date:20050928

 Dear sir:
would it be of any good to add glycerol to an aerobic digester?.
Thanks in advance,
F-J. Burgos

See:

http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_glycerin.html#biogas
Glycerine and biogas

Best wishes

Keith


- Original Message -
From: Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Sent: Tuesday, September 27, 2005 10:47 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] glycerol


  Glycerol ferments extremely well in the presence of botulimum toxin.
 
  Also, someone mentioned recently that a fractious addition of glycerol
  to an anaerobic digester increased its output.
 
  Todd Swearingen
 
 
  Jason and Katie wrote:
 
  hi all,
 
  i have been reading the JtF pages once again, and i noticed a
  statement that glycerol was a 'simple sugar'.  if this is true, could
  it be used in ethanol production, or is the harsh chemical content too
  high for yeast, even after separating and reclamation? what kind of
  treatment would be needed to combine/break down this sugar into
  yeast-food if it is suitable?
 
  thx,
  jason


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Re: [Biofuel] freiburg solar house





Hakan;

I agree with you that hydrogen is not a simple solution and requires a
huge investment to make it useable at the consumer level. But as I was
reading it occured to me that the same could have been said about
petroleum refining a hundred years ago. It is true that hydrogen
requires more energy to gather and compress than you get back out of
it, but what if the input energy was free? (after the costs of the
solar arrays was depreciated of course). I could imagine huge area
arrays out on the oceans splitting sea water and compressing hydrogen
for tank ships to come and collect it. Granted this represents a huge
investment but so did the petroleum industry. One thing for sure the
greedy buggers on top of the pyramid of society would like to stay on
top. If they see any glimmer of hope in investing money to maintain
control of the energy sector I think they will take it. Perhaps now
they are still in denial and think they can save a sinking ship??

I also agree about the inevitable demise of the US empire, but like
anything which becomes over strong, the decline is precipitated by that
very fact.

Joe

Hakan Falk wrote:

  Zeke,
My opinion is that if hydrogen was a sustainable and economical fuel in
any way, it would have been used 100 years ago. It is other interests
behind it. The whole process is not usable and sustainable at user level,
without large investments in processing plants and complicated storage
technology, ideal for maintaining the sustainability of large corporations.
Hydrogen is the seven sisters life line and guarantee of sustainable
business.

US is moving towards self destruction through financial bleeding, Iraq,
Hurricanes and an expensive hydrogen economy. How much more can it
take, or is it already too late?

Hakan

At 22:35 27/09/2005, you wrote:
  
  

  If it was so easy, as you say, why it is such an expensive development
hunt, to try to find suitable and economical storage solutions?

Hakan
  

Hakan

I actually agree with alot of your reply, that storing hydrogen is
significantly harder than natural gas.  However, I think that the main
issue, just like just about every other sustainable living technology,
is non-technical.  Just because it is suitable and economical, doesn't
mean that anyone will actually use it.

  
  


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Re: [Biofuel] freiburg solar house

I have some experience with compressing helium since I work with 
cryogenics and helium is used as a refrigerant gas when you want to cool 
to 10 kelvin.  Helium is very difficult to compress and hydrogen would 
be double trouble.  However we do have the ability to make seals that 
have very impressive leak rates (there is no perfect seal) Compressed 
hydrogen should be able to be stored despite it's small molecular size.  
Compressing it will be very costly in terms of hardware and energy though.
I think what is really needed is a way to obtain it as needed so that 
compressing and storing is taken out of the equation.  As always 
solutions to problems create more problems to be solved. Ah

Joe

  

Pure Hydrogen is much smaller and have higher escape velocity
and cannot be compared with CNG. Hydrogen also have lesser
energy content, so you must store more of it to have comparable
vehicle ranges, or go much to much higher pressures than a couple
of hundreds bar.

  



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[Biofuel] Webasto and Espar running WVO

2005-09-28 Thread eolsen

Sounds like someone has experience with running a Webasto or Espar on
WVO (see below). What needs to be modified and how well does it work?
Thanks!
Eric

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, September 26, 2005 3:09 PM
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Glow Plugs 82 Mercedes

Actually, I've worked with both Webasto and Espar heaters from semi's
and never thought of them. We're doing hydronic heating of a 1600 sq ft
shop with a modified Webasto now running on WVO. I forgot that a smaller
one could warm an engine pretty quickly. Thanks!

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Re: [Biofuel] US army plans to bulk-buy anthrax

2005-09-28 Thread marilyn

Keith Addison wrote:
By the way, whatever happened to all those folks who were 
arrested for the anthrax attacks in 2001?

Exerpts below from two articles in 2002 shed some light on his 
question:

1) Thinking the Unthinkable...Was the Anthrax an Inside Job?

Investigative journalist Wayne Madsen details mounting 
evidence that the source of the anthrax was a top secret U.S. 
Army laboratory in Maryland, and that the perpetrators involve 
high-level officials in the U.S. military and intelligence 
infrastructure. On March 23, the FBI officially announced that 
exhaustive testing did not support that anthrax was present 
anywhere the hijackers had been. If not the hijackers, who 
would have the capability to produce and disseminate the high 
grade anthrax? Is it mere coincidence that the new Director of the 
National Institutes of Health (NIH) approved the questionable 
use of anthrax vaccine on military personnel? Or that Harvard 
biophysics scientist and anthrax expert Dr. Don C. Wiley met with 
a very suspicious demise just a month after the attacks first 
began? Those questions only scratch the surface!  When will the 
Bush Administration's investigations start producing 
long-overdue results??

Full article at:
http://www.counterpunch.com/madsenanthrax.html

2) FBI guilty of cover-up over anthrax suspect 

At a time when the Bush administration is beefing up Americas 
Homeland Security defences any indication of progress by the 
FBI should be good news, but one prominent and 
well-respected biowarfare expert believes the FBI has not only 
known the identity of the terrorist for months but has conspired 
with other branches of the US government to keep it secret. 

Dr Barbara Hatch Rosenberg, director of the biological warfare 
division at the Federation of American Scientists, first accused 
the FBI of foot-dragging in February with a scathing investigation 
that included a portrait of the possible perpetrator so detailed 
that it could only match one person. 

Rosenberg said she knows who that person is and so do a 
top-level clique of US government scientists, the CIA, the FBI and 
the White House. 

Early in the investigation, Rosenberg told Scotland on Sunday, 
a number of inside experts, at least five that I know about, gave 
the FBI the name of one specific person as the most likely 
suspect. That person fits the FBI profile in most respects. He 
has the right skills, experience with anthrax, up-to-date anthrax 
vaccination, forensic training, and access to the US Army Medical 
Research Institute for Infectious Diseases (AMRIID) and its 
biological agents through 2001. 

