Re: Problème avec pulseaudio

[Haricophile]

Le Tue, 22 Jun 2021 21:01:46 +,
Hugues Larrive  a écrit :

> À mon avis le mieux à faire (le plus simple) pour se débarasser de
> ces messages c'est de créer le dossier /nonexistent avec des
> permissions similaires à /tmp (chmod 1777) afin que tous les
> utilisateurs dont c'est le dossier personnel puissent y accéder.

Le mieux ça serait de voir comment est lancé pulseaudio pour voir
pourquoi il est lancé en nobody qui n'a pas de /home/nobody d'où le
"nonexitent", au lieu d'être lancé sous un user. Sans
rejeter totalement le bug, à mon avis c'est dans une config ou
le profil de l'utilisateur (quelque chose qui a changé avec un
changement de version ou autre ?). Créer un dossier nonexitent me
parait comme réparer une tête de robinet qui goutte en mettant une
bassine en dessous, ça élimine les inconvénients mais ne résoud rien. 

Si tu lance pulse en root, il va aussi envoyer le "nonexitent" avec
avant "impossible de créer le dossier, permission refusée" (message
plus clair, il n'a pas le droit de créer /root/.config/pulseaudio

Mettre pulse en daemon peut avoir quelques inconvénients (surtout au
début de pulse quand ça plantait tout le temps), mais c'est une
possibilité qui affranchit de la gestion des utilisateurs.

Re: How to create dictionary and spell checker for my locale language (Malay) ?

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Mi, 23 iun 21, 11:53:47, Robbi Nespu wrote:
> Hello Debian!
> 
> TLDR; How I can generate my own dictionary and spell checker file?

Try asking on debian-i18n.
 
> I from Malaysia, we use Malay (Bahasa Melayu) as our primary language but we
> don't mind using English for user-interface of software and communication. I
> think most of us are comfortable with English because direct Malays
> translation maybe awkward a bits but of course I encourage Malays (Ms)
> translation (I do translation too, btw).

Yes, this is a challenge for other languages too (speaking as a 
translator myself).

> That is OK for user-interface but when comes to document such as
> dissertation, paperwork, report which we use word-processing such as
> LibreOffice and so..we really want dictionary and spellchecker to validate
> what we typed and fix typos right away..
> 
> Checking around, I found there is few contribution made by some people but
> that distribute dictionary and affix file, but it not been update quite long
> time.
> 
> I wonder how their build and test the files? It must be using some tools. I
> contacted them to ask, but not getting response..could be their not use the
> email anymore or already left this world.

Once you figure out how this works you might want to take over upstream 
development, i.e. put the sources on Gitlab or similar and invite other 
Malay speakers / translators to submit words to the dictionary.

> On my research, I found most of people using Myspell long time ago, and
> mostly now are using Hunspell and there is new tool called Nuspell too, but
> I don't understand how to use it. Where you I put my new keyword? Can anyone
> guide me? Correct me if this is not the tool for what I am looking for.

As far as I recall Myspell was used by OpenOffice.org, not sure what 
LibreOffice is using now.

And there's also aspell, and vim's own format, and probably others I 
forgot about.

https://xkcd.com/927/

As far as I recall there are tools to convert between some formats 
(possibly only one way), so it should be possible to have the "source" 
dictionary in one format and generate all other formats from it (if 
still needed / in use).

Hope this helps,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: Messed up Email

[Charlie Gibbs]

On Tue Jun 22 11:11:38 2021 Gene Heskett  wrote:

> On Tuesday 22 June 2021 07:02:25 Richard Owlett wrote:
>
>> On 06/22/2021 04:44 AM, Brad Rogers wrote:
>>
>>> In addition to everything everybody else has said, and just to make
>>> it absolutely clear;
>>>
>>> gmail != email
>>>
>>> or, in words;
>>>
>>> gmail IS NOT email
>>>
>>> There may be vast swathes of overlap, but don't expect google to do
>>> anything right.
>>>
>>> All that google offer is for THEIR benefit, not yours.
>>
>> One reason I pay a local supplier for email service -- effectively
>> it is cheaper than any so called "free service".
>
> Doesn't your ISP provide an email server? In my neck of the woods,
> its part of the services an ISP provides for a basic 10 megabaud
> connection.

Our ISP (Telus) recently decided to get out of the e-mail and web
hosting business.  All e-mail accounts have been transferred (e-mail
addresses and all) to Google.  I believe the appropriate term is
"sold down the river".

I was doing e-mail through a third party long before getting involved
with Telus, so I don't have to worry about it.  It's a few extra
dollars, but IMHO it's money well spent.

--
cgi...@surfnaked.ca (Charlie Gibbs)

How to create dictionary and spell checker for my locale language (Malay) ?

[Robbi Nespu]

Hello Debian!

TLDR; How I can generate my own dictionary and spell checker file?

I from Malaysia, we use Malay (Bahasa Melayu) as our primary language 
but we don't mind using English for user-interface of software and 
communication. I think most of us are comfortable with English because 
direct Malays translation maybe awkward a bits but of course I encourage 
Malays (Ms) translation (I do translation too, btw).


That is OK for user-interface but when comes to document such as 
dissertation, paperwork, report which we use word-processing such as 
LibreOffice and so..we really want dictionary and spellchecker to 
validate what we typed and fix typos right away..


Checking around, I found there is few contribution made by some people 
but that distribute dictionary and affix file, but it not been update 
quite long time.


I wonder how their build and test the files? It must be using some 
tools. I contacted them to ask, but not getting response..could be their 
not use the email anymore or already left this world.


On my research, I found most of people using Myspell long time ago, and 
mostly now are using Hunspell and there is new tool called Nuspell too, 
but I don't understand how to use it. Where you I put my new keyword? 
Can anyone guide me? Correct me if this is not the tool for what I am 
looking for.


Looking at English hunspell package by debian, it look like it have some 
pattern and unfortunately I don't understand it but thanks to Nuspell 
manual wiki, I able to understand it


$ head /usr/share/hunspell/en_US.aff
SET UTF-8
TRY esianrtolcdugmphbyfvkwzESIANRTOLCDUGMPHBYFVKWZ'
ICONV 1
ICONV ’ '
NOSUGGEST !

# ordinal numbers
COMPOUNDMIN 1
# only in compounds: 1th, 2th, 3th
ONLYINCOMPOUND c

$ head /usr/share/hunspell/en_US.dic
78975
0/nm
0th/pt
1/n1
1st/p
1th/tc
2/nm
2nd/p
2th/tc
3/nm

78975
0/nm
0th/pt
1/n1
1st/p
1th/tc
2/nm
2nd/p
2th/tc
3/nm

As end user, no body care much about it but now I care because I want to 
implement Malay words on it and generate the dictionary and affix file.


I know, it take time to have a good size of file to be useful, but I 
might spend few hour when I free and someone maybe can continue my work.


I have plan to put it on debian package too. Since I have experience 
with debian packaging. So I take a look on most hunspell package on debian.


$ ls /usr/share/hunspell/ -la
total 860
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   4096 Feb 26 00:00 .
drwxr-xr-x 381 root root  12288 Jun 14 22:09 ..
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   3090 Mar  1  2020 en_US.aff
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 859956 Mar  1  2020 en_US.dic

I don't have hunspell installed but I have hunspell-en-us

$ apt-cache policy hunspell hunspell-en-us
hunspell:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1.7.0-3
  Version table:
 1.7.0-3 500
500 http://ftp.jp.debian.org/debian bullseye/main amd64 Packages
hunspell-en-us:
  Installed: 1:2019.10.06-1
  Candidate: 1:2019.10.06-1
  Version table:
 *** 1:2019.10.06-1 500
500 http://ftp.jp.debian.org/debian bullseye/main amd64 Packages
500 http://ftp.jp.debian.org/debian bullseye/main i386 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

which mean, I can just check hunspell-en-us package but on 
https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/hunspell-en-us and 
https://packages.debian.org/search?searchon=sourcenames=hunspell-en-us 
it said version 20070829-* but I have 1:2019.10.06-1 installed. Not sure 
why it look like this.


Anyway, I still can see the code dump on 
https://sources.debian.org/src/hunspell-en-us/20070829-7/ (it would be 
nice, if I can see it on salsa), and I am right. It quite simple to 
package and upstream source only need aff and dic file. I see a light 
for packaging part.


It only, I don't see how should I generate this file? or It really just 
a plaintext and no need a tool to generate it.


To be honest, I might be lost interest if I am clueless to much, but I 
posted here hoping to get some information and maybe useful for someone 
like me who have same purpose.


--
Robbi Nespu 
D311 B5FF EEE6 0BE8 9C91 FA9E 0C81 FA30 3B3A 80BA
https://robbinespu.gitlab.io | https://mstdn.social/@robbinespu

Re: question regarding post-installed packages

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Ma, 22 iun 21, 10:57:39, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> On Tue, Jun 22, 2021 at 05:44:50PM +0300, Andrei POPESCU wrote:
> > On Ma, 22 iun 21, 15:30:35, Christian wrote:
> > > 
> > > /comm -23 <(apt-mark showmanual | sort -u) <(gzip -dc
> > > /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -n 's/^Package: //p' | sort 
> > > -u)/
> > 
> > It's unclear what exactly '/comm -23' is supposed to be and it seems 
> > your mail program messed with line breaks.

Mistery solved by looking at the html part (the '/' are meant to denote 
italic), the correct command is:

comm -23 <(apt-mark showmanual | sort -u) <(gzip -dc 
/var/log/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -n 's/^Package: //p' | sort -u)


> > Also, guessing from the command, this is supposed to be run under 
> > fish (the shell). The default shell in Debian is bash, which needs 
> > slightly different syntax for what you want to do.
> 
> It looks like a bash command, if you make the following changes:
> 
> 1) Join the two lines into one.
> 2) Remove leading / and trailing / characters.

Command substitution without '$'? I must be missing something and would 
appreciate a pointer.

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: question regarding post-installed packages

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Ma, 22 iun 21, 11:25:00, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> On Tue, Jun 22, 2021 at 05:08:35PM +0200, Christian wrote:
> > Hi Andrei,
> > 
> > thanks a lot for your reply. 
> > 
> > > It's unclear what exactly '/comm -23' is supposed to be
> > 
> > Well, from the man pages (man comm) :
> > 
> > /comm [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2//
> 
> Your mail user agent (or your editor) appears to be adding forward slash
> characters to lines, perhaps to represent "this is terminal input/output",
> or "use a fixed-width font", or something similar.
> 
> These slash characters are causing some confusion.
> 
> > //
> > //DESCRIPTION//
> > //   Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
> 
> They're a bit messy.  It takes some guesswork to extract the valid shell
> command from inside the slashed-up text, especially when the number of
> slashes added per line is variable.
 
It seems to be due to this particular mail client's attempt to generate 
a plain text version of a message originally composed as html.

Christian, please post only in plain text to debian-user, especially 
when copy-pasting shell commands (or output).

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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[OT] Error 403 Forbidden openresty...

[Walter Omar Dari]

Hola gente:

Tengo mi página alojada en un servidor inglés: http://swcomputacion.com/

Desde hace un tiempo cada vez en más equipos da el error "403 Forbidden 
openresty" y no se a que se debe.


Las cosas que hice para tratar de arreglarlo hasta ahora son:

- eliminar el archivo .htaccess: sigue dando el error, así que lo repuse.
- cambiar los permisos de los directorios a 777 y los archivos a 777: 
continúa el error, los dejé con 755 y 644 respectivamente.
- intenté ingresar con el navegador Tor: no dio resultados, sigue dando 
el error.


Se puede probar algo más antes de hablar con la empresa que me aloja la 
página ?


Gracias y saludos,
--

Walter O. Dari

http://swcomputacion.com/
http://swcomputacion.com/sistemas/
https://facebook.com/swcomputacion/
https://facebook.com/sistemasSW/

Nuestros horarios:
L a V 8 a 13 hs.
S 11 a 14 hs.

WhatsApp:
2396 577140 (no se atienden llamadas)

Re: A feasible method to add examples to man pages?

[Stefan Monnier]

> That's what I get for blindly copying and pasting the "directions" from
> Github. I should've have just told Monnier that the whole shebang
> can be installed locally, which renders inoperative his nitpick about
> not having the Net when he needs to cheat the most (or most often).

The difference is that the manpages get installed automatically along
with the software, so they're always there, always uptodate, without me
having to think about it beforehand, without having to choose where to
install them, nor remember where I installed them.

Don't get me wrong: all it means is that I think we want to keep *some*
examples in the manpages.  IOW, I was just pointing out that the main
benefit of manpages is that they're local and work in almost all
situations.  They don't need to contain all the info you'll ever want to
know, but I usually welcome a few examples in there ;-)


Stefan

Re: Gmail's special approach to Email [was: Re: Messed up Email] (SOLVED)

[Gary L. Roach]

Thank all of you for your replies,

Andrei's missive below was the fix I needed. After unsubscribing 
"All-Mail" and one other folder, I restarted Thunderbird and my problem 
disappeared. All my mail now passes through my InBox and is processed by 
my local filters. Just what I wanted.


Gary R.

On 6/22/21 1:48 AM, Andrei POPESCU wrote:

On Lu, 21 iun 21, 16:22:42, Gary L. Roach wrote:

For some years, I have been using Thunderbird on Debian with no problems.
Over a year ago I switched to gmail.com (Imap server) for my mail server.
Everything went fine until about 6 months ago . All of a sudden I had an
All-Mail folder that wasn't there before.

It most certainly was there, but maybe your Thunderbird wasn't showing
it (i.e. 'subscribed').


Since then all of my Emails are
bypassing my InBox and my filters. I decided to sort out the All-Mail by
creating a new set of filters and running them on the All-Mail box. I
completely cleaned out all 4000 or so Emails.

