Re: [Emc-users] polyurethane resin casting

2013-10-02 Thread Steve Blackmore
On Mon, 30 Sep 2013 17:33:55 -0700, you wrote:

On Mon, 2013-09-30 at 18:23 -0600, Gregg Eshelman wrote:
 How about trying a different resin? Call Smooth-On and see if they have 
 any recommendations that may fit your needs.
 
 Or perhaps an epoxy might work better? There are many manufacturers of 
 those. One that looks like they have some interesting products is West 
 Systems.

West Systems is well thought of in the boating world. 
Nice easy ratio for catalyzing. Fairly long open times. 

I've used West epoxy resins quite a bit, both lay up and vacuum bagged.
It works very well and there is extensive help and documentation on
their web site. It's a lay up resin, not a casting resin. If you mix a
paper cup of the stuff and leave it, it gets so hot it will burn the cup
and catch fire - done it :)

A friend of mine has a molding company and they use West epoxy a lot.
Bubbles, if introduced are by poor mixing technique or out gassing from
the mold. Epoxy gets hot as it cures, any air or moisture in the mold
material will cause bubbles in the finish as it heats up during curing. 

Resin based molds should be post cured during their manufacturing
process to a higher temperature than the curing temperature of the resin
otherwise the mold will distort. 

His epoxy moldings are oven cured at 60C low vacuum (5lbs), some of the
aerospace and automotive carbon fibre work he does is at 150C + and high
vacuum.

Having said that West epoxy also cures fine at room temperatures, just
takes longer.

Steve Blackmore
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[Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread andy pugh
The PSU on my milling machine blew up again last night. This is the
second time it has happened. I haven't pulled the box out of the
machine yet, but I expect to see this again:
https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/xxfP_tT7Ae0op6GxUhSDvtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0?feat=directlink
Which is a power resistor that has got so hot that it has exploded.
(quite an odd failure mode for a resistor).

The PSU is home-made and consists mainly of a bunch of capacitors and rectifier.

Also in the box are two relays, two power resistors and a timer
circuit. One resistor is a soft-start on the AC input side. When power
is first applied the power passes through one of the resistors to
limit the surge current, and then the timer closes a relay that
short-out that resistor. I am fairly happy that that part of the
circuit is reliable.

A second relay is used in change-over mode. This has a 240V coil
connected to the incoming power. When the PSU is powered up the relay
closes, and supplies power to everything else inside, when the power
goes off the relay opens and the NC contacts connect a crowbar
resistor across the capacitors to discharge them.

I think that the failure mode is that, in the case of a power glitch,
the crowbar relay switches and is discharging 300V DC at a fair
current, then the power returns and the NC contact tries to break 300V
10A and welds the NC contacts closed. Then the NO contacts close and
we now have the crowbar resistor connected directly across the
rectifier output. The crowbar resistor is not sized for continuous
operation.

I think that there are two problems here. If the crowbar contacts on
the relay are welded shut then the power contacts should not be able
to close. I think I need a more explicitly interlocked relay.
Currently I am using: JG64U here:
http://www.maplin.co.uk/round-base-10a-relays-2567

I think that the term I need to search for is force guided but would
like some confirmation that that means what I think it means. Are
contactors more dependable in this sense?

The real problem is that the relay is not capable of breaking 300VDC.
However, DC rated contactors are pretty expensive, and seem to jump
for 220 to 44 and then 690V. I don't think I have room in the box for
the big ones.  I wonder if
http://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/contactors/4111687/ would be OK? It
really should never try to break with the capacitors charged
(interlocked in HAL, which can see the DC bus voltage, and with the
crowbar in circuit the voltage will drop pretty quickly anyway)

My inclination is to look for a solid-state solution, but solid-state
isn't very good at doing anything at all on the basis of the power
going off


-- 
atp
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http://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto

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Re: [Emc-users] polyurethane resin casting

2013-10-02 Thread Erik Friesen
So far, I have realized a number of mistakes.

#1.  I didn't wax the modeling board the first round, so the silicone
surface is much too porous. Because of this, the surface releases bubbles
during molding process and any residual moisture causes issues as well.

#2.  The back suction action starting at gel?? time has to be considered,
and material in place to handle it.

I built a mold out of delrin for testing, and find that bubbles are far
less a problem, almost non existent with the slow set material.  #1 is
deduced from this, in part.

I still would like to try aluminum, but would have to outsource it.
Firstcut seems pricey,
http://www.firstcut.com/FirstQuote.aspx?p=574441wmiu
http://www.firstcut.com/FirstQuote.aspx?p=574440fsir


On Wed, Oct 2, 2013 at 4:20 AM, Sven Wesley svenne.d...@gmail.com wrote:

 2013/10/2 Steve Blackmore st...@pilotltd.net'

  ...
  I've used West epoxy resins quite a bit, both lay up and vacuum bagged.
  It works very well and there is extensive help and documentation on
  their web site. It's a lay up resin, not a casting resin. If you mix a
  paper cup of the stuff and leave it, it gets so hot it will burn the cup
  and catch fire - done it :)
  ...
 
  Steve Blackmore
  --


 It all depends on the characteristics of the resin. I import, consult and
 sell epoxy. I have a catalog of at least 30 different laminating resins and
 at least half of them are good to go for casting and doesn't produce enough
 heat to catch fire even in an isolated bucket. It depends on how aggressive
 the hardener is, Most West System that is sold is pretty fast to avoid
 dripping etc. And then you get heat, yes.

