[biofuel] Bashing biodiesel (esp. homebrew) online
I've just had this thread brought to my attention on thedieselpage.com. There looks to be a lot of people over there bashing biodiesel as holding too much water and potentially destroying the high pressure injection systems on the Chevrolet duramax diesel. They are being especially harsh on homebrew and on fuel made from waste oil. One or two of the people who are defending biodiesel in general sound like they are talking the NBB line about homebrewers and waste oil causing quality problems and suggesting everyone stay away from it. I don't yet have the experience or the hard numbers to defend biodiesel, but I'm sure more than one person on here does. Here's the link: http://forum.thedieselpage.com/ubb/ultimatebb.php?ubb=get_topic;f=3;t=007240 Thanks, Ryan [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Colour of latest batch
Hi Todd, Thanks for the advice. I actually was in error regarding the separation time, it's more like 10 to 15 minutes. Sorry about that, I did not have enough coffee in my system I made that error. As to the washings, the ones in question were only a couple of hours in duration. The most recent batch only took 4. The first wash was with a little vinegar in the water which I let go for about 6 hours. The last 3 washings last no less than 24 hours each. I got clear water on the 3rd ran a 4th wash just to be certain. No harm in erring on the side of caution. The current 7 litre batch is questionable, so I would feel better about reprocessing it, but I'm unsure if it needs a full reprocessing or just the 2nd Stage. The Brunette stock comes from a Long John Silver's near where I work. The oil / shortening mix is dark amber with a slight tinge of orange I'm sure it's heavily used. Thanks again. Sincerely, Gregg Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Gregg, Fuel from shortening makes perfectly fine biodiesel. Actually it makes fuel of higher energy content than other less saturated feedstocks. If the water wash test is taking half of one hour to split, you've got an incomplete reaction. Draw off 200 ml of what you believe to be biodiesel and reprocess it to see if more glyc drops.. Also, if it's taking four or five washes before you get a clean rinse, something is amiss. As for the colour of the fuel, that is largely determined by the degree that the parent stock was abused. While the fuel colour will be considerably lighter than the parent stock when finished, you'll never get blonde fuel out of brunette oil. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: gregg2560 [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, August 06, 2004 8:16 AM Subject: [biofuel] Colour of latest batch Hi All, I'm at a bit of a loss regarding the colour of my latest batch of biodiesel. It is a medium amber rather than pale straw yellow. This particular batch went through about 8 washes. The water in the first one or two was quite milky as expected, washes 3 - 6 got increasingly clear, the last 2 looked like clean water. I checked the pH it was 6.8 to 7.2. I also did the shake test, the BD water separated within 30 - 45 minutes. The only thing I can think of is that this batch was made from vegetable shortening rather than oil. I'm wondering if maybe I should run it back through the process (Aleks Kac Method). As always, any help, advice, or suggestions are appreciated. Sincerely, Gregg Davidson Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups SponsorADVERTISEMENT - Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. - Do you Yahoo!? New and Improved Yahoo! Mail - 100MB free storage! [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
RE: [biofuel] Colour of latest batch
I am also in the process of washing my first batch. It has had one wash so far. When it came in contact with water it turned completely milky white. And did not separate for about 15 minutes. And I think some chemical reaction took place as the quantity of gas in the container (2.5l cocacola bottle) diminished. Is there anythin wrong here? I am a bit confused about the shake test, do you apply it to unwashed or washed biodiesel. Thank you, Teoman Naskali [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] WVO storage and titration
I have just found 2 sources for my wvo, university cantines, they produce quite a lot of wvo. When I collect the wvo can I put it all in one tank (after it has been filtered ofcourse)and then titrate it? (since I get like 10 kg at a time). The first sample that I have received (3 liters) has some solid fat (whiteish) at the bottom which I think is animal fat. How do I get that part in to the titration process? Do I have to heat it and then mix it? Or is it enough that it is in the same cup? Or does it not effect the titration at all? Or shoud that be used only in a 2 stage method? Thanks in advance Teoman [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] 2 stage method questions
I have just bought some phosphoric acid which is rated at 87%, and the foolproof method says that it should be 10%, what should I do? Use less or dilute it (with what) 8. Mix gently at LOW rpm (don't splash!) while keeping the temperature at 35 deg C. The rotation of your stirrer should not exceed 500 to 600 rpm -- speed is not crucial and splashed oil is a mess to clean. I didn't quite get this, why shouldn't it exceed 500-600 rpm?? What difference does it make? If I have a closed processor isnt stnadard mixing (via washingmachine pump or pool pump) good enough?? Thanks Teoman PS: Where can I Find a vaccum pump? Would a vaccum cleaner do? Or a vaccum pump for the brakes of a car? Howmany bars should the pump be? [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Freezing the water out
Just another ramdom thought, Couldn't you freeze the water out of the oil? Or rather freeze the oil out of the water?? In places like finland all you have to do is leave it out overnight and then pour out the oil, or water, whichever one is frozen. Or maby an ammonium system like previously discussed could be used? Hope my ideas arent too stupid and bothering anyone. Im just hoping that I can inspire someone. :) Teoman [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Searching the archives
Is ther a more effective way of searching the archives? It seems like when I search it searches only the mails displayed on the page, so for older messages I have to keep pressing the next page button. Just my ignorance :-( Thanks Teoman [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Colour of latest batch
I realise that mostly no where else cooks in animal fats, but here is Australia they use beef tallow. This has a very high beta carotene levels due to the feed the animals eat, grass, this makes lovely burgundy coloured biodiesel which like shorteneing has a higher cetane rating due to the large amount of embodied energy in the animals fat. Saturated fats are good for fuel not for people. Just do not try it outside of a temperate climate, it gels at quite a high temperature. The moral of this story is that not all biodiesel is straw coloured! Matt --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, gregg2560 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi All, I'm at a bit of a loss regarding the colour of my latest batch of biodiesel. It is a medium amber rather than pale straw yellow. This particular batch went through about 8 washes. The water in the first one or two was quite milky as expected, washes 3 - 6 got increasingly clear, the last 2 looked like clean water. I checked the pH it was 6.8 to 7.2. I also did the shake test, the BD water separated within 30 - 45 minutes. The only thing I can think of is that this batch was made from vegetable shortening rather than oil. I'm wondering if maybe I should run it back through the process (Aleks Kac Method). As always, any help, advice, or suggestions are appreciated. Sincerely, Gregg Davidson Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Re: Colour of latest batch
Thanks Matt. I'm anxious to see how this will do when mixed. You're the second list member that has advised me of the higher cetane rating. Gregg Matt Pozzi [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I realise that mostly no where else cooks in animal fats, but here is Australia they use beef tallow. This has a very high beta carotene levels due to the feed the animals eat, grass, this makes lovely burgundy coloured biodiesel which like shorteneing has a higher cetane rating due to the large amount of embodied energy in the animals fat. Saturated fats are good for fuel not for people. Just do not try it outside of a temperate climate, it gels at quite a high temperature. The moral of this story is that not all biodiesel is straw coloured! Matt --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, gregg2560 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi All, I'm at a bit of a loss regarding the colour of my latest batch of biodiesel. It is a medium amber rather than pale straw yellow. This particular batch went through about 8 washes. The water in the first one or two was quite milky as expected, washes 3 - 6 got increasingly clear, the last 2 looked like clean water. I checked the pH it was 6.8 to 7.2. I also did the shake test, the BD water separated within 30 - 45 minutes. The only thing I can think of is that this batch was made from vegetable shortening rather than oil. I'm wondering if maybe I should run it back through the process (Aleks Kac Method). As always, any help, advice, or suggestions are appreciated. Sincerely, Gregg Davidson Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups SponsorADVERTISEMENT - Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. - Do you Yahoo!? New and Improved Yahoo! Mail - Send 10MB messages! [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Colour of latest batch
I often have fuel that takes four or five washes. Water content seems low, but I have upped the methanol to almost 25 percent to assure complete reaction. Also, is it 3.1 or 3.5 grams per liter? How much can mono and diglycerides hurt the engine? Surely WVO must contain some fractured triglycerides. Rudolf Diesel engines ran for decades I am told on SVO. What about all the guys running WVO or SVO and they claim no problems other than clogged filters. Seems like rivalry between SVO'ers and biodieselers. If some glyc remains but it doesn't clog filters will it burn well enough so as not to cause a problem? Lurch Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Colour of latest batch
Quality testing is explained here: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_vehicle.html#quality The first wash water SHOUL be milky white as that is where the greatest amount or residuals come out and then it gets clearer on the second and should be clear by the third or fourth at the most. That is the WASH WATER not the BD. It (the BD) may remain a bit cloudy at first but additional settling for a few days (depending on the volume) should yield a shiny amber result. Filter and use. L. --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Teoman Naskali [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I am also in the process of washing my first batch. It has had one wash so far. When it came in contact with water it turned completely milky white. And did not separate for about 15 minutes. And I think some chemical reaction took place as the quantity of gas in the container (2.5l cocacola bottle) diminished. Is there anythin wrong here? I am a bit confused about the shake test, do you apply it to unwashed or washed biodiesel. Thank you, Teoman Naskali [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] High altatude diesel issues emmisions
One of the problems I have is I have too much soot in the emissions and still retaining the horsepower of my Land Cruiser. The issue seams to be with the lack of O2 at the higher altitude, so increasing the amount of fuel to the injectors would not solve the problems ( in fact it would make my mileage worse ). Would leaving the some of methanol in or adding more help, since it is one of the additives that increase the O2 content of the fuel ( so I have heard )? I was also wondering if it would help in the winter, reducing the amount gelling or otherwise make the fuel easier to ignite in the cold? Greg H. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Can biofuels substitute to oil on a large scale ?
