33 MB used on a empty partition?
Hi. I was running some system checks on a server where I had created a partition for future use... This partition has 60GB, formatted with ext3 with largefile option (created with the sarge debian installer) and the only thing I can see there is the lost+found folder... df shows [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on ... /dev/md5 58875084 32828 55897952 1% /backup or, using this output to be more visible [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ df -h FilesystemSize Used Avail Use% Mounted on ... /dev/md5 57G 33M 54G 1% /backup However, du shows: linux:/home/jpcl# du -sh /backup/ 20K /backup/ ... So, where are those 33MB going to? Is it related to largefile? Or maybe by being ext3 (maybe the journal size)? What tool can I use to find out the filesystem details? The partition sizes we can find out with fdisk, cfdisk, or whatever... but how do we check the what filesystem, what blocksize, what journal size, ...? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: 33 MB used on a empty partition?
Rabin Vincent wrote: On Fri, 07 Jan 2005 19:18:47 +, Joao Clemente [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: What tool can I use to find out the filesystem details? The partition sizes we can find out with fdisk, cfdisk, or whatever... but how do we check the what filesystem, what blocksize, what journal size, ...? Running dump2efs on the partition will give you, among other information, the block size and the journal inode. Then run debugfs on the partition, and use the command: stat i, replacing i with the inode of the journal. This will give you the blockcount. Multiply this blockcount by the block size to get the journal size in bytes. Hmmm... too messy for what I was asking... Isnt't there a simple tool that shows something like /dev/hda1 : ext2, 1024byte/block, /dev/hda2 : ext3, 2048byte/block, 10Mb journal journal specific stuff like ... journal sync period time /dev/hda3 : vfat, ... even if we call it one by one (show_fs /dev/hda1, show_fs /dev/hda2,..)? dumpe2fs seems to show information similar to tune2fs -l ... I think it shows most of the information I would like to find, altough we're alredy assuming this is a ext2/ext3 filesystem... And, now that we're talking about filesystems, maybe someone can enlighten me on one other related thing: I usually use noatime in my fstab options, and AFAIK this will prevent the system from updating a last accessed time from a file. So... there is must be a way to know this last accessed time ... wich tool is it? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
incremental backups howto?
Hi people. In the latest thread about Synchronize two servers it was talked about incremental backups. Well, can you quick-start me in this topic? I have the notion of what an incremental backup is... it would be keeping the delta from the last state, but how is this done in practice? Is it done with tar with some flag? Can we compress the backups (tar.[gz|bz2]) or it needs to be uncompressed to create the delta? Can we do a 2nd_delta from a backup + 1rst_delta? Or the 2nd_delta is created directly from backup therefore overriding the need for the 1rst_delta? Maybe its not even done with tar... I keep thinking on diff's and patch's but maybe its not the same here. If one needs the (uncompressed) initial tar available from a backup to find the delta, this means we need a 2xN disk, where N is the info we have in disk.. so you could only do incremental backups in a disk with less than 50% occupation.. rigth or wrong? What do you say? Pointer to right commands/howto's? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Sarge not showing all RAM
Björn Abt wrote: Hello List, I have a HP DL360 G4 with 2GB ECC RAM and a P4-Xeon with 3 GHz. I installed Debian Sarge netinst on this machine and after examining the system i found out that top only shows 906MB RAM, even /proc/meminfo shows only 906MB. I tried this with both the 2.4 (kernel-image-2.4.27-1-386) and 2.6 (kernel-image-2.6.8-1-386) Kernels. After that I ran memtestx86 to see if I had malicious Memory, but it showed the full 2GB and it ran a whole day without showing any errors. Do I miss anything ? I believe that the standard kernel should work with 2GB... Another machine with 1GB Non-ECC-RAM shows the full 1GB in /proc/meminfo [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ uname -a Linux linux 2.6.8-1-686-smp #1 SMP Thu Nov 25 04:55:00 UTC 2004 i686 GNU/Linux [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ free total used free sharedbuffers cached Mem: 1035796 863212 172584 0 83236 677888 -/+ buffers/cache: 102088 933708 Swap: 979832 0 979832 As you can see, I have access to the full 1GB (well, not exactly 1024MB but I supose the remaing is eated up by the kernel) My kernel has # CONFIG_NOHIGHMEM is not set CONFIG_HIGHMEM4G=y # CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G is not set CONFIG_HIGHMEM=y and it IS a stock debian kernel I would suggest you to check wich kernl is running in that 1GB non-ECC-RAM machine... I (am not sure but) believe the 686 or 686-smp kernels have high-mem enabled. Good luck Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Sarge not showing all RAM
JerryN wrote: Intriguing! So many words in this track being said but nothing really of any value whatever... Very well, Jerry, I feel from your words that my answer has not been helpfull... nothing really of any value whatever So, either you're stating that my english is so bad that I can't read, understand or write a sentence that makes sense to other, or maybe you're trying to say that I'm just dumping garbage to the mailing list... Before my clarification I must say I felt and I feel ofended by what you've said. I have tried to be helpfull. If you believe I have not been, please post your reasons for that claim. If you do that, maybe I can improve the contents of my answers and you improve your ways to comment other peoples attempts without offending. Well, I'll clarify my answer then: 1) I have read a post from someone that claims that can't see the 2Gb memory it has on the system. He sees less than 1GB. The person said he tried kernel 2.4.27-1-386 and 2.6.8-1-386. 2) That person claims it has another machine in wich he can see the full 1GB kernel. 3) The person stated Do I miss anything ? I believe that the standard kernel should work with 2GB... 4) When I posted there had been already a reply stating that to access the full 1GB thr kernel must have the highmem option enabled. I replied SHOWING MY MACHINE DETAILS (therefore providing PROOF of my claims) that a) I am running a 2.6.8-1-686-smp kernel (a standart debian kernel, not a kernel compiled by myself) . b) In my system I can see the full 1 GB memory that is installed (so, SHOWING the problem does not occur if you use the same kernel as I do) c) the kernel parameters that my kernel has enabled and that are allowing the system to see the full 1GB (so that if you decide to compile the kernel you're using presently you know what options to look for) THEN I SUGGESTED a) Check the running kernel on the good machine (You're probably using a different kernel so you may try to install in the bad machine the one that is on the good machine - uname -a would be a way to check the kernel version - I HAVE SHOWN WHAT MY SYSTEM REPLYES SO THAT YOU HAVE AN EXAMPLE) b) Install a 686 or a 686-smp kernel. I am not sure if all combinations of kernel-image-2.x.y[-smp] have HIGHMEM options enabled (the ones I SHOWED were enables in my kernel) BUT I BELIEVE they all must have. SO THIS IS NOT GOOD? NOT A GOOD REPLY? NOT INFORMATIVE? NOT HELPFULL? Yes, I'm shouting! IF you haven't understood some of my info you could just ASK! Instead of DEGRADING my attempt to help! nothing