[budaya_tionghua] Re: Manusia Berhak Menjadi Ateis Sekalipun=> Yongde

[andytanoko]

samkaw itu kalau tidak salah di daratan tiongkok disebut sebagai
neo-confucianism. tokoh-tokoh neo-confucianism : 

    * Cheng Yi
    * Lu Xiangshan aka Lu Jiuyuan (1139–1193)
    * Ouyang Xiu (1007–1072)
    * Shao Yong (1011–1077)
    * Su Shi, aka Su Dongpo (1037–1101)
    * Wang Yangming aka Wang Shouren
    * Ye Shi (1150–1223)
    * Zhang Sanfeng
    * Zhang Zai
    * Zhou Dunyi (1017–1073)
    * Zhu Xi (1130–1200)


Zhu Xi's formulation of the Neo-Confucian world view is as follows. He
believed that the Tao (Chinese: 道; pinyin: dào; literally "way") of
Tian (Chinese: 天; pinyin: tiān; literally "heaven") is expressed in
principle or li (Chinese: 理; pinyin: lǐ), but that it is sheathed in
matter or qi (Chinese: 氣; pinyin: qì). In this, his system is based
on Buddhist systems of the time that divided things into principle
(again, li), and shi (Chinese: 事; pinyin: shì). In the Neo-Confucian
formulation, li in itself is pure and perfect, but with the addition
of qi, base emotions and conflicts arise. Human nature is originally
good, the Neo-Confucians argued (following Mencius), but not pure
unless action is taken to purify it. The imperative is then to purify
one's li. However, in contrast to Buddhists and Taoists,
neo-Confucians did not believe in an external world unconnected with
the world of matter. In addition, Neo-Confucians in general rejected
the idea of reincarnation and the associated idea of karma.

Different Neo-Confucians had differing ideas for how to do so. Zhu Xi
believed in gewu (Chinese: 格物; pinyin: géwù), the Investigation of
Things, essentially an academic form of observational science, based
on the idea that li lies within the world. Wang Yangming (Wang
Shouren), probably the second most influential Neo-Confucian, came to
another conclusion: namely, that if li is in all things, and li is in
one's heart, there is no better place to seek than within oneself. His
preferred method of doing so was jingzuo (Chinese: 靜坐; pinyin:
jìngzuò), a practice that strongly resembles zazen or Chan (Zen)
meditation. Wang Yangming developed the idea of innate knowing,
arguing that every person knows from birth the difference between good
and evil. 

samkaw alias tridharma sangat populer di tiongkok pada jaman dinasti song.


--- In budaya_tionghua@yahoogroups.com, "hartantodedy"
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> Dear All,
> 
> Siapa sih sebenernya pendiri Samkouw, kalau mendengar pernyataan,
> Buddha sekedar dipuja rupangnya. Dan saya kenal penganut Konghucu
> bilang Tao banyak tahayulnya. Kemungkinan pendirinya lebih berbobot
> ke Tao.
> 
> Salam,
> Dedy
> 
> 
> 
> --- In budaya_tionghua@yahoogroups.com, "danarhadi2000"
> <danarhadi2000@> wrote:
> >
> > Setahu saya, wah ini mohon koreksi para suhu, kepercayaan yang
> > dinamakan Samkouw itu ada, dan bernama TriDharma. Tri, artinya
> tiga.
> > Apakah ada aliran Konghucu yang berdiri sendiri, diluar TriDharma?
> >
> > Satu dari tiga itu adalah Buddha, yang sekedar dipuja rupangnya,
> yang
> > dihadirkan disamping tokoh tokoh yang diagungkan, seperti Guangong,
> > Guanyin, Dewa Bumi, dsb. Namun, bukan Buddha sebagai sebuah ajaran
> > yang "komplit" misalnya Mahayana Tionghoa dengan babaran Dharmanya
> > (konsep Triratna, Jalan kemuliaan dsb). Misalnya Surga Sukhawati,
> > Tantrayana, dsb. Penganutnya juga kebanyakan saudara saudara
> > Tionghoa, namun tidak mengaku sebagai Konghucu.
> >
> > Kalau tak salah, juga ada komunitas yang khusus menganut Tao,
> dengan
> > rumah ibadah mereka. Jadi, selain "Tiga Serangkai" yang dikenal
> > sebagai aliran TriDharma itu, ada yang khusus menganut Tao, khusus
> > menganut Buddhisme (apalagi yang menganut Theravadda). Juga yang
> > khusus menganut Tantra (seperti dahoeloe di kedatuan Shrivijaya dan
> > kerajaan Singasari).
> >
> > Salam
> >
> > Danardono
> >
> >
> >
> >
>