them before the 'or':" tmp1, tmp2 = f1(), f2() if tmp1 or tmp2: Being that each function is an object, a name assignment to (tmp1,tmp2) doesn't actually evaluate or run the function itself until the name is called.. so why would the latter example "run" both functions as the author suggests? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python on Windows XP 64-bit: python not found in registry
> Anybody here that had the same problem and solved it? Did you install the 32-bit or the 64-bit installer? If the 64-bit installer, did you also install 32-bit or 64-bit installers for iPython, PIL, and easy_install? If you try to use 32-bit extensions or installers to locate a 64-bit Python, that will fail: even if installation would succeed, you still couldn't use the resulting installations, since you just can't mix the two architectures in a single process. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: manipulating files within 'for'
Ben Keshet:
> ...wrong. I thought I should omit the comma and didn't put it. I guess
> that stating the obvious should be the first attempt with beginners like
> me. Thanks for thinking about it (it's running perfect now).
In CLisp, Scheme etc, lists such commas aren't necessary, but in
Python if you don't separate strings with a comma they become merged
into a single string:
>>> 'foo', 'bar'
('foo', 'bar')
>>> 'foo' 'bar'
'foobar'
Your mistake is caused by Python not following one of its general
rules:
Explicit is better than implicit.
In such case the string concatenation (+) is done implicitly. It's a
little handy feature once in a while (but not for me so far), while it
may cause bugs, so I don't like this little feature of Python and I
may like to see it removed, because it may bite you in similar
situations, where you forgot a comma for mistake:
parts = ["foo", "bar" "baz"]
Bye,
bearophile
--
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Need help with the 'transport' for setting the header while calling a function at server side
I am getting an Internal Server Error 500 when i run my client code. I am
trying to call a function at the server side which for now only returns a
string. Meanwhile this calling i also set the header of HTTP request.
Following are my client and server code. Am i doing something wrong?
#---Server code-
import SimpleXMLRPCServer
class AuthenticationFunctions:
def system_auth(self):
# No need to print here if you are going to print it at the client
side. Return it instead.
return "something..."
server = SimpleXMLRPCServer.SimpleXMLRPCServer(("localhost", 8000))
server.register_instance(AuthenticationFunctions())
server.serve_forever()
#---Client code-
import sha,random, os, time, sha, quopri, xmlrpclib
class SecureTransport(xmlrpclib.Transport):
def set_authorization(self, ustring, text_ucert):
self.authorization = quopri.encodestring("%s:%s" %
(ustring,text_ucert))
def send_request(self, connection, handler, request_body):
connection.putrequest("POST", handler)
connection.putheader("Authorization","Basic %s" %
self.authorization)
def caller():
#Opening file named newcert.pem in which certificate generated via
openssl command is placed
infile = open('newcert.pem', "r+")
if infile:
text_ucert = infile.read()
infile.close()
#Generating a random string
random.seed();
ustring_raw="%s_%f_%f"%(os.getpid(),time.time(),random.random())
#For calculating the hash of some arbitrary message
hashValue = sha.new()
hashValue.update("(.2).ch^kjdw*()[EMAIL PROTECTED]
@!jssljdu2837.kd'[EMAIL PROTECTED]&")
#Updating the hash with the previously generated random string
hashValue.update(ustring_raw)
ustring = quopri.encodestring(hashValue.digest())
#Instantiating the transport
t = SecureTransport()
t.set_authorization(ustring, text_ucert)
server = xmlrpclib.Server('http://localhost:8000',transport=t)
#Calling some arbitrary function at server side
print server.system_auth()
caller()
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Re: Getting Linux partition info programmatically
python dev wrote:
Hello everyone,
I am trying to get a list of all the partitions (along with their respective
file system types) listed in the /media directory. Does anybody know if
there is a way to do this using Python, or do I have to get this information
by parsing the output of a Linux command?
The /sys and /proc file system provide all the information you need:
for line in open("/proc/mounts"):
...
Christian
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Re: GUI programming with python
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Alan Franzoni <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >zamil was kind enough to say: > >[cut] > >If your needs are very basic, you can stick with the tk module that comes >with python. It's not really feature-packed, but it's maintained and pretty >cross-platform. OK, what are my choices for an IDE/GUI development tool that runs on XP? Thanks -- Al Dykes News is something someone wants to suppress, everything else is advertising. - Lord Northcliffe, publisher of the Daily Mail -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Getting Linux partition info programmatically
Hello everyone, I am trying to get a list of all the partitions (along with their respective file system types) listed in the /media directory. Does anybody know if there is a way to do this using Python, or do I have to get this information by parsing the output of a Linux command? Thanks in advance. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: manipulating files within 'for'
Emile van Sebille wrote: Ben Keshet wrote: Hi Pythoneers, I have a question about a code I wrote with the help of someone. The code below copy a few lines from different files into one file. It works fine as it is given here and generates the new file 'pockets.out' correctly, but says:"py returned exit code 0". However, if I add more values to 'receptor' (say, receptor = ['1AZM' '1ADS']) At risk of stating the obvious, you _did_ put this in properly as receptors = ['1AZM', '1ADS'] ...right? Emile ...wrong. I thought I should omit the comma and didn't put it. I guess that stating the obvious should be the first attempt with beginners like me. Thanks for thinking about it (it's running perfect now). BK it gives an error: "Exception raised while running script". Can anyone please advice me? Why is it giving an error on multiple x but runs well with one (I made sure that all files and folders exist, etc.). What does exit code 0 mean? No error what does "exception raised" mean? Error -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: manipulating files within 'for'
On Sep 12, 6:11 pm, Ben Keshet <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi Pythoneers, > > I have a question about a code I wrote with the help of someone. The > code below copy a few lines from different files into one file. It works > fine as it is given here and generates the new file 'pockets.out' > correctly, but says:"py returned exit code 0". However, if I add > more values to 'receptor' (say, receptor = ['1AZM' '1ADS']) it gives an > error: "Exception raised while running script". You should post the full error if you want some help which is more than speculation > > Can anyone please advice me? Why is it giving an error on multiple x but > runs well with one (I made sure that all files and folders exist, etc.). > What does exit code 0 mean? what does "exception raised" mean? I guess you are on Windows, but how do you run your script? Do you do it from the command line or do you use some IDE? -- Arnaud -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: manipulating files within 'for'
Ben Keshet wrote: Hi Pythoneers, I have a question about a code I wrote with the help of someone. The code below copy a few lines from different files into one file. It works fine as it is given here and generates the new file 'pockets.out' correctly, but says:"py returned exit code 0". However, if I add more values to 'receptor' (say, receptor = ['1AZM' '1ADS']) At risk of stating the obvious, you _did_ put this in properly as receptors = ['1AZM', '1ADS'] ...right? Emile it gives an error: "Exception raised while running script". Can anyone please advice me? Why is it giving an error on multiple x but runs well with one (I made sure that all files and folders exist, etc.). What does exit code 0 mean? No error what does "exception raised" mean? Error -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Which version
Eric Wertman wrote: The subprocess module is one though footnote: subprocess works on older versions too, and can be trivially installed along with your application under Python 2.2 and 2.3. binary builds for Windows are available here: http://effbot.org/downloads/#subprocess -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Which version
Don wrote: I'm a reasonably experienced in other languages and have just decided to get my feet wet with Python. But I'm using FC6 which has v2.4.4 installed, is this good enough to start out with or am I likely to encounter bugs that have been fixed in later versions. Python 2.4 is definitely good enough to start with. The bugs you'll find in released versions are usually pretty obscure; I've been using Python since release 1.1 or so, and I cannot remember ever having to upgrade due to a critical bug in the version I was using. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Which version
> I'm a reasonably experienced in other languages and have just decided to > get my feet wet with Python. But I'm using FC6 which has v2.4.4 installed, > is this good enough to start out with or am I likely to encounter bugs that > have been fixed in later versions. I'm sure there will be other opinions. I try to use the stock distro version whenever possible, just because it makes administration easier and you have some reasonable guess as to where your code will work if you move it. I use 2.4 regularly, and haven't come across many things that the 2.5 series would make behave differently. The subprocess module is one though, and I recall a few datetime routines that were 2.5 only that I wished I could use. If you aren't married to you linux distro, you might switch to ubuntu... I believe they package the 2.5 series. IMO it's not wrong to compile a new one alongside the stock installation, but you could run into potentially confusing issues later about which one exactly you are using, installing modules for, etc. Easy to avoid if you know what you are doing, but a potential pitfall for a beginner. Eric -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Which version
Hi, I'm a reasonably experienced in other languages and have just decided to get my feet wet with Python. But I'm using FC6 which has v2.4.4 installed, is this good enough to start out with or am I likely to encounter bugs that have been fixed in later versions. Don -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lacking follow-through
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Fredrik Lundh <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >Steve Holden wrote: >> >> The defence rests. > >can you please stop quoting that guy, so we don't have to killfile you >as well... +1 -- Aahz ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) <*> http://www.pythoncraft.com/ "Argue for your limitations, and sure enough they're yours." --Richard Bach -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
manipulating files within 'for'
Hi Pythoneers,
I have a question about a code I wrote with the help of someone. The
code below copy a few lines from different files into one file. It works
fine as it is given here and generates the new file 'pockets.out'
correctly, but says:"py returned exit code 0". However, if I add
more values to 'receptor' (say, receptor = ['1AZM' '1ADS']) it gives an
error: "Exception raised while running script".