Rosenbergs profile suggests that the suspect is a middle-aged 
scientist with a doctoral degree who works for a CIA contractor in 
Washington DC. She adds he has to know or have worked 
closely with Bill Patrick, the weapons researcher who holds five 
secret patents on how to produce weapons-grade anthrax, that 
he suffered a career setback last summer that embittered him 
and precipitated his campaign and that he has already been 
investigated by the FBI. 

Most crucially, she believes the suspect has in the past actually 
conducted experiments for the government to test the response 
of the police and civil agencies to a bioterror attack. 

It has been part of the suspects job to devise bioterror 
scenarios, Rosenberg said. Some of these are on record. He 
is known to have acted out at least one of them, in hoax form, 
perhaps as part of an assignment to test responses. Some hoax 
events that have never been solved, including several 
hoax-anthrax events, also correspond to his scenarios and are 
consistent with his whereabouts. 

The question she wants the FBI and the Bush administration to 
answer is, why it has taken so long to arrest this man? In the 
unlikely event that the government divulges all it knows about 
what she now believes to be a full blown cover-up, Rosenberg 
said responsibility can be expected to fall on a number of 
government agencies, all with a vested interest in shielding the 
truth. 

Either the FBI is under pressure from the Pentagon or CIA not to 
proceed because the suspect knows too much and must be 
controlled forever from the moment of arrest, she said, or the 
FBI is sympathetic to the views of the biodefence clique or the 
FBI really is as incompetent as it seems. 

Rosenbergs analysis suggests a combination of all three. The 
American defence establishment guards its secrets well and 
given the suspects covert work on their behalf their reluctance to 
see him publicly exposed appears natural. 

Equally there is evidence that some of the suspects colleagues 
are not unhappy with the fallout from his terror attacks. 
Rosenberg cites David Franz, a former commander of USAMRIID 
who earlier this year said of the anthrax campaign: I think a lot of 
good has come from it. From a biological or a medical 
standpoint, weve now five people who have died, but weve put 
about $6bn in our

Re: [Biofuel] Constant Gardener; The best film in years, exposes western crimes in africa

 NGO's,
 the UN, and especially the western aid agencies are all out to keep Africa
 and the African people in submission to the western interests, and one cant
 but help see this in the film.

In general, I agree, however not all NGO's are out to do this.  I
worked for Engineers Without Borders, which focuses on village level
design of small infrastructure projects, and stresses appropriate
technology that is designed in consulation with the people who will
use it, and training the local people to extend the technology to
neighboring areas themselves.

Of course, we cannot get any funding from USAID, etc, because #1) our
average project costs $20,000, which lacks about two decimal places
for qualifying for aid agencies to even look at it, and #2) this
approach which treats each village as a unique situation instead of
doing a cookie cutter, one size fits no one approach, has much higher
administrative and overhead costs, and looks bad on the books.

And we also have to constantly fight people who have either the
arrogant engineer mentality (lets save the poor africans with our
great technology), or the christian evangelist mentality (lets save
the poor africans with our great religion).

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Re: [Biofuel] ethanol method

Hello Bob

Bob Allen wrote:

Howdy Tom, I am surprised that the method works at all.  There is a 
fundamental problem with the pKa's of ethanol and methanol.  the 
equilibrium
   KOH + EtOH --  KOEt + H2O
favors the left side of the equasion
whereas for methanol
KOH + MeOH  ---  KOMe + H2O
favors the right side.

   The only way I know it would work is if you generate the KOEt via 
an alternative route as I suggested before.  Use K, KH, or dry the 
ethoxide mixture via azotropic distillation.

I'd much like to know more about why ethyl esters is so difficult, 
but people do get it to work. How are they getting round this problem?

Here's the ethyl esters section of our website:

http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html#ethylester
Make your own biodiesel - page 2: Ethyl esters -- making ethanol biodiesel

There are links there to four studies in the Biofuels Library. The 
first one is from the report Tom is using:

Optimization of a Batch Type Ethyl Ester Process -- Charles Peterson 
et al., University of Idaho, 1996
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/ethyl_esters.html

Production and Testing of Ethyl and Methyl Esters, University of 
Idaho, Dec 1994.
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/EthylMethylEsters.html

Transesterification Process to Manufacture Ethyl Ester of Rape Oil, 
University of Idaho (Acrobat file, 672Kb)
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/EthylEsterofRapeOil.pdf

Making and Testing a Biodiesel Fuel Made From Ethanol and Waste 
French-Fry Oil, University of Idaho (Acrobat file, 2.4Mb)
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/EthylWVO.pdf

Could you shed any light on how they're getting round the equilibrium problem?

Best wishes

Keith


Tom Irwin wrote: Hi Bob,

I use density to determine the purity of the ethanol and a mass 
balance to check on my 3A regeneration technique. I have a fairly 
good Metler balance (PR 203) that reads to the third decimal place 
so should be accurate to the second. The procedure I'm trying to 
duplicate is the one on JTF.

Ethyl Ester Process Scale-up and Biodegradability of Biodiesel

FINAL REPORT, No. 303, November 1996

For the United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State 
Research Service, Cooperative Agreement No. 93-COOP-1-8627

University of Idaho, College of Agriculture, the University of Idaho.

Is another method more reliable?



Tom Irwin





From: bob allen [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Sent: Thu, 15 Sep 2005 20:17:27 -0300
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] ethanol method

Tom, two questions, 1. how do you know the ethanol is being dried? 
and 2. what procedure are you
using for bioD from ethanol?
Tom Irwin wrote:
  Hi Bob and all,
 
  I seem to be having fairly good success drying 95% ethanol with 3A
  molecular sieve. I still have horrible problems making BioD with 100%
  ethanol (purchased)but I¬¥m still working on it.
 
  Tom Irwin
 
  
  *From:* bob allen 
[mailto:javascript:kh6k0(new,[EMAIL PROTECTED])[EMAIL PROTECTED]
  *To:* 
javascript:kh6k0(new,Biofuel@sustainablelists.org)[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
nablelists.org
  *Sent:* Thu, 15 Sep 2005 18:23:08 -0300
  *Subject:* Re: [Biofuel] ethanol method
 
  It is not easy, due to the fact that ethoxide, can't be made by the
  combination of sodium or potassium hydroxide and ethanol, as one does
  with base plus methanol to form methoxide. It can be done however via
  alternative ways of making the ethoxide:
 
  K + EtOH --- K(+) (-)OEt + 1/2 H2
 
  KH + EtOH --- K(+) (-)OEt + H2
 
  (don't try this at home- wildly flammable materials involved)
 
 
  or for someone with good laboratory skills:
 
  combine EtOH (absolute) + KOH, then distill off 95% Ethanol/5% water
  azeotrope to remove water, shifting the equilibrium to form the
  ethoxide
  ion.
 