really of any value whatever bah! What did you wanted me to say? How to install a package? How to compile a kernel? How to check your kernel version? How to list the available packages? How to check wich processor you have? How do you clean your ass? I hope you solve YOUR problems! They're not mine! And, for your new-year, I hope you learn how to ask things, or comment on answers, so that people feel good by helping you! . Joao Clemente On Thu, 2004-12-23 at 16:02 +, Joao Clemente wrote: Björn Abt wrote: Hello List, I have a HP DL360 G4 with 2GB ECC RAM and a P4-Xeon with 3 GHz. I installed Debian Sarge netinst on this machine and after examining the system i found out that top only shows 906MB RAM, even /proc/meminfo shows only 906MB. I tried this with both the 2.4 (kernel-image-2.4.27-1-386) and 2.6 (kernel-image-2.6.8-1-386) Kernels. After that I ran memtestx86 to see if I had malicious Memory, but it showed the full 2GB and it ran a whole day without showing any errors. Do I miss anything ? I believe that the standard kernel should work with 2GB... Another machine with 1GB Non-ECC-RAM shows the full 1GB in /proc/meminfo [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ uname -a Linux linux 2.6.8-1-686-smp #1 SMP Thu Nov 25 04:55:00 UTC 2004 i686 GNU/Linux [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ free total used free sharedbuffers cached Mem: 1035796 863212 172584 0 83236 677888 -/+ buffers/cache: 102088 933708 Swap: 979832 0 979832 As you can see, I have access to the full 1GB (well, not exactly 1024MB but I supose the remaing is eated up by the kernel) My kernel has # CONFIG_NOHIGHMEM is not set CONFIG_HIGHMEM4G=y # CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G is not set CONFIG_HIGHMEM=y and it IS a stock debian kernel I would suggest you to check wich kernl is running in that 1GB non-ECC-RAM machine... I (am not sure but) believe the 686 or 686-smp kernels have high-mem enabled. Good luck Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Sarge not showing all RAM
Considering the topic and the thread, Andrea answered exaustively as far as I would need to be helped if I was in your shoes. I deeply recommend you reading this, I do believe this will help you greatly getting help in the future: http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html Maybe you should start asking questions that may help you (change the topic if needed) and stop insulting people that could help you but will not do it when faced with your attitude. Ending my posts in this thread, Joao Clemente JerryN wrote: Amazing how many incorrect assumptions have been made here. And of what cynicism without any concept of assistance or acceptance. The proof of faux nihilism exists here. -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
cron.daily, howto control mailed reports
Hi people. In a server I setup recently I tougth of keeping the clock sinc'ed by running ntpdate daily. I wrote a script calling /etc/init.d/ntpdate restart and I placed it in /etc/cron.daily. Why do I receive daily reports (in my mail system) from this particular script being runned, but not from other also existant in /etc/cron.daily? Ps: I just notisted an report from another script that I'm running hourly.. but it seems to have only reported 1 time, when there was an output to stdout... can that be it? If there is something in stdout cron will report to the mail system, otherwise it will run silently? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: cron.daily, howto control mailed reports
Benjamin A'Lee wrote: On Fri, Dec 24, 2004 at 02:22:10AM + or thereabouts, Joao Clemente wrote: Why do I receive daily reports (in my mail system) from this particular script being runned, but not from other also existant in /etc/cron.daily? If you want it to run silently, you can put MAILTO= in /etc/crontab But otherwise cron jobs only mail if there's output to stdout, so if you want more out put, not less, you'd have to set each one individually (I think). Thanks Benjamin, running silently was what I was looking for. Robert: no problem, thanks for the answer anyway :-) Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: crontab every 5 minutes?
Andreas wrote: On Thu, Dec 23, 2004 at 08:02:55PM -0600, Lance Hoffmeyer wrote: Hello, How do I get crontab to run a process every 5 minutes? Currently, it is setup as: 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * Surely, there is a more elegant approach? Lance sure */12 * * * * or 0-59/12 * * * * should do it. Sorry to post over your answer, but Andreas, this is not correct: you should have written */5 or 0-59/5 (every 5 minutes... your versions was every 12 minutes. The '/' is not divide the time into y parts but every time 'x MOD y = 0' then run) For who is not used to MOD, this is the same as % in some programming languages: MOD = Remainder of division 0%5 = 0 1%5 = 1 2%5 = 2 3%5 = 3 4%5 = 4 5%5 = 0 6%5 = 1 ... (Someone has already posted the solution, I just reply to your mail so that this is lot left alone and (possibly) confusing someone) Now, I must wonder: Is there a way to shift this by a wanted value? (for instance, when x MOD y = 1, something like putting into cron the instance (*/5)+1 ? It would run at 1,6,11,16,21, ... Is it possible? Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
traffic stats wan-lan - ntop or better?
I had a look at my ISP billing page today and I got somewhat suspicious of something wrong with the reported traffic... I had just finished looking to my calamaris report and the calamaris report had 1/3 of the traffic reported in the ISP billing page... I decided to get some tool to analize network traffic so that I can understand what am I paying for... I have the feeling that ntop is the tool to use, but has someone a better suggestion? My setup is ADSL Router MyServer/Proxy \- hub -- Other Lan Machines so altough my server is not the gateway, I think ntop analises everything that gets to the machine interface (promiscuous mode) Any other suggestions? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Marvell 88E8053 (Asus P5GD1) not detected by sarge installer...
I just assembled a new machine with a Asus P5GD1 Pro motherboard. This has a built-in 10/100/1000 NIC Marvell 88E8053. I booted the machine using a usb pen with sarge-business-card-installer iso on it. It booted ok, loaded the drivers from the pen, but the installer was unable to find the network card. It showed a big list of network cards with no Marvell card on it. Anyone has a clue on how to get this baby working? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Marvell 88E8053 (Asus P5GD1) not detected by sarge installer...
Googling for help didn't help much. It seem it is suposed to work with the module sk98lin. This module fails to load... no device found, it says... Asus has, altough, Linux drivers for this thing. They compile a driver using existing kernel sources. So I think I could use another machine to get a module from their sources... But how can I get that module into the installer? Maybe I should put another (temporary) NIC in the machine to do the installation, then get the module for the Marvell compiled and remove the temporary NIC? Would it be easier? Joao Clemente wrote: I just assembled a new machine with a Asus P5GD1 Pro motherboard. This has a built-in 10/100/1000 NIC Marvell 88E8053. I booted the machine using a usb pen with sarge-business-card-installer iso on it. It booted ok, loaded the drivers from the pen, but the installer was unable to find the network card. It showed a big list of network cards with no Marvell card on it. Anyone has a clue on how to get this baby working? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Marvell 88E8053 (Asus P5GD1) not detected by sarge installer...
