[biofuel] article on Biofuel Oasis in Oakland Tribune

[girl mark]

>County's first biodiesel station cooks up alternative to gasoline
>
>Berkeley venture offers vegetable oil recycled as environmentally friendly 
>fuel
>
>By Kristin Bender, STAFF WRITER
>
>BERKELEY -- BioFuel Oasis, the first biodiesel station in Alameda County, 
>doesn't have a pump or those handy packaged wet wipes for your hands like 
>a typical filling station.
>
>There's no squeegee to wash your windshield.
>
>And no place to buy coffee.
>
>What BioFuel Oasis of Berkeley sells is biodiesel and nothing but 
>biodiesel -- recycled vegetable oil from restaurants and potato chip 
>factories that's making a second appearance as an alternative fuel.
>
>Available in only 10 retail spots in the state, biodiesel powers any car 
>or truck that will run on diesel, including any Mercedes Benz, old 
>Volkswagens and new Volkswagen TDIs and trucks, said BioFuel Oasis 
>founders Jennifer Radtke, 33, of Oakland and SaraHope Smith, 37, of Berkeley.
>
>At $2.90 a gallon, the fuel still isn't cheaper than gas. But it's far 
>better for the environment, producing 50 percent fewer emissions than 
>standard diesel, studies show.
>
>"It's a little more expensive, but it runs clean and I find that it 
>performs in the engine. I have a little more torque," said biodiesel user 
>Michael Caldwell, who sells cars and drives a 2002 Volkswagen Golf Turbo 
>Diesel GL. Caldwell averages about 40 miles to the gallon with biodiesel, 
>far better than what a similar car with a gas engine gets, he said.
>
>In January 2003, Berkeley became the first city in the nation to convert 
>to biodiesel for 200 municipal cars used by firefighters, police, Health 
>and Human Services workers and Public Works crews.
>
>Last week, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency awarded the city the 
>"environmental award for outstanding achievement" in efforts to protect 
>the environment.
>
>Biodiesel is generally made from domestically produced vegetable oil, 
>often soy oil.
>
>Some biodiesel users claim the fuel gives off an aroma like French fries 
>or donuts. Radtke said it smells "like an oil fryer."
>
>Studies show that burning biodiesel significantly reduces the impacts on 
>global warming, smog and asthma. The cleaner-burning fuel produces 80 
>percent less greenhouse gasses than gasoline.
>
>"It's simple: You can touch it, it's non-flammable, it's really safe. It's 
>this totally amazing thing to use as fuel," Radtke said. "It's totally 
>unlike anything you think of as fuel."
>
>But even in the green and clean Bay Area, biodiesel isn't widely available.
>
>According to Radtke and Smith, both members of the Berkeley Biodiesel 
>Collective, and a check of 
>www.biodiesel-
> 
>
>
>.org, the site of the National Biodiesel Board, there are fewer than a 
>dozen retail fueling sites in California. Golden Gate Petroleum in 
>Martinez and West-
>
>ern States Oil in San Jose both provide biodiesel to the public.
>
>"We want to make biodiesel a legitimate alternative for whomever -- for 
>soccer moms, for business people, for anyone whose values are aligned with 
>ours, and who thinks it's the right thing to do," Smith said.
>
>"One of the factors (for supporting biodiesel) was we are going to war for 
>oil. That does not compute in my sense of logic," added Smith, who runs an 
>after-school program and does landscape gardening when she's not working 
>at BioFuel Oasis.
>
>Both women drive cars that run on biodiesel. Although the partners said 
>they are only "covering their rent" with the money they're making, 
>greenbacks can be had in sustainable fuel, said Pat O'Keefe, vice 
>president of Golden Gate Petroleum, a fuel distributor.
>
>"Compared to regular petroleum, it's a very small demand," O'Keefe said. 
>"But our volume seems to be doubling every year. But it still has a long 
>way to go. It's a small portion of our business."
>
>O'Keefe said there is enough demand for his company to open a second 
>retail outlet in Richmond this summer.
>
>Radtke and Smith hope to install a pump this summer and generate more 
>business. For now, they sell the biodiesel in 5-gallon plastic "carboys." 
>The women are currently working to secure city permits and raise a few 
>thousand dollars to upgrade the business.
>
>To that end, they have designed a "founding members program" to fill the 
>piggy bank.
>
>"Our founding members program is our answer to non-venture capitalism," 
>Smith said. A donation buys a spot in the "founding members program," the 
>chance to autograph a future pump, a founding members membership card and 
>a keepsake bottle of boutique biodiesel, possibly in a rosemary or 
>cilantro flavor.
>
>"Biodiesel and Sustainability" panel discussion 7 to 9 p.m. today at 
>BioFuel Oasis, 2465 Fourth St. A $5 to $15 donation is requested. For more 
>information on BioFuel Oasis or its hours, call 665-5509.
>
>Kristin Bender covers Berkeley. E-mail her at 
>

[biofuel] Re: High-Speed Chase

[f150_351m]

--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Keith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> http://tompaine.com/feature2.cfm/ID/10229
> 
> High-Speed Chase
> 
> Helen Gonzales is the policy director of USAction's Corporate Truth 
> Squad. USAction is a progressive activist organization, dedicated
to 
> winning social, racial and economic justice for all. It represents 
> three million members in 34 affiliates, with statewide
organizations 
> in 24 states.



Hmmm. . . I think he is a little lacking in research.  Have you read
the actual investigation report on the cars?
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/problems/studies/Cro
wnVic/CrownVic021003.html
>From that link you can get to some of the other NHTSA documents where
the research doesn't support the Ms. Gonzales' article.  Feel free to
read this also:
http://www.thecarconnection.com/index.asp?article=6797

Numbers Don't Damn Crown Vic
The controversy over burning cop cars has overwhelmed the facts.
by Mike Davis   (2004-01-26)
 

>From the dawn of mankind, the force of nature we have feared most is
fire.

Sometimes, though, one has to wonder if there aren't those who'd like
to fan the flames to turn the spark into a conflagration. As we've
watched so much seemingly damning media coverage of fires involving
the Ford Crown Vic emerge in recent months, TheCarConnection felt it
critical to keep a cool head and take a closer look at the statistics
and the full story.

Is the Crown Vic matter really a case of a callous - or perhaps
incompetent - automaker, or one of greedy plaintiffs attorneys
smelling smoke, or something in between?

Complex problem

This is a complicated subject, and you'll have to bear with me as I
take you through what I believe to be the significant aspects for car
enthusiasts. By the way, all of the following, and much more, can be
found by laboriously surfing the Web.

The issue in the attack on Ford Crown Victoria - specifically the
Police Interceptor (CVPI) and generally all of Ford's "Panther" cars -
is placement of the fuel tank. It's between the rear wheels and the
frame rails, forward of the deep trunk compartment and spare tire, and
aft of the rear axle. Critics say it should be "moved" to the front of
the axle, i.e., into the passenger compartment, ignoring the
driveshaft in the center that moves up and down with the solid rear
axle.

We'll get to all the numbers later, but basically an almost freak
series of three highly publicized deaths in fires from high-speed rear
impacts to Ford police cars took place in Arizona in a relatively
short time. Local and state authorities naturally wondered if there
was a fixable flaw in these cars, something they could do to answer
local critics. Coincidentally, the Arizona attorney general was
running for governor and chose to make a campaign issue out of CVPI
safety.

As a result, Ford experts sat down with a panel of police experts from
around the country to find solutions to both real and perceived
problems with the cars. Ford also had issued several Technical Service
Bulletins over the years for some fixes believed to reduce the chance
of fuel tank puncture. Out of the meetings came a series of other
recommendations to state legislators and police agencies. Several
states now have passed laws requiring motorists to give wide berths to
parked highway police cars.

The panel also found that police, especially highway patrolmen, tend
to carry a lot of equipment in their trunks, which if unwisely stored
can make bad rear-enders worse. In one particular case, a crowbar
being carried in fore-and-aft position punctured a CVPI gas tank in a
"mere" 40-mph rear crash. So not only did Ford issue a bulletin to
police agencies advising them to mount equipment carefully, it also
developed a heavy-duty plastic equipment holder to fit in the trunk,
in which to mount the typical stuff cops carry.

The case before Ford

Let's get back to the real case against the CVPI alleging a safety
defect because of a seemingly high number of anecdotes concerning
police and civilian car rear-impact fire-fatalities. There are several
questions that have to be answered calmly and this is precisely what
the Office of Defect Investigations (ODI) of the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) undertook to find out in an
eleven-month study released late in 2002.

To put things in overall perspective, in a separate report in 2003,
NHTSA announced there were 42,815 traffic crash fatalities in 2002,
including 37,232 vehicle occupants.  Of the 58,113 fatal vehicle
crashes, only 1710 or 2.9 percent, involved fire occurrence. But that
does NOT mean fire caused the fatality only that fire was involved.
The fatality might have been from impact or from ejection, for
example. Or the victim even could have been a bystander.

According to the NHTSA report (which you can download if you want to
wade through it yourself), there were only 17,000 crash fires among
more than ELEVEN MILLION reported crashes last year.

Thus, despit

Re: [biofuel] Re: "The Myth of the 3,000 Mile Oil Change"

[Aidan Wilkins]

Hello,

As an extra note with the ranger.  I have a 1987 with 310, 000 km
shooting for 400, 000 km +
and the most oil I use is 500 ml every 5, 000 km.  The engine misses a
little on idle, but works great otherwise.
I just need a new box.  :)

Just a note.

Aidan


- Original Message -
From: "robert luis rabello" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: 
Sent: Sunday, April 18, 2004 5:22 PM
Subject: Re: [biofuel] Re: "The Myth of the 3,000 Mile Oil Change"


>
>
> murdoch wrote:
>
> > We have two pictures painted for us.  One by you, of a woman who just
> > let things go and it didn't work out.  Robert tells us the story of a
> > man who carefully filtered and stayed on top of the oil that was in
> > there.  That seemed to work out for him.
>
> If oil analysis wasn't so expensive, it would be a good thing to
> have a sample checked during the filter change, if someone was
> interested in going this route.  (But it's still cheaper to change the
> oil than to have it analyzed.)  Two other things must be added to this
> discussion.  The first is that proper filtration is a MUST (no stand
> alone factory "by pass filters"--a topic which has been extensively
> explored in this forum several months ago), and secondly, computerized
> fuel injection, coupled with high energy ignition systems, seem much
> more gentle on an engine than was true in the carburetor days.  Precise
> control over the fuel load limit and more effective spark have gone a
> long way toward limiting deposits within the cylinder.  Witness that my
> Ranger, with over 167 000 kilometers on it, is still not burning any
> oil.  I remember a time when gasoline engines simply didn't last that
> long without needing to be rebuilt.  The metallurgy hasn't changed
> significantly over that time--it's the fuel and spark that seems to make
> the difference.
>
snip...