Can anyone please advice me? Why is it giving an error on multiple x but
runs well with one (I made sure that all files and folders exist, etc.).
What does exit code 0 mean? what does "exception raised" mean?
Thanks a lot,
BK
CODE:
|receptors = ['1AZM']
for x in receptors:
print x
# open out_file for appending for each 'x' in receptors, close at
same level
out_file =
open('c:/Linux/Dock_method_validation/%s/validation/pockets.out' %(x),'a')
for i in range(10):
for r in (7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17):
f = open('%s/validation/ligand_ran_line_%s_%s.mol2'
%(x,i,r), 'r')
out_file.write('%s ' %i)
out_file.write('%s ' %r)
# assume 'PRIMARY' should be found first
# set flag for string 'PRIMARY'
primary = False
# iterate on file object, empty files will be skipped
for line in f:
if 'PRIMARY' in line:
primary = True
out_file.write(line.strip()) # write line to out_file
out_file.write(' ') # add a space
# write all line after 'PRIMARY' was found until
'TRIPOS' is found
elif 'TRIPOS' not in line and primary:
out_file.write(line.strip())
out_file.write(' ')# add a space
elif 'TRIPOS' in line and primary:
break# stop when
'TRIPOS' is found
print
out_file.write('\n') # move to a new line
f.close() # close file. for loop moves to next 'r'
value, and then to next 'i'
out_file.close()# close out_file|
--
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Re: dict slice in python (translating perl to python)
Steven D'Aprano <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On Thu, 11 Sep 2008 03:36:35 -0500, Nick Craig-Wood wrote: > > > As an ex-perl programmer and having used python for some years now, I'd > > type the explicit > > > > v1,v2,v3 = mydict['one'], mydict['two'], mydict['two'] # 54 chars > > > > Or maybe even > > > > v1 = mydict['one'] # 54 chars > > v2 = mydict['two'] > > v3 = mydict['two'] > > > > Either is only a couple more characters to type. > > But that's an accident of the name you have used. Consider: > > v1,v2,v3 = section_heading_to_table_index['one'], \ > section_heading_to_table_index['two'], \ > section_heading_to_table_index['two'] # 133 characters > > versus: > > v1,v2,v3 = [section_heading_to_table_index[k] for k in > ['one','two','two']] # 75 characters > > It also fails the "Don't Repeat Yourself" principle, and it completely > fails to scale beyond a handful of keys. If you have more than a handful of keys then you have a different problem (far too many local variables) with your code I think! DRY is a good principle. I still prefer the 3 explicit assignments though ;-) > Out of interest, on my PC at least the list comp version is significantly > slower than the explicit assignments. So it is a micro-optimization that > may be worth considering if needed -- but at the cost of harder to > maintain code. > > > It is completely > > explicit and comprehensible to everyone, in comparison to > > > > v1,v2,v3 = [ mydict[k] for k in ['one','two','two']] # 52 chars > > v1,v2,v3 = [ mydict[k] for k in 'one two two'.split()] # 54 chars > > That's a matter for argument. I find the list comprehension perfectly > readable and comprehensible, and in fact I had to read your explicit > assignments twice to be sure I hadn't missed something. But I accept that > if you aren't used to list comps, they might look a little odd. A matter of taste certainly! -- Nick Craig-Wood <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lacking follow-through
Steve Holden wrote: The defence rests. can you please stop quoting that guy, so we don't have to killfile you as well... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie Question:Please help
Karthik Krishnan wrote: > Hi, > > I am a newbie to python and I hope this is not a stupid question. I am > trying to run a main method from a Python command line using the command > shell using the command. > > python main_test.py > > I get the following error. > > > File "", line 1 > python main_test.py > > Syntax Error: invalid syntax > > My main file main_test.py is given below. > > #!/usr/bin/env python > > """ Test method to run the main method. > > """ > > def main(): > print "Main method called."; > > > if __name__ = "__main__": > main() > Apart from the syntax error Rob pointed out (use of "=" instead of "==" as a comparison operator) the output you show makes it seem possible you are entering the command "python main_test.py" at the Python interpreter interactive prompt ">>>". That won't work, as you are supposed to enter Python statements and expressions there. "python" is an operating system command, so you want to enter "python main_test.py" in a command window (terminal window, shell window, call it what you will). I'm guessing (possibly incorrectly) that you are a Windows user, and got your interactive Python window by choosing "Python (command line)" from the Start | Programs menu. See the FAQ for further information, possibly http://www.python.org/doc/faq/windows/ regards Steve -- Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lacking follow-through
Aaron "Castironpi" Brady wrote: > On Sep 12, 7:23 am, Steve Holden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> castironpi wrote: >> >> If you are flattered to be compared to an AI you must come from the same >> race as Mr. Spock in Star Trek. > > No, I said 'for my logic to compared'. Speaking of which, I think you > excluded the possibility of diligent and ethical human, which meets > the criteria (of being flattered to be compared to an AI)... unless > Vulcan is just a synonym for it. If you want a discussion of why a > diligent and ethical human takes pride in / devotes effort to logic, > that's another topic that I'm happy to engage on. > >> You aren't entitled to require discussion of your ideas and proposals. > > No, but you are entitled to human interaction. If your case is that I > should seek mine face-to-face instead of keyboard-to-screen, you > probably have a point. > > ... > >> [...] >> >>> For example, I sometimes hear people talk about salary as though it >>> were social approval, and vice versa. Even though the analogy doesn't >>> hold in every case generally, it is still a good way to express >>> yourself in many contexts, and especially when the more precise word >>> isn't on the tip of your tongue. >> Perhaps under those circumstances the better choice is to hold off >> posting and do some research until you come up with the proper word. > > Yes I know. Good thing everyone at Mozilla agrees with you, and > Thesaurus.Com is included in Firefox's quicksearch engines. > >> Precision in the expression of ideas encourages debate, whereas sloppy >> "just write what you feel" is likely to result in hostile responses, as >> it causes the perception that you value your own time more than that of >> the people you attempt to engage. > > But the value of expression and self-expression can outweigh the value > of debate, even in so stuffy a setting as a Usenet group. Make time > for both or stifle your emotions. Do you hold I should be speaking > from the heart more or less? > > Regardless, you've contradicted yourself: > > 1) "just write what you feel" is likely to result in hostile responses > 2) If you are flattered to be compared to an AI you must [not be > human] > > Assume you, Steve, do as you say (practice what you preach). You do > not write either "just what you feel", nor anything that can be > compared to an A.I. Define the goal of A.I. to be logic and reasoned > "post-impulsive" deliberation (my title to define as I voiced the > flattery). Then conclude you don't post to the newsgroup. Observe > you do, and reach an absurdity. What premise do you retract? > > Knowing nothing of your background in philosophy or otherwise, it may > be a little unfair to put words in your mouth like that. It's a deep > problem (that yes, does have implications on the "diligent and > ethical" issue above) of human nature and the human condition: If > you're not rational, then you're a man. > > Besides, it is better to complain to the group that it is dropping my > posts than to anyone else. > The defence rests. regards Steve -- Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python a good choice for experimenting with Win32 API?