 Best regards,
 Sven

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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread john d norton
Maybe look into using a starter solinoid maybe 12 or 24 v I know but
should handle a fair amount of current failing that could you use all
three phase contacts of a three phase contactor or even four contacts
if you get the spare as n/o


John d norton

C/o John Norton Fabs Ltd

 On 2 Oct 2013, at 10:54, andy pugh bodge...@gmail.com wrote:

 The PSU on my milling machine blew up again last night. This is the
 second time it has happened. I haven't pulled the box out of the
 machine yet, but I expect to see this again:
 https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/xxfP_tT7Ae0op6GxUhSDvtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0?feat=directlink
 Which is a power resistor that has got so hot that it has exploded.
 (quite an odd failure mode for a resistor).

 The PSU is home-made and consists mainly of a bunch of capacitors and 
 rectifier.

 Also in the box are two relays, two power resistors and a timer
 circuit. One resistor is a soft-start on the AC input side. When power
 is first applied the power passes through one of the resistors to
 limit the surge current, and then the timer closes a relay that
 short-out that resistor. I am fairly happy that that part of the
 circuit is reliable.

 A second relay is used in change-over mode. This has a 240V coil
 connected to the incoming power. When the PSU is powered up the relay
 closes, and supplies power to everything else inside, when the power
 goes off the relay opens and the NC contacts connect a crowbar
 resistor across the capacitors to discharge them.

 I think that the failure mode is that, in the case of a power glitch,
 the crowbar relay switches and is discharging 300V DC at a fair
 current, then the power returns and the NC contact tries to break 300V
 10A and welds the NC contacts closed. Then the NO contacts close and
 we now have the crowbar resistor connected directly across the
 rectifier output. The crowbar resistor is not sized for continuous
 operation.

 I think that there are two problems here. If the crowbar contacts on
 the relay are welded shut then the power contacts should not be able
 to close. I think I need a more explicitly interlocked relay.
 Currently I am using: JG64U here:
 http://www.maplin.co.uk/round-base-10a-relays-2567

 I think that the term I need to search for is force guided but would
 like some confirmation that that means what I think it means. Are
 contactors more dependable in this sense?

 The real problem is that the relay is not capable of breaking 300VDC.
 However, DC rated contactors are pretty expensive, and seem to jump
 for 220 to 44 and then 690V. I don't think I have room in the box for
 the big ones.  I wonder if
 http://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/contactors/4111687/ would be OK? It
 really should never try to break with the capacitors charged
 (interlocked in HAL, which can see the DC bus voltage, and with the
 crowbar in circuit the voltage will drop pretty quickly anyway)

 My inclination is to look for a solid-state solution, but solid-state
 isn't very good at doing anything at all on the basis of the power
 going off


 --
 atp
 If you can't fix it, you don't own it.
 http://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto



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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread andy pugh
On 2 October 2013 11:09, john d norton j...@jnfabs.co.uk wrote:
 Maybe look into using a starter solinoid maybe 12 or 24 v I know

It really needs to have interlocked NO / NC contacts and be controlled by 240V.

-- 
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http://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto

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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread John Kasunich
Various companies make contactors intended for DC drives.  They
have a conventional three-pole frame, but the center pole has NC
contacts (the two outer poles have conventional NO contacts).  The
center pole is intended to apply a DB resistor across the motor 
armature after the outer poles disconnect the motor from the drive
output.

By design, it is impossible for the NO and NC contacts to be
closed at the same time.

Asea makes a whole family of them, called the EFLG series.
They have permanant magnet arc blow-outs on the NC pole 
(hence the polarity markings on the contactor below)

http://www.ebay.com/itm/230905835584

That one is from the US ebay and has a 120V coil, you might
have better luck finding a 230V coil on ebay.uk.

http://www.ebay.com/itm/390624331282 is another one, the
coil voltage isn't specified in the auction but the full part number
is, you could google for details.



On Wed, Oct 2, 2013, at 08:21 AM, andy pugh wrote:
 On 2 October 2013 11:09, john d norton j...@jnfabs.co.uk wrote:
  Maybe look into using a starter solinoid maybe 12 or 24 v I know
 
 It really needs to have interlocked NO / NC contacts and be controlled by 
 240V.
 
 -- 
 atp
 If you can't fix it, you don't own it.
 http://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto
 
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  jmkasun...@fastmail.fm

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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread andy pugh
On 2 October 2013 13:54, John Kasunich jmkasun...@fastmail.fm wrote:
 Various companies make contactors intended for DC drives.

Ah, yes, that looks approximately perfect apart from the cost and the
delivery time. (I can't see any on eBay UK)

I have ordered the 220VDC rated contactor from RS, however, as I
wanted a quick solution.

-- 
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If you can't fix it, you don't own it.
http://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto

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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread jrmitchellj .
The relay or contactor you use must be a break before make style.  I like
contactors better as the distance between contacts tends to be larger, so
more time between break  make.
A larger value resistor for bleed off might be in order.
I usually put a very large value resistor across the power supply.  You
waste some power, but you always know the supply has been bled off before
poking into it.

--J. Ray Mitchell Jr.
jrmitche...@gmail.com
(818)324-7573


“Truth is treason in the Empire of Lies.” — Ron Paul




On Wed, Oct 2, 2013 at 6:12 AM, andy pugh bodge...@gmail.com wrote:

 On 2 October 2013 13:54, John Kasunich jmkasun...@fastmail.fm wrote:
  Various companies make contactors intended for DC drives.

 Ah, yes, that looks approximately perfect apart from the cost and the
 delivery time. (I can't see any on eBay UK)

 I have ordered the 220VDC rated contactor from RS, however, as I
 wanted a quick solution.

