Recent exchanges between Mr. Rothwell and Mr. Wesley concerning the topic of "Absolute Truth" brings to mind a terrible trap I believe we all must be careful not to fall into: Subscribing to the Knowledge of the Gods.
Mr. Wesley reminds us that we have recently lived in an age where "Atheism used guns to attempt to enforce its will." (Germany, WWII and Nazism, of course, comes to mind.) However, Mr. Wesley goes on to state that "Christians like me don't mind the harmless atheists." ...and I'm not going to let such an arrogant conjecture stand unchallenged. The sword that yields the Knowledge of the Gods is a double-edged one. It's easy to substitute the philosophy of "Atheism" with any god-fearing brand of religion and, going back through history, find EXACTLY the same despicable carnage performed on others. One of the best PBS TV programs I ever saw that dealt with this issue was authored by the late Jacob Browonski. I'm referring to the "The Ascent of Man" mini-series, first aired back in the 1970s. The particular installment that comes to mind is titled "Knowledge or Certainty." For reference see: http://ronrecord.com/Quotes/bronowski.html >From the "Knowledge or Certainty", an episode from the 1973 BBC series "The >Ascent of Man", transcribed by Evan Hunt: Quoting Jacob Bronowski: ---------------------------------------------------------- The Principle of Uncertainty is a bad name. In science--or outside of it--we are not uncertain; our knowledge is merely confined, within a certain tolerance. We should call it the Principle of Tolerance. And I propose that name in two senses: First, in the engineering sense--science has progressed, step by step, the most successful enterprise in the ascent of man, because it has understood that the exchange of information between man and nature, and man and man, can only take place with a certain tolerance. But second, I also use the word, passionately, about the real world. All knowledge--all information between human beings--can only be exchanged within a play of tolerance. And that is true whether the exchange is in science, or in literature, or in religion, or in politics, or in *any* form of thought that aspires to dogma. It's a major tragedy of my lifetime and yours that scientists were refining, to the most exquisite precision, the Principle of Tolerance--and turning their backs on the fact that all around them, tolerance was crashing to the ground beyond repair. The Principle of Uncertainty or, in my phrase, the Principle of Tolerance, fixed once for all the realization that all knowledge is limited. It is an irony of history that at the very time when this was being worked out there should rise, under Hitler in Germany and other tyrants elsewhere, a counter-conception: a principle of monstrous certainty. When the future looks back on the 1930s it will think of them as a crucial confrontation of culture as I have been expounding it, the ascent of man, against the throwback to the despots' belief that they have absolute certainty. It is said that science will dehumanize people and turn them into numbers. That is false: tragically false. Look for yourself. This is the concentration camp and crematorium at Auschwitz. [The viewer sees Bronowsky walk directly into the marshlands near Auschwitz where millions of Jews were cremated.] *This* is where people were turned into numbers. Into this pond were flushed the ashes of four million people. And that was not done by gas. It was done by arrogance. It was done by dogma. It was done by ignorance. When people believe that they have absolute knowledge, with no test in reality--this is how they behave. This is what men do when they aspire to the knowledge of gods. Science is a very human form of knowledge. We are always at the brink of the known; we always feel forward for what is to be hoped. Every judgment in science stands on the edge or error, and is personal. Science is a tribute to what we *can* know although we are fallible. In the end, the words were said by Oliver Cromwell: "I beseech you, in the bowels of Christ: Think it possible you may be mistaken." We have to cure ourselves of the itch for absolute knowledge and power. We have to close the distance between the push-button order and the human act. We have to *touch people*. ------------------------------------------------------- While Bronowski's essay was directed in the most immediate sense at the atrocities of Nazism his words accurately reflect the misdeeds any philosophy that subscribes to the Knowledge of the Gods, whether it is based on atheism or theism, can do to mankind. Arrogance is an equal opportunity employer. Regards, Steven Vincent Johnson www.OrionWorks.com
