Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-29 Thread Michael Jones


--- Dan Frakes [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:  

 Two speakers that are measured by equipment to have the exact same 
 specifications can sound remarkably different to human ears, even
 in 
 controlled, double-blind testing. 

I'd be astonished if you could ever find two speakers (even a
supposedly 'matched' stereo pair with adjacent serial numbers) that
measure identically.  The point is that it's almost *always* possible
to measure differences - it's establishing at what point those
differences become immaterial from an audibility point-of-view that's
the tricky bit.

Now, if a listener really does observe differences between components
which measure so alike as to be predictably (from all we know about
hearing thresholds) identical *to the human ear*, we should look for
alternative explanations.  Perhaps we haven't measured the right
thing.  Perhaps this observation has highlighted an electrical
phenomenon not previously considered important in audio reproduction.
 Or (and this is usually the most likely explanation), the listener's
observations are not entirely based up acoustic stimulus (i.e. it's a
sighted observation, the listener knows the identity of the unit
under test, the listener has been told that they're now listening to
something different, etc).

Double-blind tests aren't generally considered necessary for
speakers, btw - the difference between different models are usually
pretty gross.  See also vinyl sources...

 That's why audio magazines don't
 just 
 publish measurements, and why we don't buy stereos by spec sheets.

Absolutely - we *audition* them.  Of course this typically involves
straying away from the dictionary definition of that term and using
our *eyes* as well as ears, so we may perceive differences where none
(in the audible realm) exist.  Those audio magazines do indeed
include plenty more copy than just spec sheets - but how useful is
any of their prose?  How many of those conduct *proper* critical
listening tests, free from non-aural bias?  How many just seek to
obfuscate and confuse with flowery subjective assessment (often
riddled with a healthy dose of audiophile mythology), free from
meaningful references?

The British mag Hi-Fi Choice were in the habit of conducting some
form of blind panel test for comparative reviews, but this practice
would appear to have been dropped recently (frustratingly - just as
they get their hands on some affordable DVD-A and SACD hardware!).

So, yes - it's certainly not just about specs.  If only for the
reason that, contrary to what you say, specs show up differences
between *everything*, while our ears are not nearly so sensitive (but
are prone to other influences, unless we take steps to minimise their
effect).  Believe your ears - but your ears *alone*.

Mike.

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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-29 Thread J. Coon


Michael Jones wrote:
  Those audio magazines do indeed
 include plenty more copy than just spec sheets - but how useful is
 any of their prose?  How many of those conduct *proper* critical
 listening tests, free from non-aural bias?  How many just seek to
 obfuscate and confuse with flowery subjective assessment (often
 riddled with a healthy dose of audiophile mythology), free from
 meaningful references?

An audio magazine printed and article about a guy that went out and
bought several different brands of minidisc and swore he and even his
wife could tell the difference between them.  He proceeded to rate them
for warmth, brightness, etc.  Any magazine that would publish crap like
that would publish anything, just like the supermarket tabloids.  

--
Jim Coon
Not just another pretty mandolin picker.
mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
If Gibson made cars, would they sound so sweet?

My first web page  

http://www.tir.com/~liteways
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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-27 Thread PrinceGaz


From: "Dan Frakes" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Yeah, I don't like the blue ones very much -- they just add too much, er,
 color to my music g


Yeah, I find the blue disks muffle the treble, probably cos the
higher wavelength light which is used for higher pitch sound gets
reflected off the case instead of the disk.  The reverse is true
with the red disks which are terrible for bass response.

And if any newbies are reading this, please don't take it seriously!

Yours,
PrinceGaz.


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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-27 Thread J. Coon


Dan Frakes wrote:

 BTW , we both agree yellow MDs are better than blue too, right?? But
 I think the clear ones give the clearest sound, LOL..
 
 Yeah, I don't like the blue ones very much -- they just add too much, er,
 color to my music g

It all depends on  the type of music you are listening to.  Blue sure
makes the blues sound good.  Red is for the the hot tunes, and Russian
.  "Mellow, Yellow,  That's right Slick"  Anyone old enough to recognize
what tune that line is from?  
Green, Irish.  and the list goes on G

--
Jim Coon
Not just another pretty mandolin picker.
mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
If Gibson made cars, would they sound so sweet?

My first web page  

http://www.tir.com/~liteways
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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-26 Thread las


 "Even the most expensive test equipment doesn't measure subtle differences
 well. The human ear is more sensitive than the most expensive "equipment"
 in the world."

This is a very important point.  Although there are some quantitative tests
that are of value, when you are talking about things like audio or video,
everyone is going to hear and see things slightly differently.

I think that you reach a point where you begin paying for air when it comes
to so called high end.

If you want to you can go crazy with theories and think that you are 100%
sure that the $10,000 power amp is much better then the $1500.00 receiver.
Where do you draw the line?  Bi amps? Tri amplification??

There are limitations to human hearing.  At some point you will reach a point
where you are not hearing "better" sound only different sound.

Take the Sub woofer for example.  The theory is always thrown out that very
low frequencies are not directional and therefore you do not need separate
right and left subwoofers.  But has anyone actually tried using a separate
subwoofer for each channel?

There is a difference in the sound and feel.  Yes I say feel because at some
point frequencies are so low that you feel them as much as hear them.

Just my 2 cents plain (joke for any old timers like me-No I'm not going to
start the Historical Bum song again don't worry)

Larry



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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-26 Thread J. Coon


las wrote:
 
  "Even the most expensive test equipment doesn't measure subtle differences
  well. The human ear is more sensitive than the most expensive "equipment"
  in the world."

I am an engineer, and I think that if we can hear something, there has
to be a way to measure it.  THis is science , not hokus pokus.

 
 This is a very important point.  Although there are some quantitative tests
 that are of value, when you are talking about things like audio or video,
 everyone is going to hear and see things slightly differently.

But instrumentation won't.

 
 I think that you reach a point where you begin paying for air when it comes
 to so called high end.
 
 If you want to you can go crazy with theories and think that you are 100%
 sure that the $10,000 power amp is much better then the $1500.00 receiver.
 Where do you draw the line?  Bi amps? Tri amplification??