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Re: [biofuel] Energy Policy: Supreme Court Hears Cheney Secrecy Case

[murdoch]

On Wed, 28 Apr 2004 06:21:38 +0900, you wrote:

>Hi MM
>
>Very much agree with you, but it would be nice to see the guy getting 
>a legal roasting for it, along with his pals - he's probably not 
>going to get an electoral one, sad to say. Not very likely either, I 
>know.
>
>Some of the ins and outs are discussed here:
>
>http://tompaine.com/feature2.cfm/ID/10308
>Wasting Energy
>Attorney Andrew Cohen analyzes legal issues for CBS News and CBSNews.com.
>
>Bes
>
>Keith

Thanks, I read this story, and I understand better now the case that
the plaintiffs think they have.  I mean, I'm not sure if I agree, but
I can see how, if there was a law enacted requiring disclosure of
meetings with parties if they were private or something, then it's a
law and The Energy Group should have seen to it that they adhered.


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[biofuel] preheating WVO for water heater reactorRe: Kevin Shea

[girl_mark_fire]

My suggestion for folks who only have thick oil available or people 
who need to dewater is the following (sorry no photos of this design 
available yet):

take a closed-head (ie with two bungs rather than the type with a 
removable lid) drum and turn it upside down.

Cut off what used to be the bottom- the plain end without bungs.I cut 
them using a sawzall.

Take the end with bungs, and attach plumbing this way:

smaller bung: use threaded pipe, a ball valve, and hose to turn the 
small bung into a drain for this tank

bigger bung:
get a plumbing adaptor called a 'bushing' that goes from a 2" to a 1" 
plumbing size
buy an electric water heater heating element (they are in many 
hardware stores), a small aluminum c-clamp, a selftapping screw, an 
electric plug, and some electrical cord (I use heavier 12 gauge or 10 
gauge only). 


Thread the water heater element into the bushing. I wrap the threads 
with teflon tape, and I don't  use the rubber gasket that comes with 
the element.

Wire it as follows: white and black wires of the cord go to either 
screw of the heating element, it doesn't matter which as long as 
you're using the white and black wires
green wire: that's the ground. This is important. You want to make a 
way to attach the green wire to the barrel in case there's a short and 
someone's touching the barrel.

I take the selftapping screw and drill it into the small aluminum 
c-clamp. I then make sure I have a few inches of green wire sticking 
out from the heating element assembly, and I wire the green wire to 
the selftapping screw. Presto, you've got a barrel ground clamp.

wire the plug according to standard US wiring nstructions: gold screw 
on the plug gets the black wire, and silver screw on the plug gets the 
white wire, and GREEN screw on the plug gets the green wire.

assembling: use LOTS of teflon tape and thread the bushing/heating 
element  into the 2" bung. Assemble the drain valve into the 3/4 inch 
bung. 

Take the c-clamp and clamp it securely to the rim of the bottom of the 
barrel.


Insulate the whole thing as well as you possibly can- you';ll save a 
LOT of energy if you use adequate insulation. I use 5 or 6 inches of 
bubblewrap insulation sometimes on these barrels.
Be aware that the terminals on the heating element are electrically 
live- don't ever grab the barrel while the element is plugged in. I 
now also use a sort of cover on it- a rubber/plastic housing from 
another replacement plug, which is clamped over the cord and keeps 
fingers out of the live terminals.

I'll post some photos on Veggieavenger.com/media sometime.

the way this barrel works with the water heater reactor is that you 
can connect the barrel's drain tube to the drain/fill tube of the 
reactor, close off the reactor's other lower valves, and turn on the 
pump to fill the reactor. The good thing about the oil heat barrel is 
that you can use to fill the reactor with thick or solid oil, or you 
can use it to store WVO before you make a batch. Again, this lets you 
use the reactor's nonselfpriming pump for every step of the process...

Running 240V elements on household 120V current will give you 1/4 the 
wattage, but 120V replacement elements (1500 or 1650 watts) are 
available as well.

Mark

--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, "Kevin Shea" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 
> 
> > Mr Shea,  I saw your message and I also was wondering about a
> > seperate "processor" for incoming raw if you will, wvo.  I came up
> > with a poly drum that I had with two 4500 watt water heater
> > elements.  If you go with a thermostate, you won't get them hot
> > enough, least mine didn't, so I went w/o it and set them on a
> > reostate (a30amp one is strong enough) and I can get 225 degree 
plus
> > out of it.  My barrel has sides strong enough to run the elements
> > into and
> 
> Thanks for the info.
> Where do you get the two  4500 watt heaters?  Canabolized water 
heater?
> I saw the horror when heater elements heat too much on poly drums or 
poly
> conacle tanks.  Why not go all metal on the incoming raw WVO tank?   
Is 225F
> too hot for poly?  I'm pretty sure 140F, poly starts to "melt" away. 
 I
> assume the 225F is in the water heater module temp?
> 
> 
> > the set up and it works great.  I do 25 gals at a time and thats 5
> > gal of meth/lye mix at a time and get around 22 gal or so back.
> 
> Sounds like 25 gal batches is the way to go for me.  I can just pour 
the 5
> gal meth from the container, since I purchase meth in 5 gal pails-no 
need to
> measure!




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[biofuel] electric heating elements and oil burning , and plastic Re: Kevin Shea

[girl_mark_fire]

no, the elements don't burn the oil to any point that matters (you'll 
get black stuff on the element but ffa content is unaffected) and a 
preheat tank does not need to be stirred, so it can just be a plain 
(metal!) barrel without a circulating pump. 

Neither does the water heater processor need to be stirred during it's 
preheating stage, and you should to avoid methanol fumes/pressure 
buildup danger, turn off the heat once you're ready to add methanol to 
the tank... 

It's all about good insulation to keep the heat in once you've turned 
off the heating element.  use lots of insulation!

ON the burning oil issue: the disadvantage of using a separate oil 
preheat barrel that is not the reactor, is that the heating element 
gets a buildup of black stuff especially if the oil is full of starch 
from food. I'mn not sure if the black stuff would shorten the life of 
your heating elemetn, I've never burned one out. (they do burn out 
from being turned on while not completely covered in liquid though)

But in a reactor this buildup doestn' happen, as the process of making 
biodiesel removes the black stuff (which ends up in the glycerol along 
with any other heavy solid matter).


 by the way I haven't seen FFA content go up very much from 'boiling 
off water'- I don't think it's a problem (lately I've been dewatering 
using 6000 watt heating elemetns- which is about as hot as an eletric 
water heater element can get). But you should re-check the titration 
after you've boiled off water to be sure.


mark



--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Keith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> 
> A lot of people don't like the combination of poly drums and heating 
> elements, and indeed there have been reports of fires with such 
> processors.


some good photos of this problem and the fire at www.veggieavenger.
com/media in a thread about 'the problem with plastic processors' or 
something like that.




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Re: [biofuel] Preprocessing WVO via centrifuge?

[Robert Del Bueno]

>
>
> > Even fabricating a spinning drum (within a catch drum)..with adjustable
> > outlets on the perimeter, center of bottom, and input via top
> > (otherwise
> > closed) seems like it could be worth looking into...
>
>washing machine?


Hmm...good thought! ok..so why not? Seal the inner basket of a washing 
machine, add two adjustable outlets (opposite each other for 
balance)these could even  be pressure adjustable. Drip waste oil in 
from top. Have a draw tube in the center, reaching just below the top of 
the spinning oil line.
Adjust the input rate and output rates to match, and this could basically 
be continuous.
Periodic cleaning would be needed, but not that often.

Maybe reshape the inner basket to be slightly curved, wider at the 
equator...placing outlet along equator... or even better... just make the 
inner basket wider at the bottom..more like a spinning cone...heaviest 
solids and water content will be forced to the bottom, place output along 
vertical wall at bottom.
Draw tube just below oil fill line. Filler tube could be run below oil fill 
line..about mid-height...
Is this ridiculous?
Sounds like a fun experiment anyway..as discarded washing machines are easy 
to find! May mess with for the fun, and let you know what happens
-Rob






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Re: [biofuel] High-Speed Chase

[Darryl McMahon]

You would think after the Pinto fiasco of the 1970's and early 80's, Ford of 
America would be the last automaker to be caught with rear-collision gasoline 
tank 
problems today.  I know I'm paraphrasing someone, but I can't remember who or 
the 
exact quote; the automakers don't make cars, they make money.

I remember reading somewhere that after the first Pinto problems were made 
known to 
Ford senior management, they made a conscious decision not to change the design 
- 
they believed the cost of the lawsuits and awards would be less than the cost 
of 
changing the cars (including the recall).  The human suffering caused did not 
enter 
into the decision.  

It isn't enough to fine companies like this for contempt of court or damages or 
fraud.  We need to look inside the corporation (pierce the veil), and charge 
people 
at senior levels with criminal negligence causing death.