Joao Clemente wrote: Maybe I should put another (temporary) NIC in the machine to do the installation, then get the module for the Marvell compiled and remove the temporary NIC? Would it be easier? Just to finish this thread (maybe someone gets a P5GD1 also) I already got the NIC of this board working: - Installed with a temporary NIC to do the network installation - Installed 2.6 version (linux26 at lilo prompt) because with normal (2.4) version the ICH6R and therefore the SATA disks were not seen - Compiled Marvell NIC support using the driver from http://www.syskonnect.com/syskonnect/support/driver/htm/sk9e21_lin.htm Very easy to do it: a) get the kernel header corresponding to you kernel-image b) ln -s /usr/src/kernel-headers- /usr/src/linux c) unpack driver package obtained above d) run ./install.sh e) pick user installation, choose Y and your module will be compiled , placed in /lib/modules... and loaded! Have fun! -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: howto know if raid is really working?
Alvin Oga wrote: if you have to touch the keyboard to make it work, than its NOT working only cat /proc/mdstat is allowed any other raid commands says the raid is not working c ya alvin Hi Alvin. I'm just wondering this: Is this true for software RAID aswell? My doubt is about sofware raid vs disk partitions.. Image you're using software raid and 1 disk fails. You somehow get alerted and , AFAIK, you 1 - shutdown the machine (ok, this if you don't have a hot-swap system) 2 - remove the failed disk 3 - insert a new, fresh-from-the-store disk 4 - power-up Now, if this was a hardware raid solution, yes I believe the array will self-contruct again. My question is if, with these steps you'll have a software RAID system resync'ing the array... or you need to do extra steps like: 5 - partition the disk with same partition layout as the removed one and only after this step the array can re-construct .. What's your experience on this? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: howto know if raid is really working?
Thanks for the reply, but I still haven't cleared my doubt.
I'll cut the relevant part of the reply (relevant for what I'm trying to
understand) and comment at the end:
Alvin Oga wrote:
On Thu, 16 Dec 2004, Joao Clemente wrote:
Image you're using software raid and 1 disk fails. You somehow get
alerted and , AFAIK, you
1 - shutdown the machine (ok, this if you don't have a hot-swap system)
2 - remove the failed disk
3 - insert a new, fresh-from-the-store disk
for sanity ... i always fdisk the new disk to be the same as the
remaining disk
4 - power-up
and sw raid will mirror the good disk onto the new disk
[snip]
Now, if this was a hardware raid solution, yes I believe the array will
self-contruct again.
sw raid, when PROPERLY created will also resysnc/self-construct
again all by itself
My question is if, with these steps you'll have a
software RAID system resync'ing the array... or you need to do extra
steps like:
no extra step is supposed to be needed except to take the old
disk out and plug in a new one
[snip]
5 - partition the disk with same partition layout as the removed one
probably a good idea ... to keep it the same as before
even if your enw disk is bigger than before
- use the xtra (unused) space for something else
Ok, Alvin, as far as I understand when you said at the top for sanity
... i always fdisk the new disk to be the same as the remaining disk
you mean limiting it's size, as you say here at last few lines, right?
My doubt is: If you DONT do this (and, following my steps, you CANT
fdisk unless you power the machine first :-) what will happen then?
Supose you have your disks with 3 partitions each, {hd?1, hd?2, hda?3}
from wich you have your 3 software raid partitions {md0, md1, md2}.
One disk fails. You put a new one. New as out-of-the-shop, no
partitions, no filesystem. What happens? Will the partitions be
generated? Or you need do setup {hdx1, hdx2, hdx3} on the new disk,
before software raid resyncs the disks?
Or this is not the way to do it?
From what I remember reading, HW RAID handles disks, SW RAID handles
partitions. If you replace a disk in a HW RAID, the new disk will be
copied and be equal to the older ones. Mapping this to SW RAID makes the
sentence like this: If you replace a PARTITION in a SW RAID, the new
PARTITION will be copied and be equal to the older ones. So what
happens if the disk has no partitions?
Thanks
Joao Clemente
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Re: howto know if raid is really working?
Harland Christofferson wrote: [snip] but, what if i write a file to /dev/hda6 (/home), then i mount /dev/hdc6 to /mnt/hdc6 ... should i see the newly written file in the same place on /mnt/hdc6 as was written on /dev/hda6 ? Yo Harland, you're getting all messed up For what I've understood, you have /dev/hda6 and /dev/hdc6 together as a RAID1 partition (/dev/mdx, wich is monted at /home) Example: - Power down, take hdc out, power up. - Write a file to /home. - Power down, insert hdc, power up. - Let raid resync. - Power down, take hda out, power up. (now only the second disk is there) - You should see the file in /home. It has been resynced earlyer. -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
mirror a debian mirror...
Hi. I'll need to install two debian machines (sarge probably) in a place where they have dial-up... I usually do my installation over the network as I usually have acess to a broadband connection with unlimited nacional traffic. I tought of mirroring a debian mirror to my laptop, using my broadband connection, to use it as a local mirror on that place where there is only dial-up. What's the best way to do it? I've read recently about FAI on LinuxToday, maybe I should follow FAI procedure for setting up the mirror? It suggests the use of mkdebmirror script (debmirror and rsync). Is this script only usefull for FAI or will I suceed to get the mirror as I want (not for use with FAI)? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Linux Router
Croy, Nathan wrote: From: Michael Madden [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Monday, December 13, 2004 5:31 PM Thanks for all the advice. I guess something like LRP appealed to me more since it was floppy based and didn't require setting up a distro with many unneeded utilities. Does anyone know of an active floppy based firewall (Linux or *BSD)? I've never used it, but CoyoteLinux [1] appears to be active. It even has a Windows based Wizard, if you are so inclined. [1] http://www.coyotelinux.com/products.php?Product=coyote I've used Coyote for a long time. It was great. Easy to setup and it has a 2.4 kernel (so you can use iptables if you need to manually tweek something), a wizard that works OK from windows, and a shell menu-driven or web interface that allows you to setup most cenarios... anything more complicated than you find in the interfacem you can go to the shell and setup yourself Using floppy = read-only medium, easy system backup ;-), no noise, low heat... I was using it in a diskless/fanless P200 Classic with 16Mb Ram -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Cloning a workstation
Eric Gaumer wrote: On Wed, 2004-12-08 at 10:14 -0500, Sarunas Burdulis wrote: Hello, I need to clone a workstation (which has some custom configuration and scripts added to otherwise basic Sarge/KDE) into another set of absolutely identical hardware (Intel Pentium 4, IDE HD). Just one clone, not a massive install. What tools would you use? Easiest/quickest? Machines are on an Ethernet, have CD/DVD and floppy drives. Just for a quick/hard copy, I have sucessfully used knoppix to boot the 2nd machine, replicated the partitions myself and then copied everything from the main machine using scp -R [EMAIL PROTECTED]:/* . not very pretty but it worked... :-) Ps: I also needed to install grub/lilo by hand after the copy, I was forgetting about that.. just one more command line :-) -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sarge KDE weird icon colors on selecting/highliting?