Yup, and a year later, there will be a newer model to whet your
EAS..(Equipment Acquisition Syndrome)

 
 There are limitations to human hearing.  At some point you will reach a point
 where you are not hearing "better" sound only different sound.

 I think you hit the nail on the head, Larry 


--
Jim Coon
Not just another pretty mandolin picker.
mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
If Gibson made cars, would they sound so sweet?

My first web page  

http://www.tir.com/~liteways
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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-26 Thread las


"J. Coon" wrote:

 lI am an engineer, and I think that if we can hear something, there has
 to be a way to measure it.  THis is science , not hokus pokus.


Jim, I have been corresponding with you on the list for several years.  I almost
always agree with what you have to say,  because I think you are right.

This reply is not an exception, but rather a clarification.

I think that you are missing my point when you say, "there has to be a way to
measure it".  I'm not saying that if the sound is clearly noticeable to the
majority of normal hearing persons that it can't be measured.  That's a fact.
Anyone who would
argue with you about that is simply mistaken.

What I am says is a) there are measurements that an instrument can record that have
no significance in the real world because they are beyond the realm of human
hearing.

b) Just because some people "hear" something (remember, it is important to use the
term some people) that does not mean there is a measurable, quantitative
difference.  Only that some people "hear' something.

How many times have you been  all excited about some new piece of equipment or
"improved" CD (by improved I mean that the CD had been out for some time and in
order to generate new sales, the record company makes a vague reference to
improvements on the "new version".  But when you have other people listen to what
you are all excited about, they do not notice any difference.

 There are two main reasons for this that I can think of.  One is that the excited
 person is hearing what he/she wants to hear.  The other is just the opposite.
 The person being asked to listen just doesn't have the ability to distinguish
 between certain variations in sound (or video for that matter).

What is also important for me to make clear is that the person that can not tell
the difference doesn't have to have poorer hearing then the excited person (by the
standard means use to test a persons hearing).  He/she hears perfectly fine.  Maybe
even better then the exited person, as far as testing goes.  But their thought
processes are not able to comprehend the difference.

I'm NOT speaking of a psychoacoustic or (and I am using this term only to avoid
another stupid thread) psychosomatic effect.  Two people have good eyesight.  In
fact one of the person's is even better then the other.  Both read something.  Both
understand each individual word.  But when placed in a specific order, the person
with the "just good" eyesight might fully understand what he/she has read and the
person with the better eyesight has trouble understanding the exact meaning.

This has nothing to do with intelligence either!!  The person that can't quite "get
it" (btw, I hope that everyone on the list is getting it and as often as they
wantG) may be "rated" with a super intelligence.  It's just that there are areas
where very bright people excel and at the same time this brilliant people may just
not be "good" in certain areas.

So why can't the same be said for what one hears??

 Yup, and a year later, there will be a newer model to whet your
 EAS..(Equipment Acquisition Syndrome)

  I think you hit the nail on the head, Larry


I like that EAS!!!  It is so true.  Each year most equipment manufactures make
"changes" and "improvements" to their products.  But often these "improvements" are
actually only things that make the product look a little different and in many
cases are done because it is cheaper for the manufacture to produce (even though
they may charge a premium for the newer model.

I'm not going to touch planned obsolesce.  We could start a thread there that would
never end and probably spend months just talking about Sony.

 Enjoy your weekend,

Larry


 --
 Jim Coon
 Not just another pretty mandolin picker.
 mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 If Gibson made cars, would they sound so sweet?

 My first web page

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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-26 Thread Dan Frakes


"Les" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Now I am confused cause I do not remember who wrote what anymore, LOL

I'm sure you're not the only one g


 I never said ATRAC degraded anything people can hear

 You never said that, but it's true (at least for some people).

I will never believe this until someone proves it and more than a few have
tried, come on over to Oak Harbor WA and try  I'll offer  100.00 to
anyone who can come tell me the difference in my studio; but if you loose we
go to the Outback (A HIGH END restuarant, LOL) on your bill.

If I lived a little closer, Larry ;-)


 Most serious audio people would not consider Onkyo or HK to be "high end"
 -- there is little difference in audio quality between a good JVC CD
 player and a good HK CD player.

Anyone who knows audio equipment or who has ever sold audio equipment 
knows better than this. While not the highest end Onkyo  HK are high 
end consumer versions whereas JVC is NOT.. But you are right, there 
is little difference in the sound quality which is what I tried to 
explain all along. SO little and subtle you can only notice it at 
very low volume.

I would disagree, Larry, about HK vs. Onkyo vs. JVC, and I would consider 
myself someone who "knows audio" pretty well. Harmon-Kardon and Onkyo are 
*marketed* as "high-end consumer" but in reality (as you yourself wrote) 
they don't really sound any better than JVC. In fact, if I recall 
correctly, neither Onkyo nor HK ever had a CD player listed in 
Stereophile's recommended components, while JVC has had at least two -- 
one of their consumer CD players was listed as a Class C transport for 
several years. While some people don't give Stereophile much credence (I 
personally admit that I think a lot of their "tweaks" are hokey and some 
of their "subtle differences" are there because they want them to be 
there), I think that more than any of the other audio magazines, 
Stereophile at least does a good job of differentiating between what does 
and doesn't reproduce good sound.

What do you consider high end by the way??

I think for CD players you have to at least get up to NAD, Adcom and the 
like before you can really say you're approaching "high-end." That said, 
there are CD players from "high-end" manufacturers that aren't that good, 
and CD players from "consumer" companies (like the JVC unit mentioned 
above) that are. And as I've said before, many people don't have "high 
end" components, and are perfectly happy with them -- I know you and I 
agree here, Larry, but I just want to reiterate that there is nothing 
that says you have to have "high-end" stuff to enjoy your music.


 That's where I disagree. While the average consumer doesn't care, you
 don't have to spend obscene amounts of money just to get a "high-end"
 system that can reveal the differences.

I can agree on most of what you are saying but Again, I am very curious what
you consider "high end"; if JVC decks are equal to Onkyo then are radio
shack speakers in the same group as Klipsch??