 
  The problem is that you remove a lot of ethanol to get a small amt of
  water out. (there are ways to recover absolute ethanol via a ternary
  azeotrope, but I seriously doubt if it is either cost or energy
  effective.
 
 
 
  Kuba-tlen wrote:
   Does anybody know how to do a biofuel usin ethanol? I mean 92%
  ethanol,
   not dry ethanol. I've read that it is possible. O maybe somebody
  knows
   how to easily dry ethanol?
--


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[Biofuel] Potassium hydroxide - was Re: Caustic Soda supply source?

Hello Kevin

Soap Supplies on the web have both Potassium (Much easier to wash) and
Sodium Hydroxide at bulk discounts.  You will have to pay a $25.00 Haz Mat
fee + freight + fuel surcharges, unless you can pickup yourself instead.

Can you provide some details of how it's easier to wash with KOH?

Does anybody else think so?

Thanks!

Keith

 
snip

-Kevin
- Original Message -
From: Mike Weaver [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Sent: Monday, September 26, 2005 9:19 AM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Caustic Soda supply source?


  Would you post your results?
 
  Evergreen Solutions wrote:
 
   Quick question, we're exhausing ourselves looking for a bulk-supplier
   of lye/caustic soda/NaOH. I've found some solutions online, but they

snip

 


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Re: [Biofuel] Constant Gardener; The best film in years, exposes western crimes in africa

My wife and I saw the film Constant Gardener last night and would highly
recommend it to all  citizens of the world. The film, starring Ralph
Fiennes, is based on the Le Carre book of the same name, and is about how
the western drug companies use Africa as a testing ground for their
experimental drugs, and cause death and suffering in the process when toxic
side effects to their imperfect formulas start killing people.
The best part of the whole film is that it showed just how ruthless and
murderous the drug companies were in protecting their multi million dollar
investments and didnt try to have a happy ending. The film showed how the
highest levels of western government know of these crimes and are complicit
in the cover up.
The acting is excellent, the plot complicated yet believable and the
scenery, shot on location in Kenya, while including the stark and awesome
beauty of Kenya, shows just how the African people are suffering, while
their leaders take the white mans money and allow their people to die.
After watching this film, one can only say Thank God for Shaebia! (the
nickname for the Eritrean government, meaning the people in Arabic), who
would never allow such crimes to be inflicted on the Eritrean people. NGO's,
the UN, and especially the western aid agencies are all out to keep Africa
and the African people in submission to the western interests, and one cant
but help see this in the film.
This film is definitely one of the best in years, actually the best I can
remember. Definitely for Eri-TV to show TWICE!
Selam and rain for Eritrea,
Thomas C. Mountain

http://www.commondreams.org/headlines05/0911-05.htm
Published on Sunday, September 11, 2005 by the Observer/UK

Diseases of Rich Deprive Poor of Drugs

by Anushka Asthana

The world's poorest people are being denied access to drugs because 
pharmaceutical companies are focusing their resources on diseases 
suffered by wealthy, middle-aged Americans, such as obesity and heart 
disease, a leading expert will say tomorrow.

Dr David Rhodes, the Health Protection Agency's (HPA) head of 
business development, will claim that spiraling costs are driving 
firms to invest primarily in drugs that tackle diseases of 'older 
Americans'.

As a result, the international market has been flooded with medicines 
to treat 'American diseases' such as high blood pressure, obesity, 
heart disease and cancer, while drugs to tackle tuberculosis, malaria 
and water-borne diseases prevalent in the poorest countries have been 
neglected.

Presenting his research at the HPA's annual conference tomorrow, 
Rhodes will show that more and more pharmaceutical companies are 
moving their headquarters to the US in search of profits. Once there, 
they pump money into treatments that help the local population to 
live longer.

'Drugs and vaccines are becoming phenomenally expensive to develop,' 
said Rhodes. 'Companies have to recoup their investments by selling 
the drugs and vaccines. To be economic, they need a large population 
and the price has to be high. That increasingly means that drugs are 
developed for older Americans, who are getting healthier and living 
longer.'

Costs are soaring, added Rhodes, because of extensive safety and 
efficacy testing and the fact that many drugs that show 'early 
promise' never make it through the checks.

As such, companies looking to be 'economic' shift resources to meet 
the needs - and benefit from the profits - of the biggest spenders. 
'The US tend to get the first bite of the cherry,' admitted Rhodes.

He said the trend had led to a 'vicious' circle in the poorest 
countries of 'low economic growth leading to poor healthcare systems, 
creating a higher burden of disease which in turn affects the ability 
of the population to develop economically'. But while sub-Saharan 
Africa is heavily affected, China and India's strong investment in 
their pharmaceutical industry has seen health improvements and 
economic bonuses that will in turn attract investment back.

Nevertheless, with many private companies turning their back on the 
developing world, Rhodes said research was heavily dependent on 
philanthropic funding and government backing.

He welcomed the International Finance Facility for Immunization - the 
funding arm of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization - 
that was launched on Friday. The group has pledged to raise $4 
billion (£2.2bn) for an immunization program in the developing world.

© Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005


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Re: [Biofuel] solar heat exchanger

2005-09-28 Thread Tom Scheel

A viable solar installation has solar collection, heat exchange, and storage.

I've proposed a system that combines heat exchange and storage, thus giving you efficiency of design. The storage tank and the draindown tank can be the same tank, thus removing a maintainance/failure item (glycol - which likes to leak, is less efficient than water as a heat transfer medium, costs $8/gallon (in the US)). Plus you are saving time as it looks like you are hunting around and experimenting with low percentage ideas (PVC/CPVC = PITA).

The proposed system does require a pump (you should be able to use two circulators in series - read your pump sizing charts). As to "DHW through excessive piping" - I presume you are talking about pressure drop. That is solved by taking your 3/4" supply and running it throughthree 1/2" loops in your heat exchanger. And you are only adding 100 to 120 feet of run, so the pressure drop should be manageable (even if you kept it a single 3/4" loop in the heat exhanger.