My KDE installation on two different (and updated) sarge machines shows weird KDE colors when selecting an icon (for instance, the folder icons gets greenish in one of the machines, one the user one it gets some purple zones in some areas of the icon) It happens with all (well... I havent't checked every one of them) icons. At first I tought it was some XFree driver problem, so I changed to 16 and 8 colors, tried ati, radeon and vesa drivers (this was specifically on a laptop with a Radeon7500Mobile), and they all produced the same results. Then I notisted that gnome does not show this behaviour. It's ok. KDE bug? Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Directory Permissions
Ben Bettin wrote: I'm running Sarge and have two 250 gb drives. One has my system installed on it, the other is mounted as /backup. I intended to use /backup to...well...back things up :) How do I grant certain users access to /backup? Right now it's only accessible to the root user. I've read through a few man-pages, and I get the impression that I need to add the users to the directory's groupbut I'm not sure how to do that. Any thoughts? Hmmm I'm doing this by head, plese give it a little brain power if these instructions are not 100% accurate. I think it sufices: 1 - create group backup_users # groupadd backup_users 2 - put wanted user in group, by editing /etc/group ... backup_users:x:34:user1,user23,user64 ... 3 - give permissions to directory chown -R root.backup_users /backup chmod -R 660 /backup Actually, there is already a backup group in the system, but I dunno exctly if it's already there for some specific purpose or not... Good luck! Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Fw: gdm and reboot
Leonard Chatagnier wrote: On Thu, Dec 02, 2004 at 10:55:56PM -0500, Michael Spang wrote: I have often wondered why exactly it defaults to requiring a password. Requiring a user who has physical access to a computer root privileges to shut it down seems fundamentally flawed to me--they could easily shut it down by removing power. Sorry, I do not agree with you here! You may have a cenario where a user has physical acess to keyboard/mouse/screen but not to the box... I actually know this cenario, have seen it several times in cybercafe's/kyosk implementations. You cannot reach power cable or the power button on the box itself. I find it especially strange since by default any user can shut down once logged into gnome via gdm, but they become stranded once back on the welcome screen. H... kde does not allow this when comming from a kdm session... At least not the one I have in a Mandrake setup... Yes, I must agree with you that by this point of view it's very strange... -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: hda=stroke for installer?
Richard Hector wrote: From what I've read, I should be able to use the jumper on my seagate st380011a to limit it to 33.8G, then use hda=stroke on the kernel command line (for kernels later than 2.6.7), and linux should see the whole lot. [snip] Any suggestions? Well, I've actually been able to use new 80GB disks in very old computers (Pentium 200 Classic) with no jumper limiter... Maybe you could try to boot without the jumper? Even if the bios can't see the whole disk, Linux will see it you just need to get booted.. (in last instance you can boot from a floppy ) -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: stopping xserver from loading
Ronald van den Blink / 106075 wrote: Why don't you change the runlevel? Just boot into single mode, change the runlevel in inittab and u're ready to boot to the cli Now that you mentioned it... How does one adds boot parameters to grub? With lilo I would jus get to lilo command line and type mylinux 1 (where mylinux was the label) How to do it with grub? It doesn't seem simple... -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Grub Hard Disk Error, after installing from sarge floppies
Hi Alvin. Once again, thanks for your ultra-fast reply. I have not been able to understand completly what you've said so I'll comment along your mail, ok? Alvin Oga wrote: On Tue, 30 Nov 2004, Joao Clemente wrote: ...but when one is suposed to get the GRUB menu, I get simply a GRUB Hard Disk Error message grub is unreasonably finicky What means finicky? 1rst time I see this word you have several choices.. 1) boot into dos a: fdisk /mbr -- wipe it out and try grub-install again I could try this but it would fail again... as you already said - and its obvious that it will... 2) i always use lilo, whenver grub failed .. Well, I was willing to try it... but I haven't been able to get to a point that I get a shell... 3) install into the boot sector of the partition (/dev/hda1 ) instead MBR of the disk ( /dev/hda ) - but the mbr must be empty too I am not certain of you're refering to grub, lilo, or both. I see no reason why grub (or lilo) would fail when installed in MBR but suceed when installed in /dev/hda1... and, btw, can grub be placed in /dev/hda1? I've done this with lilo, but never seen it done with grub... presumably you can boot off of other media to try to install the MBR with grub/lilo/loadlin/... boot media == boot floppies, knoppix, deb cdrom, where you can get into standalone rescue mode Well here is also one of the problems I tried to follow instructions on http://www.desktop-linux.net/grub.htm about using a grub floppy and I was not sucessfull... I found out that I needed (at least) to give the commands - root (hda0,0) - kernel /vmlinuz - initrd /initrd.img - boot but I must be missing something as even with this the boot fails at some point with a kernel panic... One thing that its crossing my mind is... can I use tomsrtbt floppy and chroot to my freshly installed sarge? Can I run apt-get lilo from such a chroot'ed environment? Is it worth a try? (I am not trying this at this moment because I decided to reinstall again, to see if I can have a choice somewhere of getting lilo instead of grub somewhere during installation) Thanks Joao Clemente Ps: I can only use floppies as boot media for this machine.. no boot from cdrom available... it's an old bad machine.. -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Grub Hard Disk Error, after installing from sarge floppies
Joao Clemente wrote: [snip] 3) install into the boot sector of the partition (/dev/hda1 ) instead MBR of the disk ( /dev/hda ) - but the mbr must be empty too I am not certain of you're refering to grub, lilo, or both. I see no reason why grub (or lilo) would fail when installed in MBR but suceed when installed in /dev/hda1... and, btw, can grub be placed in /dev/hda1? I've done this with lilo, but never seen it done with grub... [...] Ok, it is possible to install grub in /dev/hda1 and in fact the installer allow us to say where we want to place it if we say NO to install grub in MBR? My problem is solved! I have no ideia why, but installing grub in /dev/hda1 allowed me to boot the machine without a problem! Thanks to all that replied! Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Grub Hard Disk Error, after installing from sarge floppies
Hi. Just wondering if someone has a clue on how to solve this: I installed an old machine (p200 classic, 32Mb RAM, 3.5Gb HD + realtek 8193 NIC) using sarge installer from floppies (boot+root+net drivers) After partitioning, installing the base system and grub loader, the installer says it will reboot to continue from the freshly installed system... ...but when one is suposed to get the GRUB menu, I get simply a GRUB Hard Disk Error message googling revealed problems when using dual-booting, XP or stuff like that. I am using a full-disk install over a win95 installation, so no dual-boot and no XP before. I retried the installation using using default options for partitioning, just to be sure I had not messed up with the boot partition.. same error.. I have no ideia of how to debug this or how to workaround it... One tought is to do a woody install 1rst or maybe try to get lilo instead of grub... but how? Any toughts? -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
runlevel 2 vs 3 vs 5 deprecated in sarge?