Well, not anywhere near usually, but Radio Shack distributes an 
Optimus-branded speaker made by Linnaeus that is probably in that range. 
The rest of Radio Shack's stuff is pretty poor ;-) Along those lines, for 
years, many people in audio considered the Optimus 3400 to be the best 
portable CD player on the market, but who would have guessed. Kind of 
what I mentioned above -- even the bad companies get it right on occasion 
g

How about +/- .0001 db; think you can hear that difference?? Or how 
about 5hz, think you can hear that? Have you ever had a hearing test? 
If equipment can't outperform the human ear then how would we ever 
measure human hearing? We do it every 3 months in the aviation world. 
This statement is simply not true but it does "sound" good, LOL.

and, similarly, "J. Coon" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I am an engineer, and I think that if we can hear something, there has
to be a way to measure it.  THis is science , not hokus pokus.

If you're talking about measuring test tones, dB, frequency response, you 
(and Jim) are entirely correct. However, my point was that musical 
reproduction isn't about simply reproducing test tones, certain sound 
levels, and the "best" flat frequency response. If it was, we would have 
had perfect audio reproduction years and years ago. While equipment can 
measure those things, it can't tell you whether or not a certain stereo 
system sounds more (or less) like the original performance. In terms of 
hearing music and the spacial, directional, and, some argue, emotional 
cues within it, the human ear is much more sensitive than any equipment. 
Two speakers that are measured by equipment to have the exact same 
specifications can sound remarkably different to human ears, even in 
controlled, double-blind testing. That's why audio magazines don't just 
publish measurements, and why we don't buy stereos by spec sheets.

I actually think we're on the same page here, Larry, no?


And finally, 

Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-26 Thread las



  ===
  = NB: Over 50% of this message is QUOTED, please  =
  = be more selective when quoting text =
  ===

  I never said ATRAC degraded anything people can hear
 
  You never said that, but it's true (at least for some people).
 
 I will never believe this until someone proves it and more than a few have
 tried, come on over to Oak Harbor WA and try  I'll offer  100.00 to
 anyone who can come tell me the difference in my studio; but if you loose we
 go to the Outback (A HIGH END restuarant, LOL) on your bill.

 If I lived a little closer, Larry ;-)

If your speaking about me, Larry Sherry, I never made any statement about ATRAC
causing very noticeable (if any) dedication in sound quality.  I'm still the
schmuck that thinks that even the original sony ATRAC version one isn't bad
(STOP  I know that everyone thinks I'm deaf for saying this but you have to
understand that I never play MD through a, what you'd you call it (Pioneer 100
watt per channel dolby prologic etc.-I'll discuss my front speakers at a later
time) medium end?? system.

I consider low end something like a 400.00 + Aiwa system.  although, even with
their plastic speakers, some of them have "not that poor" sound quality.

  Most serious audio people would not consider Onkyo or HK to be "high end"
  -- there is little difference in audio quality between a good JVC CD
  player and a good HK CD player.
 
 Anyone who knows audio equipment or who has ever sold audio equipment
 knows better than this. While not the highest end Onkyo  HK are high
 end consumer versions whereas JVC is NOT.. But you are right, there
 is little difference in the sound quality which is what I tried to
 explain all along. SO little and subtle you can only notice it at
 very low volume.

 I would disagree, Larry,

Wow!! again, this isn't my statement!!!  I think that you may have take a thread
from a previous e mail and confused it with me!!!  I really don't think that I
wrote that.  I don't agree with the statements, so i don't think I wrote them.

 about HK vs. Onkyo vs. JVC, and I would consider
 myself someone who "knows audio" pretty well. Harmon-Kardon and Onkyo are
 *marketed* as "high-end consumer" but in reality (as you yourself wrote)
 they don't really sound any better than JVC. In fact, if I recall
 correctly, neither Onkyo nor HK ever had a CD player listed in
 Stereophile's recommended components, while JVC has had at least two --
 one of their consumer CD players was listed as a Class C transport for
 several years. While some people don't give Stereophile much credence (I
 personally admit that I think a lot of their "tweaks" are hokey and some
 of their "subtle differences" are there because they want them to be
 there), I think that more than any of the other audio magazines,
 Stereophile at least does a good job of differentiating between what does
 and doesn't reproduce good sound.

 What do you consider high end by the way??

 I think for CD players you have to at least get up to NAD, Adcom and the
 like before you can really say you're approaching "high-end." That said,
 there are CD players from "high-end" manufacturers that aren't that good,
 and CD players from "consumer" companies (like the JVC unit mentioned
 above) that are. And as I've said before, many people don't have "high
 end" components, and are perfectly happy with them -- I know you and I
 agree here, Larry, but I just want to reiterate that there is nothing
 that says you have to have "high-end" stuff to enjoy your music.

  That's where I disagree. While the average consumer doesn't care, you
  don't have to spend obscene amounts of money just to get a "high-end"
  system that can reveal the differences.
 

this is NOT Larry Sherry!!


 I can agree on most of what you are saying but Again, I am very curious what
 you consider "high end"; if JVC decks are equal to Onkyo then are radio
 shack speakers in the same group as Klipsch??


Not me.  I usually don't even consider jvc when I think of any kind of quality
audio!


 Well, not anywhere near usually, but Radio Shack distributes an
 Optimus-branded speaker made by Linnaeus that is probably in that range.
 The rest of Radio Shack's stuff is pretty poor ;-) Along those lines, for
 years, many people in audio considered the Optimus 3400 to be the best
 portable CD player on the market, but who would have guessed. Kind of
 what I mentioned above -- even the bad companies get it right on occasion
 g

 How about +/- .0001 db; think you can hear that difference?? Or how
 about 5hz, think you can hear that? Have you ever had a hearing test?
 If equipment can't outperform the human ear then how would we ever
 measure human hearing? We do it every 3 months in the aviation world.
 This statement is simply not true but it does "sound" good, LOL.

 and, similarly, "J. Coon" [EMAIL 

Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-26 Thread Dan Frakes


las [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
If your speaking about me, Larry Sherry,

[and]

 I would disagree, Larry,

Wow!! again, this isn't my statement!!! I think that you may have 
take a thread from a previous e mail and confused it with me!!!