 --
 atp
 If you can't fix it, you don't own it.
 http://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto


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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread Les Newell
Contactors are generally a lot more robust than relays. Since switching 
to contactors on my supplies I have never had any welded contact issues.

I normally switch the AC before the rectifier instead of the DC. This 
does mean the smoothing caps are permanently connected to the load but 
in my opinion this is a good thing for two reasons. First the caps help 
absorb the reverse energy dump from stopping the motors quickly. 
Secondly in my experience having the DC bus live for a fraction of a 
second after ESTOP helps stop motion quickly. Instead of simply letting 
the motors free wheel the drives will actively try to stop motion until 
the supply dies.

Les

On 02/10/2013 10:54, andy pugh wrote:
 The PSU on my milling machine blew up again last night. This is the
 second time it has happened. I haven't pulled the box out of the
 machine yet, but I expect to see this again:
 https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/xxfP_tT7Ae0op6GxUhSDvtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0?feat=directlink
 Which is a power resistor that has got so hot that it has exploded.
 (quite an odd failure mode for a resistor).

 The PSU is home-made and consists mainly of a bunch of capacitors and 
 rectifier.

 Also in the box are two relays, two power resistors and a timer
 circuit. One resistor is a soft-start on the AC input side. When power
 is first applied the power passes through one of the resistors to
 limit the surge current, and then the timer closes a relay that
 short-out that resistor. I am fairly happy that that part of the
 circuit is reliable.

 A second relay is used in change-over mode. This has a 240V coil
 connected to the incoming power. When the PSU is powered up the relay
 closes, and supplies power to everything else inside, when the power
 goes off the relay opens and the NC contacts connect a crowbar
 resistor across the capacitors to discharge them.

 I think that the failure mode is that, in the case of a power glitch,
 the crowbar relay switches and is discharging 300V DC at a fair
 current, then the power returns and the NC contact tries to break 300V
 10A and welds the NC contacts closed. Then the NO contacts close and
 we now have the crowbar resistor connected directly across the
 rectifier output. The crowbar resistor is not sized for continuous
 operation.

 I think that there are two problems here. If the crowbar contacts on
 the relay are welded shut then the power contacts should not be able
 to close. I think I need a more explicitly interlocked relay.
 Currently I am using: JG64U here:
 http://www.maplin.co.uk/round-base-10a-relays-2567

 I think that the term I need to search for is force guided but would
 like some confirmation that that means what I think it means. Are
 contactors more dependable in this sense?

 The real problem is that the relay is not capable of breaking 300VDC.
 However, DC rated contactors are pretty expensive, and seem to jump
 for 220 to 44 and then 690V. I don't think I have room in the box for
 the big ones.  I wonder if
 http://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/contactors/4111687/ would be OK? It
 really should never try to break with the capacitors charged
 (interlocked in HAL, which can see the DC bus voltage, and with the
 crowbar in circuit the voltage will drop pretty quickly anyway)

 My inclination is to look for a solid-state solution, but solid-state
 isn't very good at doing anything at all on the basis of the power
 going off




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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread andy pugh
On 2 October 2013 14:55, jrmitchellj . jrmitche...@gmail.com wrote:
 The relay or contactor you use must be a break before make style

The ones I have been using are meant to be, but they are not
force-guided to ensure it.

 A larger value resistor for bleed off might be in order.
 I usually put a very large value resistor across the power supply.  You
 waste some power, but you always know the supply has been bled off before
 poking into it.

Do you mean very large in the physical sense or the value sense?

I have 20,000uF of caps at 300V. For a 100W resistor to be happy
steady-state then the minimum resistance it can have is about 1k.
That will take 82 seconds to drop the voltage to 5V, which is longer
than I would like.

I guess I could use a 250W resistor, which is 30s to 5V, or a 1kW
resistor, which is 7.5 seconds to 5V. But both seem wasteful, and I am
not sure I have the space.
(Also quite expensive:
http://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/panel-mount-fixed-resistors/7014059/ )

Currently the 50R 100W resistor which is switched-in only when needed
takes 5 seconds to drop the voltage to comfortable levels. And it
doesn't even get warm in that time. (unless, as has been discovered,
the relay that switches it in manages to weld shut and keep it in
circuit at the same time as the mains supply is connected)

-- 
atp
If you can't fix it, you don't own it.
http://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto

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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread jrmitchellj .
Large in value sense.

--J. Ray Mitchell Jr.
jrmitche...@gmail.com
(818)324-7573


“Truth is treason in the Empire of Lies.” — Ron Paul




On Wed, Oct 2, 2013 at 7:47 AM, andy pugh bodge...@gmail.com wrote:

 On 2 October 2013 14:55, jrmitchellj . jrmitche...@gmail.com wrote:
  The relay or contactor you use must be a break before make style

 The ones I have been using are meant to be, but they are not
 force-guided to ensure it.

  A larger value resistor for bleed off might be in order.
  I usually put a very large value resistor across the power supply.  You
  waste some power, but you always know the supply has been bled off before
  poking into it.

 Do you mean very large in the physical sense or the value sense?

 I have 20,000uF of caps at 300V. For a 100W resistor to be happy
 steady-state then the minimum resistance it can have is about 1k.
 That will take 82 seconds to drop the voltage to 5V, which is longer
 than I would like.