It's not clear, but it seems you are referring to *local* filters (Gmail 
https://www.google.com/
has it's own filtering facility). E.g. I have a rule to archive and mark
as read all messages that are To or Cc debian-user (but not from other
Debian lists), so I don't ever see the message in my Gmail Inbox if you
ever Cc: me on debian-user ;)


As soon as I restarted
Thunderbird all of the old Emails were downloaded from the web and re-filled
the All-Mail box. Nothing in the InBox. In addition, I now have 
multiplehttps://www.google.com/
copies of the same messages in all of my local folders. In short I have a
real mess on my hands. I have seen various solutions on the web but none
seem to work. I also noted that pop servers, unlike imap servers, store all
of the files on the local computer. Could switching to pop solve this
problem? Are there any other solutions? Please help.

POP3 is basically just a simple method to download messages locally and
optionally delete them from the server. As far as I know IMAP4 can do
everything POP3 can, and more. For your particular issue it probably 
https://www.google.com/
won't help at all.


Quick solution for your problem: just 'unsubscribe' from the 'All Mail'
folder and carry on.

Long answer:

1. There is only one copy of each message on Gmail, ever.[1]

2. Messages can have one or more 'Labels', that are exposed as separate
folders via IMAP (or POP if you prefer that).

3. Except for messages in 'Thrash' and 'Spam' every message *also* has
the Label 'All Mail'. It might help to think of it as *the*
storage / archive for *all* your messages that you still want to keep.

4. Consequently the only way to permanently remove messages from
'All Mail' is to delete them (move to 'Trash') or mark them as spam
(move to 'Spam'). Both actions will also remove them from *every* other
Label/IMAP folder.

A side effect of all of the above is that marking a message as read in
one Label/IMAP folder will also mark it as read in every other
Label/IMAP folder it (still) exists, because it's the same message from
Gmail's point of view[2].


[1] This is a long-standing issue for list subscribers that receive list
mail at the same Gmail address they are using for posting.

Gmail just drops the message returning via the list (because there is
already a copy in 'Sent') and they can't tell if the message went
through without checking the archives.

Because of this I just gave up and subscribed a GMX address to the list,
with the added advantage (for me) of classic IMAP support.

[2] This can actually be helpful for big threads cross-posted to two or
more lists you are subscribed to, though in general I prefer to have
separate copies and read/unread state of messages for each list.


Hope this helps,
Andrei

Re: Messed up Email

[Brian]

On Tue 22 Jun 2021 at 20:03:29 +0100, Brad Rogers wrote:

> On Tue, 22 Jun 2021 19:36:33 +0100
> Brian  wrote:
> 
> Hello Brian,
> 
> >It cannot handle email in a way *you* approve of?
> 
> The way google handle electronic communication differs from the way the
> everyone else does it.  Like I said, there's huge overlap, but that
> means there are differences.
> 
> Whether I approve or not is irrelevant.

One lives with what the email provider gives you. I use gmail with
POP3. It has never failed.

I have no real use for the web interface but I can appreciate the
difference, especially after reading Andrei POPESCU:

https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2021/06/msg00525.html

-- 
Brian.

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[David Wright]

On Wed 23 Jun 2021 at 03:13:00 (+0800), Bret Busby wrote:
> On 23/6/21 2:39 am, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > On Wed, Jun 23, 2021 at 02:27:04AM +0800, Bret Busby wrote:
> > > On 23/6/21 1:42 am, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > > > There's nothing in .bashrc which controls the terminal's interpretation
> > > > of color escape sequences.  Or in bash, anywhere.
> > 
> > > Excerpt from .bashrc file:
> > > 
> > > "
> > > 
> > > # set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
> > > # case "$TERM" in
> > > #xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
> > > # esac
> > > 
> > > # uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; 
> > > turned
> > > # off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
> > > # should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
> > > #force_color_prompt=yes
> > 
> > All of that code is just for setting the shell's prompt.  It has nothing
> > to do with how the terminal interprets color codes.
> > 
> 
> Funnily enough, given what you contend, before I commented out the
> colouring in stuff, when running ls -lh, directory names were
> displayed in blue text, and, after I commented out the colouring in
> stuff, running ls -lh, the output was all displayed in black text.

Your "colouring in stuff" included dircolors.

Cheers,
David.

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Greg Wooledge]

On Wed, Jun 23, 2021 at 03:13:00AM +0800, Bret Busby wrote:
> Funnily enough, given what you contend, before I commented out the colouring
> in stuff, when running ls -lh, directory names were displayed in blue text,
> and, after I commented out the colouring in stuff, running ls -lh, the
> output was all displayed in black text.

OK, I made a slightly oversimplified statement.

MOST of the code in that excerpt goes into setting the shell's prompt.
There are also some aliases at the end, one of those being an alias
for ls, setting it up to use --color=auto.

So, the code that you posted affects two things:

1) Bash's shell prompt, which may or may not include color escape
   sequences.

2) Various aliases that change the default behavior of some commands
   (by adding options to what you type), including ls, which may cause
   ls to emit color escape sequences.

In all cases, the behavior of the terminal in response to these color
escape sequences is defined by the terminal itself, and may or may not
be user-configurable.

Nothing in .bashrc affects the terminal's behavior.  Only the terminal's
configuration affects that.

.bashrc controls the behavior of bash, not of the terminal.

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[David Wright]

On Tue 22 Jun 2021 at 08:35:42 (-0500), Richard Owlett wrote:
> On 06/22/2021 08:24 AM, Andrew M.A. Cater wrote:
> > On Tue, Jun 22, 2021 at 08:14:08AM -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> > > I have vision problems.
> > > I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
> > > The program I'm running gives out colored text.
> > > The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
> > > Help please.
> > 
> > What's the program? For some Xterms, the default is to colorize
> 
> It's the local version of cht.sht being discussed elsewhere on this list.
> 
> The structure of the Edit->Profile Preferences suggests I can override
> what ever dumb choices the programmer made.
> 
> I've encountered this with other programs.
> I must have black on white *ONLY* for ALL programs if the output is to
> be legible.

It's probable that all your options will involve some degree of
compromise. AIUI, TERM=xterm-mono foo involves cooperation from the
program foo, which might need the author to be aware of what an xterm
is. For example, mutt loses all its colours with that, but not my
script that starts it up.

You could try running   xterm -cm   which appears to eliminate colours
entirely, but unfortunately you also lose inverse-video, which might
require you to do some tinkering. For example, mutt would require
arrow_cursor setting for navigation.

Even turning down the colour on a monitor suffers where text and
background differ in hue but not luminance. So I don't think you'll
find a silver bullet that fixes every case.

Cheers,
David.

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Bret Busby]

On 23/6/21 2:39 am, Greg Wooledge wrote:

On Wed, Jun 23, 2021 at 02:27:04AM +0800, Bret Busby wrote:

On 23/6/21 1:42 am, Greg Wooledge wrote:

There's nothing in .bashrc which controls the terminal's interpretation
of color escape sequences.  Or in bash, anywhere.



Excerpt from .bashrc file:

"

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
# case "$TERM" in
#xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
# esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes


All of that code is just for setting the shell's prompt.  It has nothing
to do with how the terminal interprets color codes.



Funnily enough, given what you contend, before I commented out the 
colouring in stuff, when running ls -lh, directory names were displayed 
in blue text, and, after I commented out the colouring in stuff, running 
ls -lh, the output was all displayed in black text.


--
Bret Busby
Armadale
West Australia
(UTC+0800)
..

Re: Messed up Email

[Brad Rogers]

On Tue, 22 Jun 2021 19:36:33 +0100
Brian  wrote:

Hello Brian,

>It cannot handle email in a way *you* approve of?

The way google handle electronic communication differs from the way the
everyone else does it.  Like I said, there's huge overlap, but that
means there are differences.

Whether I approve or not is irrelevant.

-- 
 Regards  _
 / )   "The blindingly obvious is
/ _)radnever immediately apparent"
Where the grass is green and the girls are pretty
Paradise City - Guns 'N' Roses


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Re: Messed up Email

[Brian]

On Tue 22 Jun 2021 at 19:44:30 +0100, Tixy wrote:

> On Tue, 2021-06-22 at 19:36 +0100, Brian wrote:
> > On Tue 22 Jun 2021 at 10:44:55 +0100, Brad Rogers wrote:
> [...]
> > All that google offer is for THEIR benefit, not yours.
> > 
> > Continuing nonsense.
> > 
> 
> No it's not. A commercial company isn't going to do anything altruistic
> for our benefit, they do whatever benefit's their bottom line in the
> long run.

A company's principal concern is that of its shareholders. Otherwise,it
ceases to exist.

That does not imply that altruism or self-interst does not play a part
in its activities.

-- 
Brian.

Re: Messed up Email

[Tixy]

On Tue, 2021-06-22 at 19:36 +0100, Brian wrote:
> On Tue 22 Jun 2021 at 10:44:55 +0100, Brad Rogers wrote:
[...]
> All that google offer is for THEIR benefit, not yours.
> 
> Continuing nonsense.
> 

No it's not. A commercial company isn't going to do anything altruistic
for our benefit, they do whatever benefit's their bottom line in the
long run.

-- 
Tixy

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Richmond]

Peter Ehlert wrote:
>
> On 6/22/21 9:17 AM, Richmond wrote:
>> Richard Owlett wrote:
>>> I have vision problems.
>>> I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
>>> The program I'm running gives out colored text.
>>> The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
>>> Help please.
>>>
>>>
>> On the menu bar of mate-terminal, select Edit -> Profile Preferences ->
>> Colours
>>
>> Uncheck the box that says 'Use colours from system theme'. Select Built
>> In Scheme Black on White from the drop down list.
>
> The controls are there, but not _all_ of the Text is black.
>
> I tested in Bullseye and Buster.
>
> Richard Owlett perhaps you should file a bug report
>
Ok but I don't think it is a bug. The preferences dialogue has a note
saying that all the colours the custom colour palette are available to
terminal applications. So I think amending the colour palette as Siard
says might do it.

<20210622182358.77011dfdebeacdacee2c4...@mailbox.org>


>>
>>
>>
>

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Greg Wooledge]

On Wed, Jun 23, 2021 at 02:27:04AM +0800, Bret Busby wrote:
> On 23/6/21 1:42 am, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > There's nothing in .bashrc which controls the terminal's interpretation
> > of color escape sequences.  Or in bash, anywhere.

> Excerpt from .bashrc file:
> 
> "
> 
> # set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
> # case "$TERM" in
> #xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
> # esac
> 
> # uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
> # off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
> # should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
> #force_color_prompt=yes

All of that code is just for setting the shell's prompt.  It has nothing
to do with how the terminal interprets color codes.

Re: Messed up Email

[Brian]

On Tue 22 Jun 2021 at 10:44:55 +0100, Brad Rogers wrote:

> In addition to everything everybody else has said, and just to make it
> absolutely clear;
> 
> gmail != email

Nonsense.
 
> or, in words;
> 
> gmail IS NOT email

More nonsense.
 
> There may be vast swathes of overlap, but don't expect google to do
> anything right.

It cannot handle email in a way *you* approve of?

> All that google offer is for THEIR benefit, not yours.

Continuing nonsense.

> -- 
> Two sides to every story

As you say.

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Bret Busby]

On 23/6/21 1:42 am, Greg Wooledge wrote:

On Wed, Jun 23, 2021 at 12:27:17AM +0800, Bret Busby wrote:

And, that also applies, if provision for coloured text is commented out, in
the .bashrc file.


There's nothing in .bashrc which controls the terminal's interpretation
of color escape sequences.  Or in bash, anywhere.

It's entirely between the terminal, and the application which generates
the color sequences.  The shell is not involved.

The closest the shell comes to being involved is if you try to trick the
application into thinking it's on a different kind of terminal, by
changing the TERM variable.  This rarely works out well, except in
very specific circumstances -- the most notable being "I'm ssh-ing to
a system that doesn't know about my terminal type".

As I've already tested today, it sure as hell doesn't work for apt(8).



Excerpt from .bashrc file:

"

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
# case "$TERM" in
#xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
# esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

# if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
#if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
#   # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
#   # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
#   # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
#   color_prompt=yes
 #   else
 # next line commented out by me to prevent colouring of prompt
 #  color_prompt=
#fi
# fi

# if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
  #  PS1='[\D{} \t] 
${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ 
'

#   PS1="\d \t \u@\h:\w$"
# else
   PS1='[\D{} \t] ${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)} `date `\u@\h:\w\$ '
# PS1="\d \t \u@\h:\w$"
# fi
# unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
#PS1="[\D{} \t] \[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: 
`date `\w\a\]$PS1"

PS1="\d \t \u@\h:\w$"
;;
*)
;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
# if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
# test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || 
eval "$(dircolors -b)"

# alias ls='ls --color=auto'
# #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
#alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

#alias grep='grep --color=auto'
 #   alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
#alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
# fi

# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export 
GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'


# some more ls aliases
# alias ll='ls -alF'
# alias la='ls -A'
# alias l='ls -CF'
"

--
Bret Busby
Armadale
West Australia
(UTC+0800)
..

Re: Disappearing shim-signed after failed dist-upgrade

[David Wright]

On Tue 22 Jun 2021 at 08:59:13 (+0100), Gareth Evans wrote:
> A recent dist-upgrade on Buster (in a scripted cron job run at 01:00 daily) 
> failed due to apt-listbugs complaining about the boot-breaking bug in 
> shim-signed, and pinning v1.33 in the process.
> 
> https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=990082

AFAICT it looks as though you were just a victim of bad timing.
I happened to upgrade the point release at Start-Date:
2021-06-19  17:27:11, and my term.log shows:

  Setting up fluidsynth (1.1.11-1+deb10u1) ...
  Setting up shim-helpers-amd64-signed (1+15.4+5~deb10u1) ...
  Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
  Installation finished. No error reported.
  Setting up python-libxml2 (2.9.4+dfsg1-7+deb10u2) ...
  Setting up shim-signed:amd64 (1.36~1+deb10u1+15.4-5~deb10u1) ...
  Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
  Installation finished. No error reported.
  Secure Boot not enabled on this system.
  Processing triggers for mime-support (3.62) ...