On Sep 12, 10:36 am, "Siegfried Heintze" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:
> I need to understand some User32.dll functions and I'm making an elaborate
> GUI so I can easily experiment with different parameters. This is taking a
> long time. I'm new to python and I'm thinking it would sure be nice to have
> an interpreter I can type a few lines of code into and test things.
>
> (1) Would CPython be a good choice for this? How about iron python? How
> about Jython (probably not).
> (2) What about callbacks? Which pythons can handle callbacks? I read on msdn
> that you cannot use managed code to call SetWindowsHook and supply a call
> back (with two exceptions). I guess that means I cannot use iron python.
> What about C-Python for playing with hooks?
> (3) How easy it it define the C structs, enums and integer constants
> necessary to call the windows API functions?
> (4) Here is the code I'm struggling with presently (it is just not
> cooperating: no errors just wrong results! I expect to be able give it a
> scan code, get a virtual key code, change the arguments, give it the virtual
> key code and get the original scan code back again).
>
> public const UInt32 MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC = 0, MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK = 1,
> MAPVK_VK_TO_CHAR = 2, MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK_EX = 3, MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX = 4;
> public const UInt32 KLF_ACTIVATE = 1, KLF_SUBSTITUTE_OK = 2,
> KLF_REORDER = 8, KLF_REPLACELANG = 0x10, KLF_NOTELLSHELL = 0x80,
> KLF_SETFORPROCESS = 0x00100, KLF_SHIFTLOCK = 0x1, KLF_RESET =
> 0x4000;
> [DllImport("user32.dll")] static extern IntPtr
> LoadKeyboardLayout(string pwszKLID, uint Flags);
> [DllImport("user32.dll")] static extern bool
> UnloadKeyboardLayout(IntPtr hkl);
> [DllImport("user32.dll")] static extern uint MapVirtualKeyEx(uint
> uCode, uint uMapType, IntPtr dwhkl);
> private void Compute()
> {
> IntPtr hkl = LoadKeyboardLayout(sLangId_, KLF_ACTIVATE |
> KLF_SUBSTITUTE_OK | KLF_REPLACELANG);
> uResult_ = MapVirtualKeyEx(uCode_, uMapType_, hkl);
> UpdateOutput();
> }
> Would it be easy to execute this in the CPython interpreter or am I better
> off sticking with C#?
>
> Thanks!
> Siegfried
I use the Python interpreter all the time for heavy experimentation.
While I use PyWin32, I haven't done what you are attempting. I would
recommend re-posting to the PyWin32 group as the PyWin32 creators use
that list much more:
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-win32
And there's lots of other knowledgeable users there too. Good luck!
Mike
--
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Re: Checking the boolean value of a collection
Marco Bizzarri: > >>> any([x for x in [1, 2, 3]]) > > I mean, I'm afraid I can't use an expression like that without > building a list... not at least in python2.3 Note that you don't need a list comp there: >>> any([x for x in [1, 2, 3]]) True >>> any([1, 2, 3]) True so this may suffice: any(self.findActiveOutgoingRegistrationInstancesPlusSomeOtherThings()) Bye, bearophile -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Checking the boolean value of a collection
Marco Bizzarri a écrit : (snip) I'm afraid this have another problem for me... [EMAIL PROTECTED]:/var/local/zope28/porting/Products/PAFlow$ python2.3 Python 2.3.5 (#2, Oct 18 2006, 23:04:45) [GCC 4.1.2 20061015 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-16.1)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. def any(iterable): pass ... any(x for x in [1, 2, 3]) File "", line 1 any(x for x in [1, 2, 3]) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax any([x for x in [1, 2, 3]]) I mean, I'm afraid I can't use an expression like that without building a list... not at least in python2.3 Err... a list being an iterable, you just need any([1, 2, 3]). But this wont be enough to solve your real use case, indeed. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Checking the boolean value of a collection
D'Arcy J.M. Cain wrote: Is there ever any advantage to having something as a builtin rather than as a regular user method? What difference does it make to the running script? I can see that adding "bar" from module "foo" to "__builtins__" means that you can use "bar()" instead of "foo.bar()". Is that the only benefit? basically, yes. in this case, it does make some sense to patch any/all into __builtin__, since they are builtins in a later version. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: setattr in class
On Sep 12, 5:35 pm, Wojtek Walczak <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Fri, 12 Sep 2008 08:08:18 -0700 (PDT), Bojan Mihelac wrote:
> > Hi all - when trying to set some dynamic attributes in class, for
> > example:
>
> > class A:
> > for lang in ['1', '2']:
> > exec('title_%s = lang' % lang) #this work but is ugly
> > # setattr(A, "title_%s" % lang, lang) # this wont work
> > I guess A class not yet exists in line 4. Is it possible to achive
> > adding dynamic attributes without using exec?
>
> Yes, it is:
>
> -
> class A:
> for i in (1, 2):
> locals()['xxx%d' % (i)] = i
>
> print A.xxx1
> print A.xxx2
> a = A()
> print a.xxx1
> print a.xxx2
> -
>
> And the output is:
>
> -
> 1
> 2
> 1
> 2
> -
>
> But I definitely don't consider this one as a good programming
> practice.
>
> --
> Regards,
> Wojtek Walczak,http://tosh.pl/gminick/
thnx Wojtek, this works!
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python a good choice for experimenting with Win32 API?
I need to understand some User32.dll functions and I'm making an elaborate
GUI so I can easily experiment with different parameters. This is taking a
long time. I'm new to python and I'm thinking it would sure be nice to have
an interpreter I can type a few lines of code into and test things.
(1) Would CPython be a good choice for this? How about iron python? How
about Jython (probably not).
(2) What about callbacks? Which pythons can handle callbacks? I read on msdn
that you cannot use managed code to call SetWindowsHook and supply a call
back (with two exceptions). I guess that means I cannot use iron python.