Darryl McMahon

To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com
From:   Keith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date sent:  Wed, 28 Apr 2004 06:12:02 +0900
Subject:[biofuel] High-Speed Chase
Send reply to:  biofuel@yahoogroups.com

> http://tompaine.com/feature2.cfm/ID/10229
> 
> High-Speed Chase
> 
> Helen Gonzales is the policy director of USAction's Corporate Truth 
> Squad. USAction is a progressive activist organization, dedicated to 
> winning social, racial and economic justice for all. It represents 
> three million members in 34 affiliates, with statewide organizations 
> in 24 states.
> 
> 
> Police officers don't drive their cars like the rest of us. Even the 
> most casual TV watcher will be familiar with the car chases on 
> California state highways filmed by helicopter, or the hapless 
> drunken joyrides of petty criminals on the TV show Cops.
> 
> These pursuits are very often brought to a close by a police 
> officer's white cruiser ramming the crook off the road. When they are 
> on call, police ignore traffic laws and crash their cars if they have 
> to-it's a part of their job. So it's fair to assume that their 
> vehicles should be outfitted for demolition derby conditions without 
> endangering the lives of the officers who drive them.
> 
> Unfortunately, one of the most popular cruiser models purchased by 
> police departments in America-Ford's Crown Victoria Police 
> Interceptor-is not equipped to withstand rear-end crashes even at 
> regular speeds, costing the lives of at least 14 police officers 
> since 1992, four of whom died in 2002 alone. These deaths occurred 
> because of a poor design feature in the Crown Victoria-the car's fuel 
> tank is located behind the rear axle within the car's "crush" zone. 
> Rear-end collisions to the Crown Victoria have the potential of 
> puncturing the fuel tank, causing dangerous leaks and explosions.
> 
> This is exactly what occurred to one police officer, Jason 
> Schecterle, who was rear-ended by a taxicab in 2001. His cruiser 
> ignited in flames almost immediately after the crash, and Schechterle 
> suffered serious burns to his head and hands. His recovery has 
> required amputation of two of his fingers, 30 surgical procedures and 
> ongoing cosmetic surgery.
> 
> This problem extends beyond bad engineering-Ford has known about the 
> problem in its cruisers since at least 1999, and has made efforts to 
> conceal its guilt and liability instead of properly addressing the 
> design flaws. When concerns about the design of the Crown Victoria 
> began to come to light as a result of class action suits in 2003, 
> Ford Motor Company made misleading claims about engineering 
> improvements and tests it ran to make the Crown Victoria safer.
> 
> Ford claimed that retrofits that added fuel tank shielding and a 
> Kevlar liner to the Crown Victoria cruiser trunk met a 75-mph 
> rear-crash standard-even boasting in a marketing piece that police 
> car purchasers should challenge other competing manufacturers to meet 
> that standard. The sad truth is that Ford never even tested its Crown 
> Victoria retrofit. The city of Dallas ran its own crash tests on the 
> "upgraded" Crown Victoria and found that though fuel tank punctures 
> were in fact less likely, the greater possibility was that rear-end 
> crashes would cleave the tanks in half-a much more deadly scenario.
> 
> Officers like Schechterle and the families of officers who were 
> killed in rear-end Crown Victoria crashes have not seen inspired and 
> responsible action taken by the Ford Motor Company. It has taken 
> efforts by investigative news reporters and police organizations, as 
> well as class-action lawsuits against Ford filed by crash victims and 
> their families, to retrieve internal documents and receive honest 
> testimony about Ford's corporate misdeeds. Meanwhile, Ford has 
> adopted the dark art of evading corporate guilt. In 2003, Ford tried 
> to deter thousands of potential officers from joining a class-action 
> suit in Illinois by hiring 

[biofuel] magnetic refrigeration

[tallex2002]

Hi all,

I thought that these article archives would be of interest to some
members. Great strides would be made in
energy efficiency, an economical way to liquify hydrogen and 
environmental benefits could be some of the results if this
technology is brought to market. Some of these sources are 5
years old so they have been working on these devices for several 
years.

regards



http://www.external.ameslab.gov/news/release/2001rel/01magneticrefrig.
htm



Contacts: 
 
Karl Gschneidner, Jr., Metallurgy and Ceramics, (515) 294-7931
Kerry Gibson, Public Affairs, (515) 294-1405

MAGNETIC REFRIGERATOR SUCCESSFULLY TESTED
Ames Laboratory developments push boundaries of new refrigeration
 technology

Using materials developed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames
 Laboratory, researchers have successfully demonstrated the
 world's first room temperature, permanent-magnet, magnetic 
refrigerator. The refrigerator was developed by Milwaukee-based
 Astronautics Corporation of America as part of a cooperative
 research and development agreement with Ames Laboratory.

Instead of ozone-depleting refrigerants and energy-consuming
 compressors found in conventional vapor-cycle refrigerators,
 this new style of refrigerator uses gadolinium metal that 
heats up when exposed to a magnetic field, then cools down
 when the magnetic field is removed.

"We're witnessing history in the making," Ames Laboratory 
senior metallurgist Karl Gschneidner Jr. says of the
 revolutionary device. "Previous successful demonstration
 refrigerators used large superconducting magnets, but 
this is the first to use a permanent magnet and operate
 at room temperature."

Initially tested in September at the Astronautics Corporation
 of America's Technology Center in Madison, Wis., the new 
refrigerator is undergoing further testing. The goal is to
 achieve larger temperature swings that will allow the 
technology to provide the cooling power required for 
specific markets, such as home refrigerators, air conditioning,
 electronics cooling, and fluid chilling. 

According to Gschneidner, who is also an Anson Marston
 Distinguished Professor of materials science and engineering
 at Iowa State University, the magnetic refrigerator employs
 a rotary design. It consists of a wheel that contains
 segments of gadolinium powder ö supplied by Ames Laboratory
 ö and a high-powered, rare earth permanent magnet. 

The wheel is arranged to pass through a gap in the magnet
 where the magnetic field is concentrated. As it passes 
through this field, the gadolinium in the wheel exhibits
 a large magnetocaloric effect ö it heats up. After the
 gadolinium enters the field, water is circulated to draw
 the heat out of the metal. As the material leaves the 
magnetic field, the material cools further as a result of
 the magnetocaloric effect. A second stream of water is
 then cooled by the gadolinium. This water is then 
circulated through the refrigerator's cooling coils. 
The overall result is a compact unit that runs virtually 
silent and nearly vibration free, without the use of
 ozone-depleting gases, a dramatic change from the 
vapor-compression-style refrigeration technology in
 use today.

"The permanent magnets and the gadolinium don't require
 any energy inputs to make them work," Gschneidner said,
 "so the only energy it takes is the electricity for 
the motors to spin the wheel and drive the water pumps." 

Though the test further proves the technology works, two
 recent developments at Ames Laboratory could lead to
 even greater advances on the magnetic refrigeration
 frontier. Gschneidner and fellow Ames Laboratory 
researchers Sasha Pecharsky and Vitalij Pecharsky have
 developed a process for producing kilogram quantities
 of Gd5(Si2Ge2) alloy using commercial-grade gadolinium. 
Gd5(Si2Ge2) exhibits a giant magnetocaloric effect which
 offers the promise to outperform the gadolinium powders
 used in the current rotary refrigerator. 

When the alloy was first discovered in 1996, the process
 used high-purity gadolinium and resulted in small
 quantities (less than 50 grams). However, when 
lower-quality commercial-grade gadolinium was used,
 the magnetocaloric effect was only a fraction, due 
mainly to interstitial impurities, especially carbon.
 The new process overcomes the deleterious effect of 
these impurities, making it viable to use less 
expensive commercial-grade gadolinium to achieve 
roughly the same magnetocaloric effect as the original
 discovery. 

At the same time, Ames Lab researchers David Jiles and
 Seong-Jae Lee, along with Vitalij Pecharsky and 
Gschneidner, have designed a permanent magnet configuration
 capable of producing a stronger magnetic field. The
 new magnet can produce a magnetic field nearly twice
 as high as that produced by the magnet used in the 
initial refrigerator, an important advance since the
 output and efficiency of the ref

[biofuel] Women's Homebrew Biodiesel Class, May 6 and 7th, Berkeley CA

[girl mark]

Real Women Make Biodiesel: Women's Homebrew Biodiesel Workshop

Thursday, May 6 and Friday, May 7th, 6-9 pm
(On May 7th, come with snack food at 5:30, for an optional question and 
answer discussion on topics from the previous day)

With Maria 'Mark' Alovert and Pamela Beitz

Space limits the class size at this site. for directions and to register, 
please email [EMAIL PROTECTED]
$20-$50 sliding scale, no one turned away for lack of funds.

Come to a backyard based biodiesel homebrew site in north Berkeley to see 
biodiesel homebrewing in action with an all-women's biodiesel class.

  We will make a batch of fuel and will get to see several of the steps of 
post-reaction processing, as this class takes place over two evenings and 
we will be able to do our batch of fuel in 'real-time'.  We will also 
discuss equipment building, and will partially build a water-heater-based 
reactor to illustrate. Co-taught by a metalworker, there will be an 
emphasis on the mechanical and equipment fabrication side of homebrew 
biodiesel, geared towards women who are complete novices at 
plumbing/fabrication.

This fast-paced class will demonstrate oil testing, biodiesel reaction 
chemicals and safety, test batches you can do at home, biodiesel processing 
using the site's reactor, materials handling, quality testing, washing, 
acid-base two-stage biodiesel and biodiesel equipment. There will be a lot 
of student practice during the class. Bring closed-toe shoes and long 
pants/long sleeves, and safety glasses if you have them.

Later in the fall we will run this class as a longer four-day Intensive at 
another Bay Area site. Please email me if interested.



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]




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[biofuel] Re: High-Speed Chase

[Brian]

Unfortunately, it appears that Ford learned a lesson with the 
Pinto.  Just the wrong lesson.