Hi Jrme Hi, Tonight there was a programme on air on a french radio station where petro-experts debated about the rise of the price of oil, etc... Some people attending the programme could give a call and ask a question or give an opinion. The question of biofuels was brought about this way and the experts shrugged off this alternative and said all arable surfaces (in France) had to be converted to growing plants like rapeseed, etc... to completely substitute to petrol. I read this assertion many times and have no idea if this right or not. What do you guys think about this ? (France has a mean population density of 120 inhab/km2). -- Jrme Mathevet If you just swap fuels instead of changing the entire disaster you'll end up with wall-to-wall industrialized monocrops of GMO soy and canola. Big Biofuels may not turn out to be much better than Big Oil. Silly thing about it is that industrialized monocropping of biofuels crops would be (is) just as fossil-fuel-dependent as industrialized monocropping of anything else is. What's the use of finding a cure for cancer if it gives you a heart attack? From a recent message: Date: Tue, 3 Aug 2004 01:38:55 +0900 To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com From: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: [biofuel] % diesel used versus amount of wvo available snip I can see you're trying to answer the usual question of whether there'll be enough biofuels. We tend to think it's the wrong question. Enough for what? To replace current fossil-fuel use? Or some estimate of future use, based on projections of current growth rates? That's what the US DoE has done in its estimates for biodiesel expansion. Why would current growth rates be sustainable, no matter what fuel was used? Current usage rates aren't sustainable either. The related question is How much biofuels can we grow? The answer, based on the same fallacy, is usually, Not enough, so let's just forget the whole thing. People have said this is a tactic used to dismiss alternatives, picking them off this way one by one - as if current energy supply is dependent on only one source, only one technology. A rational and sustainable energy future requires great reductions in energy use, great improvements in energy efficiency, and the decentralisation of supply to the local level, along with the use of all available renewable technologie in combination as the local circumstances demand. That makes for rather a different prospect for WVO's role in future fuel supplies. The total vegetable oil that could be made into diesel would be a nice figure too. Again, wrong question. Any number you get would be meaningless. Please have a look at these previous messages: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/37289/ Re: [biofuel] Biofuels and sustainability http://archive.nnytech.net/sgroup/BIOFUELS-BIZ/1801/ Re: Biofuels hold key to future of British farming http://archive.nnytech.net/sgroup/BIOFUELS-BIZ/1395/ How much fuel can we grow? snip People keep asking about this stuff. I'm going to post those last two messages again in full, see next, and next. Best wishes Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] How much land does it need?
Date: Wed, 04 Dec 2002 23:30:09 - From: jeff_kerzner [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Biofuels hold key to future of British farming I was having a discussion last night with a leading scientist in the renewable energy field about using oil-bearing crops to produce bio-diesel, and a question he raised was what size area would be required to plant a sufficient amount of crops to offset the energy required for the whole growing production process?. Could somebody please comment on this. Thanks and GO BIO-DIESEL! The answer: none. Keith Addison Journey to Forever Handmade Projects Osaka, Japan http://journeytoforever.org/ I guess the leading scientist wouldn't have thought much of that answer. Ask him this: how much fossil-energy, in fuel, fertilizers and pesticides, would be required to produce enough food to feed 900 million people? Answer: none. According to the FAO, no less. More than 15% of the world's food supply is produced by city farms (in 1993, expected to grow to 33% by 2005), with virtually no inputs other than wastes (thus vastly decreasing city sanitation problems as well), and with the use of no farming land at all. Quite easy to apply such an approach to biofuels production. For one thing, only 10% of the WVO in the industrialized countries is collected, and it will stay at that level until there are such *local* initiatives. Large amounts of fuel ethanol can be produced by micro-operations from city wastes. Large amounts of biogas can be produced for heating and cooking from wastes, and the sludge used as fertilizer in the city farm. That's just one such niche. Britain and Europe are supposed to be moving towards sustainable agriculture. They'll try input substitution first - organic weedkillers, LOL! Substitution doesn't work too well anyway - high inputs, average to low outputs, lower externalizations. Less than 5% of the organic farmers in the US use any pesticides at all, of whatever origin, according to the USDA - they don't need them. Organics by management (rather than by substitution or by neglect) is low-input high-output. http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?view=12561list=BIOFUEL It's integrated, and on any integrated farm it's possible to arrange a constant varying supply of by-products to produce biofuels and bioenergy sufficient to run the farm, plus. Even a half-baked organics by substitution farm that hasn't discovered grazing yet (buys in livestock feed) can achieve 40% energy self-sufficiency. http://www.landinstitute.org/vnews/display.v/ART/2001/03/28/3accb0712 ?in_archive=1 Done properly using by-products and wastes, how would you ascribe a land-use figure to it? You wouldn't be using any land at all, not exclusively. Hence my answer: none. More accurately perhaps, none and up. I suppose the scientist wanted to calculate a national-scale program for fossil-fuel replacement. For one thing, rather more than mere replacement is required, it also needs large reductions in energy use and large improvements in energy efficiency, whatever the fuel source. Anyway, such centralized, top-down schemes also don't work very well, especially not when it comes to land use. Hence, perhaps, the sorry recent record of British agriculture, and, too, the huge waste and very high costs of the CAP, of commodity farming in the US of soy and maize etc, and the massive externalizations inherent in this approach. Jules Pretty at Essex conservatively calculates the true costs of British farming to be higher than it's income. Biofuels should be produced by more of the same? Maybe it's this approach that sees the British government thundering expensively down the biomass-energy path, throwing away multi-millions on coppice gasification projects. Think small, think local. Best Keith Addison Journey to Forever --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Martin Steele sent me this: á WESTERN MORNING NEWS ~ WEDNESDAY DECEMBER 4 2002 Biofuels hold key to future of British farming Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Bashing biodiesel (esp. homebrew) online
Hello Ryan Comments below. I've just had this thread brought to my attention on thedieselpage.com. There looks to be a lot of people over there bashing biodiesel as holding too much water and potentially destroying the high pressure injection systems on the Chevrolet duramax diesel. They are being especially harsh on homebrew and on fuel made from waste oil. One or two of the people who are defending biodiesel in general sound like they are talking the NBB line about homebrewers and waste oil causing quality problems and suggesting everyone stay away from it. I don't yet have the experience or the hard numbers to defend biodiesel, but I'm sure more than one person on here does. Here's the link: http://forum.thedieselpage.com/ubb/ultimatebb.php?ubb=get_topic;f=3;t=007240 Thanks, Ryan Yeah, the usual mindless knee-jerk reaction - of course big industry would do it right and produce quality fuel, of course a bunch of scruffy amateurs would produce poor-quality sub-spec junk in their backyards. It turns out that the truth is the very opposite, and there's plenty of evidence of it. It's all in the list archives for anyone to find, if they want to. I'll extract some for you, and add some more. I've just had a message from Aleks Kac. It refers to the basic quality test: Quality testing http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_vehicle.html#quality This is the most useful all-round test, and it's very simple: Put 150 ml of unwashed biodiesel (settled, with the glycerine layer removed) in a half-litre glass jar. Add 150 ml of water, screw the lid on tight and shake it up and down violently for 10 seconds or more. Then let it settle. The biodiesel should separate from the water in half an hour or less, with amber biodiesel on top and milky water below. This is quality fuel, a completed product with minimal contaminants, well within the standard specifications. Wash it and then use it with confidence. But if it turns into something that looks like mayonaisse (emulsifies) and won't separate, or if it only separates very slowly, with a thick white layer sandwiched between water and biodiesel, it's not quality fuel and your process needs improvement. Either you've used too much catalyst and made soap (better titration), or a poor conversion has left you with mono- and diglycerides (try more methanol, better agitation, longer processing time, better temperature control), or both. Whichever, you're headed for washing problems. Super-gentle washing techniques might avoid the problems, but you'll still be left with poor-quality fuel laced with contaminants that are bad for the engine and the fuel system. Even normal bubble-washing is quite gentle, and it's worth repeating the test with some washed fuel -- it should separate from the water cleanly within 10 minutes. Aleks wrote: For nosyness' sake I tried the ole' test - mix a little water in your finished product and watch the separation - but with a commercial biodiesel sample from Austria. Horrifying results: it created a thick white foam between the water and bio layers. The le white foam thinned to 1/4 of thickness in 2 weeks, but hasn't dis- saspeared. After 2 weeks the fuel still hasn't cleared. Conclusion: Commercial bio is not washed with water! I suspect it has merely distilled its meth out and neutralized in a solid acid bed. Bad fuel!!! We did the same here with some commercial brew, and got the same result. Bad fuel! We used some of our own production as a control (normal production, nothing special), it separated cleanly within minutes, NO white layer. The commercial stuff took SIX MONTHS to clear. This is from a previous message: Some months back there was a fuss in California after World Energy distributed a consignment of sub-spec biodiesel. Details here: http://archive.nnytech.