I was testing some stuff that needed rebooting my sarge installation an I tought to myself that it was a waste of time to startup X at every boot So I headed to /etc/inittab to change it to runlevel 3... but I was amazed to see that the value there was 2 So, do those standarts of 5 = multiuser + X, 3 = multiuser - X, ... stoped being used in sarge? Why? I'm using sarge intalled with rc2 business-card installer Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Enable acpi in 2.4.x? It seems to be on the kernel!
Joao Clemente wrote: I just installed my Asus L3C laptop from sarge rc2 business-cd installer. I was going to check for apm/acpi support and by looking at /boot/config-2.4.27-1-686 file it seems to be already compiled in the kernel so... do I need to use acpi=on on something like that in grub for acpi to work? I have no /proc/acpi, so the kernel seems not to be loading the acpi stuff. Joao Clemente Answering to myself: I needed to put acpi=on in grub kernel configuration to activate the acpi kernel support (wich then provides me a /proc/acpi ) Strange... Maybe everyone is switching to 2.6.x and these things go unnotisted... I had searhed the mailing lists with no result... Well, I hope this still helps someone! Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: runlevel 2 vs 3 vs 5 deprecated in sarge?
Martin Fluch wrote: On Fri, 26 Nov 2004, newbin shang wrote: On Fri, 26 Nov 2004 12:55:15 +, Joao Clemente [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I was testing some stuff that needed rebooting my sarge installation an I tought to myself that it was a waste of time to startup X at every boot So I headed to /etc/inittab to change it to runlevel 3... but I was amazed to see that the value there was 2 So, do those standarts of 5 = multiuser + X, 3 = multiuser - X, ... stoped being used in sarge? Why? [snip] At least as long as I have used debian (more than five years) my computer and all instalations I have made booted by default to runlevel 2... - Martin OOppps sorry for the dumb question then... I guess I installed two many woody's servers and too few desktops... I must admit I used a couple of other distros as desktops, and I always tought of runlevel5 vs runlevel3 difference as standart... Sorry about that. I'm enlightened now! Thanks for the fast reply Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Enable acpi in 2.4.x? It seems to be on the kernel!
I just installed my Asus L3C laptop from sarge rc2 business-cd installer. I was going to check for apm/acpi support and by looking at /boot/config-2.4.27-1-686 file it seems to be already compiled in the kernel so... do I need to use acpi=on on something like that in grub for acpi to work? I have no /proc/acpi, so the kernel seems not to be loading the acpi stuff. Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Firefox, Thunderbird etc.
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Sayantan Sur [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: is the firefox (or thunderbird) package going to be in the unstable/testing of Debian Sarge? I am on sarge (testing) and can see only Firefox version 0.9.3 I'm also on sarge, but I use apt pinning to let me pull in particular packages from unstable - in my case, specifically thunderbird, firefox, and gaim. See http://www.argon.org/~roderick/apt-pinning.html for more details. It works for me. Chris Hi Chris. I hope you can provide another reference to a more complete explanation of apt-pinning, or that Sayantan has already basic knowledge of it... cause I got lost while reading the link you provided, trying to figure out where do some of the pinning values were comming from... I think somewhere in the debian manual there is an explanation for apt-pinning (wich maybe lack these examples)(... Anyway, maybe you could provide your example? I actually would like to have firefox pinned to unstable... Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Kernel 2.4
Andreas Janssen wrote: Hello Michael Spang ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote: Although this questionis not specific to Debian, it is relevant and I figure someone here has the answer. Why is the Linux community so opposed to moving to Kernel 2.6? Is 2.4 really that much more stable? Familiar? Upgrading to much trouble? Too many things changed too much? I think not--the open source community is a very dynamic one, things always change and are upgraded without a second thought. So why are so many afraid of moving defaults to the latest stable? 2.4 seems to be the default everywhere..(well to be honest, I don't know the default for most distributions, but Debian and Knoppix are still with 2.4) Almost all other mainstream distibutions (Mandrake, Slackware, Fedora, SuSE) install 2.6 by default. Knoppix comes with kernel 2.6 (although you may have to activate it using a boot option). Debian Sarge comes with kernel 2.6 (although I think right now the default installation kernel is 2.4). The only mainstream distribution I know that does not have kernel 2.6 is Debian Woody, the current stable release. It is nearly 2 1/2 years old. I would ask the same question Michael did, but the other way around: Why should I update to 2.6 when I'm perfectly happy with my 2.4 kernel? My hardware is completely supported at this moment, so what features (non-hardware-support-related) are there in 2.6 that would make me want to change? -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Help reporting bugs
Hi. Can you clear me what is the procedure to follow to report/reopen bugs? I looked at all bug reporting docs I could bind at debian.org and I got a number of different ways to do things, like: - submitting to debian-bugs-dist mailing list - mailing to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the installation report - mailing to [EMAIL PROTECTED] without the installation report - mailing [EMAIL PROTECTED] I'm somewhat lost in what to do to be more effective. The bugs I would like to submit are - reopening the installer should choose the optimized kernel choice bug wich number I know (I have it here somewhere) - reporting a incorrect LANGUAGE setting done by the installer -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Where are config questions in install of latest sarge, and other questions...
Matt Zagrabelny wrote: 1. It never asked me the hardware config questions I was used to with both woody and sarge. What happened to them, how do I find out what device support is installed, and get support for devices that might not be installed (i.e., download drivers for stuff- although now that I've said it, I guess they're just apt packages, right?). hardware support boils down to drivers compiled into the kernel or compiled as modules. to check if certain modules are loaded do 'lsmod'. i am not sure how to check if certain drivers are compiled into the kernel. Usually in /boot there is stored the config file that existed when compiling the installed kernel... I have been finding this to be true for a large number of distributions. -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
sarge gdm language entry, howto add language?
Hi. Can someone please tell me how to add a language entry to gdm Language option? I have googled and saw a dscussion where it seemed that this was hardcoded in gdm, what does not makes sense to me.. I installed kde-i18n-pt and my guess is that I'm mising some package, maybe gnome related, that enables pt to show up in gdm language listing.. I've tried apt-cache search pt | grep gdm and apt-cache search pt | grep gnome but none of these show any interesting results... (using sarge) Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: sarge gdm language entry, howto add language?