 I guess I could use a 250W resistor, which is 30s to 5V, or a 1kW
 resistor, which is 7.5 seconds to 5V. But both seem wasteful, and I am
 not sure I have the space.
 (Also quite expensive:
 http://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/panel-mount-fixed-resistors/7014059/ )

 Currently the 50R 100W resistor which is switched-in only when needed
 takes 5 seconds to drop the voltage to comfortable levels. And it
 doesn't even get warm in that time. (unless, as has been discovered,
 the relay that switches it in manages to weld shut and keep it in
 circuit at the same time as the mains supply is connected)

 --
 atp
 If you can't fix it, you don't own it.
 http://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto


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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread andy pugh
On 2 October 2013 16:00, jrmitchellj . jrmitche...@gmail.com wrote:

 Large in value sense.

The problem here is that my capacitors are large (in both senses) and
so a large value resistor will take a long time to discharge the caps.

-- 
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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread John Kasunich


On Wed, Oct 2, 2013, at 10:47 AM, andy pugh wrote:

 I guess I could use a 250W resistor, which is 30s to 5V, or a 1kW
 resistor, which is 7.5 seconds to 5V. But both seem wasteful, and I am
 not sure I have the space.
 (Also quite expensive:
 http://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/panel-mount-fixed-resistors/7014059/ )

For intermittent duty (as you are using it - connected only on power down),
the cheapest high-power resistors are heaters.  For example:

$8 gets you 38.4 ohms, 1500W intermittent (or continuous, if wet ;-):
http://www.ebay.com/itm/200960173435
That has more then enough thermal mass to handle 20,000uF at 300V.
I've used 2 of those in series to discharge 24,000uF at 600V (4.8 times
the energy).  The flange makes it fairly easy to mount.

$13 gets the same ohms and watts, but can run continuously if needed:
http://www.ebay.com/itm/131001379245
Just don't put anything meltable nearby.  I've seen these used as DB
resistors for spindle drives - mounted in a mesh box on top of the 
machine so the heat can escape.


-- 
  John Kasunich
  jmkasun...@fastmail.fm

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[Emc-users] Following Error with Steppers

2013-10-02 Thread Russell Brown

I'm getting joint following errors on my Z-Axis when I increase the
jog speed above ~1015 mm/min.

I also see it on X (and presumably Y) when I increase its max speed to
over 2336 mm/min; not quite linear given Z has twice (4mm/rev) the pitch
of X (2mm/rev) with the same microstepping (800/rev).

BTW:  I don't use 2336 mm/min in real life (ACME lead screws :-(); I'm
just playing with the jog button in Axis with the drivers powered down
but the Z axis will certainly do a bit more than 1015 mm/min and I'd
like to use that or at least understand why I can't.

It's a stepper based system using a Mesa 5I25 and the standard
BASE_PERIOD of 50us which should allow 20,000 steps per second
(according to TFM).  The SERVO_PERIOD is 100 (standard).

1015 mm/min is 17 mm/s and my Z STEP_SCALE is set at 200 (4mm pitch, 800
microsteps per rev) so that's 17*200 = 3,400 steps per second which is
well within the 20,000.

I've tried increasing FERROR to silly levels (10), deleting MIN_FERROR
and that doesn't seem to make much difference.

The thing that did make a difference was decreasing the MAX_ACCELERATION
to something really slow like 5mm/s/s, it's normally set at 350, but
playing in pncconf I can get over 40 mm/s with an acceleration of 350
mm/s/s so I don't understand what's going wrong.

I'm obviously being a muppet (what's new?) and misunderstanding
something here.  Could one of you gurus help shine some light on this?

-- 
 Regards,
 Russell
 
| Russell Brown  | MAIL: russ...@lls.com PHONE: 01780 471800 |
| Lady Lodge Systems | WWW Work: http://www.lls.com  |
| Peterborough, England  | WWW Play: http://www.ruffle.me.uk |
 

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Re: [Emc-users] Following Error with Steppers

2013-10-02 Thread Peter C. Wallace
On Wed, 2 Oct 2013, Russell Brown wrote:

 Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2013 17:08:50 +0100 (BST)
 From: Russell Brown russ...@lls.lls.com
 Reply-To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC)
 emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 To: emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 Subject: [Emc-users] Following Error with Steppers
 

 I'm getting joint following errors on my Z-Axis when I increase the
 jog speed above ~1015 mm/min.

 I also see it on X (and presumably Y) when I increase its max speed to
 over 2336 mm/min; not quite linear given Z has twice (4mm/rev) the pitch
 of X (2mm/rev) with the same microstepping (800/rev).

 BTW:  I don't use 2336 mm/min in real life (ACME lead screws :-(); I'm
 just playing with the jog button in Axis with the drivers powered down
 but the Z axis will certainly do a bit more than 1015 mm/min and I'd
 like to use that or at least understand why I can't.

 It's a stepper based system using a Mesa 5I25 and the standard
 BASE_PERIOD of 50us which should allow 20,000 steps per second
 (according to TFM).  The SERVO_PERIOD is 100 (standard).

There should be no base thread at all with hardware stepgens
(it will make things worse and may even be the cause of the following error)



 1015 mm/min is 17 mm/s and my Z STEP_SCALE is set at 200 (4mm pitch, 800
 microsteps per rev) so that's 17*200 = 3,400 steps per second which is
 well within the 20,000.

 I've tried increasing FERROR to silly levels (10), deleting MIN_FERROR
 and that doesn't seem to make much difference.

 The thing that did make a difference was decreasing the MAX_ACCELERATION
 to something really slow like 5mm/s/s, it's normally set at 350, but
 playing in pncconf I can get over 40 mm/s with an acceleration of 350
 mm/s/s so I don't understand what's going wrong.