Tom

Ken wrote:

Tom,Does a drain down system simplify anything other than the heatexchanger and eliminate the use of glycol? Or course, you're addingthe drain down. It almost seems like a wash (there is a pun in theresomewhere, I'm sure). I would like to use my solar hot water forspace heating as well - either radiant heat or with a liquid to airheat exchanger and blower. Either way, I think I'd prefer a closedloop so that I'm not pumping DHW through excessive piping.Am I missing something else? If the goal is to keep it simple, do two things differently than you are contemplating: 1 - make your heat exchanger by putting multiple loops of coiled copper in a polypropylene tank - at most you will need soldering skill if you want to break up a 3/4 or 1" flow into multiple 1/2" coils (surface area = good). One logical loop for (may be many loops of a smaller pipe diameter) for
the load (ie DHW or hydronic heat) and (2 below) 2 - use a "drain down" open system instead of glycol. This allows you to use water everywhere. A pump (not a circulator) pumps the water up to your rooftop collectors when the system senses available heat (standard, cheap solar differential controls) and gravity drains it down when the system is not in use [this method requires that the panels be above the storage tank and that the pipes exposed to freezing are graded towards the storage tank - usually very easy to do] Note that the PP tank in step one above is the drain down tank and storage tank for your hot water (they can be separated if desired, and a larger tank/multiple tanks will provide additional storage, which is the key to effective solar hydronic installations). So you end up with one (open system) tank full of hot water from the sun, heating your
coils of copper, containing the water from your (closed system) DHW. Similar technique (add a logical coil) for the hyrdonic side. Just make sure you don't always "preheat" your hydronic -sometimes the return water from your heating system will be hotter than your solar storage - you need a control to tell you whether there is heat available for the hyrdonic system (not an issue for preheating DHW - your solar storage temp will be almost always be above your groundwater temp).Radiance Heating and Plumbing, Inc. (ROC 204149,204150)Tom Scheel928-380-6294___
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Re: [Biofuel] reprocessing biodiesel

Hi Tom, Todd

Todd,
  I reprocessed a 95L batch using 10% methanol and 3.5 g NaOH/liter as
per JTF.
 I recall having the same question you pose re: the lye.
I simply followed the instructions given at JtF and slightly more than a
gallon of additional glycerine mix separated out. The reprocessed BD washed
beautifully w/o emulsion and after three washings and a few days drying in
the sun was crystal clear and ready to use.

Good!

You asked:
 Won't that cause washing problems because of the additional NaOH
causing an emulsification?

 I wondered about that myself, so before reprocessing the entire batch I
first washed the 1L BD produced by the quality test. It went well so I
proceeded to wash the remaining 95L. (stir washing as per JtF)
  As I understand it, soap and/or unreacted glycerides are the cause of
emulsions. Perhaps lye itself, in the absence of water, does not cause
emulsions.

  Though a newbie myself, I thought that I would pass along my
experience w. reprocessing. Maybe someone more knowledgable about the
reaction can fill us in on the mystery of the excess lye.

I'll try, but I'm no chemist.

Lye makes soap out of glycerides and FFA, but once you've reprocessed 
the biodiesel there's not much glycerides and FFA left to make soap 
out of, nor emulsifers either, it's all gone with the extra glycerine 
mix that dropped out, along with most of the excess lye, if any. You 
can wash the rest of the lye out without problems with soap or 
emulsifiers. As indeed you did.

... Or something like that anyway...

HTH

 Follow the directions at JtF and proceed with confidence.

Thanks for your confidence. :-)

Best wishes

Keith


 Tom

- Original Message -
From: Todd Hershberger [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Sent: Thursday, September 22, 2005 9:54 AM
Subject: [Biofuel] reprocessing biodiesel


 I tested some biodiesel after processing it by treating it as new
  virgin oil and some additional glycerine dropped out.  My questions are-
 
  Do I use 10% methanol and 3.5 g NaOH/liter per JTF to reprocess?
 
  Won't that cause washing problems because of the additional NaOH
  causing an emulsification?
 
  Thanks for helping a newbie,
  Todd


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Re: [Biofuel] Running Toyota Landcruiser (HDJ80) on WVO?

2005-09-28 Thread Greg and April

Did you have to change the gaskets and fuel line?The reason I ask, it
that I have a '85 BJ60.

Greg H.

- Original Message - 
From: Scott Brown [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Sent: Sunday, September 25, 2005 10:34
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Running Toyota Landcruiser (HDJ80) on WVO?


 Julian

 I have been running B100 in my 1986 BJ74 Land Cruiser ( four cylinder
turbo
 diesel ) for two years now and
 have noticed only positive differences ( less noise, smooth idle, etc ).
It
 actually seems to have more power.
 I have been buying commercially made biodiesel so the quality is
 consistently high.

 Scott



 - Original Message - 
 From: Julian Voelcker [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
 Sent: Sunday, September 25, 2005 1:00 AM
 Subject: [Biofuel] Running Toyota Landcruiser (HDJ80) on WVO?


  An enterprising local farmer has started making and selling 100%
  Biodiesel from WVO (Waste Vegetable Oil) and is selling it for 85pence
  per litre (about 10-15% less than we normally pay for diesel here in
  the UK).
 
  Has anyone here experimented with running their HDJ80 on WVO?
 
  Initial research indicates that it should run fine, but I would
  appreciate some feedback from anyone actually running the stuff in
  their 80.
  --
  Regards,
 
  Julian Voelcker
  Mobile: 07971 540362
  Cirencester, United Kingdom
  1994 HDJ80, 2.5 OME Lift
 
 
 
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Re: [Biofuel] Polaris as heat exchanger (was solar heat exchanger...)

2005-09-28 Thread Tom Scheel

The Polaris flue is a 2" diameter heat exhanger. That is how the Polaris achieves 95%+ efficiency ratings. That is the good news. The bad news is that the source of that heat is that 100k+ BTU gas burner you tossed out. So you will not get the short recovery times. What is your square footage of collector? (you would need roughly ten 4'X10' panels to match the oringal 100k BTU (not suggesting you do that, especially given that your heat exchanger can't exchange that much heat)). You will need to move more GPM (gallons per minute) than "normal" becuase of the large flue size. And your post identified the biggest problem, your surface area per volume is low (surface area=good). All of that said,I can't say it won't work. Please update on your progress/results.

HiI have been following this thread. My plan for the heat exchange between the solar collector and the potable hot water system is to modify a discarded gas fired Polaris hotwater heater. The tank of this hotwater heater is made of stainless. I have pulled out all the gas burner guts out of it, made a plate to close off the bottom of the heater end. I hope to acheive the heat tranfer by circulating hot water from the collectors throught the flue of this tank. this setup does not leak but I am not sure how well it will work as a heat exchanger as the surface area of the flue is not all that large.stanRadiance Heating and Plumbing, Inc. (ROC 204149,204150)Tom Scheel928-380-6294___
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Re: [Biofuel] windfall tax on big oil

2005-09-28 Thread Terry Dyck

There should be no government subsidies to oil companies, gas taxes should 
go to research into alternative energies.