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/25291/ Bad quality at World Energy? what's that again about Now what's that again about homebrewers, quality, and out-of-spec fuel, and the quality control standards that only industry can provide?? http://archive.nnytech.net/sgroup/BIOFUELS-BIZ/2888/ Re: even more shady quality control in commercial biodiesel World Energy withdrew the consignment, and their VP Sales Graham Noyes posted this explanation: First, this biodiesel is crappy not because it is Yellow Grease (aka recycled) biodiesel but because it is out of spec biodiesel. Prior to triggering this railcar, we received lab analysis showing that it met ASTM spec. The good work of Dr. Dan alerted us that there might be an issue with the fuel. We sent samples to an independent lab and found it did not meet spec. We then pulled all product and stopped supplying. If you have product that does not meet spec, we will replace it with ASTM spec fuel. We guarantee that our fuel meets ASTM spec and back that up as necessary. I asked him how it was possible that the first lab had okayed it but he didn't reply. There's been quite a lot of this
Re: [biofuel] Searching the archives
Hello Teoman Is ther a more effective way of searching the archives? It seems like when I search it searches only the mails displayed on the page, so for older messages I have to keep pressing the next page button. Why are you using Yahoo's archives? There's a link at the end of every message you receive to the list's independent archives, and it's referenced at the list's homepage at Yahoo: All messages are archived at the independent Info-Archive at NNYTech - fast, one-time searching and NO ADS: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Links to previous messages in the archives are being posted all the time, haven't you noticed? Some of them have been in responses to your own posts. Have you followed them? Do you follow up links that are sent to you? If not why not? (Genuinely puzzled question.) DON'T use Yahoo's archives, it's useless, it only searches 50-60 messages at a time, and there are more than 37,000 of them, which means that it would take more than 700 pages to search the whole list, Yahoo pages at that, plus the ads. Best wishes Keith Just my ignorance :-( Thanks Teoman Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Soil is not a finite resource
Please see also these previous messages on nitrogen fertilizers: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/37287/ http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/37298/ To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com From: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: [biofuel] Re: [renewable-energy] Reply to David Cardill A typically upbeat and inventive answer. Please note that sometimes I am copying topics to more than one group, where I think a different perspective will be additive rather than not. So, where you see this and it looks ok, maybe you can cc: your answers to those other groups? In this case, the goal was to copy ideas like yours' and others' to the renewable fuels group where a participant seems to have declared that he does not think any hydrocarbon (or alcohol or similar I guess) can be considered a renewable fuel. To his credit, I think part of his thinking is a concern for soil as a finite resource, not an unworthy topic IMO. MM Hi MM Soil is not a finite resource. Farming is not the same as mining, that's why it's called husbandry. Or used to be. A soil community is effectively immortal. It can be killed though, and it can be wasted too. Much of what's called farming today is more of a mining operation than husbandry - fertility extraction. Replacing what's allegedly removed in chemical form - NPK - is just as likely to wreck the soil as maintain it. Treating you that way would probably wreck you too - no way to treat a living creature, there's more to biology than chemistry. The 1999 report on the University of Wisconsin-Madison's ongoing 37-year project monitoring the effects of nitrogen fertilisers in the US concluded that agriculture's continuing overapplication of nitrogen fertilizers is causing irreparable damage to the soil. It said US farms have a 50% applied nitrogen efficiency rate -- only half the nitrogen applied to the soil is actually used by the crop. The other half becomes harmful nitric acid. They said three decades of such overuse of nitrogen has destroyed much of the soil's fertility, causing it to age the equivalent of 5,000 years. -- Acidification From Fertilizer Use Linked To Soil Aging: http://www.cals.wisc.edu/media/news/03_99/acid_soil.html ... the soil foodweb, the complex food chain of microbial life in the soil, is the missing half of a complete picture of soil management. 'We have this great fertilizer technology out there where you can farm great out of your left eye, but you're not allowed to look out of your right eye, he says. We haven't been intentionally and deliberately managing the life in our soil, coordinating that with fertilizer programs, and getting both sides of the equation to our plants to grow high yields. http://www.soilfoodweb.com/phpweb/userpage.php?uid=133 Soil Food Web (Other people were saying all that 80 years ago, and saying it better.) Anyway, this mining operation isn't at all necessary, and doing it properly needn't lead to decreased yields, decreased productivity, decreased efficiency - quite the opposite. We've had organic farmers here attesting to this, reassuring other farmers nervous about making the change. You'll be laughing all the way to the bank. There's a large amount of support for that view. http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?view=12561list=BIOFUEL So, why should growing fuel crops be any different to growing food crops, or at growing industrialized commodities like corn and soy (which are mostly commodities rather than food)? Or, if he's concerned about soil as a finite resource, why isn't his concern directed at food crops as well, at current industrialized farming practices in general? Maybe he doesn't understand it very well. This is a good place to start: http://journeytoforever.org/farm.html Who invented it has been a major question thoughout History. Darwin presents one popular theory, and every religious group in the world has a different answer as to who is the inventor or Creator! They are readily avaiable nearly everywhere, in many different models and sizes. You can even grow your own from readily avaiable seeds. Motie One thing's for certain - Monsanto didn't invent it, and doesn't own it either, despite rumours to the contrary. Best Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL
Re: [biofuel] 2 stage method questions
Teoman Please see this recent message (two days ago) on why you should not be using the Foolproof method until you have a lot more experience. It says so after all, right at the top of the page. You don't believe it, or what? http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/37345/ In fact I'll post it all again, in the hopes that maybe at long long last somebody might take just a little notice and save themselves a whole bunch of trouble, and also us: Please see: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/37310/1/ Please read all six of the messages in the thread, including this: The two-stage processes are not the place to start making biodiesel. It says right at the top of the page: NOTE: The two-stage biodiesel processes are advanced methods, not for novices -- learn the basics thoroughly first. The single-stage base method is the place to start. Start here. Here being here - single stage, with new oil: Where do I start? http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html#start There was some discussion about this at the list recently, please see these two previous posts: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/35241/ Re: What went wrong? http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/35214/ Re: What went wrong? Thankyou. Keith Addison Journey to Forever I have just bought some phosphoric acid which is rated at 87%, and the foolproof method says that it should be 10%, what should I do? Use less or dilute it (with what) 8. Mix gently at LOW rpm (don't splash!) while keeping the temperature at 35 deg C. The rotation of your stirrer should not exceed 500 to 600 rpm -- speed is not crucial and splashed oil is a mess to clean. I didn't quite get this, why shouldn't it exceed 500-600 rpm?? What difference does it make? If I have a closed processor isnt stnadard mixing (via washingmachine pump or pool pump) good enough?? Thanks Teoman PS: Where can I Find a vaccum pump? Would a vaccum cleaner do? Or a vaccum pump for the brakes of a car? Howmany bars should the pump be? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Freezing the water out
See: Biodiesel from waste oil http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html#biodwvo Just another ramdom thought, Couldn't you freeze the water out of the oil? Or rather freeze the oil out of the water?? In places like finland all you have to do is leave it out overnight and then pour out the oil, or water, whichever one is frozen. Or maby an ammonium system like previously discussed could be used? Hope my ideas arent too stupid and bothering anyone. Im just hoping that I can inspire someone. :) Teoman Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] How much fuel can we grow?
