Jon and Robert, This issue illustrates an important point about Peirce's development. His ideas were constantly "growing" (Peirce's own word), and he kept revising his terminology as he continued to find new ways of relating his ideas to one another and to the common vocabulary of his day (much of which he defined for the Century Dictionary). JAS> That passage is from R 1345, dated c. 1896, and thus was written several years prior to Peirce's much more comprehensive classification of 1903. It seems to me that empirics became phenomenology Yes, but it does not contradict what he wrote in 1896. Unless Peirce explicitly rejects something he wrote earlier, we must consider it a valid aspect of his thought. And we should try to understand what differences, if any, there may be in the different choices of words. Instead of saying that empirics became phenomenology, it's better to say that empirics, phenomenology, and phaneroscopy are three related, but slightly different ways of talking about closely related issues. RM> I always thought that the most peircean of the classifications of sciences was this one : CSP> *Mathematics* the study of ideal constructions without reference to their real existence, Empirics, the study of phenomena with the purpose of identifying their forms with those *mathematics* has studied, Pragmatics, the study of how we ought to behave in the light of the truths of empirics." (NEM, vol.IV, p. 1122) This quotation is important for understanding his 1903 classification. It shows that the empirical aspects of science require mathematics to interpret experiences in the phaneron. And the passage from 1896 should be compared with R602, which Peirce wrote a few years after 1903. In R602, Peirce goes back to the issues about the role of mathematics. (See http://jfsowa.com/peirce/r602.htm ) A comparison of the 1896 version with the later two shows the differences and the similarities between Peirce's views and Hegel's. Husserl, by the way, earned his PhD in mathematics. In his book on diagrammatology, Frederik Stjernfelt showed many of the similarities between Peirce's phaneroscopy and Husserl's version of phenomenology. I strongly recommend Stjernfelt's book for its insights into the ways that two mathematicians addressed closely related issues. John
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