Terry Dyck

From: Mike Weaver [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Reply-To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] windfall tax on big oil
Date: Sun, 25 Sep 2005 17:31:14 -0400

What's the point?  The US just gave big oil a huge gift in the energy
bill to promote more production.  I think this discussion
just points out that they didn't really need it.  It was a gift from us
working stiffs to W's buddies in the industry.  They need more money?
What if we had sent that money to alternative energy research...

Bede wrote:

 in a way fuel tax and sales tax, are the few inescable taxes,
 There's no way you can dodge them!
 that said in reality America isn't paying anywhere close to what the rest
 of the world is per gallon.

 I'm a little skeptical of the need to tax in order to create new products
 for some one else to make money of.

 that said if people such as ford or GM started making the kinds of cars
 people actually wanted well then they wouldn't be poor financial position
 they are today.

 taxing a corporate is like trying to swat mosquitoes in the middle of the
 night.

 Why not put a tax on poor fuel economy cars like the H2?

 -Original Message-
 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Mike Weaver
 Sent: Monday, September 26, 2005 3:42 AM
 To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
 Subject: Re: [Biofuel] windfall tax on big oil

 Fight back - don't buy a gas hog.

 SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) -- A majority of Americans
 are convinced they're being gouged at the gas pump,
 and many support a tax on oil companies' profits to
 fund research into alternative energy sources, according
 to a new survey.

 Derick Giorchino wrote:

 Have no fear big brother will figure a way to filter a large % or 
possibly
 all of the revenues for some new pay hike or something stupid. Something
 like social security or road tax on California fuel doesn't go where it 
is
 designated.

 -Original Message-
 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of

 Alt.EnergyNetwork

 Sent: Friday, September 23, 2005 8:20 AM
 To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
 Subject: [Biofuel] windfall tax on big oil

 Consumers feel gouged on gas: poll - U.S. drivers cry foul and support
 oil-company tax

 http://tinyurl.com/8m6pp

 Consumers feel gouged on gas: poll
 U.S. drivers cry foul and support oil-company tax

 SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) -- A majority of Americans
 are convinced they're being gouged at the gas pump,
 and many support a tax on oil companies' profits to
 fund research into alternative energy sources, according
 to a new survey.

 Eighty-seven percent of U.S. consumers said oil companies
 are gouging them on gas prices, according to the telephone
 survey of 1,019 adults in mid-September by Opinion Research
 Corp. for the Civil Society Institute, a Newton Centre,
 Mass.-based non-profit advocacy group.

 The Institute, funded by donations and foundation grants,
 supports a variety of initiatives, including 40mpg.org,
 which aims to make 40 miles per gallon the standard for
 all U.S. cars.

 Another 7% said very little price gouging is going
 on, 4% said it's not happening at all, and 3% weren't
 sure. The survey has a margin of error of plus, or minus,
 3 percentage points at a 95% confidence level.

 The belief in price gouging was consistent across party
 lines, with 82% of Republicans pointing to some or
 a great deal of price gouging, 91% of Democrats doing
 so, and 87% of independents.

 Many consumers appear ready to gouge right back: 79% of
 those surveyed said they support a tax on oil company's
 profits if the money collected goes to research on
 alternative energy sources.

 That sentiment crossed political lines to a large extent,
 with 83% of Democrats, 76% of Republicans and 81% of
 independents supporting such a tax to fuel research on
 alternative energy sources.

 But there was less overall support for such a tax to fund
 other initiatives: Just 53% of the respondents support
 a tax on oil company profits to fund a direct rebate to
 U.S. drivers, while 70% support the tax to fund wetlands
 restoration in the Gulf Coast to lessen damage from future
 hurricanes. (The survey offered only those three possible
 purposes for the hypothetical tax revenues.)

 Confluence of factors

 Consumers' cry of price gouging, and apparent willingness
 to embrace alternative energy sources appears sparked by
 a confluence of factors, said Pam Solo, president and
 founder of the Civil Society Institute, in a telephone
 press conference.

 There are several strains of concern converging for people,
 she said, including steeply higher gas prices, the U.S.'s
 reliance on foreign oil, and global warming.

 Americans have seen ... too little action from Washington
 on energy prices,

Re: [Biofuel] Polaris as heat exchanger (was solar heat exchanger...)

On the positive side, circulating hot water through the flue should
increase heat transfer rate considerably compared to the original
design as an air to liquid heat exhanger.  But the hot water from the
collectors are also much lower temperature than flue gasses.  I'm
interested in hearing the results too.

On 9/28/05, Tom Scheel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 The Polaris flue is a 2 diameter heat exhanger. That is how the Polaris
 achieves 95%+ efficiency ratings. That is the good news. The bad news is
 that the source of that heat is that 100k+ BTU gas burner you tossed out. So
 you will not get the short recovery times. What is your square footage of
 collector? (you would need roughly ten 4'X10' panels to match the oringal
 100k BTU (not suggesting you do that, especially given that your heat
 exchanger can't exchange that much heat)). You will need to move more GPM
 (gallons per minute) than normal becuase of the large flue size. And your
 post identified the biggest problem, your surface area per volume is low
 (surface area=good). All of that said, I can't say it won't work. Please
 update on your progress/results.

 Hi

 I have been following this thread.  My plan for the heat exchange
 between the solar collector and the potable hot water system is to
 modify a discarded gas fired Polaris hotwater heater.  The tank of this
 hotwater heater is made of stainless.  I have pulled out all the gas
 burner guts out of it, made a plate  to close off the bottom of the
 heater end.  I hope to acheive the heat tranfer by circulating hot water
 from the collectors throught the flue of this tank.  this setup does not
 leak but I am not sure how well it will work as a heat exchanger as the
 surface area of the flue is not all that large.

 stan


 Radiance Heating and Plumbing, Inc. (ROC 204149,204150)
 Tom Scheel
 928-380-6294
 ___
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 Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000
 messages):
 http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/





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Re: [Biofuel] Constant Gardener; The best film in years, exposes western crimes in africa

Hi Keith;

If you thought that was a film worth seeing you should also check out 
the film Darwin's Nightmare which documents the story of the 
introduction of the Nile Perch to Lake Victoria and how remote slavery 
works for europeans while they enjoy cheap fish and try not to know 
about how weapons trickle in to Africa in the bargain. In a parallel 
thread the human flesh trade is exposed and how the catholic church 
turns a blind eye and encourages the spread of HIV.  A hard film to 
watch but again one everyone should see.

Joe

Keith Addison wrote:

My wife and I saw the film Constant Gardener last night and would highly
recommend it to all  citizens of the world. The film, starring Ralph
Fiennes, is based on the Le Carre book of the same name, and is about how
the western drug companies use Africa as a testing ground for their
experimental drugs, and cause death and suffering in the process when toxic
side effects to their imperfect formulas start killing people.
The best part of the whole film is that it showed just how ruthless and
murderous the drug companies were in protecting their multi million dollar
investments and didnt try to have a happy ending. The film showed how the
highest levels of western government know of these crimes and are complicit
in the cover up.