Answering to myself: dpkg-reconfigure locales will place wichever locales you select in gdm language chooser But, unfortunately, this has not given me the functionality I was hoping to get... (well, it almost did...) : I was hoping to use gdm (because of this language feature) to enter kde with the chosen language for the user... But I found out that unfortunately this language chooser only works for gnome sessions... kde language setting must be made inside kde's control panel... Is there any workaround known, so that I can have a interface language chooser in gdm/kdm/whatever that changes the language displayed by kde? Thanks Joao clemente Joao Clemente wrote: Hi. Can someone please tell me how to add a language entry to gdm Language option? I have googled and saw a dscussion where it seemed that this was hardcoded in gdm, what does not makes sense to me.. I installed kde-i18n-pt and my guess is that I'm mising some package, maybe gnome related, that enables pt to show up in gdm language listing.. I've tried apt-cache search pt | grep gdm and apt-cache search pt | grep gnome but none of these show any interesting results... (using sarge) Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: sarge gdm language entry, howto add language?
Francois Cerbelle wrote: Le Thu, Nov 18, 2004 at 02:52:22PM +, Joao Clemente ecrit : Is there any workaround known, so that I can have a interface language chooser in gdm/kdm/whatever that changes the language displayed by kde? It might be possible to set and export the LANG environement variable somewhere in /etc/environement or in the /etc/X/gdm scripts. Fanfan Merci Francois, .. I had already tried this (or emulated this) and it seemed to do nothing... gdm in fact sets the LANG variable, but KDE (at least in sarge) seems to ignore it.. I tried it like this: opened up konsole, checked LANG by doing env | grep LANG ... 1 - LANG was set to C, I started a konqueror from that console, it started with a portuguese interface... (I had defined in kde control center to use portuguese) 2 - exported LANG=en_US and started konqueror... it also started with portuguese... So I concluded that KDE is ignoring LANG and using some internal value (not even environment variables as env displays nothing with pt values) ? Toughts ? Maybe we need to setup kde with multiple possibilites in control center, so that he reads LANG? Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning hard drives
Well, I in particular am a fan of using at least a separated /boot and /usr partitions, because I like to make them read-only and noatime. When having multiuser machines I also keep /home separated. How much space for each? Well, some 8MB to /boot is more than enough and as /usr is pretty much static and I always install test-servers first to setup to my like I get the feel of how much /usr needs and add some more MB just to be safe... for instance I have woody servers with a 100MB /usr partition (they use about 70MB in /usr).. Desktops take 2-3Gb to /usr... The other partitions really depend on the machine you're setting up... But after all this thread, now I am having a question: As I said, I am fan of using ro,noatime as much as I can... and things in /bin, /sbin and /lib are pretty static, right? But we can't put those in partitions, can we? They need to be in / so that they're there at boottime, before fstab is read, right? Complaining about FHS: I was reading FHS and thinking about these things and... for instance they say /etc should contain static stuff... but we have /etc/resolv.conf that is rewritten by dhcp Now that I'm thinking, / could be ro... as long as it exists /home, /tmp and /var being mounted as rw it should work... h... i gotta double-check this for my servers... hmmm Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
vim + putty = F2 instead of / using keypad
Hi. I wonder is someone faced this problem and actually knows a workaround for it... I googled but the answers I got didn't solved my problem: When using putty to connect do a woody box, the '/' key abive the numeric keypad works perfectly... except inside vim. If used inside vim, I get a F2 displayed every time I press that key... Any workaround known? I have no ideia if this is a putty misconfiguration or vimrc missing something... It is stange that only happens inside vim (and if I use vim directly on that box keyboard it works fine) Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Cups in sarge stops a lot.. maybe lprng better?
Hi. I've tried so setup a print server in sarge, for a epson cx3200 usb printer... Cups gets stopped lots of times (every other day?) and I need to manually restart the printer... I am thinking of getting a cronjob doing /usr/bin/enable PrinterName as I think this alone would reduce the support call I receive in 80% .. but in the first place CUPS shouldn't be stopping that many times.. Anyone facing this problem decided to go back to lprng or something? Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Debian and spam
William Ballard wrote: Including nospam in your email name helps a lot. And how do you subscribe to the list with nospam in the e-mail address?!? You'll never receive an e-mail to that address! -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
VPN from win to Linux server: PPTP or OpenVPN or..?
I'm searching for a VPN solution to place in a sarge machine I was wasked to deploy. This machine must allow a connection from a windows laptop to the office network. Well, the office network has the sarge machine behind a ADSL router, therefore I can't use IPSec (AFAIK IPSec needs to be running in the public network, there is no way we can portmap from the router to the sarge machine since IPSec uses other protocols besides TCP/UDP) I then turned my attention to openVPN as they state they run the VPN over a simple udp port. I'm trying to set up a VPN with it at this moment, but I'm having some troubles... while I troubleshoot this, I would like to know if someone had experince with PPTP in this cenario... Can it be a wiser choice? PPTP at least seems to be standart from the microsoft side for ages, while openVPN (in bridge mode - that allows samba broadcasts) only works with XP or above... So, anyone advicing PPTP over OpenVPN? If so, wich server? Poptop? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: debian-user-digest Digest V2004 #1571
Clive Menzies wrote: I've got the netinst image for the new debian-installer (sarge) which I can burn for you, if you mail me off list (I'm in N. London). However, it will leave you with the problem of downloading the current packages. There is also a businesscard CD image which I could also burn but I don't know what it includes. I've used them both to get to debian-installer and install from the network, and while I can't tell you what it includes also, by checking it's size I bet the netinstall has a greater possibility of providing you with base packages for sarge... Most ceartainly the businessdcard cd will need to fetch more thing from the net. -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Can BIND resolve nodomain machine names? myserver, not myserver.mydomain...?
I was using dnsmasq in my networks, with wich I was happy till my ISP changed nameservers and I was left without a network of 10 machines complaining they had no Internet... Well, I decided to setup BIND on those machines, but I am missing a feature of dnsmasq that I can't find a way to setup bind with: dnsmasq reads /etc/hosts and is able to respond to queries to whatever is in that file... we can setup /etc/hosts with: 192.168.1.1 myserver 192.168.1.2 proxy 192.168.1.3 printServer and query from the network for these names... Does anyone knows how to setup bind to do this? It ony seems to be able to read configs for domains/zones, and I've tried zone with no sucess... I know how to work around this: I setup my local network names in mydomain zone and setup all my clients to search mydomain... but before doing all these changes I would like to be sure there is no way to do what dnsmasq did... Anyone knows? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Can BIND resolve nodomain machine names? myserver, not myserver.mydomain...?