Date: Thu, 3 Oct 2002 02:37:00 +0900 To: biofuels-biz@yahoogroups.com From: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: How much fuel can we grow? - was Re: The Debate Over Diesel A bit more on this, following my previous post (relevant bits below). I said it was a meaningless question whether we could grow enough biofuel, and that the figures don't make a lot of sense. Consider it from another point of view, for an idea of how little sense the official macro-level calculations make. Illegal crops are pretty interesting, if you're into agricultural development, and seldom considered from this aspect - a complete alternative system to serve as a comparison. I'm sure there are those among us who think they're pretty interesting in their own right, and, at least as far as marijuana is concerned, they're not a small minority. I haven't followed it much in the US, but I did have quite a close look at it in Holland some years ago, when I was working for a Third World development institute there, so when I see something about it I probably take note. Still, my numbers could be wrong, or at least out of date, but the principle still applies. What I recall seeing is that 32 million Americans smoke marijuana, and 3 million smoke it every day. If that's on official figure it'll be on the shy side, but at any rate that's a hell of a lot of marijuana, though I can't translate it into an acreage, and that probably wouldn't make any sense anyway. I think most of it is homegrown these days. A study I handled of primary health care in Colombia in the early 80s, in the outlying areas round Medellin (doctoral thesis), mainly concerned poverty stricken peasants who'd been growing marijuana for the US market until the supply and quality of US homegrown left them without a market (so, a bit later, they took to cocaine). Anyway, what we have here is a major agricultural industry, complete in all its aspects, from provision of inputs, seeds, equipment, technology, production, harvest, processing, distribution, and it's completely invisible. Now how do you account for that? Growing a crop for 32 million people and it's invisible? No extension agencies, no subsidies, no bureaucrats, no chemical corporations with their sales campaigns, and in the face of enemy action from the law enforcement agencies. And clearly it's unstoppable. It's the same everywhere. In Holland it's illegal but decriminalized, people smoke it openly in the cafes, but the industry itself is invisible. Very many people there smoke it, in that crowded little country, and there's no trace to be seen of the production system. Which, by the way, includes things like some really brilliant crop improvement, the Dutch only grow improved varieties these days. I think that applies in the US too. It's a bit like us. Biodieselers in the US must be costing Big Oil millions of dollars a year already, and they haven't even noticed it yet. An average motorist uses 600 gallons a year, @ $1.40 = $840 x 1190 users = $1m/year. There are far more than 1,190 biodieselers in the US. We don't even know how many ourselves. Marijuana growing seems to be like that. In Holland, it happens in backyards, on balconies, in cellars, even in wardrobes fitted with gro-lights. It doesn't impinge on agricultural land at all, yet it produces a major crop. This is true micro-level production, and it never gets accounted for in all the macro-level figuring. It becomes possible when you decentralize energy production - when you decentralize anything, wrest it free of the corporations and bureaucrats. What would be the effect of planting a small-town's streets with jatropha trees, for instance? Consider also that city farming is now responsible for feeding many millions of people who might otherwise go hungry, and that too is often in the face of enemy action on the part of wrong-headed municipal authorities. This too is large-scale food-crop production that never sees the light of day in the official figures, but it's most significant all the same, and growing fast. http://journeytoforever.org/cityfarm.html City farms So let's not bother about it, let's just do it. Best wishes Keith MM wrote: I think I've always assumed that this was possible, and not that much of an issue (never mind the Cornell Professors of the world), but I must admit that what I do question would be to get a handle, down the road, as to how *much* fuel this whole system could sustain over a very long period of time, in conjunction with healthy sustainable food production. As a matter of degree, the concepts of sustainable healthy agriculture making both food and fuels... how big of an economy can they serve? There are several important concerns here, not least of which is avoiding setting us all up for a bit of starvation. I do not mean to imply that I've calculated that it would lead to that. I mean only that it seems logical to me to give consideration
[biofuel] Will fuel made from used oil meet astm spec?
Wondering , in Germany they are only allowed to use fresh oil because of this.. Here in Holland the same thing is being done as far as i know Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Colour of latest batch
Hi Gregg People say all sorts of things about this mater of the colour, and I don't want to argue with them, but for us the straw-yellow indicator has always been a good one, and it follows through with no wash problems, what you'd expect from a good brew. So for our part we agree with what Aleks says about it on our site in the Quality section, that it is a good indicator. The colour of the biodiesel varies very little no matter what sort of gunk we make it out of. Here's a photograph of a sample of recent batch at the end of the process, with a sample of the WVO we used - about average, though we've had much worse. Acid-base. http://journeytoforever.org/colourtest.jpg Here's a picture of biodiesel Todd made from vegetable shortening: http://journeytoforever.org/shorteningbd.jpg He said this at the time: Again, 550 ml of heated shortening, 120 ml methanol and 2.5 grams of KOH at 92% purity. Did a quick swirl wash of 20 ml. No emulsification. Did a frog in a blender wash with same. No emulsification and a sharp separation between phases. HTH Best Keith Hi All, I'm at a bit of a loss regarding the colour of my latest batch of biodiesel. It is a medium amber rather than pale straw yellow. This particular batch went through about 8 washes. The water in the first one or two was quite milky as expected, washes 3 - 6 got increasingly clear, the last 2 looked like clean water. I checked the pH it was 6.8 to 7.2. I also did the shake test, the BD water separated within 30 - 45 minutes. The only thing I can think of is that this batch was made from vegetable shortening rather than oil. I'm wondering if maybe I should run it back through the process (Aleks Kac Method). As always, any help, advice, or suggestions are appreciated. Sincerely, Gregg Davidson Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Will fuel made from used oil meet astm spec?
frag_lag wrote: Wondering , in Germany they are only allowed to use fresh oil because of this.. Here in Holland the same thing is being done as far as i know :-) I wonder how little (much) the oilseed rape interests had to do with that. Dunno about Germany and Holland, but Austria imports a lot of WVO (waste vegetable oil - used, cooked with) for conversion to biodiesel, and Austria has high standards. I think Austria's always been in the lead with biodiesel in Europe (and probably worldwide). Anyway, it's not ASTM standards you should be concerned with - you're in Holland, ASTM is American. Here are the various national standards: National standards for biodiesel http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_yield2.html#biodstds See also: Standards and the homebrewer http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_ASTM.html As for your question, one list member's answer: Hey All -- just thought I would let you know that I just received my results from the ASTM tests [the US ASTM D-6751 biodiesel standard] and we passed all categories. Just another good example of a homebrewer in a remote setting (Bahamas) making spec-grade biofuel! Thanks! -- Jack http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_link.html#forums He uses WVO. Best wishes Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Palm Oil derivatives as biofuels
According to the results of a major study recently completed by Eduardo del Hierro, Juan Carlos del Hierro and myself which intends to put in the proper perspective the possibilities of using palm oil derivatives ( including crude palm oil and/or palm biodiesel ), among other important aspects we found that in order to substitute 100 % of the diesel comsumption in Colombia ( at present we use around 70,000 barrels per day ) we would need the palm oil produced by 900,000 hectares of plantations in full production. At this moment in Colombia we have 180,000 hectares in full production. You must keep in mind that it takes six to seven years for a palm oil plantation to reach full production levels. Malaysia, the world leader in the palm oil business, has 3.8 to 3.9 million hectares planted. One of our conclusions for Colombia is that palm oil as a biofuel has a space, indeed, but it is not the inmediate and magic solution because of the aforesaid and for the relative cost considerations which comprises one the major portions of the study. Arturo Infante V Infante A, Del Hierro E, Del Hierro J.C., Del Hierro A, Estudio Sobre la Prefactibilidad Tcnica y Econmica de la Produccin en Colombia de los Derivados del Aceite Crudo de Palma como Carburantes para Motores de Ciclo Diesel FEDEPALMA ( Federation of Palm Oil Growers of Colombia) www.fedepalma.org , July 2004. Bogot Colombia. [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Wed, 04 Dec 2002 23:30:09 - From: jeff_kerzner [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Biofuels hold key to future of British farming I was having a discussion last night with a leading scientist in the renewable energy field about using oil-bearing crops to produce bio-diesel, and a question he raised was what size area would be required to plant a sufficient amount of crops to offset the energy required for the whole growing production process?. Could somebody please comment on this. Thanks and GO BIO-DIESEL! The answer: none. Keith Addison Journey to Forever Handmade Projects Osaka, Japan http://journeytoforever.org/ I guess the leading scientist wouldn't have thought much of that answer. Ask him this: how much fossil-energy, in fuel, fertilizers and pesticides, would be required to produce enough food to feed 900 million people? Answer: none. According to the FAO, no less. More than 15% of the world's food supply is produced by city farms (in 1993, expected to grow to 33% by 2005), with virtually no inputs other than wastes (thus vastly decreasing city sanitation problems as well), and with the use of no farming land at all. Quite easy to apply such an approach to biofuels production. For one thing, only 10% of the WVO in the industrialized countries is collected, and it will stay