What about C-Python for playing with hooks?
(3) How easy it it define the C structs, enums and integer constants
necessary to call the windows API functions?
(4) Here is the code I'm struggling with presently (it is just not
cooperating: no errors just wrong results! I expect to be able give it a
scan code, get a virtual key code, change the arguments, give it the virtual
key code and get the original scan code back again).
public const UInt32 MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC = 0, MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK = 1,
MAPVK_VK_TO_CHAR = 2, MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK_EX = 3, MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX = 4;
public const UInt32 KLF_ACTIVATE = 1, KLF_SUBSTITUTE_OK = 2,
KLF_REORDER = 8, KLF_REPLACELANG = 0x10, KLF_NOTELLSHELL = 0x80,
KLF_SETFORPROCESS = 0x00100, KLF_SHIFTLOCK = 0x1, KLF_RESET =
0x4000;
[DllImport("user32.dll")] static extern IntPtr
LoadKeyboardLayout(string pwszKLID, uint Flags);
[DllImport("user32.dll")] static extern bool
UnloadKeyboardLayout(IntPtr hkl);
[DllImport("user32.dll")] static extern uint MapVirtualKeyEx(uint
uCode, uint uMapType, IntPtr dwhkl);
private void Compute()
{
IntPtr hkl = LoadKeyboardLayout(sLangId_, KLF_ACTIVATE |
KLF_SUBSTITUTE_OK | KLF_REPLACELANG);
uResult_ = MapVirtualKeyEx(uCode_, uMapType_, hkl);
UpdateOutput();
}
Would it be easy to execute this in the CPython interpreter or am I better
off sticking with C#?
Thanks!
Siegfried
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: setattr in class
On Fri, 12 Sep 2008 08:08:18 -0700 (PDT), Bojan Mihelac wrote:
> Hi all - when trying to set some dynamic attributes in class, for
> example:
>
> class A:
> for lang in ['1', '2']:
> exec('title_%s = lang' % lang) #this work but is ugly
> # setattr(A, "title_%s" % lang, lang) # this wont work
> I guess A class not yet exists in line 4. Is it possible to achive
> adding dynamic attributes without using exec?
Yes, it is:
-
class A:
for i in (1, 2):
locals()['xxx%d' % (i)] = i
print A.xxx1
print A.xxx2
a = A()
print a.xxx1
print a.xxx2
-
And the output is:
-
1
2
1
2
-
But I definitely don't consider this one as a good programming
practice.
--
Regards,
Wojtek Walczak,
http://tosh.pl/gminick/
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: setattr in class
On Sep 12, 5:21 pm, Christian Heimes <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Bojan Mihelac wrote: > > I guess A class not yet exists in line 4. Is it possible to achive > > adding dynamic attributes without using exec? > > Correct, the class doesn't exist until the end of the class body. You > can either do it outside the class definition or you can use a metaclass. > > Christian thanks, can you give example on using a metaclass? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: setattr in class
Bojan Mihelac wrote: I guess A class not yet exists in line 4. Is it possible to achive adding dynamic attributes without using exec? Correct, the class doesn't exist until the end of the class body. You can either do it outside the class definition or you can use a metaclass. Christian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Checking the boolean value of a collection
On Fri, 12 Sep 2008 17:11:47 +0200 Fredrik Lundh <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > The "__builtins__" object is an implementation detail, and shouldn't be > accessed directly. And I hope I don't need to point out that adding > custom builtins nillywilly is a bad idea... Is there ever any advantage to having something as a builtin rather than as a regular user method? What difference does it make to the running script? I can see that adding "bar" from module "foo" to "__builtins__" means that you can use "bar()" instead of "foo.bar()". Is that the only benefit? -- D'Arcy J.M. Cain <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> | Democracy is three wolves http://www.druid.net/darcy/| and a sheep voting on +1 416 425 1212 (DoD#0082)(eNTP) | what's for dinner. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: setattr in class
Bojan Mihelac wrote:
Hi all - when trying to set some dynamic attributes in class, for
example:
class A:
for lang in ['1', '2']:
exec('title_%s = lang' % lang) #this work but is ugly
# setattr(A, "title_%s" % lang, lang) # this wont work
setattr(A, "title_1", "x") # this work when outside class
print A.title_1
print A.title_2
I guess A class not yet exists in line 4. Is it possible to achive
adding dynamic attributes without using exec?
Move the for-in loop out of the class definition:
>>> class A:
... pass
...
>>> for lang in ['1', '2']:
... setattr(A, "title_%s" % lang, lang)
>>> a = A()
>>> a.title_1
'1'
A truly dynamic solution (using __getattr__ and modification on access)
would probably give you a more "pythonic" solution.
--
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Re: Checking the boolean value of a collection
Marco Bizzarri wrote: I would like to make this available to the whole project. I suspect I could put it in the package __init__.py... in that way, the __builtins__ namespace should have it... am I right? the __init__ module for package "foo" defines the contents of the "foo" module; it doesn't add anything to the builtin namespace. Diez made a typo in his post, btw. To add your own builtins, you should add them to the "__builtin__" module (no plural s): import __builtin__ try: any except NameError: def any(iterable): for element in iterable: if element: return True return False __builtin__.any = any try: all except NameError: def all(iterable): for element in iterable: if not element: return False return True __builtin__.all = all The "__builtins__" object is an implementation detail, and shouldn't be accessed directly. And I hope I don't need to point out that adding custom builtins nillywilly is a bad idea... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
setattr in class
Hi all - when trying to set some dynamic attributes in class, for
example:
class A:
for lang in ['1', '2']:
exec('title_%s = lang' % lang) #this work but is ugly
# setattr(A, "title_%s" % lang, lang) # this wont work
setattr(A, "title_1", "x") # this work when outside class
print A.title_1
print A.title_2
I guess A class not yet exists in line 4. Is it possible to achive
adding dynamic attributes without using exec?
thanks,
Bojan
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Re: Checking the boolean value of a collection
On Fri, Sep 12, 2008 at 4:44 PM, Diez B. Roggisch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >>> if any(instance.forbitToClose(archivefolder) for instance in >>> self.findActiveOutgoingRegistrationInstances()) >> >> Can you clarify where I can find "any"? It seems to me I'm unable to find >> it... > > It's part of python2.5. > > If you don't have that, you can write it your own and stuff it into > __builtins__: > def any(iterable): > ... for item in iterable: > ... if item: > ... return True > ... return False > ... > ... __builtins__.any = any > > > You might also want to add all, the companion of any: > > def all(iterable): > ... for item in iterable: > ... if not item: > ... return False > ... return True > ... > > Diez > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > I'm afraid this have another problem for me... [EMAIL PROTECTED]:/var/local/zope28/porting/Products/PAFlow$ python2.3 Python 2.3.5 (#2, Oct 18 2006, 23:04:45) [GCC 4.1.2 20061015 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-16.1)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> def any(iterable): pass ... >>> any(x for x in [1, 2, 3]) File "", line 1 any(x for x in [1, 2, 3]) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> >>> any([x for x in [1, 2, 3]]) >>> I mean, I'm afraid I can't use an expression like that without building a list... not at least in python2.3 Regards Marco -- Marco Bizzarri http://notenotturne.blogspot.com/ http://iliveinpisa.blogspot.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Checking the boolean value of a collection
On Fri, Sep 12, 2008 at 4:44 PM, Diez B. Roggisch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >>> if any(instance.forbitToClose(archivefolder) for instance in >>> self.findActiveOutgoingRegistrationInstances()) >> >> Can you clarify where I can find "any"? It seems to me I'm unable to find >> it... > > It's part of python2.5. > > If you don't have that, you can write it your own and stuff it into > __builtins__: > def any(iterable): > ... for item in iterable: > ... if item: > ... return True > ... return False > ... > ... __builtins__.any = any > > > You might also want to add all, the companion of any: > > def all(iterable): > ... for item in iterable: > ... if not item: > ... return False > ... return True > ... > > Diez > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > Thanks for the clarification, Diez! Indeed, I tried python2.3 and python2.4, and of course not python2.5 ;) I would like to make this available to the whole project. I suspect I could put it in the package __init__.py... in that way, the __builtins__ namespace should have it... am I right? -- Marco Bizzarri http://notenotturne.blogspot.com/ http://iliveinpisa.blogspot.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Matching horizontal white space
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
multipleSpaces = re.compile(u'\\h+')
importantTextString = '\n \n \n \t\t '
importantTextString = multipleSpaces.sub("M", importantTextString)
what's "\\h" supposed to mean?