By 01:00 next morning, the grave bug stopped your upgrade from
finishing. I guess that's a disadvantage of unattended upgrades:
you don't see the bug reports as they occur. (I download any
updates automatically, which serves as an announcement, but
always upgrade manually.)

> The next (manual) dist-upgrade removed shim-signed v1.33
> 
> $ cat /var/log/apt/history.log
> Start-Date: 2021-06-20  18:33:29
> Commandline: apt-get -y dist-upgrade
> Requested-By: x (1000)
> Upgrade: shim-signed-common:amd64 (1.33+15+1533136590.3beb971-7, 
> 1.36~1+deb10u1+15.4-5~deb10u1)
> Remove: shim-signed:amd64 (1.33+15+1533136590.3beb971-7)
> End-Date: 2021-06-20  18:33:30
> 
> unattended-upgrades (which I had forgotten was installed) upgraded some 
> related packages earlier the same day, but not shim-signed itself:
> 
> $ cat /var/log/apt/history.log
> Start-Date: 2021-06-20  06:26:31
> Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
> Upgrade: shim-helpers-amd64-signed:amd64 (1+15+1533136590.3beb971+7+deb10u1, 
> 1+15.4+5~deb10u1), shim-unsigned:amd64 (15+1533136590.3beb971-7+deb10u1, 
> 15.4-5~deb10u1)
> End-Date: 2021-06-20  06:26:34
> 
> The only references to shim-signed in apt history logs were the initial 
> Buster installation, and the recent removal:
> 
> /var/log/apt$ grep -n "shim-signed:" history.log*
> history.log:209:Remove: shim-signed:amd64 (1.33+15+1533136590.3beb971-7)
> history.log.6:33:Install: [...] shim-signed:amd64 
> (1.33+15+1533136590.3beb971-7) [...]
> 
> 
> As I don't currently use secure boot, I ignored the bug warnings when I 
> reinstalled it and dependencies (the buster-updates version per the email 
> from debian-stable-announce yesterday
> https://lists.debian.org/debian-stable-announce/2021/06/msg1.html

AIUI that's the correct thing to do in our situation. (It's an upgrade
rather than a reinstall: my new shim-signed{,-common} debs arrived at
noon yesterday.)

> ...but still:
> 
> $ apt policy shim-signed
> shim-signed:
>   Installed: 1.36~1+deb10u2+15.4-5~deb10u1
>   Candidate: 1.36~1+deb10u2+15.4-5~deb10u1
> 
> $ apt-listbugs list shim-signed
> Retrieving bug reports... Done
> Parsing Found/Fixed information... Done
> grave bugs of shim-signed (→ ) 
>  b1 - #990082 - High chance of boot problems with buster's version of arm64 
> shim
> grave bugs of shim-signed (→ ) 
>  b2 - #987991 - shim-signed: Recent dbx update blacklists shimx64.efi 
> (1.33+15+1533136590.3beb971-7) (Fixed: shim-signed/1.34)
> Summary:
>  shim-signed(2 bugs)
> 
> $ apt-listbugs list shim-signed-common
> critical bugs of shim-signed-common (→ ) 
>  b1 - #990158 - shim-signed-common: No UEFI boot with error "Could not create 
> MokListXRT"
> Summary:
>  shim-signed-common(1 bug)
> 
> Is this referring to the non buster-updates package?

No. But I don't use secure boot, so I haven't been following along
with the shim's problem. (That is the same state of play shown by my system.)

> Can anyone enlighten me as to:
> 
> Why might shim-signed v1.33 have been removed by dist-upgrade despite the 
> previous upgrade attempt having been aborted by apt-listbugs?

$ aptitude why shim-signed
i   grub-efi-amd64Dependsgrub-efi-amd64-bin (= 
2.02+dfsg1-20+deb10u4)
i A grub-efi-amd64-binRecommends grub-efi-amd64-signed  
 
i A grub-efi-amd64-signed Recommends shim-signed
 
$ 

so I have no dependency, only a Recommends. I don't know your option
settings, nor how they (or mine) react to a broken package, but
apt-get *dist-*upgrade certainly has the privilege of removing
packages in order to reach a satisfactory state.

> What's the best way to reinstall an older package version and its old 
> dependencies if affected by something like this, and it isn't to be found in 
> /var/cache/apt/archives?

In this case, you would probably follow Steve's instructions in the
bug report. And in general, you could use the pkg_version_number
options in, say, apt-get to downgrade. (As it says, with care.)

Nice to 

Re: Editar arxius al postinst d'un paquet debian

[Daniel]

Gràcies per les respostes, encara estic llegint els enllaços del Narcís,

No recordo de on vaig agafar la recepte, però els paquets els faig 
directament amb fakeroot dpkg --build  CARPETA, on tinc ja creada la 
estructura del paquet, un directori DEBIAN, amb els conffiles, config, 
control i postinst..., i els etc i usr que corresponguin al paquet. 
Normalment es un script bash o un conjunt de script, que no em cal 
compilar ni fer res especial a banda de configurar usuari, paths Per 
això feia servir el script postinst.


En temps d'instal·lació vull personalitzar les rutes. Si es una variable 
no n'hi ha problema. He trobat la solució amb debconf. El problema es, 
per exemple, editar la llista d'arxius a fer backup. Es una llista 
variable i amb debconf no he trobat la manera. Abans ho solucionava 
directament amb vi /etc/configuracio/llista.conf, però a part de ser una 
mica cafre, no es compatible amb ansible i es aquí on volia trobar la 
manera "elegant" de fer-ho.


Trobo que fer-ho amb makefiles es complicar massa la cosa, però potser 
es la única manera.


Salut i agraït per qualsevol idea,

Daniel

El 22/6/21 a les 14:11, Alex Muntada ha escrit:

Hola, Daniel


Mirant-me una mica més la documentació he començat a fer servir
debconf i els templates  per demanar els paràmetres, però no
trobo cap manera fàcil quan tinc que modificar un arxiu sencer.

Em sembla intuir que el que vols és parametritzar l'execució de
l'script segons l'entorn en què es trobi, però em falta context.
Podries explicar amb més detall el problema que vols resoldre?
No acabo d'entendre per què el postinst hauria de modificar un
fitxer sencer que ja vingui empaquetat.

Amb un exemple senzill d'un dels scripts serà suficient.


Quina es la forma elegant de fer-ho? O alguna guia una mica
avançada de crear paquets debs per scripts (només he trobat per
crear paquets compilats, i les que estan orientades a fer-ho de
manera manual son molt bàsiques)

Si el codi té un Makefile, en general és força senzill fer un
paquet que l'utilitzi per instal·lar el resultat d'executar
«make && make install».

A la wiki https://wiki.debian.org/Packaging/Intro tens un exemple
basat en codi compilat però fer-ho per un script seria encara més
fàcil perquè la part del «make» segurament no haurà de fer res.

Salut,
Alex

--
   ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀
   ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁   Alex Muntada 
   ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋   Debian Developer  log.alexm.org
   ⠈⠳⣄

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Greg Wooledge]

On Wed, Jun 23, 2021 at 12:27:17AM +0800, Bret Busby wrote:
> And, that also applies, if provision for coloured text is commented out, in
> the .bashrc file.

There's nothing in .bashrc which controls the terminal's interpretation
of color escape sequences.  Or in bash, anywhere.

It's entirely between the terminal, and the application which generates
the color sequences.  The shell is not involved.

The closest the shell comes to being involved is if you try to trick the
application into thinking it's on a different kind of terminal, by
changing the TERM variable.  This rarely works out well, except in
very specific circumstances -- the most notable being "I'm ssh-ing to
a system that doesn't know about my terminal type".

As I've already tested today, it sure as hell doesn't work for apt(8).

Re: Postfix: configurer l'email de root

[NoSpam]

Bonsoir

Le 22/06/2021 à 18:21, Olivier a écrit :

Merci à tous pour vos réponses.

Dans /etc/aliases, j'ai:
postmaster:  root
root: f...@exemple.fr 
foo: f...@exemple.fr 


root: foo
foo: f...@exemple.fr



Ensuite:
# newaliases
# service postfix restart

# echo Test1 | mail -s Essai1 foo
# echo Test2 | mail -s Essai2 root

Le test Test1 fonctionne mais pas le test Test2.
Une piste ? Une explication ?


Le mar. 22 juin 2021 à 15:36, didier gaumet > a écrit :


Le mardi 22 juin 2021 à 15:10:03 UTC+2, Frédéric MASSOT a écrit :

> Je me permet de compléter
[...]

Merci à toi :-)

Re: Editar arxius al postinst d'un paquet debian

[Ernest Adrogué]

2021-06-21, 20:04 (+0200); Daniel escriu:
> Quina es la forma elegant de fer-ho? O alguna guia una mica avançada
> de crear paquets debs per scripts (només he trobat per crear paquets
> compilats, i les que estan orientades a fer-ho de manera manual son
> molt bàsiques)

No tinc gaire experiència en això, però jo crec que l'estratègia més
habitual és utilitzar un makefile, tant si és un script com un programa
compilat.  Llavors els scripts que construeixen el paquet Debian
simplement fan make & make install i empaqueten el resultat.  L'únic que
has de fer és crear el fitxer control i changelog, que són els únics
específics per al teu paquet, la resta tenen un contingut genèric i pots
re-ciclar els d'altres paquets.

Et poso un exemple d'un paquet que instal·la un script shell, tot i que
no sé et servirà gaire perquè també compila i instal·la uns mòduls, però
si elimines el directori module/ i els fitxers guile.am,
pre-inst-env.in, i edites el configure.ac per eliminar les referències a
GUILE i als fitxers que has eliminat, hauria de quedar un paquet amb un
simple script: https://github.com/nfdisco/csv2sc

Salutacions.

Re: Postfix: configurer l'email de root

[Frédéric MASSOT]

Le 22/06/2021 à 18:21, Olivier a écrit :

Merci à tous pour vos réponses.

Dans /etc/aliases, j'ai:
postmaster:  root
root: f...@exemple.fr 
foo: f...@exemple.fr 

Ensuite:
# newaliases
# service postfix restart


Tu n'as pas besoin de redémarrer Postfix, il détecte que le fichier a 
été modifié et le recharge.





# echo Test1 | mail -s Essai1 foo
# echo Test2 | mail -s Essai2 root

Le test Test1 fonctionne mais pas le test Test2.
Une piste ? Une explication ?


Il faut que tu regardes dans les logs : /var/log/mail.log




--
==
|  FRÉDÉRIC MASSOT   |
| http://www.juliana-multimedia.com  |
|   mailto:frede...@juliana-multimedia.com   |
| +33.(0)2.97.54.77.94  +33.(0)6.67.19.95.69 |
===Debian=GNU/Linux===

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Bret Busby]

On 23/6/21 12:17 am, Richmond wrote:

Richard Owlett wrote:

I have vision problems.
I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
The program I'm running gives out colored text.
The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
Help please.



On the menu bar of mate-terminal, select Edit -> Profile Preferences ->
Colours

Uncheck the box that says 'Use colours from system theme'. Select Built
In Scheme Black on White from the drop down list.




Except, that does not stop colours from being displayed; for example, 
warnings are displayed in yellow text (on white background).


And, that also applies, if provision for coloured text is commented out, 
in the .bashrc file.


--
Bret Busby
Armadale
West Australia
(UTC+0800)
..

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Bret Busby]

On 22/6/21 11:34 pm, David Wright wrote:




Wouldn't it be nice if there were a debian-mate list.

Oh, look, there it is!

https://lists.debian.org/debian-mate/

Cheers,
David.



In viewing the published list archive for that list, all of the messages 
this year, appear to be announce messages from developers, with no 
support component for users.


Just an observation.

--
Bret Busby
Armadale
West Australia
(UTC+0800)
..

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Peter Ehlert]

On 6/22/21 9:17 AM, Richmond wrote:

Richard Owlett wrote:

I have vision problems.
I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
The program I'm running gives out colored text.
The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
Help please.



On the menu bar of mate-terminal, select Edit -> Profile Preferences ->
Colours

Uncheck the box that says 'Use colours from system theme'. Select Built
In Scheme Black on White from the drop down list.


The controls are there, but not _all_ of the Text is black.

I tested in Bullseye and Buster.

Richard Owlett perhaps you should file a bug report

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Siard]

On Tue, 22 Jun 2021 17:32:55, Andrei POPESCU wrote:
> On Ma, 22 iun 21, 08:14:08, Richard Owlett wrote:
> > I have vision problems.
> > I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
> > The program I'm running gives out colored text.
> > The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
> > Help please.
> 
> This has already been addressed before: you must change the color scheme 
> in the setting for MATE Terminal, to have it use black/dark gray/etc. as 
> needed for everything related to text.
> 
> The exact steps are different for each terminal emulator and I don't 
> have MATE Terminal installed here.

Well, I have. In the MATE Terminal settings (Edit > Profile Preferences),
tab 'Colors', under 'Palette', set 'Built-in schemes' to 'Custom' and
change every color in the color palette to black.

Here is a screenshot:
https://i.postimg.cc/2yv17y3Y/mateterminalcolors.png

Re: Postfix: configurer l'email de root

[Olivier]

Merci à tous pour vos réponses.

Dans /etc/aliases, j'ai:
postmaster:  root
root:f...@exemple.fr
foo: f...@exemple.fr

Ensuite:
# newaliases
# service postfix restart

# echo Test1 | mail -s Essai1 foo
# echo Test2 | mail -s Essai2 root

Le test Test1 fonctionne mais pas le test Test2.
Une piste ? Une explication ?


