Re: Suitability of X2 Capacitors as Basic Insulation

Peter, I understand you want to use this capacitor between the Central Office battery and Ground (Protective Earth). Why do you need Basic Insulation anyway if you interconnect to Protective Earth. >From my point of view, you only need Operational insulation. Regards, Chris Collin On Thu, 05 Oc

Re: Correction - When is an LED evaluated to IEC 825, like a Laser?

Kathy, IEC60825-1 is a standard for LED's and LASERs. In most cases, LEDs are class 1 and thus harmless, but the data of the LED should tell you about this. I was told by LEd manufacturer that LED's are mostly class 1, but due to the requirement of more light power for LEDs, they could get at t

RE: Correction - When is an LED evaluated to IEC 825, like a Las er?

Hello Kathy, I assume that you are designing products to IEC 60950. However, which edition? There is a big difference between the 2nd and 3rd editions when it comes to LEDs. IEC 60950 3rd edition does not specify LEDs having to be compliant with IEC 60825-1, only lasers (see clause 4.3.13 and A

IEC 945

Does anyone have a list of the limits for IEC 945? Regards Guy Story, KC5GOI Interphase Corporation 13800 Senlac Dallas Texas 75234

RE: When is an LED a Laser?

I should restate what I said earlier - LEDs are covered under IEC 825, but the typical display LED falls so far below the Maximum Permissible Exposure levels as to be exempt (see Scope of IEC 825). Paul O'S. -Original Message- From: geor...@lexmark.com [mailto:geor...@lexmark.com] Sent:

Re: Test lab with 5uH LISN's at 150Adc

Hi Jim, Have you tried Electronic Test Centre in Airdrie, Alberta? Tel: (403) 912-0037 -- = Daniel Kwok Vancouver, BC, Canada Intetron Consulting, Inc. Telephone 604.432.

RE: RTTE & PTT Notification

Thanks Jon. We are using a recognized radio test lab to make our first notifications. We may do it ourselves after that. I am sure that there are many of us that would love to have a copy of that list you have. Would you post it please? Richard Woods -- From: Jon Bond [S

RE: When is an LED a Laser?

Hello Kathy, Your design engineers may be getting classical LEDs mixed up with Laser Diodes, which I have seen labelled as Laser LEDs. LEDs are the red, green, yellow indicators which have become commonplace everywhere. These put out a simple non-coherent light. I do not believe they are cove

RE: RTTE & PTT Notification

No, seemed fairly simple once I figured out where to send the notifications to. Let me know if you need some of that information, I have developed a good database. Oh I did get a call from someone in France about my notification. He sounded like he was at a payphone in a train station. On to

RE: When is an LED a Laser?

Kathy, IEC 825-1 has been published as EN 60825-1. EN 60825-1 covers lasers and LED's. An LED and a laser are two different devices, so I don't think that I can tell you the circumstances under which an LED "becomes" a laser. Theoretically, this would only happen if the piece of semiconductor

RE: RTTE & PTT Notification

We recently submitted notifications to the EU and EFTA member states. With the generous help of a regular contributor to this forum, we were provided with numerous member state notification forms, mailing addresses and email addresses to send out the notifications. We also "heard" that Germany

RE: EN 55024 Immunity testing

Kurt, There are unfortunately no short cuts with regard to acquiring the information contained in EN related standards. If your company is serious about understanding the requirements they need to purchase not only EN55024 but all the referenced standards as well. But tell them to look on the brig

Thanks for all the advice

Thanks to all who responded to my UL1950 desparate cry for help regarding interpretation of the clauses under 4.4. To summarize : (Rich) : Sub-clauses 4.4.3.2 through 4.4.3.6 are specific requirements for parts inside a fire enclosure, invoked by the compliance statement of 4.4.3.1. (Sub-claus

Test lab with 5uH LISN's at 150Adc

I am having troubles locating a lab on the west coast that can do CISPR25 conducted emissions on a DC port that has 150Adc current draw, because no-one seems to have a pair of 5uH LISN's rated that high. I am ordering some but with the lead-time I've been quoted I need a contract lab in the meant

RE: Correction - When is an LED evaluated to IEC 825, like a Las er?

IEC 825 is now IEC 60825 and it has been adopted in the EU as EN 60825. Compliance to the EN is mandatory for all products subject to the Low Voltage Directive. Thus, a PC with an LED on the floppy drive must comply. Other countries have other legal requirements. For example, the FDA in the US reg

EN 55024 Immunity Testing

Thanks very much to all who responded to my request for information on EN 55024. I now have all of the information that I need. Whenever I have a compliance question I can always count on this group to come up with the answers. Thanks again. Kurt Andrews Compliance Engineer Tracewell Systems, In

RE: RTTE & PTT Notification

Thanks for blazing the trail, Sam. Did you run into any quirks in other EEA countries? Richard Woods -- From: Wismer, Sam [SMTP:wisme...@lxe.com] Sent: Thursday, October 05, 2000 2:04 PM To: wo...@sensormatic.com; emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org Sub

RE: RTTE & PTT Notification

Hi Richard, Yes that was me. For our 2.4GHZ equipment, I made notification to the RegTP declaring complaince to the essential requirements of the RTTE Directive as required by Article 6.4 of the directive. The response I received back was that it was necessary to declare complaince to their nati

Correction - When is an LED evaluated to IEC 825, like a Laser?