  



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Re: [Biofuel] Polaris as heat exchanger (was solar heat exchanger...)





One thing you might consider is a way to enhance the thermal transfer
efficiency by lowering the thermal resistance. If you plan to run
copper pipe through the flue consider attaching it to the surface. I
have used metal filled epoxy to glue copper tubing to stainless. It
worked well. I was using this as a condenser in a home made soxhlet.
In your case there may be a problem with mismatches in the coefficient
of thermal expansion between the copper, the epoxy and the iron of the
tank which may crack the epoxy (I am thinking outloud and do not know
for sure but it is a possiblility). I think the glass transition
temperature of the epoxy would be somewhere around 80 deg C or so but
you may be ok fer a domestic hotwater application. If I was doing this
I would line the surface of the flue with copper pipes glued in and
then fill the hollow space remaining in the center with glass fiber to
eliminate convective air currents up the middle which would rob heat
from the system..
Just a thought.

Joe

Zeke Yewdall wrote:

  On the positive side, circulating hot water through the flue should
increase heat transfer rate considerably compared to the original
design as an air to liquid heat exhanger.  But the hot water from the
collectors are also much lower temperature than flue gasses.  I'm
interested in hearing the results too.

On 9/28/05, Tom Scheel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  
  
The Polaris flue is a 2" diameter heat exhanger. That is how the Polaris
achieves 95%+ efficiency ratings. That is the good news. The bad news is
that the source of that heat is that 100k+ BTU gas burner you tossed out. So
you will not get the short recovery times. What is your square footage of
collector? (you would need roughly ten 4'X10' panels to match the oringal
100k BTU (not suggesting you do that, especially given that your heat
exchanger can't exchange that much heat)). You will need to move more GPM
(gallons per minute) than "normal" becuase of the large flue size. And your
post identified the biggest problem, your surface area per volume is low
(surface area=good). All of that said, I can't say it won't work. Please
update on your progress/results.

Hi

I have been following this thread.  My plan for the heat exchange
between the solar collector and the potable hot water system is to
modify a discarded gas fired Polaris hotwater heater.  The tank of this
hotwater heater is made of stainless.  I have pulled out all the gas
burner guts out of it, made a plate  to close off the bottom of the
heater end.  I hope to acheive the heat tranfer by circulating hot water
from the collectors throught the flue of this tank.  this setup does not
leak but I am not sure how well it will work as a heat exchanger as the
surface area of the flue is not all that large.

stan


Radiance Heating and Plumbing, Inc. (ROC 204149,204150)
Tom Scheel
928-380-6294
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Re: [Biofuel] US army plans to bulk-buy anthrax

The reality is if the DOD wanted to cover it up it be a Black Op and
the components would be purchased under 50 different departments and the
CDC would be buying all the controversial stuff.

Maybe, maybe not. That's not the reality, it's just your conjecture.

Remember the F-117 and B2 were build by 10's of thousands of people,
costing 10's of billions, and not one significant leak.

Sorry, what's this got to do with it? What does it mean anyway, not 
one significant leak? What didn't leak? The whole world knew about 
the F-117 and B2 and what they were intended for. And what they cost 
- at one time it was slang in the financial world, 1 Stealth = $1 
billion. That was when they were still cheap. (They're not that good 
anyway, according to the GAO, serious shortcomings.) Anyway, it's 
thought by some that the high cost of the B2, the most expensive 
plane ever at $2.2 bn, was a cover for, uh, black ops. Is that what 
didn't get leaked by 10's of thousands of people?

Best wishes

Keith


Mark

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Zeke Yewdall
Sent: Tuesday, September 27, 2005 2:16 PM
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] US army plans to bulk-buy anthrax


Yes, there are legitimate and good purposes to all of their plans.
But based on history I think we can trust the US DOD to ignore the uses
you have pointed out which could save lives, and focus on killing
people.

On 9/27/05, John Hayes [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  Keith Addison posted an article which said:
   Although the Sterne strain is not thought to be harmful to humans
   and is used for vaccination, the contracts have caused major
   concern.
 
  So the ability to grow this a non-lethal strain to make a vaccine that

  could save thousands or tens of thousands of lives is a bad thing?
 
   for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation in Washington DC. If one can

   grow the Sterne strain in these units, one could also grow the Ames
   strain, which is quite lethal.
 
  Yes. And a knife can be used to cut up veggies for dinner or it could
  be used to stab someone. A car can take you to work or mow down a car
  full of pedestrians. An Xray machine can find your cavities or deliver

  a lethal dose. We're talking about a tool here, nothing more. Tools
  may enable good or bad acts but they are not inherently good or bad.
 
  More suscintly, Could is a long way from will.
 
   The US renounced biological weapons in 1969, but small quantities of

   lethal anthrax were still being produced at Dugway as recently as
   1998.
 
  Sorta hard to do research on vaccines, decontamination, and
  countermeasures without samples.
 
  Flu researchers keep samples of the 1918 strain around. My wife's old
  lab kept samples of listeria moncytogenes and e.coli 0157:H7 around. I

  worked in a lab where we grew a freshwater algae that produced the
  nerve toxin saxitoxin. It means nothing. Keeping and growing dangerous

  strains of pathogens is utterly unremarkable behavior for a research
  lab.
 
   It is not known what use the biological agents will be put to. They
   could be used to test procedures to decontaminate vehicles or
   buildings, or to test an agent defeat warhead designed to destroy
   stores of chemical and biological weapons.
 
  The post office sorting facility that was contaminated with anthrax in

  2001 is ten miles from my house. Most of my mail probably goes through

  that facility. Personally, I *want* the government doing research on
  the best way to decontaminate buildings. This is a good thing.
 
   There are even fears that they could be used to determine how
   effectively anthrax is dispersed when released from bombs or
   crop-spraying aircraft. I can definitely see them testing
   biological weapons delivery systems for threat assessment, says
   Hammond.
 
  Seems to me like a good understanding of delivery systems could save
  plenty of lives in a crisis. If midtown Manhattan got hit with
  anthrax, should you evacuate 5 blocks or 50? Does it matter how the
  anthrax was delivered? Good understanding these issues could save lots

  of lives.
 
  Anyway, as you might have guessed by now, I think this is non-story
  that is using emotion to drum up concern over something that isn't a
  big deal. Such emotion, energy and outrage should be saved for
  pressing issues that actually matter.
 
  jh


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Re: [Biofuel] US army plans to bulk-buy anthrax

Not to be too much of a conspiracy theorist, but if you were trying to
increase funding for your bioterrorism department, don't you think it
might work great if someone internal leaked a little anthrax through
the postal system, and created a big hullabuloo, which would get
congress in gear to give them money ???