Le mar. 22 juin 2021 à 15:36, didier gaumet  a
écrit :

> Le mardi 22 juin 2021 à 15:10:03 UTC+2, Frédéric MASSOT a écrit :
>
> > Je me permet de compléter
> [...]
>
> Merci à toi :-)
>
>

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Richmond]

Richard Owlett wrote:
> I have vision problems.
> I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
> The program I'm running gives out colored text.
> The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
> Help please.
>
>
On the menu bar of mate-terminal, select Edit -> Profile Preferences ->
Colours

Uncheck the box that says 'Use colours from system theme'. Select Built
In Scheme Black on White from the drop down list.

Re: A feasible method to add examples to man pages?

[Brian]

On Tue 22 Jun 2021 at 05:54:19 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:

> On 06/22/2021 02:21 AM, Curt wrote:
> > On 2021-06-22, Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> > > On Mon, Jun 21, 2021 at 11:50:22PM +0100, Brian wrote:
> > > > On Mon 21 Jun 2021 at 15:25:53 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> > > > 
> > > > > On 06/21/2021 02:36 PM, Curt wrote:
> > > > > >curl https://cht.sh/:cht.sh > ~/bin/cht.sh
>  ^
>  |
>  +-- I don't understand that use of :

A search with "url with colon" is suggested. Conclusions are welcomed.
It hasn't anything to do with curl.

-- 
Brian.

Re: Problem with Grub

[David Wright]

On Sat 19 Jun 2021 at 14:51:53 (-0400), Felix Miata wrote:
> William Lee Valentine composed on 2021-06-19 10:19 (UTC-0600):
> 
> > I had installed a back version of Debian in a partition on a
> > 500-megahertz computer that was otherwise running Windows 2000 and
> > MS-DOS.
> 
> > When I had finished installing Linux, on that machine, Grub wanted to
> > know whether I wanted it installed in the master boot record. It
> > reported seeing Windows 2000 and MS-DOS in other bootable partitions. I
> > agreed. Grub has allowed me to boot any of the three of these when the
> > BIOS has executed.
> 
> > I later installed Debian 10.2 in a partition on a 64-bit computer that
> > was otherwise running Windows 10.
> 
> > When I had finished installing Linux, Grub wanted to know whether I
> > wanted it installed on the master boot record. It reported seeing
> > "Windows Vista" in another bootable partition. I agreed. This time,
> > however, Grub modified the master boot record to allow only Linux to be
> > booted. I had to pay to have Windows 10 reinstalled.
>   
> As already mentioned, you needn't have paid. Two unrelated things were likely 
> to
> have caused this to happen. Vista and or Win10 could have been installed in 
> MBR
> mode, which is compatible with having Grub on the MBR, but the failure could 
> have
> been that os-prober was either not installed or not configured to include any 
> menu
> option for Windows.

Would I be right in assuming that you could still manually boot
Windows at this point by using Grub's command line, along the
following lines:

GRUB> insmod fat
GRUB> set root=(hd0,gpt1)
GRUB> chainloader (${root})/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
GRUB> boot

(That's the sequence I used when I had to do this myself, and
I originally navigated my way there by means of Grub's TAB
command-completion.)

> The other likely failure mode could have been that either Windows could have 
> been
> installed in UEFI mode, while Debian was installed in legacy (MBR) mode. All
> installed operating systems on UEFI PCs need to be installed in the same mode 
> to
> permit Grub to be able to boot all of them.

Presumably if they had managed to install Debian/BIOS on a
Windows/UEFI computer, then they ought to be able to switch between
these modes at will. That's how I installed Debian on a machine where
my wife still needed to be able to boot Windows. (No chance of being
permitted to alter the booting scheme while that need remained.)

> > I tried1 again, this time avoiding the master boot record entirely. I
> > asked that Grub install itself on a 3.5" diskette (in a USB floppy
> > drive). It did not. It installed itself instead on the master boot
> > record, again allowing only Linux to be booted. Again I had to pay to
> > have Windows 10 reinstalled.
> 
> > I have now another 64-bit computer, running Windows 10, whose BIOS
> > provides the option of booting from a USB device. If I install Debian
> > 10.2 in a partition on this computer, would I tell Grub to make the
> > partition bootable? Would Grub instead install itself on the master boot
> > record anyway, allowing only Linux to be booted? I can not afford to
> > lose access to Windows 10 again.
>   
> Newer PCs that come with Windows already installed usually have it installed 
> in
> UEFI mode. That eliminates any relevance of the MBR to the boot process. If 
> you
> boot the Debian installation media in UEFI mode, then it will install in UEFI
> mode. If the installation fails to include os-prober and include a menu 
> option for
> Windows, it can be added at any later time. Windows itself need not be 
> touched,
> though it needs special configuration (disable fast boot) in order to permit
> Debian to be able to access files on Windows filesystems.
> 
> I recommend having Debian reuse (use it without reformatting it) the ESP 
> partition
> that UEFI Windows uses for booting, rather than creating a separate ESP 
> partition
> used only for Debian. The seemingly small size of the Windows ESP is a 
> non-issue
> in most cases (boot disk smaller than 16TB). Usually it is 100MB, which is 
> plenty
> for Debian times 10 or 20 separate installations.
> 
> It's usually necessary or at least desirable on a Windows 10 intended PC to 
> change
> a BIOS setting intended to inhibit booting from any operating system other 
> than
> Windows. Change it from Windows to Other.

Cheers,
David.

Re: ifconfig stats ??? Wrong behavior OR BUG ?

[David Wright]

On Fri 11 Jun 2021 at 14:01:02 (+), Kanto Andria wrote:

> First post here on this lists. I know about the the IP set of  commands, BUT 
> my concern is about the ifconfig one.I have 2 Debian 10 Buster systems and I 
> have the same behavior - reading the man page did not give the specific 
> options 
> 
>       dada@Jradebian:~$ sudo ifconfig enp0s31f6
> 
> So the main question: Why the stats did not generate error like no such 
> options ? Why the IP is reset to a public IP here belonging to OVH?

Others have answered the technical issues.

If you just want to run ifconfig because its output pleases the eye
(perfectly reasonable if you been using it for years), you can just
run it as a user, not root. Type, say,

$ /sbin/ifconfig -a

to display all interfaces. That way, you shouldn't be able to disturb
your networking by reconfiguring it accidentally.

If you *want* to configure it, use ip instead. Most people will not be
willing to help with ifconfig any more. It's obsolescent, and doesn't
handle a lot of modern configuration options.

Cheers,
David.

Re: Hi there, test only, please ignore

[David Wright]

On Mon 21 Jun 2021 at 15:39:24 (-0400), Polyna-Maude Racicot-Summerside wrote:
> On 2021-06-21 3:31 p.m., David Wright wrote:
> > On Thu 17 Jun 2021 at 09:54:44 (-0700), James H. H. Lampert wrote:
> >> On 6/17/21 1:25 AM, Grzesiek wrote:
> >>> test
> >>
> >> I got your test message. As it happens, we just went live with DMARC,
> >> and have reason to do some testing ourselves.
> > 
> > I need to do some testing too. For 10 months I haven't been able to
> > submit via my email hosting server, and since Saturday I can't submit
> > via my ISP. Just this email list.
> > 
> Only this list sends me a huge amount of error regarding DMARC but no
> other email server does !

Well /my/ problem with debian-user is that when my hosting service's
outgoing server connects, debian immediately initiates making an email
connection in the reverse direction. For one reason of another, that
fails, so the post is rejected. Of course, I don't find out about it
for several days. That started happening last August.

So I switched to using my ISP for submission. Then in May, they
changed their policy so that the envelope sender had to match their
email servers (which I don't use). I made that change, which worked
until Saturday morning, when emails to debian-user were rejected for
a Sender's Domain problem, only — err: (1) the domain is their own,
and (2) I could post to a different list using exactly the same
authentication methods.

So the test mail I sent was actually to get some debuglevel 5 output
from mutt to send to my ISP, contrasting debian-user with the list
that worked. I'm guessing I wasn't alone, and Monday morning's shift
corrected a Friday evening cockup after someone had reported it.

Cheers,
David.

Re: debian installation issue

[David Wright]

On Fri 11 Jun 2021 at 16:57:35 (-0400), Felix Miata wrote:
> Greg Wooledge composed on 2021-06-11 15:07 (UTC-0400):
> > On Fri, Jun 11, 2021 at 09:38:37PM +0300, Semih Ozlem wrote:
> 
> >> How to check where grub is installed? And what is a friendly guide to
> >> learning about grub?
> 
> > GRUB should be installed on the *disk* (not on a partition) that you
> > intend to boot. 
> Not to detract from the wisdom of the rest of Greg's excellent reply, but TBC,
> this statement is religion at one extreme, opinion at the other, not fact. 
> Note he
> wisely did not say "must", but "should". For most traditional (BIOS/MBR; 
> designed
> for "Windows" PCs) configurations, it's probably prudent to put the 
> bootloader on
> the "disk". For pure Debian installations, as opposed to multiboot, whether 
> or not
> to install it on the "disk" really doesn't matter.
> 
> OTOH, putting a bootloader on the MBR of a disk on a PC designed for Windows 
> is a
> relative newcomer to the world of booting such a PC. I've been installing
> operating systems on IBM-compatible PCs for more than 3 decades. Not once 
> have I
> intentionally installed Grub on an MBR. In the dearth of instances where it 
> did
> happen I wiped whatever caused it, and started over with
> DOS/OS2/Windows/Linux-compatible MBR code on the MBR. IOW, Grub can live 
> elsewhere
> than on the MBR.

Can you elaborate on what your "DOS/OS2/Windows/Linux-compatible MBR
code" is, what functionality you get, and where you obtain it.
Are there OSes that would install it themselves to a new blank disk?

> A less innocuous error is not clearly qualifying the quoted statement to apply
> only to non-UEFI boot environments, which usually means an MBR-partitioned 
> boot
> disk. On a UEFI installation, which requires GPT partitioning, the first 
> sector
> normally contains nothing until near its end, where a disk identifier and the
> start of the disk's multi-sector partition table begin. No executable code is
> required on this sector.
> 
> With a UEFI "BIOS", the boot process begins rather differently than on an 
> MBR-only
> system. On a UEFI system's ESP (Extensible Firmware Interface System 
> Partition; a
> quasi-"boot" partition), there are no files containing the string "grub" in 
> their
> name.

# ls -GlgR /boot/efi/
/boot/efi/:
total 4
drwx-- 4 4096 Apr  3  2020 EFI

/boot/efi/EFI:
total 8
drwx-- 2 4096 Apr  3  2020 BOOT
drwx-- 2 4096 Apr  3  2020 debian

/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT:
total 3988
-rwx-- 1 1322936 Mar  2 16:23 BOOTX64.EFI
-rwx-- 1 1206824 Mar  2 16:23 fbx64.efi
-rwx-- 1 1549696 Mar  2 16:23 grubx64.efi

/boot/efi/EFI/debian:
total 5228
-rwx-- 1 108 Mar  2 16:23 BOOTX64.CSV
-rwx-- 1 1206824 Mar  2 16:23 fbx64.efi
-rwx-- 1 126 Mar  2 16:23 grub.cfg
-rwx-- 1 1549696 Mar  2 16:23 grubx64.efi
-rwx-- 1 1261192 Mar  2 16:23 mmx64.efi
-rwx-- 1 1322936 Mar  2 16:23 shimx64.efi
# 

Whatever grubx64.efi is, it's copied from grub-efi-amd64-signed, aka
grub-efi-amd64-signed_1+2.02+dfsg1+20+deb10u4_amd64.deb currently.

> Thus it seems to be a debatable issue whether "bootloader" is actually an
> appropriate name for Grub 2, as its primary purpose seems to be presenting a 
> menu
> from which to select what kernel, initrd (if any), and kernel command line
> parameters (if any) to load into RAM to /continue/ the boot process initiated 
> by
> the UEFI firmware.

I'm not quite following your point. Are you saying that the ~250 Grub
modules are just a waste of space, and that the while boot process is
carried out by the EFI firmware?

Cheers,
David.

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[David Wright]

On Tue 22 Jun 2021 at 17:32:55 (+0300), Andrei POPESCU wrote:
> On Ma, 22 iun 21, 08:14:08, Richard Owlett wrote:
> > I have vision problems.
> > I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
> > The program I'm running gives out colored text.
> > The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
> > Help please.
> 
> This has already been addressed before: you must change the color scheme 
> in the setting for MATE Terminal, to have it use black/dark gray/etc. as 
> needed for everything related to text.

At the end of May, IIRC

> The exact steps are different for each terminal emulator and I don't 
> have MATE Terminal installed here.

Wouldn't it be nice if there were a debian-mate list.

Oh, look, there it is!

https://lists.debian.org/debian-mate/

Cheers,
David.

Re: question regarding post-installed packages

[Greg Wooledge]

On Tue, Jun 22, 2021 at 05:08:35PM +0200, Christian wrote:
> Hi Andrei,
> 
> thanks a lot for your reply. 
> 
> > It's unclear what exactly '/comm -23' is supposed to be
> 
> Well, from the man pages (man comm) :
> 
> /comm [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2//

Your mail user agent (or your editor) appears to be adding forward slash
characters to lines, perhaps to represent "this is terminal input/output",
or "use a fixed-width font", or something similar.

These slash characters are causing some confusion.

> //
> //DESCRIPTION//
> //   Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.

They're a bit messy.  It takes some guesswork to extract the valid shell
command from inside the slashed-up text, especially when the number of
slashes added per line is variable.

Re: Messed up Email

[mick crane]

On 2021-06-22 15:42, Joe wrote:

On Tue, 22 Jun 2021 07:17:56 -0400
Gene Heskett  wrote:



Doesn't your ISP provide an email server? In my neck of the woods,
its part of the services an ISP provides for a basic 10 megabaud
connection.