Thanks for the reply Andrea, but no... nowadays /etc/host.conf is not even relevant as it's (old) behaviour is now (since libc6?) defined in /etc/nsswitch.conf It would configure the way the dns client lookups up names, looking at local files and then to name server... But it's a client behaviour, it does not affect BIND AFAIK... Andrea Vettorello wrote: IIRC you need to add a line order hosts,bind on your /etc/host.conf... Andrea -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: SCSI Disk/Controller advice please
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Sat, Oct 30, 2004 at 07:10:53AM -0500, Tim Kelley wrote: On Sat, Oct 30, 2004 at 12:01:43AM +0100, Joao Clemente wrote: Which are the tradeoffs of hard vs software raid1? What happens/How do we proceed if 1 disk fails (how do we know it, how do we replace/resync them?) Software raid eats up more CPU, but linux' software raid seems to be rather good. Doing the root filesystem on raid in linux is kind of a PITA. Not if you're doing a fresh install with the Sarge debian-installer CD. SW RAID-1 was downright easy. Good news then! I was actually thinking of following the instructions on http://juerd.nl/site.plp/debianraid that installed woody on a software raid1, using knoppix to start things up and then bootstrapping woody (whatever bootstrapping means) I'll use a vmware virtual PC with 2 virtual scsi disks to try the Sarge installer CD, while I wait for the real hardware to get to my hands... Thanks for the tip! -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: SCSI Disk/Controller advice please
Hi Paolo, Alvin, Pigeon, Ron Tim, thanks for all the replies... Paolo Alexis Falcone wrote: [snip] Which are the tradeoffs of hard vs software raid1? What happens/How do we proceed if 1 disk fails (how do we know it, how do we replace/resync them?) [snip] Do note though that RAID 1 won't help you that much - it's better if you could try higher RAID levels (RAID 5) for data integrity. RAID 1 will only mirror disks - and that would also mean should there be errors in one disk it gets propagated to the mirror as well. Alvin, first off all I'm aware of high availability solutions (I've done my master thesis on those setups), but together with HA solutions we can use RAID anyway... Alvin and Paolo, I'm quite stunned with these claims that errors on one disk will be propagated to the other when using RAID1. It still makes no sense to me that something like that could happen. Quoting Tim: problem with raid1 ( aka mirror ) - if one disk goes bad, the other disk will copy that bad info onto the good disk the whole point of mirror, both disk is identical Completely false. Physical disk errors mirrored by raid? No, No, No. Fat fingered deletes? Yes. Paolo, as far as I understand your statements, you state this behaviour (suposing that it does happen) does not happen with RAID5. Why? With RAID5 you checksum data and in RAID1 you mirror sectors? I've googled for these problems you claim in RAID1 and haven't found nothing stating that these things could happen! Altough I'll not be going to SCA (as it appears to add somewhat significant $$$ to my environment where I don't neet 24/7 availability), just confirm this: There is no SCA controllers. The controllers have 68 pins wich connect to the hot-swap rack (wich will also receive power from a regular power cable) and the hot-swap rack will have the sca connector to connect to a sca disk. Is that it? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
SCSI Disk/Controller advice please
Hi. For the first time I'm gonna setup a server with SCSI disks (until now I've done it only with IDE - regular ATA or SATA) I'm getting a completly new server (P4 3Ghz, Dual-Channel DDR 400, MB with intel chipset) and, while I have a good ideia on these components, I would like to setup a RAID-1 system with SCSI disks... I'm looking for advice on these: wich scsi controller should I buy? Software or Hardware RAID-1? Wich disk brand? (I'm getting a couple of 36GB, it is more than enough space for my setup) Which are the tradeoffs of hard vs software raid1? What happens/How do we proceed if 1 disk fails (how do we know it, how do we replace/resync them?) This server can be shutdown for maintenance at off-work hours, so I don't need any hot-plugging capability.. (this is a controller feature, right?) I'm quite confused about all the SCSI variations.. This is what I've found so far are somewhat like this: - SCSI disks, all Ultra320Wide: Seagate Cheetah 10K 68 pin,36Gb - 160 EUR Fujitsu 10K 68 pin,36Gb - 150 EUR Fujitsu10K SCA/80pin, 36Gb - 150 EUR Fujitsu 15K 68 pin,18Gb - 185 EUR Fujitsu15K SCA/80pin, 18Gb - 185 EUR Ok, no problem with these... any brand/model suggestions? - Controllers Several Adaptec SCSI Cards from 200 to 400 EUR, wich can have: - 32 or 64bit - 160MB or Ultra320 - Raid (or not, when they say nothing.. I think) (the RAID ones start at 400 EUR and I've seen up to 950 EUR) I'm confused... none of the descriptions of the Adaptec controller I've seen state the connectors (68/80 pins)... now add more controller to the mess: Tekram PCI DC395UW - 56 EUR Tekram PCI DC390U2B - 102 EUR Tekram PCI DC390U2W Ultra 2 Low WIDE SCSI - 126 EUR Tekram PCI DC390U3W Ultra 3 WIDE SCSI 160 - 182 EUR Tekram PCI DC390U4W Ultra 4 WIDE SCSI 320 - 223 EUR Damn... Really confused... Please confirm these toughs also: UltraWideSCSI = 68 pin ... What is 2, 3 or 4 ?!? These seem similar to ATA 66/100/133 - the bus speed, is that it? So, what's SCA? None of these controllers says SCA... Any help? Ps: I supose getting a SCSI crontroller built-in on the motherboard is stupid? Those are low-value/performance controllers? Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: SCSI Disk/Controller advice please - fun
Hi Alvin, thanks for the quick reply. Some comments and questions, tough: Alvin Oga wrote: On Sat, 30 Oct 2004, Joao Clemente wrote: I'm getting a completly new server (P4 3Ghz, Dual-Channel DDR 400, MB with intel chipset) and, while I have a good ideia on these components, I would like to setup a RAID-1 system with SCSI disks... there is zero point ot setting up raid-1 if you do not need to be online 24x7 ?!? What if a drive fails while on those 12h/day where people are actually using them? This will be a fileserver where documents are constantly changed/added/removed during the work hours! problem with raid1 ( aka mirror ) - if one disk goes bad, the other disk will copy that bad info onto the good disk the whole point of mirror, both disk is identical Well, I never used it before, I tought it was somewhat smarter... like mirror UNTIL a drive goes bad. At that point stop mirroring, ignore failed drive, alert someone [...] if you insist on using raid1 ... do software raid1 so you can monitor it and maintain it if you use hw raid1, you will suffer from not being able to monitor it and at the mercy of the hw vendor to provide you monitoring/maintenance tools I see your point. Very good point! - for the costs of the $200 hw raid1 controller, you can buy how many additional disks to do your mirroring with rsync and tar and other backup apps How diferent is a every minute cronjob rsync'ing content in both drives to RAID1 (regarding the problem you stated above): bad info gets sync'ed to the good disk anyway... doesn't it? Which are the tradeoffs of hard vs software raid1? What happens/How do we proceed if 1 disk fails (how do we know it, how do we replace/resync them?) with raid1 .. you're gonna be S.O.L if one disk dies in a bad way that will make the good disk also go bad A drive failure may lock the whole disk array? there is zero point in plugging an expensive 64-bit controller into a 32bit slot :-) Stupid of me for asking this one... heheheh Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Courier-imap setup problem: Maildir not found?