 I'm obviously being a muppet (what's new?) and misunderstanding
 something here.  Could one of you gurus help shine some light on this?


One thing that is required is that the per axis stepgen maxaccel parameter be 
set to about 20% greater than the machine maxaccel for that axis.



 -- 
 Regards,
 Russell
 
 | Russell Brown  | MAIL: russ...@lls.com PHONE: 01780 471800 |
 | Lady Lodge Systems | WWW Work: http://www.lls.com  |
 | Peterborough, England  | WWW Play: http://www.ruffle.me.uk |
 

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Peter Wallace
Mesa Electronics

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(='.'=) This is Bunny. Copy and paste bunny into your
()_() signature to help him gain world domination.


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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread Russell Brown
Quoth John Kasunich.

$13 gets the same ohms and watts, but can run continuously if needed:
http://www.ebay.com/itm/131001379245

That's brilliant...  stick a kettle on top and Andy automatically gets a
nice cuppa when he's finished making chips :-)

-- 
 Regards,
 Russell
 
| Russell Brown  | MAIL: russ...@lls.com PHONE: 01780 471800 |
| Lady Lodge Systems | WWW Work: http://www.lls.com  |
| Peterborough, England  | WWW Play: http://www.ruffle.me.uk |
 

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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread Dave Cole
Andy,

I think you need to add a sealed in relay on your input power contactor 
circuit.   You start the machine by pushing a power on button which has 
a seal in contact to hold the contactor in place after the button is 
released.   When the power drops out the contactor drops out and will 
not pull back in when the power recovers unless you push the power on 
button.To make it even safer, you can add an auxiliary contact off 
the crowbar relay such that if the crowbar relay is stuck on, the start 
circuit will not function ( a NC axillary contact off the crowbar 
contactor should work).

I'd stick all of this into a metal box just in case something catches on 
fire.. the box should contain the flames.

Contactors are typically much more robust than relays.

Regarding DC vs AC contactors, I would use a regular AC contactor for 
the crowbar contactor.   DC contactors are specialized in that they can 
break DC current which is difficult to do.   You don't need to break DC 
current, you need to conduct DC current..  a different problem that 
should cause little to no arcing.Just interlock the crowbar 
contactor with the infeed contactor so that if the crowbar contactor 
fails stuck on, you don't drive power supply current into the resistor.

Over here (in the USA) we have cheap Fuji contactors available from 
Automation Direct.   I'd find out who sells them in the UK.A 25 amp 
IEC contactor with a 24 vdc coil is about $40.00 US. 
http://www.automationdirect.com/adc/Shopping/Catalog/Motor_Controls/Fuji_Contactors_-z-_Overloads/9_to_25_Amp
 
I have used hundreds of them and they seem to be very durable.

It looks like http://www.lamonde.com/ sells Automation Direct equipment 
in the UK but I don't see Fuji Contactors in the list of items sold.

Dave



On 10/2/2013 5:54 AM, andy pugh wrote:
 The PSU on my milling machine blew up again last night. This is the
 second time it has happened. I haven't pulled the box out of the
 machine yet, but I expect to see this again:
 https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/xxfP_tT7Ae0op6GxUhSDvtMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0?feat=directlink
 Which is a power resistor that has got so hot that it has exploded.
 (quite an odd failure mode for a resistor).

 The PSU is home-made and consists mainly of a bunch of capacitors and 
 rectifier.

 Also in the box are two relays, two power resistors and a timer
 circuit. One resistor is a soft-start on the AC input side. When power
 is first applied the power passes through one of the resistors to
 limit the surge current, and then the timer closes a relay that
 short-out that resistor. I am fairly happy that that part of the
 circuit is reliable.

 A second relay is used in change-over mode. This has a 240V coil
 connected to the incoming power. When the PSU is powered up the relay
 closes, and supplies power to everything else inside, when the power
 goes off the relay opens and the NC contacts connect a crowbar
 resistor across the capacitors to discharge them.

 I think that the failure mode is that, in the case of a power glitch,
 the crowbar relay switches and is discharging 300V DC at a fair
 current, then the power returns and the NC contact tries to break 300V
 10A and welds the NC contacts closed. Then the NO contacts close and
 we now have the crowbar resistor connected directly across the
 rectifier output. The crowbar resistor is not sized for continuous
 operation.

 I think that there are two problems here. If the crowbar contacts on
 the relay are welded shut then the power contacts should not be able
 to close. I think I need a more explicitly interlocked relay.
 Currently I am using: JG64U here:
 http://www.maplin.co.uk/round-base-10a-relays-2567

 I think that the term I need to search for is force guided but would
 like some confirmation that that means what I think it means. Are
 contactors more dependable in this sense?

 The real problem is that the relay is not capable of breaking 300VDC.
 However, DC rated contactors are pretty expensive, and seem to jump
 for 220 to 44 and then 690V. I don't think I have room in the box for
 the big ones.  I wonder if
 http://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/contactors/4111687/ would be OK? It
 really should never try to break with the capacitors charged
 (interlocked in HAL, which can see the DC bus voltage, and with the
 crowbar in circuit the voltage will drop pretty quickly anyway)

 My inclination is to look for a solid-state solution, but solid-state
 isn't very good at doing anything at all on the basis of the power
 going off



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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread andy pugh
On 2 October 2013 17:33, Dave Cole linuxcncro...@gmail.com wrote:

 When the power drops out the contactor drops out and will
 not pull back in when the power recovers unless you push the power on
 button.

I think I am happy to trust this to HAL. I may add an input to HAL
from the contactor discharging mode active and interlock that to the
DC bus voltage so that I can't re-energise the PSU until the caps are
down below a few volts.

