Axil -- The equation you copied is jumbled. Can you produce it more clearly?
However, I think I understand that a few particles means a BEC can occur at room temperature--is that correct? Yoeng Kim must agree since his LENR theory does not require near 0 degrees K. Of course its hard to say what the temperature is in a vacuum or crack in a lattice. I would at least think electrons would be around and in thermal equilibrium with the lattice. Bob From: Axil Axil To: vortex-l Sent: Monday, March 10, 2014 1:30 PM Subject: Re: [Vo]:FYI: Extraordinary momentum and spin discovered in evanescent light waves http://www.phy-astr.gsu.edu/stockman/data/Li_Stockman_PRL_2013_Electric_Spaser.pdf Electric Spaser in the Extreme Quantum Limit The normal state of the SPP is BEC because of their low mass. In Bose-Einstein statistics the quantum concentration (particles per volume) is proportional to the total mass M of the system: Nq=(MkT/2πℏ2)3/2where k Boltzmann constant, T temperature In a nutshell, a very low mass means certainty in BEC formation. On Mon, Mar 10, 2014 at 3:24 PM, MarkI-Zeropoint <zeropo...@charter.net> wrote: Bob: Of the several possibilites which you presented, only a BEC would meet my definition of coherent. Any assemblage of 2 or more atoms above a few degrees K are very likely NOT coherent; or if coherency happens to occur in a localized region of condensed matter, it won't last long enough to violate the laws of physics/chemistry which have been developed based on the UNcoherent behavior which defines bulk condensed matter. I've posted numerous FYIs about peer-reviewed research over the years which support a physical model I have in mind. There was one that is particularly relevent to this topic of coherency... This research took two identical atoms and cooled them down to near-K. I believe they then introduced a quantum of heat. That quantum was absorbed by one of the atoms, causing it to begin shaking. They could do something to the system which caused the quantum of heat to transfer to the other atom, which began shaking, and the first became still. You must look at all atoms as oscillators which have a fundamental frequency which they want to get to; this may or may not be the same thing as the 'lowest energy state' used by the mainstream. When you remove all heat quanta from an assemblage of like atoms (oscillators), they will oscillate at the same frequency and will be in a state of coherency (which we call a BEC, "all wavefunctions overlapped). Add just ONE quantum of heat into that assemblage and it will combine with only one of the atoms, causing it to oscillate at a slightly different frequency, and it will be 'out-of-balance' so to speak and begin shaking... it wants to shed that quantum to get back to its fundamental freq, and if it does shed it, that quantum will get absorbed into another atom. So one can look at heat as individual packets of energy which are being absorbed and shed in extremely small time intervals by the atoms making up the bulk matter. Heat quanta are the 'hot-potatoes' of the atomic world getting caught and tossed constantly. To complicate matters further, throw in phonons and SPPs, possibly even 'spin', which potentially represent oscillators of a different 'flavor', and we now have a very very complicated system of potentially interacting oscillators. A further complication is that quanta of energy can ONLY be transferred between the different 'flavors' of oscillators if conditions are right. This may involve FrankZ's concept of a type of impedance-matching between the different types of oscillators. Given the above picture, is it any wonder that the probability of achieving even a small region of what I call coherency, for any significant length of time, in bulk matter is virtually nonexistent... and that would be the 'universe' which is explained by current laws of physics and chemistry. It also explains why LENR is so difficult to reproduce. Try shrinking yourself down to the size of a proton and enter a NAE... what would you see? One of the threads I started in the last year dealt with the inside of the NAE... It took awhile, but I think Ed finally acknowledged the fact that if the NAE (dislocation or 'micro-crack') was large enough, and no atoms entered it, it would be a perfect vacuum at 0K. Are there photons of heat constantly flying thru it? Who knows... perhaps the NAE boundaries present a higher barrier to atoms shedding heat quanta so the NAE remains pretty much a perfect vacuum until a H or D atom diffuses into it. Does that H or D atom then shed any heat quanta it has to join any others which have also entered the NAE. If so, then wouldn't they form, spontaneously, a BEC? -Mark On Mon, Mar 10, 2014 at 9:01 AM, Bob Cook wrote: Mark-- One of the issues is what is the extent of Coherency--I have been calling it coupling the material systems we know. Are crystals coherent?, are nano particles coherent?, are molecules coherent?, are BEC coherent?, are semiconductor resistors coherent? What in your experience defines the size of a coherent system? Bob rom: MarkI-ZeroPoint