My apologies to Larry and Les for mixing up their posts. I saw "las" and 
"les" and got confused g

that IS Larry!!

Well, at least I got one attribution right ;-)
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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-26 Thread Dan Frakes


On 8/26/00 7:05 PM, Les wrote:
Actually I wrote most of what you attribute to Larry, LOL

I just realized that from reading Larry's comments in the last digest ;-)

You are correct about most and our disagreements are so little I'm 
giving up on principle!

I think we had a very good discussion. Thanks to everyone for being civil 
-- not that you wouldn't be, but we've all seen some of the other 
"discussions!"
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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-26 Thread Les


How RIGHT you are on this one DAN!  It was FUN, and my partner and I get
into some real good ones sometimes too, LOL

BTW , we both agree yellow MDs are better than blue too, right??  But I
think the clear ones give the clearest sound, LOL..

Les

- Original Message -
From: "Dan Frakes" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: "Les" [EMAIL PROTECTED]; "MDList" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, August 26, 2000 9:13 PM
Subject: Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality


 On 8/26/00 7:05 PM, Les wrote:
 Actually I wrote most of what you attribute to Larry, LOL

 I just realized that from reading Larry's comments in the last digest ;-)

 You are correct about most and our disagreements are so little I'm
 giving up on principle!

 I think we had a very good discussion. Thanks to everyone for being civil
 -- not that you wouldn't be, but we've all seen some of the other
 "discussions!"


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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-26 Thread Dan Frakes


On 8/26/00 9:20 PM, Les wrote:
How RIGHT you are on this one DAN! It was FUN, and my partner and I 
get into some real good ones sometimes too, LOL

BTW , we both agree yellow MDs are better than blue too, right?? But 
I think the clear ones give the clearest sound, LOL..

Yeah, I don't like the blue ones very much -- they just add too much, er, 
color to my music g
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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-25 Thread Dan Frakes


"J. Coon" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 I have one customer that pays double the price to get his CDRs
 colored red because he KNOWS they sound better 


Wow, he sure is a fool.  Everyone knows you need to use the GREEN
MARKER. G

LOL... good one. And don't forget to litter your listening room with 
those little black discs ;-)
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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-25 Thread Dan Frakes


"Les" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I do not believe Mike is confused but sounds like someone is

I am assuming you are referring to me ;-)

...and the last direct reply to my explanation "rested my case" for 
me whether you knew it or not, LOL

How so?

I never said ATRAC degraded anything people can hear

You never said that, but it's true (at least for some people).

Next time you are in a hi fi shop ask for a demo and compare the same 
cd on a high end Onkyo or HK unit with high end speakers...

Most serious audio people would not consider Onkyo or HK to be "high end" 
-- there is little difference in audio quality between a good JVC CD 
player and a good HK CD player.

The guys jumping on the volume issue and claiming they never listen 
to theirs "that loud..."

By the way, that wouldn't be me...

Consumer reports and others who do honest evaluations will claim 
there is zero sound difference in CD players. I believed this for a 
long time but now realize their tests were flawed because they were 
listening to average speakers which are not capable of producing the 
differences.

Agreed. Consumer Reports is great for some things. But when it comes to 
"high-end" audio, they aren't very useful. They are good for people on 
very limited budgets trying to buy the "most reliable" unit out of a few 
inexpensive units that are all of pretty much equal quality. 


In any case, nothing should ever be noticed on an average system

Completely true, and that's what I've been saying from the beginning ;-)

...and only those of us willing to spend the bucks on speakers alone 
that most would flinch at for an entire home theater including a 
large screen tv would (or should) even care about such minute 
differences.

That's where I disagree. While the average consumer doesn't care, you 
don't have to spend obscene amounts of money just to get a "high-end" 
system that can reveal the differences.


Anyone who thinks they can hear a difference

...or who actually can...

would not believe anything other than what they hear anyway.

No, the issue isn't that people *think* they can hear a difference. The 
issue is that there *is* an empirical difference, and some people with 
some systems *can* hear the difference. If you can't, more power to you 
-- you enjoy the sound more than those people ;-)

...never mind that very expensive test equipment can't measure a lot 
of what we "think" we hear

Even the most expensive test equipment doesn't measure subtle differences 
well. The human ear is more sensitive than the most expensive "equipment" 
in the world.
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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-25 Thread PrinceGaz


 "J. Coon" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  I have one customer that pays double the price to get his CDRs
  colored red because he KNOWS they sound better
 
 Wow, he sure is a fool.  Everyone knows you need to use the GREEN
 MARKER. G

 LOL... good one. And don't forget to litter your listening room with
 those little black discs ;-)

You fools, the green marker improves playback when applied around
the edge of CD's, whereas the red CDs provide superior S/N ratio
(the noise being light) with the red discs as it comes through the
red layer.  It seems obvious to me that a combination of red discs
and green marker pens will make as much of a difference to CD sound
as erm, errr,

Oh no, what have I been saying, I'm mad I need help etc (the same
applies to other marker pen disc color believers).  Heheheh.

PrinceGaz.


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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-24 Thread Michael Jones


--- PrinceGaz [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: 
 
  Unless [a] I've completely misunderstood the principles of
 'masking'
  or [b] you're using an amp which really struggles to drive your
  speakers at high volume, and fidelity decreases anyway.
 
 
 Maybe more like your ears being beaten into submission at high
 volume
 levels, I would have thought!

Perhaps, yes.  The more I read the responses from Dan and Les (hi
guys!), the more I think we're just at cross-purposes regarding
working definitions of 'quiet' and 'loud'.  I think of a system
playing "very softly" as one providing background music (at these
levels, I'm sure I'd struggle to distinguish cassette, LP and CD,
never mind MiniDisc), whereas "loud" to me is not PA levels, but more
like 85-90dB SPL ('C'-weighted) at the listening position.  This is
loud as I ever dare play my system (yes, I know - what a shameful
waste of 125W Audiolab monoblocs...;).  The SPLs I experience wearing
headphones are probably a lot higher - but, again, analytical
listening just isn't conducted at 'cranked' levels - it's more of a
visceral thing at that point.  So, in that sense, perhaps Dan and Les
are right.  