at that level until there are such *local* initiatives. Large amounts of fuel ethanol can be produced by micro-operations from city wastes. Large amounts of biogas can be produced for heating and cooking from wastes, and the sludge used as fertilizer in the city farm. That's just one such niche. Britain and Europe are supposed to be moving towards sustainable agriculture. They'll try input substitution first - organic weedkillers, LOL! Substitution doesn't work too well anyway - high inputs, average to low outputs, lower externalizations. Less than 5% of the organic farmers in the US use any pesticides at all, of whatever origin, according to the USDA - they don't need them. Organics by management (rather than by substitution or by neglect) is low-input high-output. http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?view=12561list=BIOFUEL It's integrated, and on any integrated farm it's possible to arrange a constant varying supply of by-products to produce biofuels and bioenergy sufficient to run the farm, plus. Even a half-baked organics by substitution farm that hasn't discovered grazing yet (buys in livestock feed) can achieve 40% energy self-sufficiency. http://www.landinstitute.org/vnews/display.v/ART/2001/03/28/3accb0712 ?in_archive=1 Done properly using by-products and wastes, how would you ascribe a land-use figure to it? You wouldn't be using any land at all, not exclusively. Hence my answer: none. More accurately perhaps, none and up. I suppose the scientist wanted to calculate a national-scale program for fossil-fuel replacement. For one thing, rather more than mere replacement is required, it also needs large reductions in energy use and large improvements in energy efficiency, whatever the fuel source. Anyway, such centralized, top-down schemes also don't work very well, especially not when it comes to land use. Hence, perhaps, the sorry recent record of British agriculture, and, too, the huge waste and very high costs of the CAP, of commodity farming in the US of soy and maize etc, and the massive externalizations inherent in this approach. Jules Pretty at Essex conservatively calculates the true costs of British farming to be higher than
Re: [biofuel] Colour of latest batch
Hi Keith, The colour of my finished product is about the same as the WVO you used, sort of honey-coloured, but it is quite clear. I've made some digital photos that I can send to you the first part of next week, if that's okay. Since I had to wash the last batch separately, you will note that the BD in one jar is a bit lighter colour than the other due to the extra washes. I've made another batch (the 4th) of around 7 litres that I know I'm going to have to reprocess, as it's darker than a Killian's Irish Red, but I'm not certain whether it should have the full reprocessing or just the 2nd Stage. One must learn by doing. Sincerely, Gregg Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi Gregg People say all sorts of things about this mater of the colour, and I don't want to argue with them, but for us the straw-yellow indicator has always been a good one, and it follows through with no wash problems, what you'd expect from a good brew. So for our part we agree with what Aleks says about it on our site in the Quality section, that it is a good indicator. The colour of the biodiesel varies very little no matter what sort of gunk we make it out of. Here's a photograph of a sample of recent batch at the end of the process, with a sample of the WVO we used - about average, though we've had much worse. Acid-base. http://journeytoforever.org/colourtest.jpg Here's a picture of biodiesel Todd made from vegetable shortening: http://journeytoforever.org/shorteningbd.jpg He said this at the time: Again, 550 ml of heated shortening, 120 ml methanol and 2.5 grams of KOH at 92% purity. Did a quick swirl wash of 20 ml. No emulsification. Did a frog in a blender wash with same. No emulsification and a sharp separation between phases. HTH Best Keith Hi All, I'm at a bit of a loss regarding the colour of my latest batch of biodiesel. It is a medium amber rather than pale straw yellow. This particular batch went through about 8 washes. The water in the first one or two was quite milky as expected, washes 3 - 6 got increasingly clear, the last 2 looked like clean water. I checked the pH it was 6.8 to 7.2. I also did the shake test, the BD water separated within 30 - 45 minutes. The only thing I can think of is that this batch was made from vegetable shortening rather than oil. I'm wondering if maybe I should run it back through the process (Aleks Kac Method). As always, any help, advice, or suggestions are appreciated. Sincerely, Gregg Davidson Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups SponsorADVERTISEMENT - Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. - Do you Yahoo!? New and Improved Yahoo! Mail - 100MB free storage! [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Re: Colour of latest batch
Hi L, I'll have some digital photos to post next week of the batch of BD in question. That way everyone can have a better idea of the colouring. Gregg bioveging [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Quality testing is explained here: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_vehicle.html#quality The first wash water SHOUL be milky white as that is where the greatest amount or residuals come out and then it gets clearer on the second and should be clear by the third or fourth at the most. That is the WASH WATER not the BD. It (the BD) may remain a bit cloudy at first but additional settling for a few days (depending on the volume) should yield a shiny amber result. Filter and use. L. --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Teoman Naskali [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I am also in the process of washing my first batch. It has had one wash so far. When it came in contact with water it turned completely milky white. And did not separate for about 15 minutes. And I think some chemical reaction took place as the quantity of gas in the container (2.5l cocacola bottle) diminished. Is there anythin wrong here? I am a bit confused about the shake test, do you apply it to unwashed or washed biodiesel. Thank you, Teoman Naskali [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups SponsorADVERTISEMENT - Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. __ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] USDA Inc.: USDA highjacked by corporate interests
http://www.agribusinessaccountability.org/page/325/1 Agribusiness Accountability Initiative: USDA Inc.: How Agribusiness has hijacked regulatory policy at the US Department of Agriculture Title: USDA Inc.: How Agribusiness has hijacked regulatory policy at the US Department of Agriculture Author: Philip Mattera Date Published: July 23, 2004 Source: Agribusiness Accountability Initiative and Corporate Research Project, Good Jobs First PDF (599kb): USDA Inc. http://www.agribusinessaccountability.org/pdfs//289_USDA%20Inc..pdf Abstract: Through five case studies, this report reveals how political appointees with backgrounds in the agri-food industry have used their positions at the USDA to advance industry interests at the expense of farmers, consumers, workers and the environment. The report proposes 4 broad directions for regulatory reform to close the revolving door between the food industry and the USDA. --- http://www.aberdeennews.com/mld/aberdeennews/news/9227760.htm AP Wire | 07/23/2004 | Report: Posted on Fri, Jul. 23, 2004 Report: USDA highjacked by corporate interests COURTNEY LOWERY Associated Press OMAHA, Neb. - The U.S. Department of Agriculture has shifted from being a people's agency to an agency for corporate agriculture, a new report by a coalition of agriculture leaders charges. The 40-page report, released Thursday at the Lincoln-based Organization for Competitive Markets' annual meeting, details five case studies that the authors said show corporate farm interests are taking the reins of the agency's regulatory process. The idea is to try to make the world understand that the (USDA) is in the hands of people who are there to extend the agenda of entities that are supposed to be regulated by the department, OCM president Fred Stokes said. We think it's been hijacked. The report was commissioned by the Agribusiness Accountability Initiative, a network of family farm and public interest groups. It identifies five areas as being influenced by the ties USDA officials have with corporations: biotech foods, mad cow disease, captive supply in meatpacking, concentrated animal feeding operations and meat inspection policies. OCM general counsel Michael Stumo contends that corporate influence has led the agency to fall short of representing the small-operation farmer and consumer interests. The report, Stumo said, has brought to light what he sees as conspicuous hostility to the interest of producers. Alisa Harrison, the USDA's director of communications, disputed claims that the agency fails to represent some interests. Harrison pointed to an upswing in farm income, an 11.5 percent increase in 2003, and a boost in the farm economy as signs that the agency is doing well in serving producers both small and large. The report tries to prove that some interests are better represented than others. The report calls the USDA one of the strongest proponents of genetically modified foods, even though many farmers have been vehement in their opposition. The report charges that the USDA support can be directly attributed to top-ranking USDA officials having ties to biotechnology companies. The report points to Secretary of Agriculture Ann Veneman's former position on the board of directors of the biotech company Calgene Inc., which was later taken over by bioengineering champion Monsanto Co. It goes on to note that Neil Hoffman, the Biotechnology Regulatory Services Director of the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, formerly worked for the biotech firm Paradigm Genetics. Nancy Bryson, the agency's general counsel, once co-chaired her law firm's corporate biotechnology practice. These industry-linked appointees have helped to implement policies that undermine the regulatory mission of USDA in favor of the bottom-line interests of a few economically powerful companies, the report states. Harrison maintained that Veneman's supports biotech companies based on the science and the technology, not because she was on the board of Calgene. She added that while Veneman approves biotechnology, she is adamant about careful regulation. Harrison noted that the Biotechnology Regulatory Service was created under Veneman's administration. Harrison was named in the report for her former job - executive director of the National Cattlemen's Beef Association - and said the report may make it sound like every official in the agency is catering to industry, which she said is not true. There are certain people here who have worked for industry groups, she said. But they're kind of misrepresenting the numbers. In her case, she said while she was proud to have represented the grass-roots producers in NCBA, she is now proud to be a public servant and is acting in the best interest of the public, regardless of what her former job was. The panelists at a conference Friday acknowledged it's not unusual for a government agency to