To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Sunday, March 09, 2014 11:11 PM Subject: RE: [Vo]:FYI: Extraordinary momentum and spin discovered in evanescent light waves “ However, on the basis of an old calculation by Belinfante [Physica 6 887 (1939)], it can be shown that the spin may be regarded as an angular momentum generated by a * circulating flow * of energy in the wave field of the electron.” This is at least somewhat understandable if one considers the vacuum as a near-frictionless fluid under extreme pressure… you cannot have ‘flow’ without a pressure differential. “ the spin of the electrons is entirely analogous to the angular momentum carried by a classical circularly polarized wave.” I commented on the importance of “coherence” in a posting several days ago… well, coherence involves not only a frequency component, but a polarization (or phase relationship) component. The bulk matter, or ‘chemistry’ that Dr. Storms has spent his life in, does NOT involve coherency… the laws that he is intimately familiar with do not involve systems where significant groups of atoms/electrons/SPP/??? are all coherently interacting… LENR will require a new set of laws for these regions of coherent entities. -Mark Iverson From: Axil Axil [mailto:janap...@gmail.com] Sent: Sunday, March 09, 2014 9:08 PM To: vortex-l Subject: Re: [Vo]:FYI: Extraordinary momentum and spin discovered in evanescent light waves http://jayryablon.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/ohanian-what-is-spin.pdf What is Spin? Am J. Phys. 54 (6) June 1986. The abstract is: According to the prevailing belief, the spin of the electron or some other particle is a mysterious internal angular momentum for which no concrete physical picture is available, and for which there is no classical analog. However, on the basis of an old calculation by Belinfante [Physica 6 887 (1939)], it can be shown that the spin may be regarded as an angular momentum generated by a circulating flow of energy in the wave field of the electron. Likewise, the magnetic moment may be regarded as generated by a circulating flow of charge in the wave field. This provides an intuitivelyl appealing picture and establishes that neither the spin nor the magnetic moment are “internal” — they are not associated with the internal structure of the electron, but rather with the structure of the field. Furthermore, a comparison between calculations of angular momentum in the Dirac and electromagnetic fields shows that the spin of the electrons is entirely analogous to the angular momentum carried by a classical circularly polarized wave. On Mon, Mar 10, 2014 at 12:00 AM, Axil Axil < janap...@gmail.com> wrote: Regarding Belinfante spin momentum. Belinfante worked out that the spin of the electron was produced as a result of its wave function and not motion of forces within the electron. Now the same considerations show that spin comes from angular momentum and the wave nature of photons. That leans support to the concept that electrons and photons are related if not identical. On Sun, Mar 9, 2014 at 8:02 PM, Bob Cook < frobertc...@hotmail.com> wrote: Jones-- It seems an answer to my original question for this blog--2 months ago--about spin coupling is finally coming out. I hope Ed takes note and decides to address the basic parameter, spin, in his theory for LENR.. Bob ----- Original Message ----- From: Bob Cook To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Sunday, March 09, 2014 4:12 PM Subject: Re: [Vo]:FYI: Extraordinary momentum and spin discovered in evanescent light waves Jones-- the rabbit hole just became more crowded. Bob ----- Original Message ----- From: Jones Beene To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Sunday, March 09, 2014 2:32 PM Subject: RE: [Vo]:FYI: Extraordinary momentum and spin discovered in evanescent light waves These references tie into the thread on a dynamical Casimir effect in LENR and to SPP. That may be why they were sent, but in case the connection is not obvious to everyone, here is an additional point. Mie scattering and Mie’s solution to Maxwell - is the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a sphere. Generally a sphere makes a good radiator but does not make a good antenna, but there are exceptions. When the sphere is a micron-sized nickel powder, loaded with hydrogen and with nanometer geometry in the surface features (tubules), all of this becomes relevant to SPP. On page 5 of the first link, they talk about SPP “Recently, we described such spin for surface plasmon polariton, and it was shown that the imaginary longitudinal field component plays an important role in optical coupling processes… From: Mark Jurich Mark Iverson wrote: | Extraordinary momentum and spin discovered in evanescent light waves | http://phys.org/news/2014-03-extraordinary-momentum-evanescent.html | Paper Ref: | http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140306/ncomms4300/full/ncomms4300.html FYI: arXiv Preprint: http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1308/1308.0547.pdf (arXiv Abstract: http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.0547) - Mark Jurich