(I restated the question.) Our design engineers are using LED more often and have been asked if the LED are approved by IEC 825. Question: When does an LED need to be evaluated to IEC 825 standard? Are there any other industry limits for specific LEDs? It seems that in the past LEDs wer

RE: When is an LED a Laser?

IEC 825 covers emissions from LEDs and lasers. They devices use different technologies; however, the limits apply to both LEDs and lasers. Richard Woods -- From: Kathy Toy [SMTP:kathy@eng.sun.com] Sent: Thursday, October 05, 2000 1:09 PM To: emc-p..

Re: EN 55024 Immunity testing

Kurt, You should also be aware that the EN 55024 standard refers to another eight or more standards (ESD, Radiated RF, Electrical Fast Transients, Surge, Conducted Field Immunity, Magnetic Fields and Voltage Dips / Interruptions and EN 55022 for definitions) Larry Stillings Compliance World

When is an LED a Laser?

Kathy, I am no expert on IEC 60825, but may help a little. The standard is intended to prevent human exposure to light energy within specified wavelengths. It initially focused only on laser safety, because lasers represent a beam of focused energy, i.e. more uW per area. An LED is not a laser

RE: Electron Flow

I feel compelled to interject, having some experience in the area of lightning. It's true that the majority of lightning return strokes are negative. However, positive return strokes, usually occurring toward the end of a storm, do occur. They also tend to have a larger magnitude, on average, th

RE: EN 55024 Immunity testing

There is more to it than just the levels, Kurt. You must also know how what test equipment is needed, the test set up, the test conditions and the pass/fail criteria. For that you will need this standard and one basic standard for each of the tests. Richard Woods -- From:

When is an LED a Laser?

Hi: Our design engineers are using LED more often and have been asked if the LED are approved by IEC 825. My question: When is an LED a Laser? In other words, at what power level does an LED become required to meet the IEC 825 standard? Are there industry limits for specific LEDs? It see

RE: Suitability of X2 Capacitors as Basic Insulation

Hello Peter: According to IEC 384-14, the capacitor types suitable to bridge BASIC INSULATION are Y2, Y3, or Y4 capacitors. According to the voltages you specify, a Y4 cap would be suitable. The thing to keep in mind here is clause 1.5.3 of IEC 384-14, which defined an X capacitor as: "A capaci

Re: RTTE & PTT Notification

It is my understanding that the UK wants information on the modulation used and the ITU classifcation. Other than that I have not heard of anything else from any other country (including Germany).has anyone else heard of country "specials" and the RTTE? =

RE: Electron Flow

Barry, I believe Ross is right for the last and larger half (LARGER half?? {poetic license}) of a lightning strike. As I understand the current lightning model the initial strike is a positive "Leader" coming from the cloud to the ground. The Leader is a thin column of air that has been ioni

EN 55024 Immunity testing

Group, I have been asked to come up with information on what is involved in EN 55024 Immunity testing. Specifically what are the various voltages, currents, etc. used for each test. I do not have a copy of the standard and my company does not want to purchase it at this time. For instance I know

RE: Electron Flow

Here we go...this ought to be good. Richard Hunt Engineering Services Manager Direct: (818) 678-3860 Canoga Perkins Corp. Main:(818) 718-6300 20600 Prairie Street FAX

RE: Electron Flow

I came across an interesting reference. It appears that charge flow is both directions. See http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/eee2proj/rtal97/physics.html especially Figure 5 at the bottom of the webpage. > -- > From: Lichtenstein, Ross[SMTP:ross.lichtenst...@owenscorning.com] > Reply To:

RE: UL 508 C

Hi Rafael, I don't know how to exactly align UL 508C to an IEC equivalent, although some of the learned members of this forum are sure to have suggestions. Mine would be to contact UL. UL is well connected with a European agency and so I'm assuming they would likely be able to supply the informat

RE: Power Line Voltages

Randy: Try: http://www.clary.com/Service/IntVoltage.asp http://kropla.com/electric.htm Regards, Ed :-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-):-) Ed Price ed.pr...@cubic.com Electromagnetic Compatibility Lab Cubic Defense Systems San Diego, CA. USA 858-505-2780

RE: Electron Flow

Barry, I could be wrong, and if so I would stand corrected, but from my basic electronics training, I recall that electron flow is from negative to positive. I also recall being taught that lightning actually travels from earth (neg. charge) upward to the positive charge of the clouds. Then th

UL 508 C

Dear Sirs, How can I know the equivalent IEC standard of the UL 508 C ? Thanks very mush for your time and collaboration. Rafael González Licerán Area Seguridad Eléctrica rgonzál...@cetecom.es _ CENTRO DE TECNOLOGIA DE LAS COMUNICACIONES,