It's getting less common in the UK, mostly it comes only with web
hosting. Where it is offered by the ISP, it is usually outsourced.

BT, the national telecoms provider, has always outsourced its email,
even for business customers. About twenty years ago, the advice for
their business customers who wanted email was 'get free Yahoo 
accounts'.

Yes, really.

Then they started providing email, outsourcing to Yahoo. Now they use
Microsoft, as almost everyone seems to do, either as webmail or as a
virtual Exchange.


Sky use Yahoo Mail. Every now and again email addresses I've register 
with them are blocked from sending until I login to Yahoo Mail and click 
"I want to use these alternate addresses" whereupon it says "There was 
an Error" and everything works until the next time.

--
Key ID4BFEBB31

Re: question regarding post-installed packages

[Christian]

Hi Andrei,

thanks a lot for your reply. 

> It's unclear what exactly '/comm -23' is supposed to be

Well, from the man pages (man comm) :

/comm [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2//
//
//DESCRIPTION//
//   Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.

  -1 suppress column 1 (lines unique to FILE1)

   -2 suppress column 2 (lines unique to FILE2)
/
So I think the comm-command should be for comparison of files.

I´ve always used *bash* for executing the command, so this shouldn´t be 
the problem.


> [initial-status.gz-file] I'm guessing it is created by the Ubuntu 
installer.


Yes, I think so as well. Thanks for confirming that.

> If you show us an example [...]

Sorry, Andrei, I´m not quite sure what you mean by that.

Thanks anyway for your kind help.

All the best.
Rosika


Am 22.06.21 um 16:44 schrieb Andrei POPESCU:

On Ma, 22 iun 21, 15:30:35, Christian wrote:

/comm -23 <(apt-mark showmanual | sort -u) <(gzip -dc
/var/log/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -n 's/^Package: //p' | sort -u)/

It's unclear what exactly '/comm -23' is supposed to be and it seems
your mail program messed with line breaks.

Also, guessing from the command, this is supposed to be run under fish
(the shell). The default shell in Debian is bash, which needs slightly
different syntax for what you want to do.

In any case, 'apt-mark showmanual' definitely exists and works in Debian
and is one way to achieve what you need (aptitude is another).

The file /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz doesn't exist on a fairly
recent install of Debian bullseye (soon to be Debian 11). I'm guessing
it is created by the Ubuntu installer.

If you show us an example (attaching it might work, if it's not too big)
we might come up with methods to recreate the information on a fresh
Debian install.

Hope this helps,
Andrei

Re: question regarding post-installed packages

[Greg Wooledge]

On Tue, Jun 22, 2021 at 05:44:50PM +0300, Andrei POPESCU wrote:
> On Ma, 22 iun 21, 15:30:35, Christian wrote:
> > 
> > /comm -23 <(apt-mark showmanual | sort -u) <(gzip -dc
> > /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -n 's/^Package: //p' | sort -u)/
> 
> It's unclear what exactly '/comm -23' is supposed to be and it seems 
> your mail program messed with line breaks.
> 
> Also, guessing from the command, this is supposed to be run under fish 
> (the shell). The default shell in Debian is bash, which needs slightly 
> different syntax for what you want to do.

It looks like a bash command, if you make the following changes:

1) Join the two lines into one.
2) Remove leading / and trailing / characters.

Also, I don't have a /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz file, but I
do have a /var/log/installer/status file, which looks like it contains
what the command is expecting (minus the compression).  So, one might
need to adjust the second process substitution.

Re: question regarding post-installed packages

[Christian]

Dear Hans, 


thanks again for your help.

> if you can see in this file, which packages are postinstalled or 
dependent [...]


Alas that doesn´t seem to be the case.

As an example I post-installed the fish-shell and the respective entry 
simply is:


/fish    install/

, so basically like all the other entries as well.

But your suggestion of making two files - one after the initial OS setup 
and then another one after having done my post-installs - and then

comparing these two files really makes sense. Thanks for pointing that out.

Thanks also for your personal suggestion referring to a minimal install 
which is very good indeed and seems to be best suited for my purposes.


Your help is highly appreciated; thanks so much again.  

Many greetings
Rosika


Am 22.06.21 um 16:31 schrieb Hans:

Am Dienstag, 22. Juni 2021, 16:17:15 CEST schrieb Christian:
Hi Christian,

I looked not further into te result file. However, if you can see in this
file, which packages are postinstalled or dependent, you can just filter this
file with tools like cat, grep or even sort.

On the other hand, you can make two result files. One at the first
installation, the second one after you installed your packages. After that,
you will see the difference of both.

In fact, my personal suggestion is, just install a minimal system, one as
small as possible. When this is up, install all the tools and packages you
really need. So you will always install only the stuff, you REALLY need,
verything else ist just crap (and may be misused).

Hope this helps either.

Best regards

Hans

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[mick crane]

On 2021-06-22 15:32, mick crane wrote:

On 2021-06-22 14:55, Richard Owlett wrote:

On 06/22/2021 08:47 AM, mick crane wrote:

On 2021-06-22 14:14, Richard Owlett wrote:

I have vision problems.
I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
The program I'm running gives out colored text.
The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
Help please.


Has the monitor got any controls on it ?
mick


Monitor (Gateway FPD1730) has only positioning controls.
But in any case the MATE Terminal option menus imply I should be able
to have what I need.

If it's just a terminal that's probably in ~/.bashrc or something.
If it's vi you can fiddle with .vimrc. I recently changed the colour
scheme but I'm forgetting where exactly because my memory is not very
good once it's done it's task.
mick
PS. If you can't get a monitor to behave like a monochrome one maybe you 
can persuade X that you have one.

--
Key ID4BFEBB31

Re: question regarding post-installed packages

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Ma, 22 iun 21, 15:30:35, Christian wrote:
> 
> /comm -23 <(apt-mark showmanual | sort -u) <(gzip -dc
> /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -n 's/^Package: //p' | sort -u)/

It's unclear what exactly '/comm -23' is supposed to be and it seems 
your mail program messed with line breaks.

Also, guessing from the command, this is supposed to be run under fish 
(the shell). The default shell in Debian is bash, which needs slightly 
different syntax for what you want to do.

In any case, 'apt-mark showmanual' definitely exists and works in Debian 
and is one way to achieve what you need (aptitude is another).

The file /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz doesn't exist on a fairly 
recent install of Debian bullseye (soon to be Debian 11). I'm guessing 
it is created by the Ubuntu installer.

If you show us an example (attaching it might work, if it's not too big) 
we might come up with methods to recreate the information on a fresh 
Debian install.

Hope this helps,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: Messed up Email

[Joe]

On Tue, 22 Jun 2021 07:17:56 -0400
Gene Heskett  wrote:


> Doesn't your ISP provide an email server? In my neck of the woods,
> its part of the services an ISP provides for a basic 10 megabaud
> connection.
> 

It's getting less common in the UK, mostly it comes only with web
hosting. Where it is offered by the ISP, it is usually outsourced.

BT, the national telecoms provider, has always outsourced its email,
even for business customers. About twenty years ago, the advice for
their business customers who wanted email was 'get free Yahoo accounts'.
Yes, really.

Then they started providing email, outsourcing to Yahoo. Now they use
Microsoft, as almost everyone seems to do, either as webmail or as a
virtual Exchange.

-- 
Joe

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[IL Ka]

One more idea: install xterm (``apt install xterm``) and run it with ``-cm``

$ xterm -cm

that means "do not recognize color esc. sequences"

Everything is b there

Re: A feasible method to add examples to man pages?

[Curt]

On 2021-06-22, Richard Owlett  wrote:

> Unfortunately it outputs light gray text on white background which is 
> near impossible for me to read. I Can't figure out how to COERCE MATE 
> Terminal to render everything as black on white. That is a showstopper 
> for me.

Yeah, maybe you're trying to coerce the wrong thingamajig. 
 
 'curl cht.sh/ls?style=bw' 
 
works for me. Then again 'curl cht.sh/ls\?T' works equally well.

Other styles here:

 curl cht.sh/:styles

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Ma, 22 iun 21, 08:14:08, Richard Owlett wrote:
> I have vision problems.
> I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
> The program I'm running gives out colored text.
> The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
> Help please.

This has already been addressed before: you must change the color scheme 
in the setting for MATE Terminal, to have it use black/dark gray/etc. as 
needed for everything related to text.

The exact steps are different for each terminal emulator and I don't 
have MATE Terminal installed here.

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[mick crane]

On 2021-06-22 14:55, Richard Owlett wrote:

On 06/22/2021 08:47 AM, mick crane wrote:

On 2021-06-22 14:14, Richard Owlett wrote:

I have vision problems.
I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
The program I'm running gives out colored text.
The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
Help please.


Has the monitor got any controls on it ?
mick


Monitor (Gateway FPD1730) has only positioning controls.
But in any case the MATE Terminal option menus imply I should be able
to have what I need.

If it's just a terminal that's probably in ~/.bashrc or something.
If it's vi you can fiddle with .vimrc. I recently changed the colour 
scheme but I'm forgetting where exactly because my memory is not very 
good once it's done it's task.

mick
--
Key ID4BFEBB31

Re: question regarding post-installed packages

[Hans]

Am Dienstag, 22. Juni 2021, 16:17:15 CEST schrieb Christian:
Hi Christian,

I looked not further into te result file. However, if you can see in this 
file, which packages are postinstalled or dependent, you can just filter this 
file with tools like cat, grep or even sort.

On the other hand, you can make two result files. One at the first 
installation, the second one after you installed your packages. After that, 
you will see the difference of both.

In fact, my personal suggestion is, just install a minimal system, one as 
small as possible. When this is up, install all the tools and packages you 
really need. So you will always install only the stuff, you REALLY need, 
verything else ist just crap (and may be misused). 

Hope this helps either.

Best regards

Hans


> Hello Hans,
> 
> 
> thanks so much for your very quick reply.
> 
> I just tried out the command you provided and it seems to produce quite
> an extensive list beginning with "acl" and ending with "zlib1g:amd64".
> So it´s basically a list with all the packages which are installed by 
> default plus the packages I installed afterwards.
> 
> I was hoping for a list that provides just my post-installed packages.
> But I assume that in view of the fact that the /i*nitial-status.gz
> */doesn´t seem to exist on Debian there´s no way of achieving this goal.
> 
> Never mind. Your command will certainly be of great assistance when
> setting up a new system.
> 
> Thank you very much for that, Hans.
> 
> Many greetings and keep safe.
> 
> Rosika
> 
> Am 22.06.21 um 15:52 schrieb Hans:
> > Am Dienstag, 22. Juni 2021, 15:30:35 CEST schrieb Christian:
> > Hi,
> > 
> > maybe this is the command you need? From an older doku:
> > -
> > 
> > 3.3.10 Record/copy system configuration
> > 
> > To make a local copy of the package selection states:
> > 
> > $ dpkg --get-selections "*" > myselections
> > 
> >   # or use \*
> > 
> > “*” makes myselections include package entries for “purge” too.
> > 
> > You can transfer this file to another computer, and install it there with:
> > 
> > dselect update
> > dpkg --set-selections  > apt-get -u dselect-upgrade
> > or dselect install
> > --
> > 
> > Hope this helps.
> > 
> > Best
> > 
> > Hans

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Curt]

On 2021-06-22, Greg Wooledge  wrote:
>
> Of course, I have no idea what Richard's actual program is, so here's
> a half-hearted apology for possibly highjacking a thread.  (Note: I'm
> in rxvt-unicode, not MATE terminal.)  (Sorry.)
>

It's cht.sh (in local mode), and he's going about things bass-ackwards.

He wants something like

 cht.sh/ls\?T

or

 cht.sh/ls\?style=bw

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[IL Ka]

>
>
> unicorn:~$ sudo TERM=xterm-mono apt update
>
> Nope.  Not that one either.


Some apps ignore the number of colors from the terminfo.
Their authors believe there are no colorless monitors.

Vim and bash works, however
$ TERM=xterm-mono vim
$ TERM=xterm-mono bash (no color prompt)

Re: A feasible method to add examples to man pages?

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Ma, 22 iun 21, 05:54:19, Richard Owlett wrote:
> 
> If ~/bin needs to be created, will logging out then in _guarantee_ it gets
> added to my path? That doesn't sound normal.

There is no guarantee :)

On buster /etc/skel/.profile includes the following snippets


# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/.local/bin" ] ; then
PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
fi
 
/etc/skel/.profile should be copied to the home directory of every new 
user (at least if created by the installer or with adduser).

Whether your shell and/or login method actually leads to sourcing 
~/.profile is a completely different question and depends on:

 1. Login method (Linux console, ssh, display manager, etc.)
 2. How you start your X session (if applicable and not taken care of by 
 a display manager)
 3. Terminal emulator (if in a graphical environment)
 4. Shell in use and its configuration

> Is there a Debian specific article on when to use which ...\bin directory in
> $PATH and when/how to permanently add an additional directory.

Not that I'm aware of. On the other hand the ~/.local/bin snippet was 
added recently (buster?) and makes sense for those who prefer the XDG 
directories over traditional dotfiles in $HOME.

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: question regarding post-installed packages

[Christian]

Hello Hans,


thanks so much for your very quick reply.

I just tried out the command you provided and it seems to produce quite 
an extensive list beginning with "acl" and ending with "zlib1g:amd64".
So it´s basically a list with all the packages which are installed by  
default plus the packages I installed afterwards.


I was hoping for a list that provides just my post-installed packages.
But I assume that in view of the fact that the /i*nitial-status.gz 
*/doesn´t seem to exist on Debian there´s no way of achieving this goal.


Never mind. Your command will certainly be of great assistance when 
setting up a new system.


Thank you very much for that, Hans.