I would have expected consecutive spaces and tabs to be replaced by M
but nothing is being replaced.
if you know what you want to replace, be explicit:
>>> importantTextString = '\n \n \n \t\t '
>>> re.compile("[\t ]+").sub("M", importantTextString)
'\nM\nM\nM'
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Re: Checking the boolean value of a collection
Marco Bizzarri wrote: Can you clarify where I can find "any"? It seems to me I'm > unable to find it... it's a 2.5 addition. to use this in a "future-compatible" way in 2.3, you can add try: any except NameError: def any(iterable): for element in iterable: if element: return True return False to the top of the file (or to some suitable support library). 2.5 also provides an "all" function, which can be emulated as: try: all except NameError: def all(iterable): for element in iterable: if not element: return False return True -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Checking the boolean value of a collection
if any(instance.forbitToClose(archivefolder) for instance in self.findActiveOutgoingRegistrationInstances()) Can you clarify where I can find "any"? It seems to me I'm unable to find it... It's part of python2.5. If you don't have that, you can write it your own and stuff it into __builtins__: >>> def any(iterable): ... for item in iterable: ... if item: ... return True ... return False ... ... __builtins__.any = any You might also want to add all, the companion of any: >>> def all(iterable): ... for item in iterable: ... if not item: ... return False ... return True ... Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Accessing __slots__ from C
Hrvoje Niksic <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> Chris <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>
>>> descr = GetAttrString(cls,"varname");
>>> offset = descr->d_member->offset;
>>> slotvar = (PyObject*)(((char*)obj)+offset)
>>
>> Unfortunately, I am inexperienced at this kind of thing, so I wasn't
>> able to get something working. Maybe someone could tell me what's
>> wrong with the code below (it gives the error "'struct _object' has no
>> member named 'd_member'")?
>
> You are getting that error because Carl forgot to cast the descriptor
> to the appropriate C type, in this case PyMemberDescrObject. The last
> line is also incorrect, I think. Try something like this:
>
> PyObject *descr = PyObject_GetAttrString(x,"attr_one");
Also note that x should be your object's type, i.e. o->ob_type cast to
PyObject *. The complete incantation would be:
// outside the loop
PyObject *descr = PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject *) obj->ob_type,
"attr_one");
if (!descr)
return NULL;
int offset = ((PyMemberDescrObject *) descr)->d_member->offset;
Py_DECREF(descr);
// inside the loop
PyObject *value = *(PyObject **)((char *)obj + offset);
if (!value) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, "attribute missing");
return NULL;
}
// Remember to Py_INCREF(value) before using it and Py_DECREF it after
// using it. Otherwise if the object changes its slot to something
// else, you might be using a dead object.
With this code, accessing the value is practically free once the
offset is calculated. Here is a bench3 function updated to use this
strategy:
static PyObject *
bench3(PyObject *ignored, PyObject *obj)
{
PyObject *descr = PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject *) obj->ob_type,
"abcdef");
if (!descr)
return NULL;
// Here you should also assert that PyObject_TypeCheck(descr,
// PyMemberDescr_Type) holds true. Since PyMemberDescr_Type is static,
// you'll have to get it by stashing away ob_type of a value known to be
// the descriptor. This is left as excercise to the reader.
int offset = ((PyMemberDescrObject *) descr)->d_member->offset;
Py_DECREF(descr);
int i;
PyObject *volatile attr; // 'volatile' for benchmarking, prevents gcc
// from optimizing away the loop
for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
attr = *(PyObject **)((char *)obj + offset);
}
Py_INCREF(attr);
return attr;// to prove that we retrieved the correct value
}
>>> t0 = time.time(); attr.bench3(o); t1 = time.time()
1
>>> t1-t0
0.00071597099304199219 # for 1,000,000 iterations, as cheap as it gets
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Re: Checking the boolean value of a collection
On Fri, Sep 12, 2008 at 4:09 PM, Diez B. Roggisch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Marco Bizzarri schrieb: >> >> Hi all. >> >> In many parts of my code I've the following schema of code: >> >>def isInUseByOutgoingRegistrations(self, archivefolder): >>for instance in self.findActiveOutgoingRegistrationInstances(): >>if instance.forbidToClose(archivefolder): >>return True >>return False >> >> Before devising my own solution for this kind of problem, I wonder if >> there is a common solution for the problem. I'm looking for a >> python2.3 solution. > > if any(instance.forbitToClose(archivefolder) for instance in > self.findActiveOutgoingRegistrationInstances()) Can you clarify where I can find "any"? It seems to me I'm unable to find it... > You should also consider using PEP8 style naming. > I knew that someone would have said that to me :-). I'm doing that... slowly. I'm trying to fix naming conventions as I had to work on my code... > Diez > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > -- Marco Bizzarri http://notenotturne.blogspot.com/ http://iliveinpisa.blogspot.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Checking the boolean value of a collection
Marco Bizzarri schrieb: Hi all. In many parts of my code I've the following schema of code: def isInUseByOutgoingRegistrations(self, archivefolder): for instance in self.findActiveOutgoingRegistrationInstances(): if instance.forbidToClose(archivefolder): return True return False Before devising my own solution for this kind of problem, I wonder if there is a common solution for the problem. I'm looking for a python2.3 solution. if any(instance.forbitToClose(archivefolder) for instance in self.findActiveOutgoingRegistrationInstances()) You should also consider using PEP8 style naming. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Accessing __slots__ from C
Chris <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: >> descr = GetAttrString(cls,"varname"); >> offset = descr->d_member->offset; >> slotvar = (PyObject*)(((char*)obj)+offset) > > Unfortunately, I am inexperienced at this kind of thing, so I wasn't > able to get something working. Maybe someone could tell me what's > wrong with the code below (it gives the error "'struct _object' has no > member named 'd_member'")? You are getting that error because Carl forgot to cast the descriptor to the appropriate C type, in this case PyMemberDescrObject. The last line is also incorrect, I think. Try something like this: PyObject *descr = PyObject_GetAttrString(x,"attr_one"); int offset = ((PyMemberDescrObject *) descr)->d_member->offset; PyObject *slotvar = *(PyObject **)(((char *) obj) + offset); -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lacking follow-through