[biofuel] These Are Their Ends
http://www.tompaine.com/articles/these_are_their_ends.php These Are Their Ends Patrick C. Doherty August 05, 2004 The commissions and the chaos have put the lie to the Bush administration's shifting rationales for war. What the media are not asking, however, is if these aren't the reasons, what are? TomPaine.com's Associate Editor Patrick Doherty says there are three interconnected reasons: oil, Israel, and military transformation. Patrick Doherty is associate editor at TomPaine.com, spent 10 years working on conflicts in the Middle East, Africa, the Balkans and the Caucasus and holds a Master's degree in security studies from the Fletcher School. As the nation begins debate on how to reform the intelligence community, it is essential to remember that the Iraq war was not driven by bad intelligence, per se. As Bush's former director of policy planning admitted, this was a war of choice. Intelligence was not used to make a decision for war, it was manipulated to mislead Americans into backing a war already planned. Publicly, President Bush offered four rationales to justify the invasion: the presence of WMD, Iraqi collaboration with Al Qaeda, the possibility of giving WMD to Al Qaeda, and bringing democracy to Iraq. Since the invasion, numerous commissions have shown the first three to be plainly false. The lack of post-war planning, the elevation of Iyad Allawi and the pervasive corruption among U.S.-funded contractors has put the lie to the fourth rationale. So just why did Bush choose war? From the evidence before us today, there is no one single reason. Rather, there are three converging and tightly interwoven reasons: oil, Israel and military transformation. The Cheney energy strategy required Iraqi oil; AIPAC and the Christian right wanted to weaken the Arab world to strengthen Israel; and Don Rumsfeld wanted to expedite the transformation of the U.S. military. Reason #1: The Cheney Energy Policy The first rationale underlying the Iraq invasion can be found in two recommendations from the vice president's task force on energy policy, delivered in May 2001: * The NEPD Group recommends that the President make energy security a priority of our trade and foreign policy. * The NEPD Group recommends the President support initiatives by Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Algeria, Qatar, the UAE, and other suppliers to open up areas of their energy sectors to foreign investment. America gets its oil from the global market, not from individual countries. But in the 1990s, oil-producing countries took a holiday from expanding production capacity, while demand grew steadily. With the supply/demand balance extremely tight, oil-producing states did not have the financial or engineering capacity to build the additional capacity, meaning the national oil companies in many OPEC states were faced with the need to open their fields to foreign investment. They resisted and prices rose. In the post-Cold War era, the demand increase is coming from Asia. Chinese export success is raising the living standards of the 200 million Chinese consumers. That means elevated demand for energy, raising prices around the world. But unlike Cold War-era supply shocks, rising demand has the threefold effect of reducing American economic growth, creating price incentives for alternative energy sources and strengthening the political influence of the rising Asian consumers. Add OPEC's production quotas and the situation looked grim-at least to the task force. That the U.S. government thinks about the security of global oil supplies is nothing new. America has had an explicit policy for the last 24 years-the Carter Doctrine-which states: An attempt by an outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force. Iraq, with the second-largest conventional oil reserves but lacking the capacity to exploit them, looked like the lynchpin in increasing oil production, countering rising Chinese influence and reducing OPEC's pricing power. But with Saddam Hussein in Baghdad, the only option would be to seize and privatize Iraqi oil. That goal was conspicuously absent in the task force recommendations, but revealed in former Treasury secretary Paul O'Neill's memoir. O'Neill stated that in February 2001, the National Security Council staff was already drafting a document detailing how the U.S. government should divide up the Iraqi oilfields among the major western oil companies after a U.S. invasion. This helps to illumintate why the Bush administration had declared early in its tenure that China was a strategic competitor. What most commentators did not realize, however, was that the theatre of that competition would be the Persian Gulf. Reason #2: Strengthen Israel, Weaken Arabs The Bush administration has a
RE: [biofuel] High altitude diesel issues emissions
Have you taken steps to improve the intake system? Is your engine turbocharged (preferably with an intercooler)? This would help get more air into the system. Just my 2 cents worth. Derek -Original Message- From: Greg Harbican [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Friday, August 06, 2004 9:20 PM To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Subject: [biofuel] High altatude diesel issues emmisions One of the problems I have is I have too much soot in the emissions and still retaining the horsepower of my Land Cruiser. The issue seams to be with the lack of O2 at the higher altitude, so increasing the amount of fuel to the injectors would not solve the problems ( in fact it would make my mileage worse ). Would leaving the some of methanol in or adding more help, since it is one of the additives that increase the O2 content of the fuel ( so I have heard )? I was also wondering if it would help in the winter, reducing the amount gelling or otherwise make the fuel easier to ignite in the cold? Greg H. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] YUKOS Gobbled up by the Putin Group
http://www.ecaar.org/yukos.htm Yukos YUKOS Gobbled up by the Putin Group Stanislav Menshikov SLOVO, July 23, 2004 When Khodorkovsky was arrested last year, the close to consensus explanation was the political motivation driving Vladimir Putin. That particular tycoon was allegedly considered too ambitious and too dangerous a prospective rival to the current president. Last summer, Khodorkovsky was even mentioned as a possible leader of an oligarchic coup against the Kremlin. By now, the political motive has become a banality. Even Mikhail Borisovich himself has cited it in court as the principal reason for his persecution. Sure enough, there is, no denying the fact that the main owner of YUKOS did defy rules set by the new president who promised not to prosecute oligarchs for law violations in the privatization campaign provided they did not interfere in politics. Vladimir Gusinsky violated that code first and had to flee the country followed by former Kremlin godfather Boris Berezovsky. Khodorkovsky ignored those lessons and paid the price. But for the Meschansky district court in Moscow the Kremlin's political motivations are not a subject of consideration. Strictly speaking, it is only interested in whether Khodorkovsky, Platon Lebedev et al. did break the law in acquiring former government-owned companies or not. Neither is it interested in why these particular tycoons were singles out for activities that were a common practice in the early and mid-1990s. And its decisions may serve as a precedent in possible future cases on matters of privatization. More important is what is happening outside that court room with YUKOS a case of non-payment of back taxes brought against the company rather than its owners). Together with fines, the tax claim amounts to $6.8 billion for 2000 and 2001 but will certainly exceed $10 billion when the bill for 2002 arrives. Because the company is unable to pay that money (and even its first installment) right away, it is faced with either bankruptcy, forced sale of assets, takeover by other owners or some other unfavorable settlement with the government. Therefore, as matters stand now, whether Khodorkovsky and Lebedev are found guilty (and that, in my mind, is a practical certainty), they and their partners will also most probably lose control over YUKOS. For the Kremlin, keeping the tycoons in jail is as important as taking away their company. Because setting them free would make it easier to fight for the return of their fortunes. It is interesting that the government's tax claim on YUKOS came as late as spring 2004, i. e. long after Khodorkovsky and Lebedev were safely behind bars. Why? One explanation is that the government was late to realize the real prize of taking over YUKOS. The APATIT case was a good enough pretext for arresting the tycoons but not good enough for divesting them of YUKOS. But in the summer and fall of 2003, the government did not have the necessary information to make that decisive move. The necessary information appeared only after Stephen Curtis, a British lawyer, was appointed in December 2003 president of MENATEP, Platon Lebedev's former job. According to a special investigation by the Financial Times, Curtis had been over the years instrumental in building up a network of offshore companies, through which MENATEP, YUKOS and their owners had continuously hidden from Russian tax authorities a substantial part of their revenues. The amount of underreported profits stashed away annually via Curtis was measured in billions of US dollars. Only Curtis knew the true extent of that hidden network and its true worth. After he took over at MENATEP, he was apparently pressured by the Russian authorities to reveal those truths. He also apparently encountered serious problems in the process because at one point he had to seek personal protection from British special services. Then, on March 3, 2004, he was killed when his helicopter crashed on the way home from his London office. Apparently, he knew too much to keep enjoying life in the luxurious castle that was his home. Similar information came from voluntary disclosure to the Russian authorities from another former MENATEP and YUKOS agent in France. With that information in hand, the Kremlin was now ready to make its decisive move against YUKOS. When the Russian government presented YUKOS with its claim for back taxes for 2000, the sum net of fines was $1.8 billion. Based on the 24 percent profit tax rate, that implied a total pre-tax profit of $7.5 billion. That was much more than the $4.9 billion shown in the company's financial statement for that year. In such a way, the Russian government was finally attempting to capture much of the real amount of oil rent representing the difference between low domestic and high world prices. So far, the existence of that superprofit was denied by the oil tycoons. However, there is no
[biofuel] Park Your Ride
