OK, I just pulled out my scope and took some measurements with the clark zapper.
First I looked at the schematic in the book, and it shows a 1 K resistor for R3. So 9 volts on 1k would be 9 mA short circuit. See previous postings of this schematic by me to this group to verify if you like. When I was working in industry the UL requirement was 10 mA of leakage max. so this makes sense to me. Open circuit I was getting right at 9 volts peak to peak. With the hand holds wetted and held I was getting a 3.2 volt peak to peak signal. So we had 3.2 volts across the hands, and 5.8 volts drop across the output resistor of the zapper (assuming 0 output impedance of the driver). That works out to 5.8 mA in this case. 3.2 Volts divided by 5.8 mA is 551 ohms resistance from hand to hand, which is right in line with what I typically measure for this type of setup. I don't know where you get the body resistance is 200K, the body is full of blood, which has salt in it, and is very conductive. Dry skin will give readings of this order, but not wet skin over a large area of several square inches as when holding the hand holds with a wet paper towel. The 3.2 volts is fairly close to the 2.6 volts loaded that was given earlier. So I stand by my original statement. However there is one oddity. My body ends up looking like a 2.4 volt battery in series with a 551 ohm resistor. The pulses do not return to ground but go only as low as 3.2 volts So the 3.2 volt square wave is really going from 2.4 volts to 5.8 volts. That is it is centered on about 4.1 volts. I am not sure what the polarization is or where it is coming from. So in reality we actually have a reverse current during the low part of the cycle of about half the amplitude of the positive current during the postive part. I find this odd, and will have to think about it to figure out why. Marshall "Dean T. Miller" wrote: > Hi Marshall, > > On Wed, 09 Aug 2000 12:00:29 -0400, Marshall Dudley > <mdud...@execonn.com> wrote: > > >The Clark Zapper runs approximately 9V peak to peak, not 2.6 Volts open > >circuit. Once attached it may be 2.6 volts, but that is due to the current > >limiting and the loading by the body to limit it to the maximum of 10 mA. > > I haven't checked recently, but I thought that Clark was shooting for > about 7 volts for the pulse when attached (held in the hands). Also, > the current limit is 1 mA, isn't it? At least, that's the safety > guideline put out by one "official" group. > > Normal body resistance to DC current is 200,000+ Ohms. It's lower to > pulses, but not low enough to put too much current (over 1 mA) through > the body at 10 volts. > > If the pulse is only 2.6 volts, the driver circuit apparently isn't > able to supply enough current, which also means that the pulse shape > won't be close to a square wave. > > >I am > >pretty sure the Beck unit also limits to 10 Ma, so it would in effect have > >the > >same voltage as the Clark unit when attached. > > I wish that were true, but it's not. The beck unit (the DC blood > electrifier) uses 30 to 35 volts across the electrodes -- WHEN > ATTACHED! That's probably okay because the current should still be > under 1 mA -- but it's close to the limit. > > -- Dean -- from (almost) Duh Moyn (CDP, KB0ZDF) > > -- > The silver-list is a moderated forum for discussion of colloidal silver. > > To join or quit silver-list or silver-digest send an e-mail message to: > silver-list-requ...@eskimo.com -or- silver-digest-requ...@eskimo.com > with the word subscribe or unsubscribe in the SUBJECT line. > > To post, address your message to: silver-list@eskimo.com > Silver-list archive: http://escribe.com/health/thesilverlist/index.html > List maintainer: Mike Devour <mdev...@eskimo.com>