Many greetings and keep safe.

Rosika


Am 22.06.21 um 15:52 schrieb Hans:

Am Dienstag, 22. Juni 2021, 15:30:35 CEST schrieb Christian:
Hi,

maybe this is the command you need? From an older doku:
-

3.3.10 Record/copy system configuration

To make a local copy of the package selection states:

$ dpkg --get-selections "*" > myselections

  # or use \*

“*” makes myselections include package entries for “purge” too.

You can transfer this file to another computer, and install it there with:

dselect update
dpkg --set-selections 

Re: how to let user access cell phone

[Celejar]

On Mon, 21 Jun 2021 20:47:14 + (UTC)
Long Wind  wrote:

> i use jmtpfs to mount cell phone, only root user can access phone's
> memoryhow to let other user to access it ?Thanks!

Are you invoking jmtpfs as user or root? What mount point are you
using? Please provide more details about exactly how you're invoking it.

Celejar

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Richard Owlett]

On 06/22/2021 08:47 AM, mick crane wrote:

On 2021-06-22 14:14, Richard Owlett wrote:

I have vision problems.
I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
The program I'm running gives out colored text.
The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
Help please.


Has the monitor got any controls on it ?
mick


Monitor (Gateway FPD1730) has only positioning controls.
But in any case the MATE Terminal option menus imply I should be able to 
have what I need.

Re: question regarding post-installed packages

[Hans]

Am Dienstag, 22. Juni 2021, 15:30:35 CEST schrieb Christian:
Hi, 

maybe this is the command you need? From an older doku:
-

3.3.10 Record/copy system configuration

To make a local copy of the package selection states:

$ dpkg --get-selections "*" > myselections

 # or use \*

“*” makes myselections include package entries for “purge” too.

You can transfer this file to another computer, and install it there with:

dselect update
dpkg --set-selections  Hi altogether,
> 
> I'm new to *Debian* and so far I like it very much.
> 
> I´ve some (basic) knowledge regarding Linux-distros but this knowledge
> is based on the fact that I´ve been using Lubuntu (ubuntu derivative)
> for some time now.
> 
> I appreciate there are some differences between Ubuntu and Debian so I
> installed *Debian10 buster* as a VM - in order to gather some experience
> with it.
> 
> Up and until now I seem to be getting along with it just fine and I like
> the fact that it´s really lightweight.
> 
> I´ve got one question though:
> 
> Using (L)Ubuntu I had a certain _command_ at hand which helped me with
> fresh/clean installs.
> 
> Before converting to a new version I entered the following command (on
> the old OS) in the terminal:
> 
> /comm -23 <(apt-mark showmanual | sort -u) <(gzip -dc
> /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -n 's/^Package: //p' | sort -u)/
> 
> This gave me list of all packages which were post-installed after the
> initial setup.
> All I had to do was putting the results of the command in a text file,
> say "*result.txt*".
> 
> The beauty of this command is that it produces the packages (programmes
> that I installed with apt) *without* any dependencies.
> 
> After installing the new system I used the command
> 
> /xargs -a /path-to-result.txt sudo apt-get install/
> 
> and my new system was on the same level as my old one before.
> 
> Trying out that very command in Debian however didn´t work as desired:
> 
> /comm -23 <(apt-mark showmanual | sort -u) <(gzip -dc
> /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -n 's/^Package: //p' | sort -u)//
> //gzip: /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz: No such file or directory//
> //adduser//
> //anydesk//
> //apt//
> //...//
> //zlib1g/
> 
> So there was some output but not the one I was looking for.
> 
> The file "*initial-status.gz*" indeed doesn´t exist in /var/log/installer.
> 
> Here are the contents of /var/log/installer in Debian:
> 
> /rosika2@debian ~> ll /var/log/installer///
> //insgesamt 1,4M//
> //drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4,0K Jun 16 16:59 cdebconf///
> //-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  20K Jun 16 16:59 hardware-summary//
> //-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  160 Jun 16 16:59 lsb-release//
> //-rw--- 1 root root 107K Jun 16 16:59 partman//
> //-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  72K Jun 16 16:59 status//
> //-rw--- 1 root root 1,2M Jun 16 16:59 syslog//
> //-rw--- 1 root root  41K Jun 16 16:59 Xorg.0.log/
> 
> So my question is: Does this file exist at all (possibly using another
> path)?
> Or is there another preferred way of getting info concerning all
> post-installed packages (without their dependencies)?
> 
> Thanks a lot for your help in advance.
> 
> Many greetings.
> Rosika



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Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[mick crane]

On 2021-06-22 14:14, Richard Owlett wrote:

I have vision problems.
I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
The program I'm running gives out colored text.
The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
Help please.


Has the monitor got any controls on it ?
mick
--
Key ID4BFEBB31

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Greg Wooledge]

On Tue, Jun 22, 2021 at 04:21:35PM +0300, IL Ka wrote:
> try
> $ TERM=xterm-mono [your_program]

/me tries

unicorn:~$ TERM=xterm-mono sudo apt update

Nope.  No luck there.

unicorn:~$ sudo TERM=xterm-mono apt update

Nope.  Not that one either.

If Debian's APT team is trying their very, very hardest to make me
never, ever want to use apt(8), they're doing an impressively good job.

Of course, I have no idea what Richard's actual program is, so here's
a half-hearted apology for possibly highjacking a thread.  (Note: I'm
in rxvt-unicode, not MATE terminal.)  (Sorry.)

Re: A feasible method to add examples to man pages?

[Richard Owlett]

On 06/22/2021 07:59 AM, Curt wrote:

On 2021-06-22, Richard Owlett  wrote:


I got multiple warning messages including a missing dependency and
warning that my Python was too old. I'm in process of installing
Debian 10.7 on another machine. I'll try again this afternoon or tomorrow.
Thanks.


Too old is surprising because it uses python 2 by default, but also will
work with python 3 after a tiny, documented modification of the script
("curl cheat.sh/:cht.sh | less" told me all about it). I also read that
1G of local disk space is required. Good luck.





The warning said that Python 3.5 was no longer being supported.
I fortunately have lots of disk room and it apparently runs correctly.

Unfortunately it outputs light gray text on white background which is 
near impossible for me to read. I Can't figure out how to COERCE MATE 
Terminal to render everything as black on white. That is a showstopper 
for me.

question regarding post-installed packages

[Christian]

Hi altogether,

I'm new to *Debian* and so far I like it very much.

I´ve some (basic) knowledge regarding Linux-distros but this knowledge 
is based on the fact that I´ve been using Lubuntu (ubuntu derivative) 
for some time now.


I appreciate there are some differences between Ubuntu and Debian so I 
installed *Debian10 buster* as a VM - in order to gather some experience 
with it.


Up and until now I seem to be getting along with it just fine and I like 
the fact that it´s really lightweight.


I´ve got one question though:

Using (L)Ubuntu I had a certain _command_ at hand which helped me with 
fresh/clean installs.


Before converting to a new version I entered the following command (on 
the old OS) in the terminal:


/comm -23 <(apt-mark showmanual | sort -u) <(gzip -dc 
/var/log/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -n 's/^Package: //p' | sort -u)/


This gave me list of all packages which were post-installed after the 
initial setup.
All I had to do was putting the results of the command in a text file, 
say "*result.txt*".


The beauty of this command is that it produces the packages (programmes 
that I installed with apt) *without* any dependencies.


After installing the new system I used the command

/xargs -a /path-to-result.txt sudo apt-get install/

and my new system was on the same level as my old one before.

Trying out that very command in Debian however didn´t work as desired:

/comm -23 <(apt-mark showmanual | sort -u) <(gzip -dc 
/var/log/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -n 's/^Package: //p' | sort -u)//

//gzip: /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz: No such file or directory//
//adduser//
//anydesk//
//apt//
//...//
//zlib1g/

So there was some output but not the one I was looking for.

The file "*initial-status.gz*" indeed doesn´t exist in /var/log/installer.

Here are the contents of /var/log/installer in Debian:

/rosika2@debian ~> ll /var/log/installer///
//insgesamt 1,4M//
//drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4,0K Jun 16 16:59 cdebconf///
//-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  20K Jun 16 16:59 hardware-summary//
//-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  160 Jun 16 16:59 lsb-release//
//-rw--- 1 root root 107K Jun 16 16:59 partman//
//-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  72K Jun 16 16:59 status//
//-rw--- 1 root root 1,2M Jun 16 16:59 syslog//
//-rw--- 1 root root  41K Jun 16 16:59 Xorg.0.log/

So my question is: Does this file exist at all (possibly using another 
path)?
Or is there another preferred way of getting info concerning all 
post-installed packages (without their dependencies)?


Thanks a lot for your help in advance.

Many greetings.
Rosika

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Richard Owlett]

On 06/22/2021 08:24 AM, Andrew M.A. Cater wrote:

On Tue, Jun 22, 2021 at 08:14:08AM -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:

I have vision problems.
I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
The program I'm running gives out colored text.
The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
Help please.




Richard,

What's the program? For some Xterms, the default is to colorize


It's the local version of cht.sht being discussed elsewhere on this list.

The structure of the Edit->Profile Preferences suggests I can override 
what ever dumb choices the programmer made.


I've encountered this with other programs.
I must have black on white *ONLY* for ALL programs if the output is to 
be legible.





All best,

Andy C.

Re: Postfix: configurer l'email de root

[didier gaumet]

Le mardi 22 juin 2021 à 15:10:03 UTC+2, Frédéric MASSOT a écrit :

> Je me permet de compléter
[...]

Merci à toi :-)

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Richard Owlett]

On 06/22/2021 08:21 AM, IL Ka wrote:

try
$ TERM=xterm-mono [your_program]


didn't work :{





On Tue, Jun 22, 2021 at 4:14 PM Richard Owlett  wrote:


I have vision problems.
I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
The program I'm running gives out colored text.
The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
Help please.

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Andrew M.A. Cater]

On Tue, Jun 22, 2021 at 08:14:08AM -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
> I have vision problems.
> I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
> The program I'm running gives out colored text.
> The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
> Help please.
> 
> 

Richard,

What's the program? For some Xterms, the default is to colorize

All best,

Andy C.

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[IL Ka]

try
$ TERM=xterm-mono [your_program]


On Tue, Jun 22, 2021 at 4:14 PM Richard Owlett  wrote:

> I have vision problems.
> I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
> The program I'm running gives out colored text.
> The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
> Help please.
>
>
>

Re: A feasible method to add examples to man pages?

[Curt]

On 2021-06-22, Richard Owlett  wrote:
>
> I got multiple warning messages including a missing dependency and 
> warning that my Python was too old. I'm in process of installing
> Debian 10.7 on another machine. I'll try again this afternoon or tomorrow.
> Thanks.

Too old is surprising because it uses python 2 by default, but also will
work with python 3 after a tiny, documented modification of the script
("curl cheat.sh/:cht.sh | less" told me all about it). I also read that
1G of local disk space is required. Good luck.

Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Richard Owlett]

I have vision problems.
I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
The program I'm running gives out colored text.
The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
Help please.

Re: Postfix: configurer l'email de root

[Frédéric MASSOT]

Le 22/06/2021 à 13:44, didier gaumet a écrit :

Bonjour,

/etc/aliases répond à ce besoin



Je me permet de compléter, après avoir édité le fichier "/etc/aliases" 
il faut utiliser la commande :


sudo newaliases

pour reconstruire la table utilisée par Postfix

--
==
|  FRÉDÉRIC MASSOT   |
| http://www.juliana-multimedia.com  |
|   mailto:frede...@juliana-multimedia.com   |
| +33.(0)2.97.54.77.94  +33.(0)6.67.19.95.69 |
===Debian=GNU/Linux===

Re: A feasible method to add examples to man pages?

[Richard Owlett]

On 06/22/2021 06:43 AM, Curt wrote:

On 2021-06-22, Richard Owlett  wrote:

On 06/22/2021 02:21 AM, Curt wrote:

On 2021-06-22, Greg Wooledge  wrote:

On Mon, Jun 21, 2021 at 11:50:22PM +0100, Brian wrote:

On Mon 21 Jun 2021 at 15:25:53 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:


On 06/21/2021 02:36 PM, Curt wrote:

curl https://cht.sh/:cht.sh > ~/bin/cht.sh

   ^
   |
   +-- I don't understand that use of :



It's the syntax for "special pages."

Regular usage:

  curl cheat.sh/TOPIC   show cheat sheet on the TOPIC

Special pages:

 :help   help page
 :list   list all cheat sheets
 :post   how to post new cheat sheet
 :cht.sh shell client (cht.sh)

etc.

So curl cheat.sh/:help





I have Debian 9.13 installed
As root I did
   curl https://cht.sh/:cht.sh > /usr/bin/cht.sh
   chmod +x /usr/bin/cht.sh
Then as normal user did
   cht.sh --standalone-install

I got multiple warning messages including a missing dependency and 
warning that my Python was too old. I'm in process of installing

Debian 10.7 on another machine. I'll try again this afternoon or tomorrow.
Thanks.

Re: Editar arxius al postinst d'un paquet debian

[Alex Muntada]

Hola, Daniel

> Mirant-me una mica més la documentació he començat a fer servir
> debconf i els templates  per demanar els paràmetres, però no
> trobo cap manera fàcil quan tinc que modificar un arxiu sencer.

Em sembla intuir que el que vols és parametritzar l'execució de
l'script segons l'entorn en què es trobi, però em falta context.
Podries explicar amb més detall el problema que vols resoldre?
No acabo d'entendre per què el postinst hauria de modificar un
fitxer sencer que ja vingui empaquetat.

Amb un exemple senzill d'un dels scripts serà suficient.