WORLD CARFREE NEWS List-Subscribe: mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] eng Mail to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: subscribe world-carfree-news_eng List-Archive: http://lists.riseup.net/www/arc/world-carfree-news_eng --- http://www.alternet.org/envirohealth/19454/ Park Your Ride By Brian Smith, AlterNet. Posted August 4, 2004. World Carfree Day tackles one of our biggest environmental problems head-on, while giving us a glimpse of a safer, more joyous way of living. The American Dream of a suburban home with two cars in the garage is now being sold worldwide as the one true measure of success. Multinational corporations see the emerging middle classes of Asia and Eastern Europe as a goldmine. In China, more than two million automobiles have been purchased since 2002 with a growth rate of 80 percent in 2003. Those achieving the American Dream now face the associated afflictions of this success: obesity, stress, air pollution, crash mortalities, and the social isolation that comes with driving. Welcome to the good life. Of course even those who have achieved this benchmark are being forced to wonder how long it will last. The private automobile is already responsible for 40 percent of global warming and ground ozone (smog) air pollution, the obliteration of vast green spaces (a third of the real estate in the typical American city) and the staggering amount of suffering caused by traffic related death. Cars kill more than 3,000 people daily, a death toll equaling a 9/11 tragedy every day, according to a 2003 U.N. report. The dream of car ownership will expand as long as oil stays plentiful and cheap. But geologists and economists who study the oil business have recently published a slew of books with charming titles like The End of Oil that warn we will soon, or may already have, reached peak global oil production creating a situation in which supplies diminish while demand from Asia spikes. The combination will raise prices beyond anything we have seen so far. The New Earth Day? Most Americans now understand that we face an environmental crisis, and many suspect that our car-dependent lifestyle is at the core of this crisis. But we feel powerless to do anything about it. Most cities offer few mobility options besides the ever-present automobile centered transport infrastructure. Advertisers spend billions convincing us we cannot possibly live without the status symbol of a new car. Cars are the third most advertised product, after alcohol and tobacco. Enter World Carfree Day. While Earth Day in the U.S. has become a largely underattended, uninspired, and even corporate-polluter-sponsored event, World Carfree Day is a relatively new celebration that tackles one of our biggest environmental problems head-on while giving us a glimpse of an easier, more joyous way of living. World Carfree Day is a celebration of ecological mobility and livable cities that will be held internationally on Sept. 22, 2004. The idea is simple. Neighborhoods, communities, and cities encourage people to leave their cars at home for just one day a year. The first European Car Free Day was held in France in 1998 and was a huge success. Restaurants set up shop on the sidewalks while children played safely in the streets. People were able to walk at liberty on safe streets, visit with neighbors and make new friends much like their urban ancestors did just 100 years ago. The event proved to be not only an ecological success, but also a way for the community to celebrate its connections in the public space without fear of being killed by speeding automobiles. The day was unique for urban dwellers - stress free. Constitutionally Car-Free In 2003, more than 723 cities and towns in Europe participated in Car Free Day. This year cities in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia and Taiwan will officially join the party. In Bogota, Columbia voters have incorporated into their constitution four car-free days each year. In 2004, Erika Jangen, directorate general for environment with the European Commission, expects the number of participating cities internationally to reach 1,000. The goal is not just to get people out of their cars for one day. Organizers hope to show their cities and towns in another light thanks to reduced motorized traffic within restricted areas, and to inform city-dwellers of mobility options and the risks connected with auto-spewed air pollution. Participating cities launch at least one new permanent improvement in their transit, bicycle, or pedestrian system during the week. Carfree Network In late July, a determined group of urban planners, architects, policy makers, academics and activists from 21 nations gathered in Berlin for the fourth annual, Toward Carfree Cities conference. Experts included Jangen, Joel Crawford, author of Car Free Cities, and Derek Turner - the Elvis of sustainable transportation who planned and successfully implemented
[biofuel] Up to 100,000 deaths from air pollution over next 20 years, figures show
http://www.edie.net/gf.cfm?L=left_frame.htmlR=http://www.edie.net/new s/Archive/8692.cfm environmental data interactive exchange 06/08/2004 Front Page UK Europe International News Releases Up to 100,000 deaths from air pollution over next 20 years, figures show Liberal Democrat Shadow Environment Secretary, Norman Baker MP, has warned that up to 100,000 deaths could be caused over the next 20 years as a result of air pollution from increasing levels of ozone. Figures from the national air quality archive have shown that ozone, a major air pollutant, is exceeding dangerous levels and has been increasing year on year since 1997, and that in 2003, average ozone levels were up 32% since 1997. At this rate of increase, the Liberal Democrats warn, ozone pollution could kill an additional 490 people in cities year on year - over 100,000 additional deaths over the next 20 years. Ozone is far more of a problem in the summer as it is produced as a result of sunlight acting directly on pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen, and hydrocarbons. It is a highly reactive chemical which can cause respiratory problems in humans as well as damage to crops and plants. Last year's heatwave led to a dramatic increase in ozone pollution, and caused an estimated 600 deaths, the Liberal Democrats said. These figures are a stark illustration of the government's failure to take air pollution and climate change seriously. This is not something that will happen in the distant future, it is already having terrible effects on individual health, Mr Baker said. The spate of unusually hot summers is taking its toll on air quality. If global warming and the rise in vehicle emissions are allowed to continue unchallenged, the situation will only get worse. Unusually for air pollution incidences, ozone pollution is often far worse in rural rather than urban areas. Brian Stacey, a senior air pollution scientist at the National Air Quality Archive told edie that this was due to the way ozone reacts with other chemicals. Ozone is highly reactive and will react with anything it comes into contact with. In cities it gets produced by sunlight acting on such things as traffic exhausts. However, the ozone produced then reacts with other chemicals in the exhaust emissions and is broken down. In particular ozone can act on nitrogen oxide (NO) producing nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This whole cocktail of complex reactions is often then blown out of the cities and into rural areas, where, as it has far less to react with, it can build up into greater concentrations. Mr Stacey said that background concentration levels of ozone had increased anyway as a result of greater sunlight and emissions from traffic over the past seven years. The levels also build up during the summer as there is less wind or rain to disperse them. In addition, Mr Baker pointed to evidence that suggested air pollution from America was being blown across the Atlantic and settling in Britain (see related story). Urgent action is needed to reduce the causes of ozone pollution and to safeguard people's health with sustainable transport and energy policies, Mr Baker said. The Met Office also issued a warning in conjunction with the Department of Health this week, that the amount of low-level ozone was likely to be extremely high during this summer heat spell. They warned that people suffering asthma and other lung diseases should be aware that their symptoms might worsen. By David Hopkins http://www.edie.net/gf.cfm?L=left_frame.htmlR=http://www.edie.net/new s/Archive/8692.cfm environmental data interactive exchange 16/07/2004 Front Page UK Europe International News Releases US pollutants could damage European environment A team of scientists are investigating the effects and concentration of pollutants transported from one continent to another by the wind. A team of scientists are monitoring the path of a polluted air mass from the US as it heads for Europe The largest air quality and climate study ever to be launched, the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) will track a mass of polluted air as it leaves the United States and travels across the Atlantic to the UK and mainland Europe. Five research aircraft will follow the path of the polluted air mass from the east coast of America, intercepting it at various points to measure the concentration levels of ozone, aerosols and reactive chemicals and quantify any reactions or transformations that may occur. UK organiser Dr Alastair Lewis from the Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors programme (ITOP) said: It's highly likely that air leaving the States contains a cocktail of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, which are emitted from vehicle exhausts and power stations. We want to know how these will react together on the way to Europe and notably whether they form
RE: [biofuel] 2 stage method questions
Sorry, just trying to avoid purchansing titration equipment. And get a good unerstanding of the processes before I start anything. I just got access to a highschool lab, if I bring my own chemicals and wash after I have used the equipment. I also had bought some isopropanol (%99 pure) with the phosphoric acid. Can and should I titrate larger quatities of wvo, should I mix them?? Say I collect 10L each from three different sources, can I mix them and then titrate? Or do I have to titrate them separately? What about the denser white fat at the bottom? Can I collect say one ton of wvo and then titrate it? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Aquarium pump in dehumidifier
Just wondering will it help the dehumidifying or methanol recovery processes at all if the input of the aquarium pump was set up in a manner as to suck air through a cooled copper coil from the top of the processor and then pump it to the bottom of the processor? Theoretically methanol can get in to the bubbles of gas more easily than swimming to the top. Plus the gas on top of the processor will be less saturated agail helping more molecules to escape from the BD or WVO Teoman Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Will fuel made from used oil meet astm spec?