On Sep 12, 7:23 am, Steve Holden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > castironpi wrote: > > If you are flattered to be compared to an AI you must come from the same > race as Mr. Spock in Star Trek. No, I said 'for my logic to compared'. Speaking of which, I think you excluded the possibility of diligent and ethical human, which meets the criteria (of being flattered to be compared to an AI)... unless Vulcan is just a synonym for it. If you want a discussion of why a diligent and ethical human takes pride in / devotes effort to logic, that's another topic that I'm happy to engage on. > You aren't entitled to require discussion of your ideas and proposals. No, but you are entitled to human interaction. If your case is that I should seek mine face-to-face instead of keyboard-to-screen, you probably have a point. ... > [...] > > > For example, I sometimes hear people talk about salary as though it > > were social approval, and vice versa. Even though the analogy doesn't > > hold in every case generally, it is still a good way to express > > yourself in many contexts, and especially when the more precise word > > isn't on the tip of your tongue. > > Perhaps under those circumstances the better choice is to hold off > posting and do some research until you come up with the proper word. Yes I know. Good thing everyone at Mozilla agrees with you, and Thesaurus.Com is included in Firefox's quicksearch engines. > Precision in the expression of ideas encourages debate, whereas sloppy > "just write what you feel" is likely to result in hostile responses, as > it causes the perception that you value your own time more than that of > the people you attempt to engage. But the value of expression and self-expression can outweigh the value of debate, even in so stuffy a setting as a Usenet group. Make time for both or stifle your emotions. Do you hold I should be speaking from the heart more or less? Regardless, you've contradicted yourself: 1) "just write what you feel" is likely to result in hostile responses 2) If you are flattered to be compared to an AI you must [not be human] Assume you, Steve, do as you say (practice what you preach). You do not write either "just what you feel", nor anything that can be compared to an A.I. Define the goal of A.I. to be logic and reasoned "post-impulsive" deliberation (my title to define as I voiced the flattery). Then conclude you don't post to the newsgroup. Observe you do, and reach an absurdity. What premise do you retract? Knowing nothing of your background in philosophy or otherwise, it may be a little unfair to put words in your mouth like that. It's a deep problem (that yes, does have implications on the "diligent and ethical" issue above) of human nature and the human condition: If you're not rational, then you're a man. Besides, it is better to complain to the group that it is dropping my posts than to anyone else. > > regards > Steve > -- > Steve Holden +1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 > Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Accessing __slots__ from C
Chris <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>> In my experience, as long as you're
>> accessing simple slots, you should notice a difference.
>
> (I'm not sure what you mean by a 'simple slot'.
I mean a slot defined by __slots__ = slot1, slot2, slot3, ..., without
descriptors or specific __getattribute__ code on top of that.
> - GetAttr: 46 seconds (46 seconds)
> outside the loop:
> PyObject *name = PyString_FromString("attr_one");
I think you should be using PyString_InternFromString, but it will
probably still be slower than PyList_GET_ITEM, which is still much
simpler. The next optimization is the one proposed by Carl, which
should yield speed comparable to PyList_GET_ITEM. See my response in
that subthread for details.
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Checking the boolean value of a collection
Hi all. In many parts of my code I've the following schema of code: def isInUseByOutgoingRegistrations(self, archivefolder): for instance in self.findActiveOutgoingRegistrationInstances(): if instance.forbidToClose(archivefolder): return True return False Before devising my own solution for this kind of problem, I wonder if there is a common solution for the problem. I'm looking for a python2.3 solution. Regards Marco -- Marco Bizzarri http://notenotturne.blogspot.com/ http://iliveinpisa.blogspot.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Injecting new names into the above frame
Peter Waller wrote:
> Dear Pythoners,
>
> I know this will probably be perceived as 'evil voodoo', and fair
> enough: it probably is. I guess it is unpythonic.
>
> .. but I want to know how to do it anyway - mostly for my own
> interest.
Well, if you're really just asking out of curiosity, it should be
sufficient to tell you that this is not possible.
> [...] we have to add this
> snippet before the Get() function returns:
>
> from ctypes import pythonapi, py_object, c_int
> pythonapi.PyFrame_LocalsToFast( py_object( frame ), 1 )
>
> This copies back the names into the code object, and works fine.. that
> is, if the names already exist within the code object.
>
> def MyFunction():
> a = None
> Get("a")
> print a # Works
> Get("b")
> print b # Name error, b is undefined
The answer to why this doesn't work lies in the disassembly of that
function:
0 LOAD_CONST 0 (0)
3 STORE_FAST 0 (0)
6 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (1)
9 LOAD_CONST 1 (1)
12 CALL_FUNCTION 1
15 POP_TOP
16 LOAD_FAST 0 (0) <- This is a
19 PRINT_ITEM
20 PRINT_NEWLINE
21 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (1)
24 LOAD_CONST 2 (2)
27 CALL_FUNCTION 1
30 POP_TOP
31 LOAD_GLOBAL 2 (2) <- This is b
34 PRINT_ITEM
35 PRINT_NEWLINE
36 LOAD_CONST 0 (0)
39 RETURN_VALUE
Since you have an assignment to the name a, a is recognized as a local
name at compile time. b is not recognized as a local name at compile
time, so even if you inject a value for b into the locals dictionary,
the byte code still looks up the value as a global name.
> Is there any way for Get() to define a new variable within
> MyFunction's code object? Or is there any programmatic way to, at
> runtime, insert new names into functions?
Not without making fundamental changes to Python itself. The fact that
this isn't possible is a feature, in my opinion. I like the fact that I
can call a function and be *absolutely certain* that it's not going to
pollute my local namespace.
Hope this helps,
--
Carsten Haese
http://informixdb.sourceforge.net
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Re: Accessing __slots__ from C
Hrvoje Niksic xemacs.org> writes:
...
> Chris users.sourceforge.net> writes:
>
> >> PyObject_GetAttrString is convenient, but it creates a Python string
> >> only so it can intern it (and in most cases throw away the freshly
> >> created version). For maximum efficiency, pre-create the string
> >> object using PyString_InternFromString, and use that with
> >> PyObject_GetAttr.
> >
> > Yes, we'd thought of that too, but it doesn't seem to be an
> > important factor compared to the actual attribute lookup.
>
> I'd like to see your test code.
Thanks for your interest in this. My test code is a whole function
that's part of a big simulator, unfortunately! I need to use the data
structures created by the simulator as part of the testing. While the
source is freely available*, that doesn't make it easy for others to
run the tests...
> In my experience, as long as you're
> accessing simple slots, you should notice a difference.
(I'm not sure what you mean by a 'simple slot'. The slot we're
accessing is a numpy array.)
Sorry I wasn't clear before - we do notice a difference, but not as
big a difference as when we access the attributes (arrays) from a
pre-built list. Below are timings from running the simulator
(i.e. calling the function in question many times) using the three
approaches (GetAttrString, GetAttr, and instead using a list and
GetItem; times outside parentheses are from a stopwatch; times in
parentheses are from Python's cProfile module):
- GetAttrString: 55 seconds (58 seconds)
inside the loop:
PyObject *weights_obj = PyObject_GetAttrString(obj,"attr_one");
- GetAttr: 46 seconds (46 seconds)
outside the loop:
PyObject *name = PyString_FromString("attr_one");
inside the loop:
PyObject *obj = PyObject_GetAttr(obj,name);
- PyList_GetItem: 35 seconds (37 seconds)
So, of course, you are right to say that we should notice a
difference! But speed is critical for us here.
Incidentally, what we have is a simulator written entirely in Python,
but we also provide optimized C versions of some parts of it. These C
parts must be entirely optional.
