Wouldn't the behaviours of Muhammad or even Hussein have also been permitted under "righteous warfare"?
Peace Gilberto In relation to Muhammad: *** The military expeditions of Muhammad, on the contrary, were always defensive actions: a proof of this is that during thirteen years, in Mecca, He and His followers endured the most violent persecutions. At this period they were the target for the arrows of hatred: some of His companions were killed and their property confiscated; others fled to foreign lands. Muhammad Himself, after the most extreme persecutions by the Qurayshites, who finally resolved to kill Him, fled to Medina in the middle of the night. Yet even then His enemies did not cease their persecutions, but pursued Him to Medina, and His disciples even to Abyssinia. (`Abdu'l-Baha: Some Answered Questions, Pages: 18-19)*** In relation to the Imam Husayn Please Please see http://bahai-library.com/theses/dying/dying5.shiism.html#RTFToC13 The Martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali The principal events surrounding the death of Imam Husayn, the Prince of Martyrs (sayyed al-shuhada') are clear and fairly well documented, though their interpretation may not always be. However, this event soon became the event of central significance to the entire Shii history--indeed, it became seen as a central event in the entire history of humankind, one towards which previous history was teleologically drawn and from which subsequent history charted its course[52]--and its details became highly elaborated upon and surrounded with numerous non-historical embellishments. While any academic history of Shiism will present the details of this history, it is only the event as seen through the eye of the believer that concerns this project.[53] As this event is foundational for Shiism and Babism and its details and characters will be referred to and cited frequently in this study, a summary of the incident is necessary here. The following account, which is representative of what has become a distinct genre of narrations of Husayn's death, will be telescoped from an apologetic (and, incidentally, Bahai) source: Abu'l-Qasim Faizi's The Prince of Martyrs: a brief account of the Imam Husayn.[54] http://bahai-library.com/provisionals/ziyarat.imam.husayn.kf.html Lawh-i-Zíyárat-Namih-i-Imám Husayn[1] Tablet of Visitation for Imám Husayn A PhD thesis http://bahai-library.com/theses/religious.unity/religious.unity.01.html another Ph D thesis http://bahai-library.com/?file=lawson_quran_commentary_bab.html The Ra'fati thesis http://bahaistudies.net/td/DevelopmentofShaykhiThought-pp1-48(Rafati).pdf __________________________________________________ You are subscribed to Baha'i Studies as: mailto:archive@mail-archive.com To unsubscribe, send a blank email to mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] To subscribe, use subscribe bahai-st in the message body to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Baha'i Studies is available through the following: Mail - mailto:bahai-st@list.jccc.edu Web - http://list.jccc.edu/read/?forum=bahai-st News - news://list.jccc.edu/bahai-st Public - http://www.escribe.com/religion/bahaist Old Public - http://www.mail-archive.com/bahai-st@list.jccc.net New Public - http://www.mail-archive.com/bahai-st@list.jccc.edu