> Quina es la forma elegant de fer-ho? O alguna guia una mica
> avançada de crear paquets debs per scripts (només he trobat per
> crear paquets compilats, i les que estan orientades a fer-ho de
> manera manual son molt bàsiques)

Si el codi té un Makefile, en general és força senzill fer un
paquet que l'utilitzi per instal·lar el resultat d'executar
«make && make install».

A la wiki https://wiki.debian.org/Packaging/Intro tens un exemple
basat en codi compilat però fer-ho per un script seria encara més
fàcil perquè la part del «make» segurament no haurà de fer res.

Salut,
Alex

--
  ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀
  ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁   Alex Muntada 
  ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋   Debian Developer  log.alexm.org
  ⠈⠳⣄



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Re: A feasible method to add examples to man pages?

[Curt]

On 2021-06-22, Richard Owlett  wrote:
> On 06/22/2021 02:21 AM, Curt wrote:
>> On 2021-06-22, Greg Wooledge  wrote:
>>> On Mon, Jun 21, 2021 at 11:50:22PM +0100, Brian wrote:
 On Mon 21 Jun 2021 at 15:25:53 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:

> On 06/21/2021 02:36 PM, Curt wrote:
>>curl https://cht.sh/:cht.sh > ~/bin/cht.sh
>   ^
>   |
>   +-- I don't understand that use of :
>

It's the syntax for "special pages."

Regular usage:

 curl cheat.sh/TOPIC   show cheat sheet on the TOPIC

Special pages:

:help   help page
:list   list all cheat sheets
:post   how to post new cheat sheet
:cht.sh shell client (cht.sh)

etc. 

So curl cheat.sh/:help

Re: Postfix: configurer l'email de root

[didier gaumet]

Bonjour,

/etc/aliases répond à ce besoin

Re: Messed up Email

[Richard Owlett]

On 06/22/2021 06:32 AM, The Wanderer wrote:

On 2021-06-22 at 07:17, Gene Heskett wrote:


On Tuesday 22 June 2021 07:02:25 Richard Owlett wrote:


On 06/22/2021 04:44 AM, Brad Rogers wrote:


In addition to everything everybody else has said, and just to
make it absolutely clear;

gmail != email

or, in words;

gmail IS NOT email


There may be vast swathes of overlap, but don't expect google to
do anything right.

All that google offer is for THEIR benefit, not yours.


One reason I pay a local supplier for email service -- effectively
it is cheaper than any so called "free service".


Doesn't your ISP provide an email server? In my neck of the woods,
its part of the services an ISP provides for a basic 10 megabaud
connection.


Using ISP-provided E-mail comes with the downside of being tied to that ISP.


That was part of why I did not pursue it. My ISP is a large national 
provider. I email provider is ~5 miles away and I have purchased 
hardware and software there for 3 decades -- means excellent service.




I used to get an E-mail account through the family's ISP (and in fact I
still have that mailbox configured in Thunderbird, just for access to
the archived local mail stored underneath it), but when we changed ISPs,
I lost access to that account and had to go through a bunch of hoops to
transition to a new address. At that point, I decided it wasn't worth
doing that transition to the address provided by the new ISP, because
what if we changed again in the future?

That's the point at which I searched out, settled on, and signed up with
a third-party standalone-service E-mail provider - in the form of
Fastmail. It's paid off; I've never had cause to regret working with
them, and we've changed ISPs at least once (possibly as much as three
times) in the meanwhile.

Re: Messed up Email

[The Wanderer]

On 2021-06-22 at 07:17, Gene Heskett wrote:

> On Tuesday 22 June 2021 07:02:25 Richard Owlett wrote:
> 
>> On 06/22/2021 04:44 AM, Brad Rogers wrote:
>> 
>>> In addition to everything everybody else has said, and just to
>>> make it absolutely clear;
>>> 
>>> gmail != email
>>> 
>>> or, in words;
>>> 
>>> gmail IS NOT email
>>> 
>>> 
>>> There may be vast swathes of overlap, but don't expect google to
>>> do anything right.
>>> 
>>> All that google offer is for THEIR benefit, not yours.
>> 
>> One reason I pay a local supplier for email service -- effectively
>> it is cheaper than any so called "free service".
> 
> Doesn't your ISP provide an email server? In my neck of the woods,
> its part of the services an ISP provides for a basic 10 megabaud
> connection.

Using ISP-provided E-mail comes with the downside of being tied to that ISP.

I used to get an E-mail account through the family's ISP (and in fact I
still have that mailbox configured in Thunderbird, just for access to
the archived local mail stored underneath it), but when we changed ISPs,
I lost access to that account and had to go through a bunch of hoops to
transition to a new address. At that point, I decided it wasn't worth
doing that transition to the address provided by the new ISP, because
what if we changed again in the future?

That's the point at which I searched out, settled on, and signed up with
a third-party standalone-service E-mail provider - in the form of
Fastmail. It's paid off; I've never had cause to regret working with
them, and we've changed ISPs at least once (possibly as much as three
times) in the meanwhile.

-- 
   The Wanderer

The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one
persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all
progress depends on the unreasonable man. -- George Bernard Shaw



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Re: Messed up Email

[Gene Heskett]

On Tuesday 22 June 2021 07:02:25 Richard Owlett wrote:

> On 06/22/2021 04:44 AM, Brad Rogers wrote:
> > In addition to everything everybody else has said, and just to make
> > it absolutely clear;
> >
> > gmail != email
> >
> > or, in words;
> >
> > gmail IS NOT email
> >
> >
> > There may be vast swathes of overlap, but don't expect google to do
> > anything right.
> >
> > All that google offer is for THEIR benefit, not yours.
>
> One reason I pay a local supplier for email service -- effectively it
> is cheaper than any so called "free service".

Doesn't your ISP provide an email server? In my neck of the woods, its 
part of the services an ISP provides for a basic 10 megabaud connection.

Cheers, Gene Heskett
-- 
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis
Genes Web page 

Re: [OT] openPGP: keeping primary key offline?

[Teemu Likonen]

* 2021-06-22 10:46:58+0200, Marco Möller wrote:

> Regarding openPGP usage, it is recommended in several user guides to 
> keep the primary key offline and keeping on the main computer only 
> subkeys.

I have read some of such guides. They imply considerations about
relevant threats but unfortunately they often fail to define their
threat model. They also don't acknowledge the fact that their threats
are not relevant to all people. Crypto nerds like to create perfect (?)
security systems.

A user certainly can keep his primary key outside his usual key ring. It
may build an extra barrier (together with passphrase) for others to
steal and use the key -- or for the owner to lose it. But if you don't
consider this a relevant threat then there is no need to keep your
primary key far and offline. Key management guides don't know what is
relevant to you.

-- 
/// Teemu Likonen - .-.. https://www.iki.fi/tlikonen/
// OpenPGP: 4E1055DC84E9DFF613D78557719D69D324539450


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Re: Messed up Email

[Richard Owlett]

On 06/22/2021 04:44 AM, Brad Rogers wrote:

In addition to everything everybody else has said, and just to make it
absolutely clear;

gmail != email

or, in words;

gmail IS NOT email


There may be vast swathes of overlap, but don't expect google to do
anything right.

All that google offer is for THEIR benefit, not yours.



One reason I pay a local supplier for email service -- effectively it is 
cheaper than any so called "free service".

Re: A feasible method to add examples to man pages?

[Richard Owlett]

On 06/22/2021 02:21 AM, Curt wrote:

On 2021-06-22, Greg Wooledge  wrote:

On Mon, Jun 21, 2021 at 11:50:22PM +0100, Brian wrote:

On Mon 21 Jun 2021 at 15:25:53 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:


On 06/21/2021 02:36 PM, Curt wrote:

   curl https://cht.sh/:cht.sh > ~/bin/cht.sh

 ^
 |
 +-- I don't understand that use of :



   chmod +x ~/bin/cht.sh
   cht.sh --standalone-install


q.v. https://github.com/chubin/cheat.sh/blob/master/doc/standalone.md



I don't understand what those 3 lines are attempting to do.
What should I be reading?


curl(1)
bash(1) (Redirection)
chmod(1)
less ~/bin/cht.sh


Just for the record, there should be a mkdir -p ~/bin in there as
well.


That was part of what threw me. I didn't think to check if ~/bin existed.


 And one might need to log out and back in to get ~/bin into
one's PATH, depending on how one's dot files are set up.  (Manual
modification of PATH is also acceptable.)


If ~/bin needs to be created, will logging out then in _guarantee_ it 
gets added to my path? That doesn't sound normal.


Is there a Debian specific article on when to use which ...\bin 
directory in $PATH and when/how to permanently add an additional directory.






That's what I get for blindly copying and pasting the "directions" from
Github. I should've have just told Monnier that the whole shebang
can be installed locally, which renders inoperative his nitpick about
not having the Net when he needs to cheat the most (or most often).

Postfix: configurer l'email de root

[Olivier]

Bonjour,

Je souhaite revoir la config de serveurs sous Buster sur lesquels Postfix
est installé.

Comment faire en sorte que les courriels émis par le système vers root (en
cas d'échec dans un script cron, par exemple) soit envoyés vers un
destinataire extérieur (f...@exemple.fr) ?

Est-il possible que ce paramètre soit renseigné de telle sort qu'il soit
accessible à toutes les applications comme Postfix, Exim ou autre ?

Slts

Re: Messed up Email

[Brad Rogers]

In addition to everything everybody else has said, and just to make it
absolutely clear;

gmail != email

or, in words;

gmail IS NOT email


There may be vast swathes of overlap, but don't expect google to do
anything right.

All that google offer is for THEIR benefit, not yours.

-- 
 Regards  _
 / )   "The blindingly obvious is
/ _)radnever immediately apparent"
Two sides to every story
Public Image - Public Image Ltd


pgpsTtCRRz4PL.pgp
Description: OpenPGP digital signature

Re: Auto install security updates only?

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Ma, 22 iun 21, 10:05:32, Dick Visser wrote:
> 
> It appears that linux-image-cloud-amd64 is the security update, but it
> depends on linux-image-4.19.0-17-cloud-amd64 which is not a security
> update.

The output of 'apt policy' for both package will show what's happening. 

My guess is they are both regular stable updates, not security updates.

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: Unir a Active Directory

[Antonio Trujillo Carmona]

El 22/6/21 a las 8:16, Camaleón escribió:
> El 2021-06-21 a las 09:55 +0200, Antonio Trujillo Carmona escribió:
>
>> Desde hace tiempo estoy sufriendo problemas con la unión a AD.
> (...)
>
> No he trabajado con dominios, así que probablemente no te diga nada que 
> no sepas o hayas probado ya, pero quizá te sirva de algo este artículo, 
> que aunque va enfocado a Fedora te puede dar alguna pista para 
> configurar el servicio sssd y reducir los tiempos de consulta/respuesta.
>
> Why is id so slow with SSSD? 
> https://jhrozek.livejournal.com/3195.html
>
> Performance tuning SSSD for large IPA-AD trust deployments
> https://jhrozek.wordpress.com/2015/08/19/performance-tuning-sssd-for-large-ipa-ad-trust-deployments/
>
> Saludos,
>
Gracias, los mirare.

Re: [OT] openPGP: keeping primary key offline?

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Ma, 22 iun 21, 10:46:58, Marco Möller wrote:
> Regarding openPGP usage, it is recommended in several user guides to keep
> the primary key offline and keeping on the main computer only subkeys. The
> argumentation is that if keeping it on the main computer then it could be
> used in an unauthorized way.
> Of course, what is offline, like a good backup, is safer than what is kept
> online, simply because it cannot be accessed on the computer.
> But, would it really be so easy for someone to to use a primary key? Isn't
> the primary key stored passphrase protected, thus stored encrypted?
> Except the case that an attacker would be in my system and actively spying
> on me with a keylogger and other bad tools, I would assume that if someone
> would simply steel (copy and carry away) my complete ~/.gnupg folder with
> the primary key and revocation certificates somewhere being stored in there,
> the usage of these keys and certificates would only be possible after
> decryption upon the correct answer at the passphrase request? Isn't it like
> this?

Yes, for using the key. They could also just use your revocation 
certificate for a denial-of-service attack (as far as I recall these are 
not protected by a passphrase).

However, with a copy of your private key an attacker can try to 
brute-force your passphrase. Because this is done locally they can throw 
whatever processing power they have access to at the problem[1].

For most other passwords this is not an issue, because an attacker 
trying to brute-force a password will quickly find themselves rate 
limited and/or banned and/or the account will be locked after a certain 
number of tries.

So it's basically a defence-in-depth approach, which may be relatively 
easy for you to implement (the master key is needed only to issue or 
revoke sub-keys and sign other keys), but increases the difficulty 
significantly for an attacker.

[1] obligatory XKCD: https://xkcd.com/538/

Hope this helps,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: recherche solution pour un compte à rebours

[sTriX]

le dimanche 20 juin 2021 à 20:07 (+0200), Bernard Schoenacker a écrit:
> Bonjour,
> 
> je recherche à réaliser un décompte sur mon ordi pour "surveiller" 
> un processus physique (chronomètre countdown) ...
> 
> Quelle est la bonne solution ?
> 

Alarm-Clock conviendrait elle à tes besoins ?

http://alarm-clock.pseudoberries.com/

Bonne journée
-- 
Gérard 

Security foutmeldingen in Thunderbird

[Paul van der Vlis]

Hoi,

Ik krijg van verschillende kanten meldingen dat Thunderbird opeens 
foutmeldingen geeft:


Your connection is not secure

The website tried to negotiate an inadequate level of security.

live.thunderbird.net uses security technology that is outdated and 
vulnerable to attack. An attacker could easily reveal information which 
you thought to be safe. The website administrator will need to fix the 
server first before you can visit the site.


Error code: NS_ERROR_NET_INADEQUATE_SECURITY


Dit blijkt te gaan om de "startpagina" van Thunderbird, je kunt aan of 
uitzetten of die getoond wordt als Thunderbird start.


