I ended up replacing the bi-metal 'voltage regulator' with a solid state 7805 
(if memory serves) to provide voltage to the fuel gauge and the temperature 
gauge (I use an OEM temp sending unit attached to the motor case). Works fine 
with the ZEVA unit on the '89 style gauges. 

Tom Keenan

> On Oct 26, 2016, at 3:33 PM, Cor van de Water via EV <ev@lists.evdl.org> 
> wrote:
> 
> Reason your resistor goes up in smoke at the end of the scale
> is that the display of the tank level takes quite a bit of power,
> the (cheap and rugged) way Ford did this was using a bi-metal to
> drive the needle and a *heater* to control the position of the needle
> by bending the bi-metal due to it getting warm.
> So, if it requires say 1/4 Amp at the minimum resistance of the heater
> then the resistor may need to be able to dissipate 2 Watts or burn up
> if it is too light...
> You should be able to drive the needle by outputting a voltage, probably
> the easiest is a PWM controlled output, with the duty cycle controlling
> the position of the needle. 
> No resistors needed. But you are likely to see that the PWM must stay
> below
> about 50% duty cycle or it overheats the bi-metal (needle in the corner)
> so set the start (empty) and end (full) PWM limits accordingly.
> 
> Success!
> 
> Cor van de Water 
> Chief Scientist 
> Proxim Wireless 
> 
> office +1 408 383 7626                    Skype: cor_van_de_water 
> XoIP   +31 87 784 1130                    private: cvandewater.info 
> 
> http://www.proxim.com
> 
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> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: EV [mailto:ev-boun...@lists.evdl.org] On Behalf Of ROBERT via EV
> Sent: Wednesday, October 26, 2016 3:21 PM
> To: Bill Collins; Electric Vehicle Discussion List
> Subject: Re: [EVDL] Electronics help anyone
> 
> So.  What does it matter?  Did the PCM drive the gauge or did the tank
> sensor?  Look at the vehicle wiring diagram.  If the sensor came to the
> PCM, and the PCM output a signal to the gauge then you will never figure
> out the PCM signal type or level.  The PCM is gone.  Look at what you
> have at present .... a gauge and Amp transmitter and determine their
> signal requirements.  Do not guess ... get the spec or you may damage
> the devices.
> 
> 
> 
> ________________________________
> From: EV <ev-boun...@lists.evdl.org> on behalf of Bill Collins via EV
> <ev@lists.evdl.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, October 26, 2016 11:33 AM
> To: ev@lists.evdl.org
> Subject: Re: [EVDL] Electronics help anyone
> 
> 
> The PCM probably had a resistor to a regulated voltage source, so that
> the tank
> sender produced a varying voltage instead of just a resistance.
> 
> Bill
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