> Here is a test program that shows a 4.6 time speedup simply by
> switching from PyObject_GetAttrString to PyObject_GetAttr:
Thanks for the illustration. While I didn't run your code myself,
I did try to study it. Illustrations like that are very helpful.
Chris
* from http://topographica.org/
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Injecting new names into the above frame
Dear Pythoners,
I know this will probably be perceived as 'evil voodoo', and fair
enough: it probably is. I guess it is unpythonic.
.. but I want to know how to do it anyway - mostly for my own
interest.
Consider the following snippet of code:
---
def Get( *names ):
if not names: return None
frame = sys._getframe(1)
prevFrameLocals = frame.f_locals
for name in names:
prevFrameLocals[ name ] = FetchObjectNamed( name )
Get("a", "b", "c")
print a, b, c
---
FetchObjectNamed() is an arbitrary function which takes a string and
returns an object it got from some store somewhere.
This works fine at the module level, because names in the locals/
globals dictionary can be played with in this way. The idea is to save
lots of typing, i.e.
a, b, c = Get("a","b","c")
..gets frustrating after much typing for many objects with long names.
This is just an example, there are other instances I have where it
would be nice to inject names into the frame above.
Of course, we hit a road block when we call 'Get' from a function
rather than a module, because the locals dictionary does not get
copied back into the code object automatically, so we have to add this
snippet before the Get() function returns:
from ctypes import pythonapi, py_object, c_int
pythonapi.PyFrame_LocalsToFast( py_object( frame ), 1 )
This copies back the names into the code object, and works fine.. that
is, if the names already exist within the code object.
def MyFunction():
a = None
Get("a")
print a # Works
Get("b")
print b # Name error, b is undefined
Is there any way for Get() to define a new variable within
MyFunction's code object? Or is there any programmatic way to, at
runtime, insert new names into functions?
I don't care how hacky it is and whether it requires making calls to
python's internals with ctypes - maybe the whole code object needs to
be replaced? is it even possible to do that when the Get() function is
about to return to this new code object?
Cheers,
- Peter
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Re: dynamic allocation file buffer
On Sep 12, 4:34 am, Paul Boddie <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On 12 Sep, 08:30, Steven D'Aprano > > <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > Which is why I previously said that XML was not well suited for random > > access. > > Maybe not. No, it's not. Element trees are, which if I just would have said originally... > A consideration of other storage formats such as HDF5 might > be appropriate: > > http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/HDF5/whatishdf5.html > > There are, of course, HDF5 tools available for Python. PyTables came up within the past few weeks on the list. "When the file is created, the metadata in the object tree is updated in memory while the actual data is saved to disk. When you close the file the object tree is no longer available. However, when you reopen this file the object tree will be reconstructed in memory from the metadata on disk" This is different from what I had in mind, but the extremity depends on how slow the 'reconstructed in memory' step is. (From http://www.pytables.org/docs/manual/ch01.html#id2506782 ). The counterexample would be needing random access into multiple data files, which don't all fit in memory at once, but the maturity of the package might outweigh that. Reconstruction will form a bottleneck anyway. > > I think we're starting to be sucked into a vortex of obtuse and opaque > > communication. > > I don't know about that. I'm managing to keep up with the discussion. > > > We agree that XML can store hierarchical data, and that it > > has to be read and written sequentially, and that whatever the merits of > > castironpi's software, his original use-case of random access to a 4GB > > XML file isn't workable. Yes? I could renege that bid and talk about a 4MB file, where recopying is prohibitively expensive and so random access is needed, thereby requiring an alternative to XML. > Again, XML specifically might not be workable for random access in a > serialised form, despite people's best efforts at processing it in > various unconventional ways, but that doesn't mean that random access > to a 4GB file containing hierarchical data isn't possible, so I > suppose it depends on whether he is wedded to the idea of using > vanilla XML or not. No. It is always nice to be able to scroll through your data, but it's much less common to be able to scroll though a data -structure-. (Which is part of the reason data structures are hard to design.) > It's always worth exploring the available > alternatives before embarking on a challenging project, unless one > wants to pursue the exercise as a learning experience, and I therefore > suggest investigating whether HDF5 doesn't already solve at least some > of the problems or use-cases stated in this discussion. The potential for concurrency is definitely one benefit of raw alloc/ free management, and a requirement I was setting out to program directly for. There is a multi-threaded version of HDF5 but interprocess communication is unsupported. "This version serializes the API suitable for use in a multi-threaded application but does not provide any level of concurrency." From: http://www.hdfgroup.uiuc.edu/papers/features/mthdf/ (It is always appreciated to find a statement of what a product does not do.) > Paul There is an updated statement of the problem on the project website: http://code.google.com/p/pymmapstruct/source/browse/trunk/pymmapstruct.txt I don't have numbers for my claim that the abstraction layers in SQL, including string construction and parsing, are ever a bottleneck or limiting factor, despite that it's sort of intuitive. Until I get those, maybe I should leave that allegation out. Compared to the complexity of all these other packages (ZOPE, memcached, HDF5/PyTables), alloc and free are almost looking like they should become methods on a subclass of the builtin buffer type. Ha! (Ducks.) They're beyond dangerous compared to the snuggly feeling of Python though, so maybe they could belong in ctypes. Aaron -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Please help me finding a way to implement os.path.issubpath(a, b)
On Sep 11, 8:04 pm, Arnaud Delobelle <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Sep 11, 5:40 pm, "Giampaolo Rodola'" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>
>
> > Hi,
> > I'm trying to implement a function which returns whether a path is a
> > subpath of another one (e.g. /a/b/c is a subpath of /a/b).
> > I wrote this function which apparently seems to work fine:
>
> > import os
>
> > def issubpath(path1, path2):
> > """Return True if path1 is a sub path of path2."""
> > if path1 == path2:
> > return False
> > x1 = path1.split(os.sep)
> > x2 = path2.split(os.sep)
> > return x1[:len(x2)] == x2
>
> > ...but if I use "issubpath('C:\\dir', 'C:\\')" it returns False.
> > A little help would be appreciated.
>
> > Thanks in advance.
>
> That's because:
>
> >>> 'C:\\dir'.split('\\')
> ['C:', 'dir']
> >>> 'C:\\'.split('\\')
>
> ['C:', '']
>
> So you could write instead something like
>
> x1 = path1.rstrip(os.sep).split(os.sep)
> x2 = path2.rstrip(os.sep).split(os.sep)
>
> in your function
>
> HTH
>
> --
> Arnaud
Thanks, it seems to work just fine.
--- Giampaolo
http://code.google.com/p/pyftpdlib/
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Re: testing if another instance of a script is already running
Tim Golden wrote: Strato wrote: Hi folks, I want to write some kind of test to check at startup if another instance of my script is already running. I don't want to handle writing of a PID file because it is too Unix/Linux specific way to do this, and I need to keep the code to be cross-platform. I think the better way to achieve this is to use some process control, but I'm a neebie and I don't see how to do this in a safe and clean way. There's nothing built in to Python to do this, so you'll probably have to roll your own cross-platformness. Of course, there's nothing to stop you from writing pid files under Windows even if it's not the usual way. Or you could just put some conditional code, and use the kernel mutex under Windows, which is the generally recommended technique. Have a look at this thread, for example (among several others): http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2005-June/327063.html Sorry, not the best of links to point to. Basically, search mail.python.org for things like "CreateMutex" and "single application instance". TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: String to hexadecimal conversion
Praveena P wrote:
> Hi folks,
>
> I am new to Python... so am not too sure about how the type conversion
> works.