(There is a separate LinuxCNC-controlled contactor that powers up all
the AC loads, servo PSU, VFD, Ikea LED lights…)

-- 
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If you can't fix it, you don't own it.
http://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto

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Re: [Emc-users] Following Error with Steppers

2013-10-02 Thread Russell Brown
Quoth Peter C. Wallace.
On Wed, 2 Oct 2013, Russell Brown wrote:

 It's a stepper based system using a Mesa 5I25 and the standard
 BASE_PERIOD of 50us which should allow 20,000 steps per second
 (according to TFM).

There should be no base thread at all with hardware stepgens
(it will make things worse and may even be the cause of the following error)

The original config from pncconf didn't have the BASE_PERIOD in the .ini
file.  I did put one in during my flailing around but I've just taken it
out and there's no difference.

However, it looks like my .hal file (pncconf generated) doesn't use it
anyway:-

Mesa_Mill.hal:loadrt [EMCMOT]EMCMOT servo_period_nsec=[EMCMOT]SERVO_PERIOD 
num_joints=[TRAJ]AXES

and talking of the .hal file, the only thing that's changed from the
pncconf generated version is AFAIR that I had to comment out the
following two lines:

loadrt abs names=
loadrt lowpass names=

as linuxcnc won't start with them in the file.


One thing that is required is that the per axis stepgen maxaccel parameter be 
set to about 20% greater than the machine maxaccel for that axis.

I did have it set to double (700).  Just tried 420 (350 * 1.2).  No
difference :-(


FWIW, I've stuck my .ini and .hal files here:

http://ruffle.me.uk/cnc/Mesa_Mill.ini
http://ruffle.me.uk/cnc/Mesa_Mill.hal

if anyone's kind enough to have a quick gander and tell me what stupid
mistake I've made I'd be very grateful.

-- 
 Regards,
 Russell
 
| Russell Brown  | MAIL: russ...@lls.com PHONE: 01780 471800 |
| Lady Lodge Systems | WWW Work: http://www.lls.com  |
| Peterborough, England  | WWW Play: http://www.ruffle.me.uk |
 

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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread Jon Elson
andy pugh wrote:
 I think that the failure mode is that, in the case of a power glitch,
 the crowbar relay switches and is discharging 300V DC at a fair
 current, then the power returns and the NC contact tries to break 300V
 10A and welds the NC contacts closed. Then the NO contacts close and
 we now have the crowbar resistor connected directly across the
 rectifier output. The crowbar resistor is not sized for continuous
 operation.
   
If this is the case, the contacts will still be welded, so open up the 
relay and
examine it.  Normal relays are severely derated for DC, and breaking 300 V
DC cannot be accomplished by any standard relay.  It probably doesn't take
a glitch on the mains, just after so many on/off cycles, you will get a 
failure
as the contacts degrade.  One way to solve the fire problem is to put a fuse
(correctly rated for 300 V DC) in series with the source, and strap it to
the resistor.  When the resistor overheats, it will melt the fuse.  But, 
that
will be a safety hack, rather than a fix.  Use double-break contactors with
large contact spacing for 600 V+, or use a FET to control the dump
resistor.

Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] Following Error with Steppers

2013-10-02 Thread John Thornton
You might post this on the forum in the pncconf section, it does sound 
like a little bug with pncconf.

Is this a 5i25/7i76 combo? You might just try a plain config that is 
known to work...

http://gnipsel.com/linuxcnc/configs/index.html

JT

On 10/2/2013 12:26 PM, Russell Brown wrote:
 Quoth Peter C. Wallace.
 On Wed, 2 Oct 2013, Russell Brown wrote:

 It's a stepper based system using a Mesa 5I25 and the standard
 BASE_PERIOD of 50us which should allow 20,000 steps per second
 (according to TFM).
 There should be no base thread at all with hardware stepgens
 (it will make things worse and may even be the cause of the following error)
 The original config from pncconf didn't have the BASE_PERIOD in the .ini
 file.  I did put one in during my flailing around but I've just taken it
 out and there's no difference.

 However, it looks like my .hal file (pncconf generated) doesn't use it
 anyway:-

 Mesa_Mill.hal:loadrt [EMCMOT]EMCMOT servo_period_nsec=[EMCMOT]SERVO_PERIOD 
 num_joints=[TRAJ]AXES

 and talking of the .hal file, the only thing that's changed from the
 pncconf generated version is AFAIR that I had to comment out the
 following two lines:

   loadrt abs names=
   loadrt lowpass names=

 as linuxcnc won't start with them in the file.


 One thing that is required is that the per axis stepgen maxaccel parameter be
 set to about 20% greater than the machine maxaccel for that axis.
 I did have it set to double (700).  Just tried 420 (350 * 1.2).  No
 difference :-(


 FWIW, I've stuck my .ini and .hal files here:

 http://ruffle.me.uk/cnc/Mesa_Mill.ini
 http://ruffle.me.uk/cnc/Mesa_Mill.hal

 if anyone's kind enough to have a quick gander and tell me what stupid
 mistake I've made I'd be very grateful.



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[Emc-users] CNC meeting near Chicago

2013-10-02 Thread Jon Elson
In case people don't know, there will be a CNC-related meeting October
5th (Saturday) in Wheaton, IL.  Contact saku...@gmail.com
for more info, or check http://www.osmoces.org/
It is at the IIT Rice campus.

I'll be there representing LinuxCNC, and bring along my minimill
to demo.  I will give a talk about history and capabilities of LinuxCNC
at 10:30 AM, but will have the mill set up all day.

Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] Following Error with Steppers

2013-10-02 Thread andy pugh
On 2 October 2013 18:26, Russell Brown russ...@lls.lls.com wrote:

 loadrt abs names=
 loadrt lowpass names=

This is a stepfconf bug. I can't recall what prompts it. I thought it
was fixed. (it tries to load a bunch of components with blank names,
and then their pin names collide)

 http://ruffle.me.uk/cnc/Mesa_Mill.ini
 http://ruffle.me.uk/cnc/Mesa_Mill.hal

The INI file Z axis max velocity in the INI is a lot higher than the
stepgen max velocity in the HAL file.

Also, the HAL file is not actually looking in the INI file for the
stepgen maxaccel, so ini file settings are not having any effect.
(Which version of PNCconf is this? It is making a lot of mistakes). If
you look in the HAL file both stepgen accel and velocity are absolute
values rather than being sucked out of the INI file.


-- 
atp
If you can't fix it, you don't own it.
http://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto

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[Emc-users] Highz-720 with Zero3 controller

2013-10-02 Thread RINDERT SCHUTTEN
I have a Highz-720 CNC machine from Heiz in Germany . 
I cant get EMC to work with it.I run Linux-CNC 2.4.6

I also have another CNC machine for which EMC works perfectly!

Any suggestions? Anyone else has this combination?


Rindert Schutten
Designer/Owner SchuttenWorks

Find us on the Web at  http://schuttenworks.com
Like us on Facebook at  https://www.facebook.com/schuttenworks
-

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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread andy pugh
On 2 October 2013 18:28, Jon Elson el...@pico-systems.com wrote:

 If this is the case, the contacts will still be welded, so open up the
 relay and  examine it.

I will, but as I still have the welded relay from last time, I think I
know that it can happen.

 Normal relays are severely derated for DC, and breaking 300 V
 DC cannot be accomplished by any standard relay.  It probably doesn't take
 a glitch on the mains, just after so many on/off cycles, you will get a
 failure as the contacts degrade.

The relay should never even try to _break_ 300V DC. It _makes_ 300V DC
to discharge the caps, but should only ever break when the caps are at
0V.

  or use a FET to control the dump resistor.

I would like to do this, but I am not sure how to wire a FET to
discharge the cap when AC power is removed (Whereas an NC relay does
this easily)
I though of using the fact that Thyristors latch on when current is
flowing, but then I think I run the risk of restoring AC power while
the device is still conducting, with the same result.

-- 
atp
If you can't fix it, you don't own it.
http://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto

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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread John Kasunich


On Wed, Oct 2, 2013, at 01:58 PM, andy pugh wrote:
 On 2 October 2013 18:28, Jon Elson el...@pico-systems.com wrote:

 
   or use a FET to control the dump resistor.
 
 I would like to do this, but I am not sure how to wire a FET to
 discharge the cap when AC power is removed (Whereas an NC relay does
 this easily)

One way to use a FET (or IGBT) for this:

Put a 12 to 15V zener diode from gate to source.

Put a resistor from gate to drain.  The resistor should be chosen
to deliver 10-20mA.  For 300V, that means 15-30K.  It will dissipate
3-6 watts, so size it conservatively.

Connect a low power relay such that when power is on it shorts the
gate to the source, turning the FET off.  When the power goes off, the
relay opens, and the 10mA current charges the gate until the zener
clamps it.  That turns the FET on.  Once the bus discharges below
12V the gate voltage will droop, but at that point you don't care.

Note that just like the relay, the FET can fail in the ON position,
applying steady state power to your bleeder resistor.

In one project I worked on, we used the water heater elements
and mounted a small bi-metal snap-disk thermostat to the
element.  If the element overheats because of continuous power,
the thermostat opens and kills main power by turning off the main
contactor.

-- 
  John Kasunich
  jmkasun...@fastmail.fm

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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread Dave Cole
That could work as well.

I thought this was part of your safety circuit to bring the power supply 
voltage down to zero ASAP.   As in the motor is running away and I need 
to kill the drive.

Dave



On 10/2/2013 1:11 PM, andy pugh wrote:
 On 2 October 2013 17:33, Dave Cole linuxcncro...@gmail.com wrote:

 When the power drops out the contactor drops out and will
 not pull back in when the power recovers unless you push the power on
 button.
 I think I am happy to trust this to HAL. I may add an input to HAL
 from the contactor discharging mode active and interlock that to the
 DC bus voltage so that I can't re-energise the PSU until the caps are
 down below a few volts.

 (There is a separate LinuxCNC-controlled contactor that powers up all
 the AC loads, servo PSU, VFD, Ikea LED lights…)


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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread Stephen Dubovsky
Just wire the relay to the AC line.  Connect the resistor to the COM  NC
contacts.  Relay connects bleeder resistors when AC line is removed.  No
need to get fancy.


Stephen


On Wed, Oct 2, 2013 at 2:43 PM, Dave Cole linuxcncro...@gmail.com wrote:

 That could work as well.

 I thought this was part of your safety circuit to bring the power supply
 voltage down to zero ASAP.   As in the motor is running away and I need
 to kill the drive.

 Dave



 On 10/2/2013 1:11 PM, andy pugh wrote:
  On 2 October 2013 17:33, Dave Cole linuxcncro...@gmail.com wrote:
 
  When the power drops out the contactor drops out and will
  not pull back in when the power recovers unless you push the power on
  button.
  I think I am happy to trust this to HAL. I may add an input to HAL
  from the contactor discharging mode active and interlock that to the
  DC bus voltage so that I can't re-energise the PSU until the caps are
  down below a few volts.
 