Brian

--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Keith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> http://tompaine.com/feature2.cfm/ID/10229
> 
> High-Speed Chase
> 
> Helen Gonzales is the policy director of USAction's Corporate 
Truth 
> Squad. USAction is a progressive activist organization, dedicated 
to 
> winning social, racial and economic justice for all. It represents 
> three million members in 34 affiliates, with statewide 
organizations 
> in 24 states.
> 
> 
> Police officers don't drive their cars like the rest of us. Even 
the 
> most casual TV watcher will be familiar with the car chases on 
> California state highways filmed by helicopter, or the hapless 
> drunken joyrides of petty criminals on the TV show Cops.
> 
> These pursuits are very often brought to a close by a police 
> officer's white cruiser ramming the crook off the road. When they 
are 
> on call, police ignore traffic laws and crash their cars if they 
have 
> to-it's a part of their job. So it's fair to assume that their 
> vehicles should be outfitted for demolition derby conditions 
without 
> endangering the lives of the officers who drive them.
> 
> Unfortunately, one of the most popular cruiser models purchased by 
> police departments in America-Ford's Crown Victoria Police 
> Interceptor-is not equipped to withstand rear-end crashes even at 
> regular speeds, costing the lives of at least 14 police officers 
> since 1992, four of whom died in 2002 alone. These deaths occurred 
> because of a poor design feature in the Crown Victoria-the car's 
fuel 
> tank is located behind the rear axle within the car's "crush" 
zone. 
> Rear-end collisions to the Crown Victoria have the potential of 
> puncturing the fuel tank, causing dangerous leaks and explosions.
> 
> This is exactly what occurred to one police officer, Jason 
> Schecterle, who was rear-ended by a taxicab in 2001. His cruiser 
> ignited in flames almost immediately after the crash, and 
Schechterle 
> suffered serious burns to his head and hands. His recovery has 
> required amputation of two of his fingers, 30 surgical procedures 
and 
> ongoing cosmetic surgery.
> 
> This problem extends beyond bad engineering-Ford has known about 
the 
> problem in its cruisers since at least 1999, and has made efforts 
to 
> conceal its guilt and liability instead of properly addressing the 
> design flaws. When concerns about the design of the Crown Victoria 
> began to come to light as a result of class action suits in 2003, 
> Ford Motor Company made misleading claims about engineering 
> improvements and tests it ran to make the Crown Victoria safer.
> 
> Ford claimed that retrofits that added fuel tank shielding and a 
> Kevlar liner to the Crown Victoria cruiser trunk met a 75-mph 
> rear-crash standard-even boasting in a marketing piece that police 
> car purchasers should challenge other competing manufacturers to 
meet 
> that standard. The sad truth is that Ford never even tested its 
Crown 
> Victoria retrofit. The city of Dallas ran its own crash tests on 
the 
> "upgraded" Crown Victoria and found that though fuel tank 
punctures 
> were in fact less likely, the greater possibility was that rear-
end 
> crashes would cleave the tanks in half-a much more deadly scenario.
> 
> Officers like Schechterle and the families of officers who were 
> killed in rear-end Crown Victoria crashes have not seen inspired 
and 
> responsible action taken by the Ford Motor Company. It has taken 
> efforts by investigative news reporters and police organizations, 
as 
> well as class-action lawsuits against Ford filed by crash victims 
and 
> their families, to retrieve internal documents and receive honest 
> testimony about Ford's corporate misdeeds. Meanwhile, Ford has 
> adopted the dark art of evading corporate guilt. In 2003, Ford 
tried 
> to deter thousands of potential officers from joining a class-
action 
> suit in Illinois by hiring a litigation communications firm to 
write 
> a brochure that claimed the crash tests conducted by the city of 
> Dallas were rigged. Ford then had the brochures mailed to law 
> enforcement agencies that purchased the Crown Victoria in the 
> state-ignoring the presiding judge's orders not to do so.
> 
> Despite its efforts to the contrary, Ford is being forced to 
assume 
> responsibility for covering up this deadly design flaw.
> 
> The dozens of class-action suits filed against Ford have helped to 
> reveal that the Crown Victoria Police Interceptor model has a rate 
of 
> fatal collision fuel-fed fires far higher than other police 
cruiser 
> models. Ford's internal studies showed that its Crown Victoria 
caused 
> 140 percent more fuel-fire deaths than the competitive GM police 
> model, and was 200 percent deadlier than Ford's own family sedan, 
the 
> Escort.
> 
> Without the class-action suits that brought the Crown Victoria's 
> flaws to light through 

[biofuel] Power from the bottom line

[wireline]

http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/04/26/1082831478217.html
Power from the bottom line
  April 26, 2004 - 12:38PM


   
 



Human waste could be turned into a new renewable energy source, scientists 
believe.

Scientists have developed a device that generates electricity from human waste.

The Microbial Fuel Cell devised by American researchers at Pennsylvania State 
University uses bacteria to break down waste, liberating electrons in the 
process.

Normally the electrons would power respiratory reactions in the bacterial cells 
and be combined with oxygen molecules.

But the MFC wrestles the electrons away from the bacteria and uses them to 
power a circuit.

"There are extraordinary benefits if this technology can be made to work," 
Bruce Rittmann, an environmental engineer at Northwestern University in 
Illinois, told New Scientist magazine.

The device consists of a sealed can, 15 cm long, containing a special 
arrangement of electrodes.

Organic waste is pumped in and broken down by clusters of bacteria. By 
depriving the bacteria of oxygen, electrons are freed to set up a voltage 
between the electrodes.

Previous attempts to produce electricity in this way have only run on glucose 
solutions. 




The current design produces only a 10th of what the researchers calculate the 
potential power output of the system could be, said New Scientist.

Even so, if scaled up, the device would produce 51 kilowatts of power from the 
waste produced by 100,000 people.

Microbiologist Derek Lovley, from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 
USA, believes generating power from waste on a large scale is a long way off.

"One way to think of this technology is that it is currently at the state of 
development that solar power was 20 to 30 years ago," he said.

"The principle has been shown, but there is a lot of work to do before this is 
widely used."

DPA 

Copyright  © 2004. The Sydney Morning Herald.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]




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Re: [biofuel] Biodiesel Class Tour... coming Re: biodiesel class

[rico suavae]

Yea, I know Homewood.Had a girlfriend in East Hazelcrest once.Moved to New 
Orleans and came back about 12years ago to Indiana.Had some friends in Kokomo 
awhile back.Lost touch.
I hope girl mark or something else jumps off.I'm a little skittish to go it 
alone in a town without some pratice first.
I've got a thirsty Ford E350 I want to try it out on.
 Paul

Brian <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Hey Paul.

Central Indiana, a little north of Indy.  I grew up just a little 
ways across the IL border from you, in Homewood.  It's good to see 
fellow midwesterners here.  

Brian

--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, rico suavae <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hey Brian! Actually i'm in nw ind.in Whiting,right on the 
lake.Whereabouts are you?
>
  Paul
> 
> Brian <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> If you do end up doing anything in the Chicago area, please let 
the 
> list know as well.  I'm in Indiana, and would definitely be 
> interested in coming to a workshop.
> 
> Brian
> 
> --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, rico suavae <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
wrote:
> > I'd be intrested in anything that turns up around the Chi 
Town/tri 
> state area.Please contact me off list.
> > Paul
> > 
> > girl_mark_fire <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > I've gotten quite a flurry of off-list interest from people in 
> other 
> > areas of the country who want to host a workshop due to my 
> biodiesel 
> > class 'tour' rumors. Here's some of my other plans:
> > 
> > -Im going to Albuquerque and Tucson in May to tie up some loose 
> ends 
> > from my past, and would love to stop and teach a workshop or two 
> > elsewhere in the Southwest, like Flagstaff or Phoenix or Silver 
> City 
> > or Southern Colorado perhaps (won't go further than Albuquerque 
> though 
> > this time around...)
> > 
> > 
> > -I'm flying (ie no equipment, and therefore no classes) to the 
NBB 
> > meeting in Washington DC on July 12  and 13th, and a few of us 
are 
> > talking about having a small-scale commercial producers' 
> > dinner/get-together on one of the evenings during that meeting. 
> I'll 
> > post details if this happens, and they will be discussed at www.
> > groups.yahoo.com/group/local-b100-biz
> > 
> > -Then I'm co-teaching at SEI (the incredible solar technology 
> > education center in Colorado, www.solarenergy.org I believe) 
with 
> > Martin of Boulder Biodiesel Coop in late July. This should be a 
> great 
> > class- a five-day (?)biodiesel camp- and I'd also like to find a 
> > student who is going there who would like to build equipment as 
> part 
> > of the class.
> > 
> > Then I'm leaving from there and coming to the Midwest to do a 
tour 
> in 
> > August (the options so far for me are madison, chicago, st 
louis, 
> > milwaukee possibly), and then I'd like to end up in North 
Carolina 
> > (asheville, boone? and Triangle area) for a few weeks (early 
> > september?) and therefore could swing up to Virginia someplace 
if 
> > there was interest for a class up there.
> > 
> > The same deal applies as the Tucson class announcement: I can do 
a 
> > regular day-long (or longer minicourse) class in basics of 
> biodiesel 
> > homebrewing, and if people think there is interest, I can do an 
> > equipment building class. 
> > 
> > I'm missing out on a job to do this in August (and my old truck 
is 
> > wearing out!), so I'd need to charge something for these 
classes, 
> > which is usually $20-$50 per student per day for the ones I do 
in 
> > California. (I run the pre-registration/advertising, and bring 
> > everything needed for the class, and I have to put in quite a 
few 
> full 
> > days of prep for the equipment class especially). 
> > 
> > I can also (to afford this tour) simply build reactors for 
> individuals 
> > who don't want to coordinate a class but are are 'along the 
route'. 
> > I've done a few of these already and I charge $200 labor, on top 
of 
> > your equipment costs. I think I'm bringing a small MIG welder 
with 
> me 
> > on the August tour so some custom tank work is possible. I'll 
> probably 
> > be traveling with another biodieseler or two but it won't be 
like 
> > inviting the whole Rainbow Family to your farm or anything scary.
> > 
> > More on the Midwest stuff later as I make more firm plans.
> > 
> > thank you everybody for the interest in this!
> > mark
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Grahams <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > > 
> > > Gee if you want to do one of those workshops in VA, we would 
> > volunteer!
> > >
> > > Caroline
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> > http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
> > 
> > Biofuels list archives:
> > http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
> > 
> > Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
> > To unsubscribe, send an email to:

[biofuel] Re: 78 mercedes 300d

[biobenz]

I personally have a 240D 1983 Mercedes Diesel 4 speed manual and 
aside from it's woeful lack of get up and go (no turbo) it is a 
charm. Despite it being a heavy car (3500 LBS)it is still pretty 
good, and will easily hold highway speeds for hours (I've done it).
It has a bit a rust and I have done some minor repairs (non-
mechanical)to it but mostly it is original. I am very much looking 
forward to giving it a gift of clean BD in the near future :)
I still see plenty of 300D's around and they all look in good shape, 
so if you can get one, DO IT ! Mid eighties is good as the 
workmanship is inspiring.

Actually I first found journeytoforever.org via a link to a Mercedes 
Owner's Group that a friedn emailed to me and while snooping the 
forums I became engrossed in this thing called "Biodiesel", and one 
thing led to another, and well,hopefully very soon the rest will be, 
as they say, history.
Wanna check out some nice MB's ?
http://www.dhc.net/~pmhack/mercedes/models.htm

Have a nice day.