An article regarding EN 61000-3-2 and EN 61000-3-3

Guys, One of the recent "Conformity" updates had an article on these standards. Follow the link below: http://www.conformity-update.com/iec-61000-000908.htm Just another piece to add. Thanks, Chris Maxwell, Design Engineer GN Nettest Optical Division 6 Rhoads Drive, Building 4 Utica, NY 13

RE: Power Line Voltages

Try the US Dept of Commerce. They have a pamphlet titled "Electric Current Abroad" which should give you all the information you need. It can be ordered from their website for $5.00 in hardcopy. I believe it is also available electronically from the same site. John P. Wagner AVAYA Communicati

RE: Power Line Voltages

Web sites - try: http://www.kropla.com/electric2.htm http://www.interpower.com/guide.htm http://www.quail.com/locator/index.html Books: Electric Current Abroad - US Dept of Commerce, 1-800-553-NTIS, or http://www.ntis.gov the order number is PB98-193383 I think California Instruments: Current G

RTTE & PTT Notification

We are about to begin our RTTE notification process to the various PTTs in the EEA member countries. I read on this forum that Germany requires declaration to their national standard and not an ETSI standard. Are there any countries that have "special" requirements for the notification? Richard

RE: Standards hierarchy

Exactly, CENELEC has a full blown case of conflicting standards. Gert has gone the extra step to contact Mr DeVre. This provides us with another piece of information. But it doesn't give us CENELEC's official position. I consider it equivalent to getting the opinion of one justice of the Sup

RE: Standards hierarchy

Hello Jim, group You are fully right. A standard not covering a certain EMC subject, or whitening it out due to whatever reason but physical/technical (such as a filament lamp not being susceptible) still owes the presumption of compliance but the presumption will not hold in court. After all ,

RE: Standards hierarchy

I support your belief, Jim. The safeguard clause provides the member states with the ability to halt a product from being placed on the market due to a faulty standard. If that happens the Commission must quickly consult with all parties and make a decision of the status of the standard. I have no

Band reject filters

Can anyone recommend sources for band reject filters for 2.45 GHz? regards, Ari Honkala --- This message is from the IEEE EMC Society Product Safety Technical Committee emc-pstc discussion list. To cancel your subscription, send mail to: majord...

Re: Power Line Voltages

Reference Data for Engineers has this information. A local library would have it. Ralph Cameron EMC Consulting and Suppression of Consumer Electronic Equipment (After Sale) - Original Message - From: "Flinders, Randall" To: "emc-pstc" Sent: Wednesday, October 04, 2000 8:00 PM Subject:

Re: Power Line Voltages

Randy, I know that you already received a couple of sites but I've noticed that different sites have different data. Most of it is in agreement but some of it is not. Here are several that I use to compare. http://www.panelcomponents.com/guide.htm http://www.quail.com/locator/index.html http://ww

Sept. 29, 2000 Conformity-Update Now Available

Conformity-Update for the week ending Sept. 29, 2000 is now available at: http://www.conformity-update.com --- This message is from the IEEE EMC Society Product Safety Technical Committee emc-pstc discussion list. To cancel your subscription, send mail to

Suitability of X2 Capacitors as Basic Insulation

Is it possible to use a 250 Vac X2 approved capacitor as a y capacitor (input to ground) for a unit with an input voltage of 48/60Vdc up to 72Vdc? In other words, is an X2 capacitor suitable for basic insulation? Peter Merguerian Managing Director Product Testing Division I.T.L. (Product Testing)

RE: Power Line Voltages

Electric Current Abroad is still available. The last issue I saw was 1998. You can order a copy from the following web site: < http://www.claitors.com/prf/catelog/003-009-00673-2.html > Regards, +=+ |Ronald R. Wellman

RE: Power Line Voltages

Hi Randy, Try this link. http://www.ets-tele.com/tics/global/volt_freq.htm Regards, Cameron O'Phee. EMC & Safety Precompliance. Aristocrat Technologies Australia. Telephone : +61 2 9697 4420 Facsimile : +61 2 9663 1412 Mobile : 0

RE: ESD Opportunities

Barry: I'll mostly duck the lightning question, although I think that charge may flow in either direction. Since there are cloud-to-cloud discharges, that means some mechanism must be available to create an excess of electrons in one cloud and a deficit of electrons in another. So any given clou

RE: Standards hierarchy

OK now I'm really confused. It suddenly hit me that I thought publication in the OJ conferred presumption of conformity with the essential requirements!!! End of sentence, full stop. Silly me, I must stop standing so close to the microwave. Are we really in a situation where there are standard

Re: Power Line Voltages

Hi Randy: http://kropla.com/electric.htm http://www.clary.com/Service/IntVoltage.asp http://www.quail.com/locator/index.html http://www.fele.com/empd/tech/fe-power.html http://www.panelcomponents.com/guide.htm http://www.ets-tele.com/tics/global/volt_freq.htm Best regards, Rich

Power Line Voltages

Greetings group! I am looking for a resource, preferrably but not neccessarily on the web, were I can get all of the power line voltages and frequencies for every country. This includes Europe, The Pac Rim, Autralia, Africa, Middle East, etc Can anyone direct me to this information? Any hel