Door een security update is Thunderbird nu wat kritischer voor wat 
betreft SSL. Mozilla moet zich wel schamen ;-)


Groet,
Paul



--
Paul van der Vlis Linux systeembeheer Groningen
https://www.vandervlis.nl/

pictograms

[steef van duin]

  
  
Hi,

somehow i did something very stupid.: I cannot get 'the' large
pictograms back in my home file. How do i do that? I seem to
have forgotten this.

Sorry,

steef

(dutch) Ik heb gedachtenloos klaarblijkelijk iets nogal doms
gedaan. De grotere vrijstaande pistagrammen in mij  home-bestand
lijken niet simpel terug te halen zijn. Hoe krijg ik dat ook
weer voor elkaar?

steef 

  
  

Gmail's special approach to Email [was: Re: Messed up Email]

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Lu, 21 iun 21, 16:22:42, Gary L. Roach wrote:
> 
> For some years, I have been using Thunderbird on Debian with no problems.
> Over a year ago I switched to gmail.com (Imap server) for my mail server.
> Everything went fine until about 6 months ago . All of a sudden I had an
> All-Mail folder that wasn't there before.

It most certainly was there, but maybe your Thunderbird wasn't showing 
it (i.e. 'subscribed').

> Since then all of my Emails are
> bypassing my InBox and my filters. I decided to sort out the All-Mail by
> creating a new set of filters and running them on the All-Mail box. I
> completely cleaned out all 4000 or so Emails.

It's not clear, but it seems you are referring to *local* filters (Gmail 
has it's own filtering facility). E.g. I have a rule to archive and mark 
as read all messages that are To or Cc debian-user (but not from other 
Debian lists), so I don't ever see the message in my Gmail Inbox if you 
ever Cc: me on debian-user ;)

> As soon as I restarted
> Thunderbird all of the old Emails were downloaded from the web and re-filled
> the All-Mail box. Nothing in the InBox. In addition, I now have multiple
> copies of the same messages in all of my local folders. In short I have a
> real mess on my hands. I have seen various solutions on the web but none
> seem to work. I also noted that pop servers, unlike imap servers, store all
> of the files on the local computer. Could switching to pop solve this
> problem? Are there any other solutions? Please help.

POP3 is basically just a simple method to download messages locally and 
optionally delete them from the server. As far as I know IMAP4 can do 
everything POP3 can, and more. For your particular issue it probably 
won't help at all.


Quick solution for your problem: just 'unsubscribe' from the 'All Mail' 
folder and carry on.

Long answer:

1. There is only one copy of each message on Gmail, ever.[1]

2. Messages can have one or more 'Labels', that are exposed as separate 
folders via IMAP (or POP if you prefer that).

3. Except for messages in 'Thrash' and 'Spam' every message *also* has 
the Label 'All Mail'. It might help to think of it as *the*
storage / archive for *all* your messages that you still want to keep.

4. Consequently the only way to permanently remove messages from
'All Mail' is to delete them (move to 'Trash') or mark them as spam 
(move to 'Spam'). Both actions will also remove them from *every* other 
Label/IMAP folder.

A side effect of all of the above is that marking a message as read in 
one Label/IMAP folder will also mark it as read in every other 
Label/IMAP folder it (still) exists, because it's the same message from 
Gmail's point of view[2].


[1] This is a long-standing issue for list subscribers that receive list 
mail at the same Gmail address they are using for posting.

Gmail just drops the message returning via the list (because there is 
already a copy in 'Sent') and they can't tell if the message went 
through without checking the archives.

Because of this I just gave up and subscribed a GMX address to the list, 
with the added advantage (for me) of classic IMAP support.

[2] This can actually be helpful for big threads cross-posted to two or 
more lists you are subscribed to, though in general I prefer to have 
separate copies and read/unread state of messages for each list.


Hope this helps,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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[OT] openPGP: keeping primary key offline?

[Marco Möller]

Regarding openPGP usage, it is recommended in several user guides to 
keep the primary key offline and keeping on the main computer only 
subkeys. The argumentation is that if keeping it on the main computer 
then it could be used in an unauthorized way.
Of course, what is offline, like a good backup, is safer than what is 
kept online, simply because it cannot be accessed on the computer.
But, would it really be so easy for someone to to use a primary key? 
Isn't the primary key stored passphrase protected, thus stored encrypted?
Except the case that an attacker would be in my system and actively 
spying on me with a keylogger and other bad tools, I would assume that 
if someone would simply steel (copy and carry away) my complete ~/.gnupg 
folder with the primary key and revocation certificates somewhere being 
stored in there, the usage of these keys and certificates would only be 
possible after decryption upon the correct answer at the passphrase 
request? Isn't it like this?


Marco.

Re: Re : Problème avec pulseaudio

[steve]

Le 20-06-2021, à 09:22:06 +0200, steve a écrit :


Le 19-06-2021, à 23:44:44 +, Hugues Larrive a écrit :


Bonjour,


Une idée?


Peut-être :
# usermod -a -G  pulse-access ton-utilisateur


Merci, mon utilisateur n'était pas dans ce groupe.

J'ai redémarré et il semble que l'erreur ait disparu. A voir.



Finalement l'erreur est de nouveau présente. J'avais aussi ajouter mon
utilisateur au groupe 'pulse' au cas où.

Une autre idée ?

Merci

Auto install security updates only?

[Dick Visser]

Hi

I'm looking for a way to auto install security updates only.
To this end have configured unattended-upgrades like this:

Unattended-Upgrade::Origins-Pattern {
 "origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename},label=Debian-Security";
  };
Unattended-Upgrade::Package-Blacklist {
};

While this works *most* of the time, it does not work *all* of the time.
A common issue is when a security update depends on another, new
package that is not labeled as Debian-Security.
Since a few days, this is the case again:

WARNING package linux-image-cloud-amd64 upgradable but fails to be
marked for upgrade ()

It appears that linux-image-cloud-amd64 is the security update, but it
depends on linux-image-4.19.0-17-cloud-amd64 which is not a security
update. If I add:
"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename},label=Debian";
to the Unattended-Upgrade::Origins-Pattern list (basically the
default), it works but then all packages get updated - which I don't
want.

On https://github.com/mvo5/unattended-upgrades#supported-options-reference
I noticed there is the Unattended-Upgrade::Package-Whitelist option.
But that means I have to know in advance which packages will be
upgraded - which I don't.

Any ideas on how one would auto install security updates including any
dependencies that are not labeled as Debian-Security?

thx!


-- 
Dick Visser
Trust & Identity Service Operations Manager
GÉANT

Disappearning shim-signed after failed dist-upgrade

[Gareth Evans]

A recent dist-upgrade on Buster (in a scripted cron job run at 01:00 daily) 
failed due to apt-listbugs complaining about the boot-breaking bug in 
shim-signed, and pinning v1.33 in the process.

https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=990082

The next (manual) dist-upgrade removed shim-signed v1.33

$ cat /var/log/apt/history.log
Start-Date: 2021-06-20  18:33:29
Commandline: apt-get -y dist-upgrade
Requested-By: x (1000)
Upgrade: shim-signed-common:amd64 (1.33+15+1533136590.3beb971-7, 
1.36~1+deb10u1+15.4-5~deb10u1)
Remove: shim-signed:amd64 (1.33+15+1533136590.3beb971-7)
End-Date: 2021-06-20  18:33:30

unattended-upgrades (which I had forgotten was installed) upgraded some related 
packages earlier the same day, but not shim-signed itself:

$ cat /var/log/apt/history.log
Start-Date: 2021-06-20  06:26:31
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: shim-helpers-amd64-signed:amd64 (1+15+1533136590.3beb971+7+deb10u1, 
1+15.4+5~deb10u1), shim-unsigned:amd64 (15+1533136590.3beb971-7+deb10u1, 
15.4-5~deb10u1)
End-Date: 2021-06-20  06:26:34

The only references to shim-signed in apt history logs were the initial Buster 
installation, and the recent removal:

/var/log/apt$ grep -n "shim-signed:" history.log*
history.log:209:Remove: shim-signed:amd64 (1.33+15+1533136590.3beb971-7)
history.log.6:33:Install: [...] shim-signed:amd64 
(1.33+15+1533136590.3beb971-7) [...]


As I don't currently use secure boot, I ignored the bug warnings when I 
reinstalled it and dependencies (the buster-updates version per the email from 
debian-stable-announce yesterday
https://lists.debian.org/debian-stable-announce/2021/06/msg1.html

...but still:

$ apt policy shim-signed
shim-signed:
  Installed: 1.36~1+deb10u2+15.4-5~deb10u1
  Candidate: 1.36~1+deb10u2+15.4-5~deb10u1

$ apt-listbugs list shim-signed
Retrieving bug reports... Done
Parsing Found/Fixed information... Done
grave bugs of shim-signed (→ ) 
 b1 - #990082 - High chance of boot problems with buster's version of arm64 shim
grave bugs of shim-signed (→ ) 
 b2 - #987991 - shim-signed: Recent dbx update blacklists shimx64.efi 
(1.33+15+1533136590.3beb971-7) (Fixed: shim-signed/1.34)
Summary:
 shim-signed(2 bugs)

$ apt-listbugs list shim-signed-common
critical bugs of shim-signed-common (→ ) 
 b1 - #990158 - shim-signed-common: No UEFI boot with error "Could not create 
MokListXRT"
Summary:
 shim-signed-common(1 bug)

Is this referring to the non buster-updates package?

Can anyone enlighten me as to:

Why might shim-signed v1.33 have been removed by dist-upgrade despite the 
previous upgrade attempt having been aborted by apt-listbugs?

What's the best way to reinstall an older package version and its old 
dependencies if affected by something like this, and it isn't to be found in 
/var/cache/apt/archives?

Thanks,
Gareth

Re: A feasible method to add examples to man pages?

[Curt]

On 2021-06-22, Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> On Mon, Jun 21, 2021 at 11:50:22PM +0100, Brian wrote:
>> On Mon 21 Jun 2021 at 15:25:53 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:
>> 
>> > On 06/21/2021 02:36 PM, Curt wrote:
>> > >   curl https://cht.sh/:cht.sh > ~/bin/cht.sh
>> > >   chmod +x ~/bin/cht.sh
>> > >   cht.sh --standalone-install
>> > 
>> > I don't understand what those 3 lines are attempting to do.
>> > What should I be reading?
>> 
>> curl(1)
>> bash(1) (Redirection)
>> chmod(1)
>> less ~/bin/cht.sh
>
> Just for the record, there should be a mkdir -p ~/bin in there as
> well.  And one might need to log out and back in to get ~/bin into
> one's PATH, depending on how one's dot files are set up.  (Manual
> modification of PATH is also acceptable.)

That's what I get for blindly copying and pasting the "directions" from
Github. I should've have just told Monnier that the whole shebang
can be installed locally, which renders inoperative his nitpick about
not having the Net when he needs to cheat the most (or most often). 

Re: bad fstab entry prevents ssh from starting [where do i file a bugreport?]

[Sven Hartge]

Horatiu Nimigean  wrote:

> if one entry in fstab fails, ssh fails to start and the vps/bare metal needs 
> rescue.
> What causes this ? I suspect it's some systemd dependency, that's why I am 
> asking here.

If an entry in /etc/fstab is not marked "nofail", then a failure to mount
will cause the system to go into its rescue mode.

This is expected and usually the right thing to do to prevent a
partially constructed system from starting service which may try to read
or write data from or to the wrong destinations.

Grüße,
Sven.

-- 
Sigmentation fault. Core dumped.

Re: bad fstab entry prevents ssh from starting [where do i file a bugreport?]

[mick crane]

On 2021-06-22 07:39, Horatiu Nimigean wrote:

Hi.
https://www.debian.org/Bugs/Reporting told me this is the best place
to ask if i am not sure which package causes the problem.

The problem:
if one entry in fstab fails, ssh fails to start and the vps/bare metal
needs rescue.
What causes this ? I suspect it's some systemd dependency, that's why
I am asking here.
my specific case:
one md array failed to mount. the mountpoint was not vital to ssh
functionality. in fact, it had nothing to do with it at all.
/ mounts perfectly fine.
details: debian 10, standard cli install, not sure what else is needed.


google asks if it is anything to do with this.
https://www.tecmint.com/sshfs-mount-remote-linux-filesystem-directory-using-ssh/
mick
--
Key ID4BFEBB31

bad fstab entry prevents ssh from starting [where do i file a bugreport?]

[Horatiu Nimigean]

Hi.
https://www.debian.org/Bugs/Reporting told me this is the best place to ask if 
i am not sure which package causes the problem.

The problem:
if one entry in fstab fails, ssh fails to start and the vps/bare metal needs 
rescue.
What causes this ? I suspect it's some systemd dependency, that's why I am 
asking here.
my specific case:
one md array failed to mount. the mountpoint was not vital to ssh 
functionality. in fact, it had nothing to do with it at all.
/ mounts perfectly fine.
details: debian 10, standard cli install, not sure what else is needed.

Re: Unir a Active Directory

[Camaleón]

El 2021-06-21 a las 09:55 +0200, Antonio Trujillo Carmona escribió:

> Desde hace tiempo estoy sufriendo problemas con la unión a AD.

(...)

No he trabajado con dominios, así que probablemente no te diga nada que 
no sepas o hayas probado ya, pero quizá te sirva de algo este artículo, 
que aunque va enfocado a Fedora te puede dar alguna pista para 
configurar el servicio sssd y reducir los tiempos de consulta/respuesta.

Why is id so slow with SSSD? 
https://jhrozek.livejournal.com/3195.html

Performance tuning SSSD for large IPA-AD trust deployments
https://jhrozek.wordpress.com/2015/08/19/performance-tuning-sssd-for-large-ipa-ad-trust-deployments/

Saludos,

-- 
Camaleón