--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Jesse, Ed, John & James,
> 
> Thanks for your advice on the mercedes.
> 
> Sometimes I can't get over all of the help available from this 
group, 
> the free advice etc.  I am very impressed.
> 
> I hope I will be able to return at least some of it one day.
> 
> Pierre
> 
> 
> 
> --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Neoteric Biofuels Inc <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
> wrote:
> > I'd suggest you get a turbodiesel if you are getting a 300D.
> > And also, try to find one that has not been "redone" in any way. 
> There  
> > are plenty of very nice rust free Florida, California, and BC 
rust 
> free  
> > examples, it is worth the trip to get a good one.
> > 
> > If you cannot afford the turbodiesel, the older 300D non-turbo 
is 
> still  
> > a great choice, and better than the newer 190D by far, but again 
> be  
> > sure to get one that's got a good history (one or two owners, no 
> body  
> > work, no "redone interior" etcif its been cared for at all, 
and 
> is  
> > not from the rust belt, it does not need to be redone. They were 
> built  
> > to last.
> > 
> > Edward Beggs
> >




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[biofuel] Potassium Hydroxide Titration ?

[biobenz]

Don't ya just love these newbie questions? Ok, the info on titration 
at journeytoforever talks about 1 gr lye in deionized water (1 
liter).

One thing I've not seen posted is if the standard 1.4 rule applies 
here as well for potassium hydroxide, as in 1.4gr potassium 
hydroxide per 1 liter deionized water for titration ?

I would think that it would, but not being sure I figured I'd look 
silly by ansking rather than looking stupid for not :)
And Keith, thanks again for your heads up about washing the test 
batch; that gets done first thing in the Am.
The seperated BD (pre-wash) is quite dark though, nothing near as 
clear as the examples you linked to. It is almost as though they 
tossed in a bunch of soya sauce at the last moment knowing I was 
coming and wanting to play a funny on me :o)! Anyway, I'll give it a 
plunge and see what develops.




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Re: [biofuel] OT: Worldwide Publicly Traded Sustainable Technology or Conservation Investments

[murdoch]

A good one, in my view.   

I seem to recall having run across them some months or years ago, but
in any event only got to re-examining them a day or two ago.

Part of the problem has been that it has been very slow going, over
the years, in getting access to information to (and the ability to
purchase) non-U.S. and non-Canadian securities.  

Whether for purposes of buying in one's account or researching news or
discussing a stock index, there just seems to be this slowly fading
line that has been hard to cross.

The best I was able to do the last few days was stock symbol ANA.MC on
yahoo.  If someone has trouble going through yahoo, I think
bloomberg.com is also a decent resource for this sort of mainstream
European or Asian stock research.  

ANA.MC (the 'MC' standing for Madrid or something) on yahoo is
Acciona, a Spanish company, which apparently owns half of EHN.
Unfortunately , I think this is a very diluted way to invest in EHN,
because Acciona has other activities.

Here is discussion of who owns EHN:
http://www.acciona.es/ingles/energia.htm

Another angle here is that EHN has some inter-workings with other
companies, but I have not got far enough in researching it to figure
out one that would be a good pure play and fit our parameters.  But I
did bookmark ANA.MC, in a similar way to having bookmarked DTE, where
I count them as being a large utility-ish sort of company, having a
fractional interest in renewable technologies sufficient to warrant my
interest.




On Tue, 27 Apr 2004 16:45:35 +, you wrote:

>Hi,
>
>How about EHN - Energia Hidroelectrica de Navarra
>
>http://www.ehn.es/eng/index0.html
>
>"A leading group in renewables"
>-- Wind Power, Small Hydro, Biomass, Solar, and Bioclimatic Architecture
>
>I have no idea how one would invest in the company, perhaps through the 
>Spanish stock market.
>
>Derek
>
>
>
>> On Wed, 21 Apr 2004 18:00:13 -0700, you wrote:
>> 
>> >Does anyone here have any ideas for investments in stocks (anywhere in
>> >the world... does *not* have to be North America) that have a good
>> >sustainable technology or energy technology or conservation angle?  
>>
>
>
>Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
>http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
>Biofuels list archives:
>http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
>
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Re: [biofuel] Re: OT: auto safety tips

[rico suavae]

Michael,
 At the bottom of your disertation you wrote;for the rest of the 
information".Shouldn't that have been"for the rest of my opnion"?
Paul

Michael <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
"In case you hadn't noticed, I have not commented on my thoughts on
abortion.  I agree that it is not a subject relevant to this board.
While I find political discussion related to energy concerns to be
quite appropriate to this board (just my opinion, others are, of
course, free to disagree), I can't find a connection between energy
issues and abortion or gun control.

Brian"

Dear Brian,

Gun control and abortion have to do with population.  Population
has a lot to do, with whether we can solve our energy challenges!
Very Respectfully,

Michael
http://www.RecoveryByDiscovery.com

Have you ever noticed, that those that support the "right to life", often
support the "right to guns", and often support our "right to kill', for
their prisoners and often do not support "welfare". Then, those that support
the "right to choice", often support "gun control", and often support "right
to life", for their prisoners, and do support "welfare". What is going on,
at our deeper levels?  Notice that both sides, can support some form, of
right to life, and right to choice.  It just depends what the life is for,
and what the choice is for

For the rest of the information, see:
http://recoverybydiscovery.com/abortion.htm




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Re: [biofuel] Heating tank to boil water/fatty acids to WVO before processing 10 gal batches

[Kevin Shea]

Hello Keith
Thanks for your help and input.

> I'm not sure what you mean by breaking down fatty acids. Ideally
> they're triglycerides (three chains joined by a glycerine molecule),
> your biodiesel process will convert them to mono-alkyl esters (single
> chains with a methanol molecule). When triglycerides break down due
> to heat or oxidation one or more chains split off to become Free
> Fatty Acid molecules, leaving di- and mono-glycerides. More FFAs
> means more soap and lower yields, and more difficult processing.

Sorry, I mispoke, I mean breaking-down crystalized "lumpy" oil that will be
a problem coming this Fall season.  As long as in a design mode to create an
efficiant processor, I'm trying to provide a way to include potential WVO
senerios and incorparate solutions into the final design.  This include
receiveing WVO with water, as the "kid" from the restuarant didn't bother to
put the lid on the WVO reclaim drum and
>
> This is one of several reasons given for NOT boiling the oil to
> remove the water content - there's a danger of the high temps
> creating more FFAs. Other reasons are that it might not work very
> well (some of the water in fat molecules isn't removed that way), and
> that it's a waste of energy.
>
> Instead, try heating the oil to 130-140 deg F, keep it here for 15
> minutes, then let it settle overnight, draw the oil off from the top.
> If you find that's not satisfactory then try boiling the water off.
>
> Before doing either of those, check if it's even necessary - WVO
> doesn't always contain water, or perhaps only minute quantities that
> might not matter. Put some in a saucepan and heat it on a stove while
> stirring and checking the temp. If it starts to snap-crackle-and-pop
> at around 130 deg F it will need dewatering, if not it probably
> won't. If it still doesn't crackle at 160F or so, it should be fine
> without a dewatering step.
>
> One way for the boiling-off method not to be a waste of energy is to
> use the heat for processing - let it cool off and start the process
> when it's fallen to the right process temperature, 130F or whatever.
> Looked at that way, the heat-and-settle method might use as much
> energy as you'll have to re-heat it for processing the next day.
>
> Anyway, as far as breaking down crystallised fatty acids is
> concerned, unless your WVO is for oil with a high melting point or
> contains a lot of tallow, it shouldn't be an issue. Just go ahead and
> process it, it will all have melted long before it reaches processing
> temperature. If you have to deal with very cold winters (sounds like
> you might have to) then you can do different things for summer and
> winter biodiesel. This is from our Biodiesel in winter page:
>
> http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_winter.html
>
> Winterized biodiesel
>
> Some people find their WVO biodiesel starts to gel at around 4-5 deg
> C (40 deg F). This is because any saturated fats/oils in the WVO will
> crystallise (solidify) at higher temperatures than unsaturated fats
> and oils and separate out, clogging the filter. That includes tallow,
> lard, palm oil, etc.
>
> To make WVO biodiesel for winter, heat the oil first, then cool it to
> near 0 deg C (32 deg F); the saturated fats will crystallise out and
> sink to the bottom. Use the clear oil off the top to make winter
> biodiesel, keep the stuff at the bottom for summer. But even this
> "winterized" biodiesel still won't go much below -5 deg C (23 deg F)
> without gelling.
>
> >I'm hoping to construct this proposed 15 gal metal drum with electric
heaters,
>
> Why do you want to use electricity? You could make a "Turk" type
> burner and burn the glycerine cocktail by-product instead, much
> cheaper and doesn't waste energy, and no need to fear an open flame
> (any more than usual) as there's no methanol involved at this stage.
>
> Best
>
> Keith
>
>
> >but could really use some help with what heaters I need and possibly
> >vendor info that could  heat batches?  I would like this to be
> >electric and not heated by a flame source.
> >
> >Any help.
> >Send pictures to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> >
> >
> >Thank you,
> >Kevin Shea
>
>
>
>
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
> Biofuels list archives:
> http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
>
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Please

[biofuel] newbie question, are there any biodiesel manufacturing plant plans available

[rb4no]

hello all,
I have noticed there are many articles and web sites / discussion 
groups such as this one that promotes the use of biofuels. I for one 
am very interested in biodiesel and would consider constructing a 
biodiesel plant for home use. The only problem that I've encountered 
is that although techniques and materials have been discussed I have 
failed to find somewhere that tells me exactly what I need and how  
to build such a system i.e. some plans. I know I can purchase a 
system off the shelf but these result expensive as I'm in continental 
europe. 

I would appreciate if someone out there is able to offer some DIY 
plans even at a cost.

many thanks,

Richard




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Re: [biofuel] newbie question, are there any biodiesel manufacturing plant plans available

[Hakan Falk]

Richard,

Cannot belive that you missed to visit the owner site for this list, plenty 
of plans and instructions there.
Link at bottom on every message.

Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html


Hakan



At 10:28 28/04/2004, you wrote:
>hello all,
>I have noticed there are many articles and web sites / discussion
>groups such as this one that promotes the use of biofuels. I for one
>am very interested in biodiesel and would consider constructing a
>biodiesel plant for home use. The only problem that I've encountered
>is that although techniques and materials have been discussed I have
>failed to find somewhere that tells me exactly what I need and how
>to build such a system i.e. some plans. I know I can purchase a
>system off the shelf but these result expensive as I'm in continental
>europe.
>
>I would appreciate if someone out there is able to offer some DIY
>plans even at a cost.
>
>many thanks,
>
>Richard




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[biofuel] (unknown)

[tazmaniantoo]

Art,  To be honest with you, I really don't know what the barrels 
that I have are made of.  I got them at least ten years ago and used 
them for brewing beer and later to transport diesel to my dredge 
in.  They are dark yellow and a good 1/4 to 5/16 thick.  In running 
them I used the two elements simply for one reason, the burned oil.  
If you have two  that operate at a low temp vs one at a high temp, 
the chances of burned oil are reduced.  I guess I should add that I 
have a circulating pump that runs at the same time gently 
circulating the oil from bottom to top.  Anyway, the oil tha I have 
been picking up does not have that much water in it and it is always 
at the bottom and is easily detected and I just simply do not draw 
it up into my transfer barrel.  Hasn't been a problem for me.  
Didn't really mean to stir up a hornets nest

One other thing that I am toying with, is my spa has a inline heater 
that I have replaced three times in the last ten years and its just 
a 45oo watt hot water heater element inside a 3" PVC pipe 18" long.  
the lines feeding and out are 1" and I am toying with making a 
processor using this idea as a heater.  Now I have a 30 gal hot 
water heater and it works well.  I want to go to 300gal batches 
which should give me around 225 finished product ( I meant 300 gal 
tank, using 250 gal wvo).  I am using the bd on my farm in a John 
Deer 4020.  runs good.Jimb




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[biofuel] Centerfuge

[tazmaniantoo]

Robert,  Try looking for a used fuel centerfuge out of a work boat.  
I am a 200 ton boat captain and there are certerfuges that are used 
to clean the fuel and seperate water on the tugs that I have worked 
on.  No one uses them with the advent of the racor filters as the 
water is seperated and comes to the bottom and is drained out 
daily.  I know the centerfuges are in the neighborhood of $4500 new 
and thats a small one.  They are slow but do work.  cant see why it 
would not work on wvo.   jimbull




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[biofuel] NYT Article - US Farm Subsidies Impact Developing World

[desertstallion]

Those Illegal Farm Subsidies

Published: April 28, 2004

http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/28/opinion/28WED1.html?th
 
America's lavish handouts to its farmers harvest poverty throughout the 
developing world. And they are illegal as well. That's the conclusion of a 
World Trade Organization panel that heard Brazil's challenge to the cotton 
subsidies that belie this nation's commitment to free and fair trade.

Cotton is far from the only crop that American farmers are able to dump on the 
international market at low prices thanks to federal subsidies. But it is one 
of the most outrageous cases. Brazil was wise in choosing it as the first 
target in the developing world's challenge of the roughly $1 billion a day in 
subsidies that rich nations dole out to their farmers. If the preliminary 
ruling stands, as expected, it may mean the beginning of the end for European 
and American practices that provide their farmers an unfair advantage.

In addition to Brazil, an agricultural superpower, some of the world's poorest 
nations, including the West African republics of Mali, Benin and Burkina Faso, 
are vindicated by the W.T.O.'s decision. Cotton is West Africa's cash crop, the 
one economic activity in which the region has a competitive advantage. By 
underwriting much of the costs of America's 25,000 cotton farmers with checks 
that can total $3 billion a year, Washington erases that advantage. Aided by 
American experts who are critics of this warped system, Brazil convincingly 
argued that in the absence of subsidies, the United States would have produced 
and exported substantially less cotton than it did in recent years. 
Consequently, growers elsewhere would have enjoyed greater market share and 
higher prices.

The glaring contradiction between American farm subsidies and the principles 
underlying the global trade system has long posed a moral and political problem 
for Washington. Now it is also a legal problem. Instead of digging in its heels 
and spending years appealing the panel's ruling, the Bush administration needs 
to seize upon it as a reason to negotiate the surrender of rich nations' 
trade-distorting farm subsidies.

The administration has a mixed record on this issue. It offered proposals to 
start weaning corporate farmers off their subsidies two years ago ÷ admittedly 
after approving a farm bill that exacerbated the problem. Then it backed away 
in the face of strong opposition from Congress and the European Union. That 
retreat not only hurt the poor nations' farmers, but also American taxpayers, 
consumers and most business interests, including more competitive farmers. 

The W.T.O.'s talks on the further liberalization of trade faltered over the 
subsidy issue at Cancœn last year, but this week's ruling will vastly 
strengthen the position of Brazil and others advocating the dismantling of 
agricultural subsidies that distort trade. The sooner they prevail, the better. 





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RE: [biofuel] newbie question, are there any biodiesel manufactur ing plant plans available

[Mark McElvy]

Try this http://www.veggieavenger.com/media


-Original Message-
From: rb4no [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
Sent: Wednesday, April 28, 2004 3:29 AM
To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [biofuel] newbie question, are there any biodiesel manufacturing
plant plans available

hello all,
I have noticed there are many articles and web sites / discussion 
groups such as this one that promotes the use of biofuels. I for one 
am very interested in biodiesel and would consider constructing a 
biodiesel plant for home use. The only problem that I've encountered 
is that although techniques and materials have been discussed I have 
failed to find somewhere that tells me exactly what I need and how  
to build such a system i.e. some plans. I know I can purchase a 
system off the shelf but these result expensive as I'm in continental 
europe. 

I would appreciate if someone out there is able to offer some DIY 
plans even at a cost.

many thanks,

Richard





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Yahoo! Groups Links



 



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Re: [biofuel] Potassium Hydroxide Titration ?

[Keith Addison]

>Don't ya just love these newbie questions?

I don't mind, I'm sure nobody minds... Better than not asking them. Feel free.

>Ok, the info on titration
>at journeytoforever talks about 1 gr lye in deionized water (1
>liter).

See also:
Better titration
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html#bettertitrate

>One thing I've not seen posted is if the standard 1.4 rule applies
>here as well for potassium hydroxide, as in 1.4gr potassium
>hydroxide per 1 liter deionized water for titration ?

More about lye
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html#lye

KOH is not as strong as NaOH -- use 1.4 times as much KOH (actually 
1.4025 times). Titration is the same, just use a 0.1% KOH solution 
instead of NaOH solution, and use 1 gm of KOH for every milliliter of 
0.1% solution used in the titration. But instead of the basic 3.5 
grams of NaOH lye per liter of oil, use 3.5 x 1.4 = 4.9 grams of KOH. 
So, if your titration was 5 ml, use 5 + 4.9 = 9.9 gm KOH per liter of 
oil.

One more complication -- check the purity of your KOH, it's generally 
not as pure as NaOH. Anhydrous grade KOH flake is usually about 92%, 
sometimes less -- check the label. We use half-pearls assayed at 85%. 
Adjust the basic quantity accordingly: the basic 4.9 grams would be 
5.8 (5.775) grams for 85% KOH, or 5.3 (5.33) grams for 92% KOH.

KOH dissolves in methanol much more easily than NaOH does, and 
doesn't "clump" together as NaOH can do.

---

Okay?

There are two ways of doing it. You can do a KOH titration as above, 
or do an NaOH titration and then apply the conversion rate to get the 
right KOH quantity. I've done it both ways with exactly the same 
result.

>I would think that it would, but not being sure I figured I'd look
>silly by ansking rather than looking stupid for not :)

:-) I think lots of list members have remarked that the only dumb 
question is the one you don't ask.

>And Keith, thanks again for your heads up about washing the test
>batch; that gets done first thing in the Am.
>The seperated BD (pre-wash) is quite dark though, nothing near as
>clear as the examples you linked to. It is almost as though they
>tossed in a bunch of soya sauce at the last moment knowing I was
>coming and wanting to play a funny on me :o)! Anyway, I'll give it a
>plunge and see what develops.

Hm, shouldn't be too dark. Is it brownish of reddish? Reddish could 
mean not very good completion. But you'll find out with the wash, and 
the wash test.

Best wishes

Keith



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Re: [biofuel] Power from the bottom line

[Keith Addison]

See also:

http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns4761
New Scientist
Plugging into the power of sewage
19:00 10 March 04
http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/32758/

Researchers at Pennsylvania State University hope to simplify the
process of generating power from wastewater, using a fuel cell based
on microbes. In Penn State's microbial fuel cell, the wastewater is
passed between the terminals of the fuel cell. As naturally occurring
bacteria in the water oxidize the waste, they also pass electrons to
the anode of the fuel cell, producing an electrical current. So far,
the researchers have generated between 10 and 50 milliwatts of power
per square meter of electrode while removing about 78 percent of the
organic matter in the wastewater. See the
http://live.psu.edu/story/5717
Penn State press release.
http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/32519/

Continuous electricity from bacteria oxidizing biomass
Tue, 18 Mar 2003
BACTERIA THAT CAN PRODUCE ELECTRICITY
http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/22632/

Food Scraps to Power Bacteria-Driven Battery
10/09/02
http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/17406/



>http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/04/26/1082831478217.html
>Power from the bottom line
>  April 26, 2004 - 12:38PM
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Human waste could be turned into a new renewable energy source, 
>scientists believe.
>
>Scientists have developed a device that generates electricity from 
>human waste.
>
>The Microbial Fuel Cell devised by American researchers at 
>Pennsylvania State University uses bacteria to break down waste, 
>liberating electrons in the process.
>
>Normally the electrons would power respiratory reactions in the 
>bacterial cells and be combined with oxygen molecules.
>
>But the MFC wrestles the electrons away from the bacteria and uses 
>them to power a circuit.
>
>"There are extraordinary benefits if this technology can be made to 
>work," Bruce Rittmann, an environmental engineer at Northwestern 
>University in Illinois, told New Scientist magazine.
>
>The device consists of a sealed can, 15 cm long, containing a 
>special arrangement of electrodes.
>
>Organic waste is pumped in and broken down by clusters of bacteria. 
>By depriving the bacteria of oxygen, electrons are freed to set up a 
>voltage between the electrodes.
>
>Previous attempts to produce electricity in this way have only run 
>on glucose solutions.
>
>
>
>
>The current design produces only a 10th of what the researchers 
>calculate the potential power output of the system could be, said 
>New Scientist.
>
>Even so, if scaled up, the device would produce 51 kilowatts of 
>power from the waste produced by 100,000 people.
>
>Microbiologist Derek Lovley, from the University of Massachusetts at 
>Amherst, USA, believes generating power from waste on a large scale 
>is a long way off.
>
>"One way to think of this technology is that it is currently at the 
>state of development that solar power was 20 to 30 years ago," he 
>said.
>
>"The principle has been shown, but there is a lot of work to do 
>before this is widely used."
>
>DPA
>
>Copyright  © 2004. The Sydney Morning Herald.