I'm not even saying this was bad if it was what happened -- they could
have recognized the danger of bioterrorism and been frustrated that
congress and the president would do nothing about it, sort of like the
current situation with chemical plants in the US, and figured that
killing a few people in order to kick start the political process and
eventually potentially save many more people was worth it.



David Franz, a former commander of USAMRIID
who earlier this year said of the anthrax campaign: I think a lot of
good has come from it. From a biological or a medical
standpoint, we've now five people who have died, but we've put
about $6bn in our budget into defending against bioterrorism.

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Re: [Biofuel] windfall tax on big oil

2005-09-28 Thread Mike Weaver

The US taxpayer really doesn't have lobbyists working for them.

Terry Dyck wrote:

There should be no government subsidies to oil companies, gas taxes should 
go to research into alternative energies.

Terry Dyck


  

From: Mike Weaver [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Reply-To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] windfall tax on big oil
Date: Sun, 25 Sep 2005 17:31:14 -0400

What's the point?  The US just gave big oil a huge gift in the energy
bill to promote more production.  I think this discussion
just points out that they didn't really need it.  It was a gift from us
working stiffs to W's buddies in the industry.  They need more money?
What if we had sent that money to alternative energy research...

Bede wrote:



in a way fuel tax and sales tax, are the few inescable taxes,
There's no way you can dodge them!
that said in reality America isn't paying anywhere close to what the rest
of the world is per gallon.

I'm a little skeptical of the need to tax in order to create new products
for some one else to make money of.

that said if people such as ford or GM started making the kinds of cars
people actually wanted well then they wouldn't be poor financial position
they are today.

taxing a corporate is like trying to swat mosquitoes in the middle of the
night.

Why not put a tax on poor fuel economy cars like the H2?

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Mike Weaver
Sent: Monday, September 26, 2005 3:42 AM
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] windfall tax on big oil


Fight back - don't buy a gas hog.

SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) -- A majority of Americans
are convinced they're being gouged at the gas pump,
and many support a tax on oil companies' profits to
fund research into alternative energy sources, according
to a new survey.



Derick Giorchino wrote:



  

Have no fear big brother will figure a way to filter a large % or 


possibly


all of the revenues for some new pay hike or something stupid. Something
like social security or road tax on California fuel doesn't go where it 


is


designated.





-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of




Alt.EnergyNetwork


  

Sent: Friday, September 23, 2005 8:20 AM
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Subject: [Biofuel] windfall tax on big oil




Consumers feel gouged on gas: poll - U.S. drivers cry foul and support
oil-company tax

http://tinyurl.com/8m6pp


Consumers feel gouged on gas: poll
U.S. drivers cry foul and support oil-company tax


SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) -- A majority of Americans
are convinced they're being gouged at the gas pump,
and many support a tax on oil companies' profits to
fund research into alternative energy sources, according
to a new survey.

Eighty-seven percent of U.S. consumers said oil companies
are gouging them on gas prices, according to the telephone
survey of 1,019 adults in mid-September by Opinion Research
Corp. for the Civil Society Institute, a Newton Centre,
Mass.-based non-profit advocacy group.

The Institute, funded by donations and foundation grants,
supports a variety of initiatives, including 40mpg.org,
which aims to make 40 miles per gallon the standard for
all U.S. cars.

Another 7% said very little price gouging is going
on, 4% said it's not happening at all, and 3% weren't
sure. The survey has a margin of error of plus, or minus,
3 percentage points at a 95% confidence level.

The belief in price gouging was consistent across party
lines, with 82% of Republicans pointing to some or
a great deal of price gouging, 91% of Democrats doing
so, and 87% of independents.

Many consumers appear ready to gouge right back: 79% of
those surveyed said they support a tax on oil company's
profits if the money collected goes to research on
alternative energy sources.

That sentiment crossed political lines to a large extent,
with 83% of Democrats, 76% of Republicans and 81% of
independents supporting such a tax to fuel research on
alternative energy sources.

But there was less overall support for such a tax to fund
other initiatives: Just 53% of the respondents support
a tax on oil company profits to fund a direct rebate to
U.S. drivers, while 70% support the tax to fund wetlands
restoration in the Gulf Coast to lessen damage from future
hurricanes. (The survey offered only those three possible
purposes for the hypothetical tax revenues.)

Confluence of factors

Consumers' cry of price gouging, and apparent willingness
to embrace alternative energy sources appears sparked by
a confluence of factors, said Pam Solo, president and
founder of the Civil Society Institute, in a telephone
press conference.

There are several strains of concern converging for people,
she said, including steeply higher gas prices, the U.S.'s
reliance on foreign oil, and global warming.

Americans have seen ... too little action from Washington

Re: [Biofuel] ethanol method

2005-09-28 Thread bob allen

Hi Kieth,

Keith Addison wrote:
 Hello Bob
 
   snip



 
 I'd much like to know more about why ethyl esters is so difficult, 
 but people do get it to work. How are they getting round this problem?


the short answer is I don't know. I've communicating with those having 
success, and read the papers of successful procedures.  My answer as to 
why the reaction shouldn't work is obviously wrong.  There is more to be 
considered than the simple equilibrium I wrote about.  Particularly, 
there is an issue of reactivity.  Ethoxide, albeit present at lower 
concentrations than hydroxide, is more reactive (nucleophilic). These 
properties, concentration and reactivity offset, so the reaction 
proceeds.  I still think yields are lower even under the best of 
circumstances with ethanol than methanol.


Overall the production of ethyl esters seems to require a lot more 
precision than making methyl esters.  I made one attempt with ethyl 
ester synthesis, got no separation initially (base catalyzed method), 
and gave it up. My attention now is simply to train students in lab 
scale preparations and next week start a series of community workshops.


I too would like to hear more from successful ethyl ester producers as 
to the the differences in methyl and ethyl ester preparation, 'cause 
right now I am about as clueless as anyone else.





 Here's the ethyl esters section of our website:
 
 http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html#ethylester
 Make your own biodiesel - page 2: Ethyl esters -- making ethanol biodiesel
 
 There are links there to four studies in the Biofuels Library. The 
 first one is from the report Tom is using:
 
 Optimization of a Batch Type Ethyl Ester Process -- Charles Peterson 
 et al., University of Idaho, 1996
 http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/ethyl_esters.html
 
 Production and Testing of Ethyl and Methyl Esters, University of 
 Idaho, Dec 1994.
 http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/EthylMethylEsters.html
 
 Transesterification Process to Manufacture Ethyl Ester of Rape Oil, 
 University of Idaho (Acrobat file, 672Kb)
 http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/EthylEsterofRapeOil.pdf
 
 Making and Testing a Biodiesel Fuel Made From Ethanol and Waste 
 French-Fry Oil, University of Idaho (Acrobat file, 2.4Mb)
 http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/EthylWVO.pdf
 
 Could you shed any light on how they're getting round the equilibrium problem?
 