I know i don't need to meet astm , was just an example :) From: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [biofuel] Will fuel made from used oil meet astm spec? Date: Sat, 7 Aug 2004 17:08:21 +0900 frag_lag wrote: Wondering , in Germany they are only allowed to use fresh oil because of this.. Here in Holland the same thing is being done as far as i know :-) I wonder how little (much) the oilseed rape interests had to do with that. Dunno about Germany and Holland, but Austria imports a lot of WVO (waste vegetable oil - used, cooked with) for conversion to biodiesel, and Austria has high standards. I think Austria's always been in the lead with biodiesel in Europe (and probably worldwide). Anyway, it's not ASTM standards you should be concerned with - you're in Holland, ASTM is American. Here are the various national standards: National standards for biodiesel http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_yield2.html#biodstds See also: Standards and the homebrewer http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_ASTM.html As for your question, one list member's answer: Hey All -- just thought I would let you know that I just received my results from the ASTM tests [the US ASTM D-6751 biodiesel standard] and we passed all categories. Just another good example of a homebrewer in a remote setting (Bahamas) making spec-grade biofuel! Thanks! -- Jack http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_link.html#forums He uses WVO. Best wishes Keith _ Protect your PC - get McAfee.com VirusScan Online http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963 Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Will fuel made from used oil meet astm spec?
Anyway , is it possible to meet the european standard at home then? or is it higher then astm? From: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [biofuel] Will fuel made from used oil meet astm spec? Date: Sat, 7 Aug 2004 17:08:21 +0900 frag_lag wrote: Wondering , in Germany they are only allowed to use fresh oil because of this.. Here in Holland the same thing is being done as far as i know :-) I wonder how little (much) the oilseed rape interests had to do with that. Dunno about Germany and Holland, but Austria imports a lot of WVO (waste vegetable oil - used, cooked with) for conversion to biodiesel, and Austria has high standards. I think Austria's always been in the lead with biodiesel in Europe (and probably worldwide). Anyway, it's not ASTM standards you should be concerned with - you're in Holland, ASTM is American. Here are the various national standards: National standards for biodiesel http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_yield2.html#biodstds See also: Standards and the homebrewer http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_ASTM.html As for your question, one list member's answer: Hey All -- just thought I would let you know that I just received my results from the ASTM tests [the US ASTM D-6751 biodiesel standard] and we passed all categories. Just another good example of a homebrewer in a remote setting (Bahamas) making spec-grade biofuel! Thanks! -- Jack http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_link.html#forums He uses WVO. Best wishes Keith _ Talk with your online friends with MSN Messenger http://messenger.msn.nl/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Will fuel made from used oil meet astm spec?
frag_lag wrote: Anyway , is it possible to meet the european standard at home then? or is it higher then astm? I gave you a link to the national standards, why don't you see for yourself? As to homebrewers meeting the EU standard, I've dealt with that in previous messages: Meeting the German or Austrian standard isn't difficult, but the Euro standard might be, especially if we think bubblewashing is a great idea. Might have to drop bubblewashing, go for simple stirring instead (and making the stuff properly in the first place). Might have to use an additive as well. And, might have to drop soy too. Something tells me the ASTM standard isn't about to adopt these Euro oxidation limits any time soon. Here's the whole message, dated May 20. Check it out: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/34679/ Why would a homebrewer be interested in meeting industry standards anyway? If you're only homebrewing you're not going to be selling the stuff and tests are expensive. If you want to know whether or not you're making quality fuel there's a much easier way of doing that, which has been mentioned several times by several people in recent messages: Quality testing http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_vehicle.html#quality Keith Addison From: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [biofuel] Will fuel made from used oil meet astm spec? Date: Sat, 7 Aug 2004 17:08:21 +0900 frag_lag wrote: Wondering , in Germany they are only allowed to use fresh oil because of this.. Here in Holland the same thing is being done as far as i know :-) I wonder how little (much) the oilseed rape interests had to do with that. Dunno about Germany and Holland, but Austria imports a lot of WVO (waste vegetable oil - used, cooked with) for conversion to biodiesel, and Austria has high standards. I think Austria's always been in the lead with biodiesel in Europe (and probably worldwide). Anyway, it's not ASTM standards you should be concerned with - you're in Holland, ASTM is American. Here are the various national standards: National standards for biodiesel http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_yield2.html#biodstds See also: Standards and the homebrewer http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_ASTM.html As for your question, one list member's answer: Hey All -- just thought I would let you know that I just received my results from the ASTM tests [the US ASTM D-6751 biodiesel standard] and we passed all categories. Just another good example of a homebrewer in a remote setting (Bahamas) making spec-grade biofuel! Thanks! -- Jack http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_link.html#forums He uses WVO. Best wishes Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
RE: [biofuel] 2 stage method questions
Hello Teoman Sorry, just trying to avoid purchansing titration equipment. And get a good unerstanding of the processes before I start anything. If you read the previous messages I referred you to on this, you'd see those two statements are incompatible. Anyway, how much would titration equipment cost you? Or how little rather? You'll get it all back and more on what you save with your first tankful. False economy. I just got access to a highschool lab, if I bring my own chemicals and wash after I have used the equipment. Good, so start at the beginning then, single-stage base with virgin oil, small test batches: Where do I start? http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html#start I also had bought some isopropanol (%99 pure) with the phosphoric acid. Can and should I titrate larger quatities of wvo, should I mix them?? If you're going to process the mixture, sure, why not? On the other hand, if something goes wrong and it's caused by oil from one source and not the others it won't be very easy to discover the problem. You'll have to go back to the beginning, titrate the oil from each bach separately, and do small test batches with each. Say I collect 10L each from three different sources, can I mix them and then titrate? Or do I have to titrate them separately? What about the denser white fat at the bottom? Depends what it is, tallow, hydrogenated, gunk. And whether you plan to use the fuel in summer or winter. See: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_winter.html Biodiesel in winter Can I collect say one ton of wvo and then titrate it? Yes, but you're unlikely to be doing that before you've made your first one-litre test batches with virgin oil. It's often said that making biodiesel doesn't lend itself well to theorising - just do it. Focus on doing it properly and learning as much as you can. Be thorough. The more effort and care you put into doing it well and developing good practices in the beginning the better off you'll be later, it really pays off. When you have some hands-on experience your forward planning and theorising will make a lot more sense. Best wishes Keith Addison Previous: Teoman Please see this recent message (two days ago) on why you should not be using the Foolproof method until you have a lot more experience. It says so after all, right at the top of the page. You don't believe it, or what? http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/37345/ In fact I'll post it all again, in the hopes that maybe at long long last somebody might take just a little notice and save themselves a whole bunch of trouble, and also us: Please see: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/37310/1/ Please read all six of the messages in the thread, including this: The two-stage processes are not the place to start making biodiesel. It says right at the top of the page: NOTE: The two-stage biodiesel processes are advanced methods, not for novices -- learn the basics thoroughly first. The single-stage base method is the place to start. Start here. Here being here - single stage, with new oil: Where do I start? http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html#start There was some discussion about this at the list recently, please see these two previous posts: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/35241/ Re: What went wrong? http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/35214/ Re: What went wrong? Thankyou. Keith Addison Journey to Forever I have just bought some phosphoric acid which is rated at 87%, and the foolproof method says that it should be 10%, what should I do? Use less or dilute it (with what) 8. Mix gently at LOW rpm (don't splash!) while keeping the temperature at 35 deg C. The rotation of your stirrer should not exceed 500 to 600 rpm -- speed is not crucial and splashed oil is a mess to clean. I didn't quite get this, why shouldn't it exceed 500-600 rpm?? What difference does it make? If I have a closed processor isnt stnadard mixing (via washingmachine pump or pool pump) good enough?? Thanks Teoman PS: Where can I Find a vaccum pump? Would a vaccum cleaner do? Or a vaccum pump for the brakes of a car? Howmany bars should the pump be? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ~-- Yahoo! Domains - Claim yours for only $14.70 http://us.click.yahoo.com/Z1wmxD/DREIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM ~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