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[biofuel] EERE Network News -- 04/28/04

[keith]

 

A weekly newsletter from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) 
Office of Energy Efficiency and 
Renewable Energy (EERE).

April 28, 2004

<#news>News and Events

<#6819>DOE Awards $350 Million for Hydrogen Energy Research
<#6816>Executive Order Launches California's "Hydrogen Highways"
<#6817>California Power Agency Seeks 4 Megawatts of Solar Power
<#6818>Connecticut to Buy 20 Percent Green Power by 2010
<#6820>American Architects and DOE Announce Awards on Earth Day

<#site>Site News

DOE Launches New Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program Web Site

<#energy>Energy Connections

Nine Companies Plan to License Advanced Nuclear Plant Design



News and Events

DOE Awards $350 Million for Hydrogen Energy Research

President Bush announced Monday that DOE is awarding 32 new hydrogen 
research projects a total of $350 million over five years to overcome 
obstacles to a hydrogen economy. Private funding will add another 
$225 million to support the projects, which involve more than 130 
organizations, including academia, industry, and DOE national 
laboratories. The award represents nearly one-third of the 
President's $1.2-billion commitment in research funding to bring 
hydrogen and fuel cell technology from the laboratory to the 
showroom. "We want to be the country that leads the world in 
innovation and technological change," said President Bush. See the 
White House
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/04/20040426-6.html
press release and
http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/technology/economic_policy200404/chap2.html
detailed announcement.

 
Framed by a mock hydrogen fuel pump, Secretary Abraham announces the 
DOE awards at NREL. The Secretary also made announcements in Detroit 
and Los Angeles.
Credit: Jack Dempsey

Though previewed in President Bush's speech, the actual DOE awards 
were announced on Tuesday by Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham. The 
awards will help establish three "Centers of Excellence" for hydrogen 
storage research at DOE national laboratories: Los Alamos National 
Laboratory and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory will combine 
forces to investigate chemical means of hydrogen storage, Sandia 
National Laboratories will investigate metal hydrides, and the 
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) will investigate storage 
in nanoscale "sponges" made of carbon. Together, the three centers 
will tackle DOE's "Hydrogen Storage Grand Challenge": storing enough 
hydrogen in a car to enable it to go at least 300 miles on a fill-up 
without impacting cargo or passenger space.

In addition, 15 individual projects will investigate aspects of 
hydrogen storage; 5 projects will research fuel cells for off-road 
applications, auxiliary power generation, and consumer electronic 
devices; and 4 projects will advance hydrogen energy education. Last, 
but definitely not least, five teams of automakers and energy 
companies-including the top U.S. automakers-will demonstrate fleets 
of fuel-cell vehicles integrated with hydrogen refueling stations. 
See the
http://www.energy.gov/engine/content.do?PUBLIC_ID=15725&BT_CODE=PR_PRE 
SSRELEASES&TT_CODE=PRESSRELEASE
DOE press release.

DOE has also been working to educate government officials and 
students around the country about hydrogen energy. DOE's hydrogen 
education workshop for state and local officials kicked off in 
Lansing, Michigan, on March 23rd and then visited Austin, Texas, on 
April 16th. Called "Hydrogen Power: The Promise, The Challenge," the 
workshop will next travel to Albany, New York, and Annapolis, 
Maryland, and will finish with visits to cities in the Southeast and 
Northeast in the fall. Meanwhile, David Garman, DOE's Assistant 
Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, spoke about 
fuel cells to eighth graders at Star Academy MS-201 in the Bronx last 
week. The New York City students are building fuel-cell-powered model 
cars using kits provided by DOE. See the DOE press releases on the
http://www.energy.gov/engine/content.do?PUBLIC_ID=15601&BT_CODE=PR_PRE 
SSRELEASES&TT_CODE=PRESSRELEASE
workshops and the
http://www.energy.gov/engine/content.do?PUBLIC_ID=15711&BT_CODE=PR_PRE 
SSRELEASES&TT_CODE=PRESSRELEASE
school visit.

Executive Order Launches California's "Hydrogen Highways"

California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed an executive order 
last week that creates a public and private partnership to build a 
"hydrogen highway" in the state by 2010. The Hydrogen Highway Network 
initiative aims to speed the transition to a hydrogen transportation 
economy in California by building a network of 150 to 200 hydrogen 
fueling stations throughout the state-roughly one every 20 miles on 
the state's major highways. The order also calls on the California 
Environmental Protection Agency to develop a plan by year-end for the 
state's transition to a hydrogen economy. Thanks to the efforts of 
California agencies and transit systems, several automakers, and the 
Californ

[biofuel] KoH Titration - Keith

[biobenz]

Thanks for setting me straight on that. I must've forgotten that I 
read that as I HAVE been through it before. (alas, old age and the 
memory thing...)
Ok, I did the 150ml oil 150ml water in the jar and shook it up 
pretty well and after 30 minnutes got a top of bubbles, a mid 
section of creamy cafe-au-lait, and a bottom of milky white water.
The seperated oil was rather amber in colour, not brown and not red 
either, although given the resiults of the splash test I think it 
needed more catalyst. (I KNEW it was too good to be true, Ha!)
Anyway, I still have enough of the WVO to do another test but I will 
wait until Friday when I get the 100% Isopropyl alcohol and then re-
titrate it to see what comes up. With the 70% (which contains water) 
the oil did not fully disolve in the Iso. even in the hot water 
bath,so maybe this had something to do with it?
The PH meter I am using works just fine as I have tested it with a 
know variable and it worked perfectly.The variable is first cold 
pressed extra virgin oil with acidity of .0 to .5% and it came in 
reading 6.7PH, well within the parameters.





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[biofuel] Met Josh Tickell on Sunday

[DokDream]

Josh was in Hollywood showing off his Diesel-powered sports car.  We spoke 
briefly about biodiesel and other types of biofuels.  He is a very pleasant, 
dedicated young man.  I like Josh and offered to help him with some of the 
analytical chemistry he needs to show.  This is the same offer I've made to 
subscribers on this list.  Josh is dedicated and I think his efforts will bear 
fruit.  


-- Jay Stern


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]




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Re: [biofuel] Cellulose-Alcohol story.

[DokDream]

I don't see how ethanol production from corn is energetically favorable.  A 
mass and energy balance invariably is deficient.  It is only by government 
subsidies that the concept remains alive.  I am not swayed by creative balance 
sheets that include credits for cattle feed, etc.  We all had been hoping for 
development of a bacteria that could produce EtOH in better yield than yeast.  
So 
far, I don't know that this has happened.  In any event, hydrolysis of the 
cellulose to sugar would be a necessary first step.  

What might be feasible is a concept I developed years ago (and got a little 
backing).  I wanted to use geothermal energy in the Imperial Valley 
(California) to distill EtOH produced by fermentation of sugar beets.  Sugar 
beets grow 
well in the valley and no "superbugs" would be needed to increase the yield of 
alcohol.  The geothermal energy wouldn't be free, since an infrastructure 
would be needed to obtain it, but it would be far less costly than using a 
fossil 
fuel.  

-- Jay L. Stern


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]




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[biofuel] Biodiesel Class Tour... coming Re: biodiesel class

[Brian]

Hey Paul

I am very familiar with East Hazel Crest.  i had a couple of cousins 
who moved ther a while back.  Also, my ex's family all worked for 
the Aurelios (of Aurelio's Pizza), and Joe and Sue Aurelio both used 
to live there as well.  Small world.

I had gotten an e-mail from Mark that she was looking into doing a 
Chicago workshop in the summer.  I would definitely make the trip 
for that, and am hoping she is able to do so.

Brian

--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, rico suavae <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Yea, I know Homewood.Had a girlfriend in East Hazelcrest 
once.Moved to New Orleans and came back about 12years ago to 
Indiana.Had some friends in Kokomo awhile back.Lost touch.
> I hope girl mark or something else jumps off.I'm a little skittish 
to go it alone in a town without some pratice first.
> I've got a thirsty Ford E350 I want to try it out on.
>
  Paul
> 
> Brian <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hey Paul.
> 
> Central Indiana, a little north of Indy.  I grew up just a little 
> ways across the IL border from you, in Homewood.  It's good to see 
> fellow midwesterners here.  
> 
> Brian
> 
> --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, rico suavae <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
wrote:
> > Hey Brian! Actually i'm in nw ind.in Whiting,right on the 
> lake.Whereabouts are you?
> 
>
>   Paul
> > 
> > Brian <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > If you do end up doing anything in the Chicago area, please let 
> the 
> > list know as well.  I'm in Indiana, and would definitely be 
> > interested in coming to a workshop.
> > 
> > Brian
> > 
> > --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, rico suavae <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
> wrote:
> > > I'd be intrested in anything that turns up around the Chi 
> Town/tri 
> > state area.Please contact me off list.
> > > Paul
> > > 
> > > girl_mark_fire <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > > I've gotten quite a flurry of off-list interest from people in 
> > other 
> > > areas of the country who want to host a workshop due to my 
> > biodiesel 
> > > class 'tour' rumors. Here's some of my other plans:
> > > 
> > > -Im going to Albuquerque and Tucson in May to tie up some 
loose 
> > ends 
> > > from my past, and would love to stop and teach a workshop or 
two 
> > > elsewhere in the Southwest, like Flagstaff or Phoenix or 
Silver 
> > City 
> > > or Southern Colorado perhaps (won't go further than 
Albuquerque 
> > though 
> > > this time around...)
> > > 
> > > 
> > > -I'm flying (ie no equipment, and therefore no classes) to the 
> NBB 
> > > meeting in Washington DC on July 12  and 13th, and a few of us 
> are 
> > > talking about having a small-scale commercial producers' 
> > > dinner/get-together on one of the evenings during that 
meeting. 
> > I'll 
> > > post details if this happens, and they will be discussed at 
www.
> > > groups.yahoo.com/group/local-b100-biz
> > > 
> > > -Then I'm co-teaching at SEI (the incredible solar technology 
> > > education center in Colorado, www.solarenergy.org I believe) 
> with 
> > > Martin of Boulder Biodiesel Coop in late July. This should be 
a 
> > great 
> > > class- a five-day (?)biodiesel camp- and I'd also like to find 
a 
> > > student who is going there who would like to build equipment 
as 
> > part 
> > > of the class.
> > > 
> > > Then I'm leaving from there and coming to the Midwest to do a 
> tour 
> > in 
> > > August (the options so far for me are madison, chicago, st 
> louis, 
> > > milwaukee possibly), and then I'd like to end up in North 
> Carolina 
> > > (asheville, boone? and Triangle area) for a few weeks (early 
> > > september?) and therefore could swing up to Virginia someplace 
> if 
> > > there was interest for a class up there.
> > > 
> > > The same deal applies as the Tucson class announcement: I can 
do 
> a 
> > > regular day-long (or longer minicourse) class in basics of 
> > biodiesel 
> > > homebrewing, and if people think there is interest, I can do 
an 
> > > equipment building class. 
> > > 
> > > I'm missing out on a job to do this in August (and my old 
truck 
> is 
> > > wearing out!), so I'd need to charge something for these 
> classes, 
> > > which is usually $20-$50 per student per day for the ones I do 
> in 
> > > California. (I run the pre-registration/advertising, and bring 
> > > everything needed for the class, and I have to put in quite a 
> few 
> > full 
> > > days of prep for the equipment class especially). 
> > > 
> > > I can also (to afford this tour) simply build reactors for 
> > individuals 
> > > who don't want to coordinate a class but are are 'along the 
> route'. 
> > > I've done a few of these already and I charge $200 labor, on 
top 
> of 
> > > your equipment costs. I think I'm bringing a small MIG welder 
> with 
> > me 
> > > on the August tour so some custom tank work is possible. I'll 
> > probab