 Best wishes
 
 Keith
 
 
 
Tom Irwin wrote: Hi Bob,

I use density to determine the purity of the ethanol and a mass 
balance to check on my 3A regeneration technique. I have a fairly 
good Metler balance (PR 203) that reads to the third decimal place 
so should be accurate to the second. The procedure I'm trying to 
duplicate is the one on JTF.

Ethyl Ester Process Scale-up and Biodegradability of Biodiesel

FINAL REPORT, No. 303, November 1996

For the United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State 
Research Service, Cooperative Agreement No. 93-COOP-1-8627

University of Idaho, College of Agriculture, the University of Idaho.

Is another method more reliable?



Tom Irwin





From: bob allen [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org
Sent: Thu, 15 Sep 2005 20:17:27 -0300
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] ethanol method

Tom, two questions, 1. how do you know the ethanol is being dried? 
and 2. what procedure are you
using for bioD from ethanol?
Tom Irwin wrote:

Hi Bob and all,

I seem to be having fairly good success drying 95% ethanol with 3A
molecular sieve. I still have horrible problems making BioD with 100%
ethanol (purchased)but I¬¥m still working on it.

Tom Irwin


*From:* bob allen 

[mailto:javascript:kh6k0(new,[EMAIL PROTECTED])[EMAIL PROTECTED]

*To:* 

javascript:kh6k0(new,Biofuel@sustainablelists.org)[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
nablelists.org

*Sent:* Thu, 15 Sep 2005 18:23:08 -0300
*Subject:* Re: [Biofuel] ethanol method

It is not easy, due to the fact that ethoxide, can't be made by the
combination of sodium or potassium hydroxide and ethanol, as one does
with base plus methanol to form methoxide. It can be done however via
alternative ways of making the ethoxide:

K + EtOH --- K(+) (-)OEt + 1/2 H2

KH + EtOH --- K(+) (-)OEt + H2

(don't try this at home- wildly flammable materials involved)


or for someone with good laboratory skills:

combine EtOH (absolute) + KOH, then distill off 95% Ethanol/5% water
azeotrope to remove water, shifting the equilibrium to form the
ethoxide
ion.


The problem is that you remove a lot of ethanol to get a small amt of
water out. (there are ways to recover absolute ethanol via a ternary
azeotrope, but I seriously doubt if it is either cost or energy
effective.



Kuba-tlen wrote:

Does anybody know how to do a biofuel usin ethanol? I mean 92%

ethanol,

not dry ethanol. I've read that it is possible. O maybe somebody

knows

how to easily dry ethanol?

--

Re: [Biofuel] New question on oil seed crops and ley farming

2005-09-28 Thread Andres Yver

Hi Kim,

A Tibetan Rinpoche visiting Synergia Ranch in Santa Fe once, was told
of a gopher infestation in the fruit orchard, and asked something about
the morals of killing, since noisemakers had not worked.
His reply: Rodent infestations must be dealt with.
It was pretty clear he had no qualms about exterminating them. He also ate meat for the same reasons as the Dalai Lama.
Yes, rabbits are really hard. So far, i've been copping out by giving them away.
Just how, exactly, do you kill your steers?
Thanks,

Andres
On 9/27/05, Garth  Kim Travis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Greetings,I too kill my own animals, we put their names on the package of meat andremember them when we eat them, giving thanks for their lifeenergies.Even the Dali Lama is only vegetarian half the time, as the
stress of traveling weakens him too much on a strict vegetarian diet.Manyof us get sick not eating meat.Now, I am not saying that I need a 16ounce steak for dinner every night, and I do not eat factory farmed meat,
cause that will make me sick, too.For some of us, we see the spiritualconnection between the animal and ourselves, when we eat it, and treat thewhole thing in a spiritual manner.I talk to my animals and thank them for their life energies before I kill
them.I wish them a longer and happier life in their next incarnation, andthey stay very calm, stand still and let me kill them.Chickens are the easiest animal to kill, rabbits the hardest, for me.
Bright Blessings,KimAt 03:15 PM 9/27/2005, you wrote:On Tuesday, September 27, 2005, at 03:32 PM, Mike Weaver wrote:  I can't kill anything anymore, except chickens. I hate chickens.But I
  live live in the 'burbs so there are no chickens anyhow.My dad tells  stories of his chilhood in Arkansas and pig killing, which they did  from  November - January. I'm pretty much a vegetarian anyhow these days.
I feel that if i'm to eat meat, i should kill the animal myself. Keepseverything in perspective. I bet that if everyone had to personallykill up close and personal to eat, there would be a lot more
vegetarians (which i have been, on and off).andres___Biofuel mailing list
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Re: [Biofuel] US army plans to bulk-buy anthrax

2005-09-28 Thread Appal Energy

So Zeke,

You're ...not even saying this was bad if it was what happened...

So it's okay for civilians to make battlefield decisions in peace time 
- decisions that effectively discount some human life in lieu of a 
theoretically greater good?

How about we move your name to the top of the list of human sacrifice?  
Don't forget to include your home and cell phone numbers so they won't 
have a problem getting in touch with you to relay the location where you 
can begin the trip to your final destination the next time some yayhoo 
decides that killing people is okay so that we won't have to see other 
people die

You must have not only missed Sunday school on a regular basis, but the 
episode from the original Star Trek series that dealt with precisely 
such a thing.

Zeke Yewdall. Attention Zeke Yewdall. Please report to your 
designatited sacrificial altar. Zeke Yewdall.

Todd Swearingen


Not to be too much of a conspiracy theorist, but if you were trying to
increase funding for your bioterrorism department, don't you think it
might work great if someone internal leaked a little anthrax through
the postal system, and created a big hullabuloo, which would get
congress in gear to give them money ???

I'm not even saying this was bad if it was what happened -- they could
have recognized the danger of bioterrorism and been frustrated that
congress and the president would do nothing about it, sort of like the
current situation with chemical plants in the US, and figured that
killing a few people in order to kick start the political process and
eventually potentially save many more people was worth it.



  

David Franz, a former commander of USAMRIID
who earlier this year said of the anthrax campaign: I think a lot of
good has come from it. From a biological or a medical
standpoint, we've now five people who have died, but we've put
about $6bn in our budget into defending against bioterrorism.



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Re: [Biofuel] US army plans to bulk-buy anthrax