[I'm moving to a new flat in the next few weeks... good point: it's
away from the incessant traffic noise I've had to endure for the last
18 months; bad point: I'll have neighbours above and below.  Back to
those headphones...]

Mike.

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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-24 Thread J. Coon


Les wrote:

 I have one customer that pays double the price to get his CDRs
 colored red because he KNOWS they sound better 


Wow, he sure is a fool.  Everyone knows you need to use the GREEN
MARKER. G


--
Jim Coon
Not just another pretty mandolin picker.
mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
If Gibson made cars, would they sound so sweet?

My first web page  

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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-23 Thread Michael Jones


--- Les [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:  

 Try hooking up a JVC CD player in your system and compare that to
 your NAD..

As I said earlier - all bets are off unless you compare like with
like.  In other words, the digital feeds from CD source and MD copy
routed through the *same* DAC (and one that is good enough to be
relatively immune to cable loading, jitter, etc).  Without doing that
we just can't say with any degree of confidence that the apparent
degradation in sound quality is due to ATRACing alone (or even at
all).

 there
 is near
 zero difference when listening at any real volume at all. 

I'm still trying to get my head around this.  If there are audible
artefacts associated with ATRAC, how come they show up at low
volumes, but all but vanish at high volumes?  This seems pretty
counter-intuitive.

Mike.

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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-23 Thread Dan Frakes


On Tue, 22 Aug 2000 10:39:46 -0700, "Les" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Guess what, any music in the hands of a consumer is in the end 
converted to analog since standard speakers can not convert 
digital information. This means each piece in the system used to 
reproduce sound has an effect and you have almost proved my 
point. You are asking a standard JVC deck to compete with your 
NAD. It aint gonna happen.

Try hooking up a JVC CD player in your system and compare that to your NAD..
While HDCD units themselves should not make a difference on non HDCD CD they
usually do for all the same reasons; the internal circuits are usually far
superior on these decks than a standard one.

Not necessarily true. JVC has a reputation for having some of the best 
"consumer-grade" CD and MD players on the market. In fact, for years JVC 
was the only mass-market company to have one of their players listed in 
Stereophile's "Recommended Components." My NAD CD player isn't 
top-of-the-line by any means. Is there a difference in quality? Sure. Is 
it the *real* reason I can hear differences? Not solely, and possibly not 
at all. I do have a receiver that has its own D/A converter. Maybe 
sometime I'll plug my MD player and my CD player into that, then run that 
line to my "main" stereo, just so that both will be using the same D/A 
converter.

But back to the real topic of this discussion, as I mentioned in my 
initial message, the comparison I outlined was just *one* example of 
situations where I can tell the difference between CD and MD. It's not 
the only one. My CD portable sounds better than my MD portable (even 
though the MD portable has a better headphone amp). Even on our JVC 9000 
mini-system with PSB speakers (which uses the *same* D/A converter for CD 
and MD), I can tell the difference. I was simply trying to provide one 
example that would, to some extent, be a bit more methodologically sound

The single largest difference folks are going to hear from MD to the next is
the deck that was used to record it.  This is not necessarily the ONLY
difference but it is the largest difference.  So, you can also try someone
else's MD recorded on at least an ES machine to listen to the difference.

As I've said, I disagree. Simply because of the compression involved, the 
CD and MD are going to be different. And as I've already mentioned, as 
long as there *is* a difference, there are going to be some people who 
can hear it. But (also as I've said before), this is really a silly 
argument, because we all agree that the sound quality is excellent ;-)
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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-23 Thread Dan Frakes


Michael Jones [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
there is near zero difference when listening at any real 
volume at all.

I'm still trying to get my head around this.  If there are audible
artefacts associated with ATRAC, how come they show up at low
volumes, but all but vanish at high volumes?  This seems pretty
counter-intuitive.

While I disagree with the previous poster that "there is near zero 
difference when listening at any real volume," he's correct to some 
extent that differences are often more "muted" the louder the volume. The 
human ear becomes less sensitive the louder the surrounding environment. 
You can easily hear a whisper in a quiet room, or even in a room with a 
bunch of people talking softly, but in a noisy room you can't at all. Not 
the best analogy, but similar -- if the artifacts of ATRAC compression 
are subtle, you may be able to hear them at low volumes but as the music 
gets louder it masks them.
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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-23 Thread Michael Jones


--- Dan Frakes [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:  
 
 You can easily hear a whisper in a quiet room, or even in a room
 with a 
 bunch of people talking softly, but in a noisy room you can't at
 all. Not 
 the best analogy

Well, not really an analogy at all.  The whisper remains a whisper
while the noise-level in the room goes up and swamps it.  But here,
we're talking about some kind of change in the character of the
signal due to ATRAC (whether it's weird artefacts accompanying low
bass, HF hash, loss of stereo imaging, whatever) - surely the louder
the playback volume, the more apparent the deviation from the
original reference?

 if the artifacts of ATRAC
 compression 
 are subtle, you may be able to hear them at low volumes but as the
 music 
 gets louder it masks them.

But you're raising the volume of the *whole* thing - surely the
artefacts are preserved (rather than obscured) in this process. 
Unless [a] I've completely misunderstood the principles of 'masking'
or [b] you're using an amp which really struggles to drive your
speakers at high volume, and fidelity decreases anyway.

I'm confused now.

Mike.

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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-23 Thread Les


Well

I do not believe Mike is confused but sounds like someone is and the last
direct reply to my explanation "rested my case" for me whether you knew it
or not, LOL...  I never said ATRAC degraded anything people can hear and do
not believe the modern versions do to any extent that a human ear can hear
it.