Courier-IMAP requires that user's $HOME/Maildir/ exists and the permissions are set so the user can chdir into this directory (usually 700). Try `man maildirmake` or `man courier.maildirmake`. Before your mails get delivered into a Maildir instead of a mbox file, you have to setup your MTA (exim) appropriately. afaik there's even an example config in /usr/share/doc/exim/... So, the install process of courier-imap seems buggy, but I guess it is specific to some condition I have, since I see no bug report or thread about these issues. What do I need to do to get this working? It's not buggy :) You can't expect courier package to create a Maildir/ for each user upon install... Thank you for your reply. I have read the maildirmake man page before but maybe I've missed the line saying where should the mailfolder be. I think a cd /home/$USER; maildirmake Maildir for all users will do the trick then. Thank you I was suspecting that bit your refered from exim, but I was not even sure exim was left in the installation. I think I got lost with what is running in my system.. PS: Actually, I would expect courier to do it... at lest for the users created AFTER courier install... (This would be something like writing to the /etc/skel , if I'm not mistaken)... but ok :-) Just to end the thread: I kept having problems after changing what seemed obvious in /etc/exim/exim.conf (This file comments say to uncomment maildir_format). I found the solution at http://talk.trekweb.com/~jasonb/articles/exim_maildir_imap.shtml Thanks to Todd Pytel and Igor Stroh for the help given. Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Courier-imap setup problem: Maildir not found?
- Original Message - From: Igor Stroh [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Monday, June 02, 2003 12:24 AM Subject: Re: Courier-imap setup problem: Maildir not found? Courier-IMAP requires that user's $HOME/Maildir/ exists and the permissions are set so the user can chdir into this directory (usually 700). Try `man maildirmake` or `man courier.maildirmake`. Before your mails get delivered into a Maildir instead of a mbox file, you have to setup your MTA (exim) appropriately. afaik there's even an example config in /usr/share/doc/exim/... So, the install process of courier-imap seems buggy, but I guess it is specific to some condition I have, since I see no bug report or thread about these issues. What do I need to do to get this working? It's not buggy :) You can't expect courier package to create a Maildir/ for each user upon install... Thank you for your reply. I have read the maildirmake man page before but maybe I've missed the line saying where should the mailfolder be. I think a cd /home/$USER; maildirmake Maildir for all users will do the trick then. Thank you I was suspecting that bit your refered from exim, but I was not even sure exim was left in the installation. I think I got lost with what is running in my system.. PS: Actually, I would expect courier to do it... at lest for the users created AFTER courier install... (This would be something like writing to the /etc/skel , if I'm not mistaken)... but ok :-) -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Mutt e-mail charset. Read is bad, write is ok.
I think I'm missing something here but I can't figure out what that option is: My language (Portuguese) has those vocals with signs on top (the acute, grave, tilde, ...). My editor is set to vi and I can write those letters fine ( á, ò ). However, I can't read them, either in index or pager mode. I'm guessing it's some charset related option.. But how does it affects only pager and index, and does not affect editor? Thank you -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Mutt select language for ispell
Is there a way to select the language ispell uses for spell checking? I have both English and Portuguese dictionaries installed, but I don't see a way to tell mutt to choose Portuguese when I want to.. It always uses English, that is the default one... Thanks Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
gaim other protocols like msn..
Is there a way to apt-get gaim and get the other protocols enabled? Im particular I was looking for msn support. I've once had gaim installed from sources and i had msn, irc and other, and in this one (debian package) I don't have any of those... Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Mutt select language for ispell
On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 08:17:56AM -0600, Nathan Poznick wrote: Thus spake Joao Clemente: Is there a way to select the language ispell uses for spell checking? I have both English and Portuguese dictionaries installed, but I don't see a way to tell mutt to choose Portuguese when I want to.. It always uses English, that is the default one... In your .muttrc, you can do: set ispell=some command here Thus, you could tell it to use ispell -d otherlanguage I see... but no real-time way to do it... hmmm.. Thank you for the reply! -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: gaim other protocols like msn..
On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 05:45:14PM +0300, Subredu Manuel wrote: Have you tryied to apt-get install gaim, gaim, Tools-Plugins-Load ? Shame on me :( ... Thank you. -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Mutt e-mail charset. Read is bad, write is ok.
On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 02:35:45PM +0100, Joao Clemente wrote: I think I'm missing something here but I can't figure out what that option is: My language (Portuguese) has those vocals with signs on top (the acute, grave, tilde, ...). My editor is set to vi and I can write those letters fine ( á, ò ). However, I can't read them, either in index or pager mode. I'm guessing it's some charset related option.. But how does it affects only pager and index, and does not affect editor? Answering myself: I've notisted that some other things also didn't worked with Portuguese characters, like joe or even the console... The problem after all was that I hadn't installed locales.. so: apt-get locales select your locales. In my setup was everything pt_PT export [EMAIL PROTECTED] that's it! (I think I'll put my LANG settings at /etc/profile or .bashrc or someother) Thanks for reading! Joao Clemente -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wwwoffle or squid?
I just took a look at wwwoffle's homepage, and I found no reason why not to use it instead of squid... But there must be some guidelines that one can follow to choose one or the other.. Is squid worth it in terms of extra performace or better reliability, when compared to wwwoffle? I'll use the proxy to serve half a dozen clients, not more. I think squid has features for bigger deployments, like ICP protocol, for instance. So, is there a reason for using squid instead of wwwoffle? Or one for using wwwoffle instead of squid? Thanks -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: mutt and aliases
On Thu, Mar 20, 2003 at 08:52:50PM -0500, Hall Stevenson wrote: I have this line source ~/.mutt.aliases in my .muttrc file, but when I *add* an alias, it wants to add it to .muttrc and not .mutt_aliases. I'm guessing that that line only tells mutt where to LOOK when it needs to lookup an alias, NOT to save them when I create one. Is it possible to have mutt *write* to the alias file I spec'd ?? I have the feeling that its the set alias_file=~/.mail_aliases described in the manual. Btw, how do you take out addresses automatically? I've tried to use the mail2alias add-on, but I didn't find it very good... It would take only the 1rst address it would find and I usually wanted some other address... -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Where to put environment variables?
On Friday 28 February 2003 01:06, praveen kallakuri wrote: your console may not be spawning a login shell. thats when /etc/profile is not read (in other words, /etc/profile is read when you spawn a login shell). trying using a standard terminal. or alternatively, put your environment variables in .bashrc in your HOME. and source .bashrc in your .bash_profile. I think that is not the problem I'm facing: When I start kde through startx my konsole has the enviroment set up properly. When I start kde through kdm, the same console does not have the environment set up. If I had the problem you talk about, I would face it either way, right? Thank you for your reply Joao Clemente -- Programming today is a race between software engineers striving to build bigger and better idiot-proof programs and the universe trying to produce bigger and better idiots. So far, the universe is winning. - Richard Cook -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of unsubscribe. Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