  (There is a separate LinuxCNC-controlled contactor that powers up all
  the AC loads, servo PSU, VFD, Ikea LED lights…)
 


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Re: [Emc-users] Crowbars

2013-10-02 Thread andy pugh
On 2 October 2013 20:41, Stephen Dubovsky smdubov...@gmail.com wrote:
 Just wire the relay to the AC line.  Connect the resistor to the COM  NC
 contacts.  Relay connects bleeder resistors when AC line is removed.  No
 need to get fancy.

That was what I thought.
https://plus.google.com/photos/108164504656404380542/albums/5930254306221907233
Has twice been the result.

The problem comes when the relay attempts to open for whatever reason
while the caps are not fully discharged. (such as a momentary power
glitch)

However, there is a similar problem using a solid-state solution, as
exactly the same thing will happen if the FET is latched on.

-- 
atp
If you can't fix it, you don't own it.
http://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto

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[Emc-users] What does these do?

2013-10-02 Thread Sven Wesley
Power up brakes?
There were nine of these at the power source side in the mill I am
retrofitting. They are grouped in three. I guess they have something to do
with the power-on process. Or energy dumping when stopping the spindle.
On top of that I have no idea why they are connected like this.

Please enlighten me!
Sven
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Re: [Emc-users] What does these do?

2013-10-02 Thread Sven Wesley
2013/10/3 Sven Wesley svenne.d...@gmail.com

 Power up brakes?
 There were nine of these at the power source side in the mill I am
 retrofitting. They are grouped in three. I guess they have something to do
 with the power-on process. Or energy dumping when stopping the spindle.
 On top of that I have no idea why they are connected like this.

 Please enlighten me!
 Sven


Would be so much easier if I added the images...
http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7454/10060787165_14d7c48292_b.jpg
http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7343/10060783435_454908a156_b.jpg
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Re: [Emc-users] What does these do?

2013-10-02 Thread Dave Cole
Probably braking resistors for the spindle.   The resistors are 
connected across the 3 phases of the motor to bring the motor to a rapid 
stop.

Looks like they are wired in a Wye or Star connection..One center 
connection and the three phases which probably connect to a contactor 
which is connected across the motor during rapid braking.

Dave



On 10/2/2013 7:47 PM, Sven Wesley wrote:
 2013/10/3 Sven Wesley svenne.d...@gmail.com

 Power up brakes?
 There were nine of these at the power source side in the mill I am
 retrofitting. They are grouped in three. I guess they have something to do
 with the power-on process. Or energy dumping when stopping the spindle.
 On top of that I have no idea why they are connected like this.

 Please enlighten me!
 Sven

 Would be so much easier if I added the images...
 http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7454/10060787165_14d7c48292_b.jpg
 http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7343/10060783435_454908a156_b.jpg
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Re: [Emc-users] Following Error with Steppers

2013-10-02 Thread Chris Morley


 From: bodge...@gmail.com
 Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2013 18:47:08 +0100
 To: emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 Subject: Re: [Emc-users] Following Error with Steppers
 
 On 2 October 2013 18:26, Russell Brown russ...@lls.lls.com wrote:
 
  loadrt abs names=
  loadrt lowpass names=
 
 This is a stepfconf bug. I can't recall what prompts it. I thought it
 was fixed. (it tries to load a bunch of components with blank names,
 and then their pin names collide)
 

Pncconf bug -but is probably fixed. what version was this made with?

  http://ruffle.me.uk/cnc/Mesa_Mill.ini
  http://ruffle.me.uk/cnc/Mesa_Mill.hal
 
 The INI file Z axis max velocity in the INI is a lot higher than the
 stepgen max velocity in the HAL file.
 

I'm sure that was hand edited.

 Also, the HAL file is not actually looking in the INI file for the
 stepgen maxaccel, so ini file settings are not having any effect.
 (Which version of PNCconf is this? It is making a lot of mistakes). If
 you look in the HAL file both stepgen accel and velocity are absolute
 values rather than being sucked out of the INI file.
 

That is the way it was meant to be.
PNCconf has no stepgen_max entries.
If they are there - they are hand edited.

Chris M

  
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Re: [Emc-users] CNC meeting near Chicago

2013-10-02 Thread TJoseph Powderly
On 10/02/2013 12:40 PM, Jon Elson wrote:
 In case people don't know, there will be a CNC-related meeting October
 5th (Saturday) in Wheaton, IL.  Contact saku...@gmail.com
 for more info, or check http://www.osmoces.org/
 It is at the IIT Rice campus.

 I'll be there representing LinuxCNC, and bring along my minimill
 to demo.  I will give a talk about history and capabilities of LinuxCNC
 at 10:30 AM, but will have the mill set up all day.

 Jon

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Wow, thx Jon
need anything? I'm in Elgin, could save you carrying stuff
registered / bought tix already
I hadnt heard _anything_ about this
thx
TomP

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Re: [Emc-users] CNC meeting near Chicago

2013-10-02 Thread Jon Elson
TJoseph Powderly wrote:

 Wow, thx Jon
 need anything? I'm in Elgin, could save you carrying stuff
 registered / bought tix already
 I hadnt heard _anything_ about this
 thx
   
Yes, this is more a mechatronics sort of thing than specifically CNC, but
I think there will be significant interest anyway.  (Didn't even know 
anybody
had to pay, I guess I get in free because I'm giving a talk.)  But, I 
see this
costs a lot less than the CNC Workshop!

Jon

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