Next time you are in a hi fi shop ask for a demo and compare the same cd on
a high end Onkyo or HK unit with high end speakers then listen via the same
amp and speakers to a Technics or JVC and you will see (hear) EXACTLY what I
have been talking about.  The differences are so subtle you will only notice
it at a very low volume...The guys jumping on the volume issue and claiming
they never listen to theirs "that loud" have no idea what I tried to explain
because anyone will listen past the 10% level unless they are perhaps
pushing thousands of watts..

Consumer reports and others who do honest evaluations will claim there is
zero sound difference in CD players.  I believed this for a long time but
now realize their tests were flawed because they were listening to average
speakers which are not capable of producing the differences.  The same
should be reasonably expected from MD decks if such high end units even
exist.

I have 26 years experience in this stuff and some of the  "analogies" just
floor me.  I have one customer that pays double the price to get his CDRs
colored red because he KNOWS they sound better when they are the same disc
and dye; just a different reflective coating (which the red color reduces
reflectivity by the way) so if they sounded different at all (they do not)
he has the quality backwards, LOL...

In any case, nothing should ever be noticed on an average system and only
those of us willing to spend the bucks on speakers alone that most would
flinch at for an entire home theater including a large screen tv would (or
should) even care about such minute differences..  Now I am resting my own
case because I am tired of trying to explain this and think I gave it my
best shot anyway...Anyone who thinks they can hear a difference would not
believe anything other than what they hear anyway; never mind that very
expensive test equipment can't measure a lot of what we "think" we hear,
LOL..

Les
Music Mixers
www.musicmixers.com



- Original Message -
From: "Dan Frakes" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Wednesday, August 23, 2000 7:34 AM
Subject: Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality


 On Tue, 22 Aug 2000 10:39:46 -0700, "Les" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 Guess what, any music in the hands of a consumer is in the end
 converted to analog since standard speakers can not convert
 digital information. This means each piece in the system used to
 reproduce sound has an effect and you have almost proved my
 point. You are asking a standard JVC deck to compete with your
 NAD. It aint gonna happen.
 
 Try hooking up a JVC CD player in your system and compare that to your
NAD..
 While HDCD units themselves should not make a difference on non HDCD CD
they
 usually do for all the same reasons; the internal circuits are usually
far
 superior on these decks than a standard one.

 Not necessarily true. JVC has a reputation for having some of the best
 "consumer-grade" CD and MD players on the market. In fact, for years JVC
 was the only mass-market company to have one of their players listed in
 Stereophile's "Recommended Components." My NAD CD player isn't
 top-of-the-line by any means. Is there a difference in quality? Sure. Is
 it the *real* reason I can hear differences? Not solely, and possibly not
 at all. I do have a receiver that has its own D/A converter. Maybe
 sometime I'll plug my MD player and my CD player into that, then run that
 line to my "main" stereo, just so that both will be using the same D/A
 converter.

 But back to the real topic of this discussion, as I mentioned in my
 initial message, the comparison I outlined was just *one* example of
 situations where I can tell the difference between CD and MD. It's not
 the only one. My CD portable sounds better than my MD portable (even
 though the MD portable has a better headphone amp). Even on our JVC 9000
 mini-system with PSB speakers (which uses the *same* D/A converter for CD
 and MD), I can tell the difference. I was simply trying to provide one
 example that would, to some extent, be a bit more methodologically sound

 The single largest difference folks are going to hear from MD to the next
is
 the deck that was used to record it.  This is not necessarily the ONLY
 difference but it is the largest difference.  So, you can also try
someone
 else's MD recorded on at least an ES machine to listen to the difference.

 As I've said, I disagree. Simply because of the compression involved, the
 CD and MD are going to be different. And as I've already mentioned, as
 long as there *is* a difference, there are going to be some people who
 can

Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-23 Thread Dan Frakes


Michael Jones [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Well, not really an analogy at all. The whisper remains a 
whisper while the noise-level in the room goes up and swamps it. 
But here, we're talking about some kind of change in the 
character of the signal due to ATRAC (whether it's weird 
artefacts accompanying low bass, HF hash, loss of stereo 
imaging, whatever) - surely the louder the playback volume, the 
more apparent the deviation from the original reference?

That's what I meant by "bad analogy" ;-) Yes, the louder the volume, the 
louder the artifacts, but what I was trying to say was that the human ear 
lowers its sensitivity the louder the "noise" it hears. The louder the 
music, the less sensitive your ears are to "subtle artifacts."
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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-22 Thread Les


Hello

Guess what, any music in the hands of a consumer is in the end converted to
analog since standard speakers can not convert digital information.  This
means each piece in the system used to reproduce sound has an effect and you
have almost proved my point.  You are asking a standard JVC deck to compete
with your NAD.  It aint gonna happen..

Try hooking up a JVC CD player in your system and compare that to your NAD..
While HDCD units themselves should not make a difference on non HDCD CD they
usually do for all the same reasons; the internal circuits are usually far
superior on these decks than a standard one.

I used Rock and Roll for an example ONLY, cause that's just me.  And I am
not talking about very loud volumes for the subtle differences to disappear,
perhaps 10-15% of your systems power is usually enough for this to happen. I
will normally use some soft jazz or classical to demonstrate as it is easier
to hear differences (still can't hear any after a certain point)

The single largest difference folks are going to hear from MD to the next is
the deck that was used to record it.  This is not necessarily the ONLY
difference but it is the largest difference.  So, you can also try someone
else's MD recorded on at least an ES machine to listen to the difference.

In any case, as I mentioned I have sold a lot of folks, including more than
a few pro DJs on MD by proving to them in my own studio that there is near
zero difference when listening at any real volume at all.  Now if background
elevator music played very softly is your forte then I make no such claim.

Les
www.musicmixers.com


- Original Message -
From: "Dan Frakes" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, August 21, 2000 11:55 PM
Subject: Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality


 "Les" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 A lot of truth here but you might want to consider component quality
 and not just system quality. There are cd players and there are HDCD
 players of considerable quality difference. I have yet to see any of
 the so called really high end gear companies produce MD decks. I
 would venture to say that if you had a Sony ES CD deck and A Sony ES
 MD deck you should not be able to so readily hear a difference. From
 the sounds of your system I would bet your CD deck is either a pro
 model or very high end HDCD. Perhaps if you had a pro model or super
 high end MD deck (if indeed they are available) the comparison would
 be more fair. After all a Technics is not going to sound like a
 Harman Kardon or Onkyo, much less something better like a NAD! So, it
 is my firm opinion that your cd deck MUST be far superior to your MD
 deck if you can so easily tell a difference.