>
> I have to read a file that contains hexadecimal data and use the data
> further to do some arithmetic calculations.
> A sample of the input is : 20E032F8400022005E
> The problem I am facing is this:
> I am using f.read(2) to read a byte at a time, but the data that is
> read is a string rather than a number. So it kind of hampers any
> arithmetic operations I perform on this data...
>
> Could you please suggest some method I could use for this?
Generally speaking, reading a file 2 bytes at a time i going to be
inefficient and untidy.
Does this help?
>>> int("20E032F8400022005E", 16)
170696759285949896156423472451551326L
>>>
Or have I misunderstood your intention?
regards
Steve
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Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/
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Re: testing if another instance of a script is already running
Strato wrote: Hi folks, I want to write some kind of test to check at startup if another instance of my script is already running. I don't want to handle writing of a PID file because it is too Unix/Linux specific way to do this, and I need to keep the code to be cross-platform. I think the better way to achieve this is to use some process control, but I'm a neebie and I don't see how to do this in a safe and clean way. There's nothing built in to Python to do this, so you'll probably have to roll your own cross-platformness. Of course, there's nothing to stop you from writing pid files under Windows even if it's not the usual way. Or you could just put some conditional code, and use the kernel mutex under Windows, which is the generally recommended technique. Have a look at this thread, for example (among several others): http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2005-June/327063.html TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Gateway to python-list is generating bounce messages.
On Thu, 11 Sep 2008 17:27:33 +0200, Sjoerd Mullender wrote: > When mail messages bounce, the MTA (Message Transfer Agent--the program > that handles mail) *should* send the bounce message to whatever is in > the Sender header, and only if that header does not exist, should it use > the From header. Who makes up these rules, and why should we pay the least bit of attention to them? It's one thing to say "right or wrong, that's what list admins do and you have to deal with their behaviour whatever way you can". It's another thing altogether to take the legalistic attitude of "never mind the consequences, the standard is the standard and must be unthinkingly obeyed". If the standard does more harm than good, then ignoring the standard is the right thing to do. (Better would be to change the standard, but that probably won't happen until there's a critical mass of people who ignore the existing broken standard and form their own de facto standard.) A standard isn't "correct" just because it's a standard, it's merely something that a committee has agreed to do. In other words, it's a compromise. Now, such compromises might be good and useful, or they might combine the worst of all opinions. Just because something is standardized doesn't make it the right thing to do. If you want proof of this, I give you the recently approved ISO standard for Microsoft's so-called "Office Open XML" OOXML file format. The standard behaviour of sending bounce and out-of-office messages to the sender works well when sending email to individuals, but for mailing lists it is pointless and counter-productive. Pointless, because the sender can't do anything to fix the problem he's being notified about. And counter-productive, because it is an anti-feature, something that makes the mailing list more unpleasant and less useful. Anyone who has regularly emailed to a large mailing list has surely experienced the frustration of receiving bounce messages from perfect strangers. To anyone who wishes to defend the process of sending mailing list bounces back the sender, ask yourself this: what do YOU do with such bounces when you receive them? If you ignore them or delete them (whether manually or via a procmail recipe or some other automatic system) then what benefit does the standard behaviour offer? -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Accessing __slots__ from C
Carl Banks gmail.com> writes: ... > You can determine the offset the of the slot in the object structure > by > querying the member descriptor of the type object. That sounds like just the kind of thing we were looking for - thanks! > descr = GetAttrString(cls,"varname"); > offset = descr->d_member->offset; > slotvar = (PyObject*)(((char*)obj)+offset) Unfortunately, I am inexperienced at this kind of thing, so I wasn't able to get something working. Maybe someone could tell me what's wrong with the code below (it gives the error "'struct _object' has no member named 'd_member'")? PyObject *descr = PyObject_GetAttrString(x,"attr_one"); int offset = descr->d_member->offset; PyObject* slotvar = (PyObject*)(((char*)obj)+offset); where x is the class and attr_one is a slot (the full example is appended to this message). I guessed the type of offset; I'm not sure what it should be. I couldn't find any information about d_member on the web. > There might be some macros to simplify this. Sorry to say that I also have no idea about where to find such macros! Maybe I should continue this thread on capi-sig? Thanks for your help, Chris class MyObject(object): __slots__ = ['attr_one'] def __init__(self,attr_one=1.0): self.attr_one = attr_one import weave def test(): x = MyObject code = """ PyObject *descr = PyObject_GetAttrString(x,"attr_one"); int offset = descr->d_member->offset; //PyObject* slotvar = (PyObject*)(((char*)obj)+offset); """ weave.inline(code,['x'],local_dict=locals(),verbose=1) test() -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lacking follow-through
castironpi wrote: [...] > For example, I sometimes hear people talk about salary as though it > were social approval, and vice versa. Even though the analogy doesn't > hold in every case generally, it is still a good way to express > yourself in many contexts, and especially when the more precise word > isn't on the tip of your tongue. Perhaps under those circumstances the better choice is to hold off posting and do some research until you come up with the proper word. Precision in the expression of ideas encourages debate, whereas sloppy "just write what you feel" is likely to result in hostile responses, as it causes the perception that you value your own time more than that of the people you attempt to engage. regards Steve -- Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lacking follow-through
castironpi wrote: > On Sep 7, 5:03 pm, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> On Mon, 08 Sep 2008 07:34:55 +1000, James Mills wrote: >>> This is the strangest post I've seen >>> since I've joined this list (only >>> recently). What the ? >> Yeah, castironpi sometimes doesn't make much sense. Maybe because it's a >> bot!? :-) >> >> Ciao, >> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch > > No, I'm legit, and I believe my complaint is. That's all I can > guarantee anyway. While I'm still not a vet on Usenet, I'm still > disappointed so far. Though I should be flattered for my logic to be > ever compared to an A.I.'s. > Your various outpourings appear so rambling and ill-conceived that silence is often the only polite response. If you are flattered to be compared to an AI you must come from the same race as Mr. Spock in Star Trek. > Maybe the ideas are not that groundbreaking, but they still have been > dropped instead of critiqued. Problem. You aren't entitled to require discussion of your ideas and proposals. The usual way of obtaining responses is to engage in a dialog, responding intelligently and directly to any criticism or discussion. But it's often difficult to discern what point you are trying to make. This may be a linguistic issue, or it may be because you are running some bizarre experiment. The jury appears to still be out on that question. regards Steve -- Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
testing if another instance of a script is already running
Hi folks, I want to write some kind of test to check at startup if another instance of my script is already running. I don't want to handle writing of a PID file because it is too Unix/Linux specific way to do this, and I need to keep the code to be cross-platform. I think the better way to achieve this is to use some process control, but I'm a neebie and I don't see how to do this in a safe and clean way. Any idea ? Best regards, Strato -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Matching horizontal white space
multipleSpaces = re.compile(u'\\h+')
importantTextString = '\n \n \n \t\t '
importantTextString = multipleSpaces.sub("M", importantTextString)
I would have expected consecutive spaces and tabs to be replaced by M
but nothing is being replaced. If I try the following, then I'm left
only with M, as expected -
multipleSpaces = re.compile(u'\\s+') # both vertical and horizontal
importantTextString = '\n \n \n \t\t '
importantTextString = multipleSpaces.sub("M", importantTextString)
What I eventually wish to do is have only single spaces in my text and
to only have single carriage returns -
"one two three four
five
six
"
becoming -
"one two three four
five
six
"
Thanks,
Barry
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