 My CD player is an NAD 502. A very good standalone player, but not a
 "pro" model (not sure what you mean by "pro"), nor is it a "very high end
 HDCD" (which won't make a difference on non-HDCDs). I don't have a Sony
 ES MD component for playback -- I use the line out on my JVC home unit or
 on my MZ-R50 -- but I personally think that in my system the limiting
 factor is the quality of the MD recording, not the playback unit.

 Except, I say again; when you turn the volume up to a normal rock and
roll
 level its going to take Superman to hear any difference at all; not just
 between formats but between any decent gear as well (providing the same
 quality speakers are being used, speakers being the most crucial of all
 audio components).

 True, but I don't listen to my rock music that loud ;-) And while turning
 up the volume on rock music can "drown out" the differences in sound
 quality, turning up the volume on classical pieces doesn't quite have the
 same effect. In fact, it often "shows" differences.

 Also, until about 3 months ago I would have agreed with you totally
 on MP3. Since audio is my profession I took another look and have
 found there are now extremely high quality MP3s on the net. When
 converted to waves and burned to CD they are about as good as
 anything, which is why there is now such a fuss about themn I guess.

 I have yet to find an MP3 that has quality good enough to compete with CD
 or MD, but that's just me ;-)


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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-21 Thread Les



  ===
  = NB: Over 50% of this message is QUOTED, please  =
  = be more selective when quoting text =
  ===

- Original Message -
From: "Dan Frakes" [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Sunday, August 20, 2000 12:51 PM
Subject: Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality


 On Sun, 20 Aug 2000 02:24:16 -0400, las [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 I am a little confused and disappointed by some of the things that I
 have read recently here on the list.
 
 I have always felt that the quality of an MD copied from a CD
 (digitally) is almost indistinguishable on equipment manufactured
 within the last year or 2.
 
 Now I am finding multiple comments from long time list members
 stating that there is on obvious difference in the quality between
 the original CD and the MD copy.
 [snip]
 I am interested in all opinions regarding lower end decks and
 portables. Also, the difference that people have noticed between CD
 and it's MD copy.

 OK, Larry, I'm game grin

 It all depends on your equipment. For the majority of people who use
 MiniDiscs, there is no audible difference. Most equipment that you buy at
 Circuit City or Best Buy just doesn't produce the differences. This is
 not intended to be "elitest" nor am I saying that you can't get good,
 satisfying sound from Circuit City or Best Buy. Millions of people are
 ecstatically happy with their Circuit City stereos, and I have absolutely
 no problem with that. I am simply stating an objective fact: you can only
 produce a certain level of audio quality within the constraints of
 mass-market audio components. And MD is good enough that within that
 market, it's difficult to tell the difference. However, on higher-end
 systems (or even with very good headphones) the difference in sound
 quality between CD and MD is often immediately audible.


 Let's put this discussion in perspective. My friends and I often debate
 whether or not MP3 is "CD-quality." They'll argue for hours that it is --
 then I go to their place and see that they're listening to CDs and MP3s
 on their computer with $30 Labtec speakers. Of course they sound the
 same! grin There exists a level of "system quality" below which they
 sound the same, and above which there is an audible difference in
 quality. Our discussion here is simply raising everything up to a higher
 level: even on a decent system, CD and MD may sound the same. However,
 there is still a threshold of system quality above which you will be able
 to hear the difference.



Have to give my 2 cents worth (again) on this one.

A lot of truth here but you might want to consider component quality and not
just system quality.  There are cd players and there are HDCD players of
considerable quality difference.  I have yet to see any of the so called
really high end gear companies produce MD decks.  I would venture to say
that if you had a Sony ES CD deck and A Sony ES MD deck you should not be
able to so readily hear a difference.  From the sounds of your system I
would bet your CD deck is either a pro model or very high end HDCD.  Perhaps
if you had a pro model or super high end MD deck (if indeed they are
available) the comparison would be more fair.  After all a Technics is not
going to sound like a Harman Kardon or Onkyo, much less something better
like a NAD!  So, it is my firm opinion that your cd deck MUST be far
superior to your MD deck if you can so easily tell a difference.

Except, I say again; when you turn the volume up to a normal rock and roll
level its going to take Superman to hear any difference at all; not just
between formats but between any decent gear as well (providing the same
quality speakers are being used, speakers being the most crucial of all
audio components).. Like I said before, you would need more bucks than you
spent on your gear for test equipment good enough to measure the differences
being discussed here.

Also, until about 3 months ago I would have agreed with you totally on MP3.
Since audio is my profession I took another look and have found there are
now extremely high quality MP3s on the net.  When converted to waves and
burned to CD they are about as good as anything, which is why there is now
such a fuss about themn I guess.  I would not give 2 cents for an MP3
player, however..

Les
www.musicmixers.com








 Our system at home consists of NAD separates and NHT and PSB speakers.
 I'm not even close to being wealthy, but audio quality is very important
 to me. I'm willing to spend a lot of time shopping so that I can get the
 best possible sound for my money. I'll make due with fewer features if it
 means better sound. So I spend quite a bit of time shopping for my system
 (and saving for it!), listening in audio shops, reading reviews,
 newsgroups, etc. In my opinion, I have the best system I could get for
 the money 

MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-20 Thread las


I am a little confused and disappointed by some of the things that I have read
recently here on the list.

I have always felt that the quality of an MD copied from a CD (digitally) is
almost indistinguishable on equipment manufactured within the last year or 2.

Now I am finding multiple comments from long time list members stating that
there is on obvious difference in the quality between the original CD and the MD
copy.

I no longer own a deck.  My 510 sat around collecting dust while I constantly
used my portables and with the advent of ATRAC3, I jumped at the chance to sell
mine of $150.00.  This price included the balance of a Circuit City ESP (which
cost $89 itself).

So if there is a noticeable difference between the 510 and my Denon R70 or my
never Aiwa F70 portable recorder, I'm screwed.

I am interested in all opinions regarding lower end decks and portables.  Also,
the difference that people have noticed between CD and it's MD copy.

I don't have the time to properly try and conduct A/B tests and since they would
not be blind, let alone double blind, psychoacoustics becomes a problem.

Thanks,
Larry

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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-20 Thread Stainless Steel Rat


* las [EMAIL PROTECTED]  on Sun, 20 Aug 2000
| I have always felt that the quality of an MD copied from a CD (digitally) is
| almost indistinguishable on equipment manufactured within the last year or 2.

Extend that back about to about 4 years, with the introduction of Sony
ATRAC 4.  Generally speaking, it is, modulo the quality of the playback
equipment.

| Now I am finding multiple comments from long time list members stating
| that there is on obvious difference in the quality between the original
| CD and the MD copy.

Who the hell cares?  MiniDisc is not about top-level audio quality (neither
is CD-DA, for that matter), it is about portability.  Any differences you
might hear out of your PSB Alphas is going to be irreproducible on the best
headphones that a portable unit can drive.  And even if they were, you are
going to be outside, in your car, in the gym, whatever, where external
noise is going to be worse than any "obviously" perceptible quality loss in
the encoding algorithm.

MiniDisc is superior to compact cassette in every way imagineable.  If you
agree then to hell with the "long-time list members" spurrious statements
about MD's audio quality.  If you do not, then stay the hell away from MD.
Simple as that, really.
-- 
Rat [EMAIL PROTECTED]\ Ingredients of Happy Fun Ball include an
Minion of Nathan - Nathan says Hi! \ unknown glowing substance which fell to
PGP Key: at a key server near you!  \ Earth, presumably from outer space.
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Re: MD: CD quality compared to MD quality

2000-08-20 Thread Dan Frakes


On Sun, 20 Aug 2000 02:24:16 -0400, las [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I am a little confused and disappointed by some of the things that I 
have read recently here on the list.

I have always felt that the quality of an MD copied from a CD 
(digitally) is almost indistinguishable on equipment manufactured 
within the last year or 2.

Now I am finding multiple comments from long time list members 
stating that there is on obvious difference in the quality between 
the original CD and the MD copy.
[snip]
I am interested in all opinions regarding lower end decks and 
portables. Also, the difference that people have noticed between CD 
and it's MD copy.

OK, Larry, I'm game grin

It all depends on your equipment. For the majority of people who use 
MiniDiscs, there is no audible difference. Most equipment that you buy at 
Circuit City or Best Buy just doesn't produce the differences. This is 
not intended to be "elitest" nor am I saying that you can't get good, 
satisfying sound from Circuit City or Best Buy. Millions of people are 
ecstatically happy with their Circuit City stereos, and I have absolutely 
no problem with that. I am simply stating an objective fact: you can only 
produce a certain level of audio quality within the constraints of 
mass-market audio components. And MD is good enough that within that 
market, it's difficult to tell the difference. However, on higher-end 
systems (or even with very good headphones) the difference in sound 
quality between CD and MD is often immediately audible.

Let's put this discussion in perspective. My friends and I often debate 
whether or not MP3 is "CD-quality." They'll argue for hours that it is -- 
then I go to their place and see that they're listening to CDs and MP3s 
on their computer with $30 Labtec speakers. Of course they sound the 
same! grin There exists a level of "system quality" below which they 
sound the same, and above which there is an audible difference in 
quality. Our discussion here is simply raising everything up to a higher 
level: even on a decent system, CD and MD may sound the same. However, 
there is still a threshold of system quality above which you will be able 
to hear the difference.

Our system at home consists of NAD separates and NHT and PSB speakers. 
I'm not even close to being wealthy, but audio quality is very important 
to me. I'm willing to spend a lot of time shopping so that I can get the 
best possible sound for my money. I'll make due with fewer features if it 
means better sound. So I spend quite a bit of time shopping for my system 
(and saving for it!), listening in audio shops, reading reviews, 
newsgroups, etc. In my opinion, I have the best system I could get for 
the money I spent (interestingly enough, my system actually cost less 
than some of the "super-systems" I see at Good Guys or Circuit City, but 
that's another discussion g). On *this* system, there is an audible 
difference between MDs and CDs.

I don't have the time to properly try and conduct A/B tests and since 
they would not be blind, let alone double blind, psychoacoustics 
becomes a problem.

I know you're a stickler for proper test methodology, Larry; as a 
researcher, I am, too. But here's an example that's better than most 
non-scientific comparisons. My girlfriend and I make MD copies of CDs 
that we listen to frequently so that we can take them with us. Our home 
system has both CD and MD. If we're at home and she wants to listen to an 
album we've recorded to MD, sometimes she uses the CD, sometimes she uses 
the MD. If I walk into the room, I can tell which one she is playing 
without knowing which one she inserted, without looking at the stereo, 
etc. In other words, I can tell by the way it sounds. It doesn't get much 
more "blind" than that. The only time I'm not sure is if I have never 
heard the original CD (which makes sense -- you need to have heard the 
original to tell if the copy is inferior). However, even then there are 
times when the music just "doesn't sound right" -- meaning the sound 
isn't as good as I would expect. There have been a number of times that 
I've pegged an MD even though I'd never heard the original CD. MD has a 
certain sound that I can often pick out on our home system.

All that said, I think we're making a big deal out of nothing here. The 
fact is that MD is a very good compressed copy of an original. It's good 
enough that most people won't be able to hear the difference. But as long 
as there *is* a difference, some people, because of better playback 
systems, better ears, whatever, will objectively be able to discern that 
difference. This phenomenon is not constrained to audio. People who test 
drive cars for a living can detect the sublest differences in the way two 
cars handle, while I can't feel much difference between a Civic and a 
Jeep g. I marvel at how much better the picture is when playing a DVD 
vs. an older VHS tape, but I have friends who claim they look exactly the 
same. In