[biofuel] Santa Cruz Expert

[RKaupp]

As they say on talk radio, first-time caller, long-time listener.

I got a call today from a non-profit here in Santa Cruz (CA) County that 
creates work 
and career alternatives for at-risk teenagers--funded by some of the larger 
local 
companies. The funders have diesel fleets, and the non-profit is thinking that 
a 
community-based biodiesel production facility could be a great project all 
around. 

The idea is to create a pilot plant (100-500 gallons capacity) to prove the 
concept, 
then expand from there using their traditional funding companies as both the 
source 
of capital and the consumers of the finished product. (These folks run a LOT of 
diesels!) Labor will be largely provided from the relatively large pool of 
at-risk youth, 
which is the charter of this organization.

They are looking for someone who has built at least a pilot biodiesel plant, to 
help 
guide the project on the technical side. While there is an opportunity for some 
money 
to change hands, that's not the focus during the pilot stage.

Can anyone on the list help out? Preferably local?

Thanks for the bandwidth.

Ray Kaupp ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Pacific Alternative Energy




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Re: [biofuel] Cellulose-Alcohol story.

[Appal Energy]

Dok,

Why wouldn't you make the same observation relative to subsidies of fossil
fuels as you do ethanol? Do you believe that renewable fuels such as wind
and solar would still be at the same reduced market share if enormous fossil
and nuclear subsidies hadn't forced them into niche markets for decades
rather than mainstream?

Nuclear power would never have existed and still wouldn't in anything but
academic/research form (and perhaps not even then) if subsidies had never
been introduced.

And why wouldn't you be "swayed" by the inclusion of co-products such as
brewer's grains in the complete economic equation?

Perhaps the ethanol industry should let the post production brewer's grains
or pre-production oils, waxes and other useful components go to waste,
shipping them directly to the landfill and letting all those direct and
invested btus go to waste, simply because these components aren't the same
chemical and physical structure as ethanol?

Certainly the fossil fuel companies include their co-products in their
equations - coal and oil tars for example, once nothing more than toxic and
capital consuming waste products.

It's quite fashionable in contemporary industrialism to market waste
products as commodities, everything from emissions credits to toxic waste
clearing houses where one company's waste is implemented as another
company's feedstock. All the while the credits and debits are made by the
bean counters in back rooms to enhance the end of year stockholder's report.

Why shouldn't the same rules apply to the ethanol industry from a btus in
vs. btus out perspective?

Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: 
Sent: Wednesday, April 28, 2004 11:03 AM
Subject: Re: [biofuel] Cellulose-Alcohol story.


> I don't see how ethanol production from corn is energetically favorable.
A
> mass and energy balance invariably is deficient.  It is only by government
> subsidies that the concept remains alive.  I am not swayed by creative
balance
> sheets that include credits for cattle feed, etc.  We all had been hoping
for
> development of a bacteria that could produce EtOH in better yield than
yeast.  So
> far, I don't know that this has happened.  In any event, hydrolysis of the
> cellulose to sugar would be a necessary first step.
>
> What might be feasible is a concept I developed years ago (and got a
little
> backing).  I wanted to use geothermal energy in the Imperial Valley
> (California) to distill EtOH produced by fermentation of sugar beets.
Sugar beets grow
> well in the valley and no "superbugs" would be needed to increase the
yield of
> alcohol.  The geothermal energy wouldn't be free, since an infrastructure
> would be needed to obtain it, but it would be far less costly than using a
fossil
> fuel.
>
> -- Jay L. Stern
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
>
> Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
> http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
> Biofuels list archives:
> http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
>
> Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address.
> To unsubscribe, send an email to:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
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>
>
>
>
>
>



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Re: [biofuel] NYT Article - US Farm Subsidies Impact Developing World

[murdoch]

good one

On Wed, 28 Apr 2004 11:45:35 +, you wrote:

>Those Illegal Farm Subsidies
>
>Published: April 28, 2004
>
>http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/28/opinion/28WED1.html?th
> 
>America's lavish handouts to its farmers harvest poverty throughout the 
>developing world. And they are illegal as well. That's the conclusion of a 
>World Trade Organization panel that heard Brazil's challenge to the cotton 
>subsidies that belie this nation's commitment to free and fair trade.
>
>Cotton is far from the only crop that American farmers are able to dump on the 
>international market at low prices thanks to federal subsidies. But it is one 
>of the most outrageous cases. Brazil was wise in choosing it as the first 
>target in the developing world's challenge of the roughly $1 billion a day in 
>subsidies that rich nations dole out to their farmers. If the preliminary 
>ruling stands, as expected, it may mean the beginning of the end for European 
>and American practices that provide their farmers an unfair advantage.
>
>In addition to Brazil, an agricultural superpower, some of the world's poorest 
>nations, including the West African republics of Mali, Benin and Burkina Faso, 
>are vindicated by the W.T.O.'s decision. Cotton is West Africa's cash crop, 
>the one economic activity in which the region has a competitive advantage. By 
>underwriting much of the costs of America's 25,000 cotton farmers with checks 
>that can total $3 billion a year, Washington erases that advantage. Aided by 
>American experts who are critics of this warped system, Brazil convincingly 
>argued that in the absence of subsidies, the United States would have produced 
>and exported substantially less cotton than it did in recent years. 
>Consequently, growers elsewhere would have enjoyed greater market share and 
>higher prices.
>
>The glaring contradiction between American farm subsidies and the principles 
>underlying the global trade system has long posed a moral and political 
>problem for Washington. Now it is also a legal problem. Instead of digging in 
>its heels and spending years appealing the panel's ruling, the Bush 
>administration needs to seize upon it as a reason to negotiate the surrender 
>of rich nations' trade-distorting farm subsidies.
>
>The administration has a mixed record on this issue. It offered proposals to 
>start weaning corporate farmers off their subsidies two years ago ÷ admittedly 
>after approving a farm bill that exacerbated the problem. Then it backed away 
>in the face of strong opposition from Congress and the European Union. That 
>retreat not only hurt the poor nations' farmers, but also American taxpayers, 
>consumers and most business interests, including more competitive farmers. 
>
>The W.T.O.'s talks on the further liberalization of trade faltered over the 
>subsidy issue at Cancœn last year, but this week's ruling will vastly 
>strengthen the position of Brazil and others advocating the dismantling of 
>agricultural subsidies that distort trade. The sooner they prevail, the 
>better. 
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
>http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
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>
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>
>
> 
>



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Re: [biofuel] KoH Titration - Keith

[Keith Addison]

>Thanks for setting me straight on that. I must've forgotten that I
>read that as I HAVE been through it before. (alas, old age and the
>memory thing...)

Naah, young feller like you? :-)

There's a lot of it to read, that's the trouble.

>Ok, I did the 150ml oil 150ml water in the jar and shook it up
>pretty well and after 30 minnutes got a top of bubbles, a mid
>section of creamy cafe-au-lait, and a bottom of milky white water.

Ulp. And what state is it in now?

>The seperated oil was rather amber in colour, not brown and not red
>either, although given the resiults of the splash test I think it
>needed more catalyst. (I KNEW it was too good to be true, Ha!)

O unkind fate (unless it's your poor expectations and Heisenberg that 
did it). Try reprocessing the batch you've already done, as Todd 
recommends. "... take a liter of finished fuel, process it again as 
if it were virgin veg oil. If any more glycerine drops out, then you 
know it wasn't as good as it could have been."

If you've enough of the WVO left, try a "poor man's titration", once 
again a la Todd, described in this recent message to Pierre:
http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/33676/

>Anyway, I still have enough of the WVO to do another test but I will
>wait until Friday when I get the 100% Isopropyl alcohol and then re-
>titrate it to see what comes up. With the 70% (which contains water)
>the oil did not fully disolve in the Iso. even in the hot water
>bath,so maybe this had something to do with it?

Hm. Maybe. It should dissolve, but can degenerate into globs as you 
add the lye solution, especially if it's high FFA oil and takes a lot 
of lye solution. In which case keep stirring it like mad. We always 
use chopsticks for that - the Japanese throw away 130 million pairs 
of disposable wooden chopsticks per DAY!!! :-( Basic essential 
high-tech equipment, chopsticks, appropriate technology projects just 
don't happen without chopsticks, wooden clothes pegs, the wire 
springs from wooden clothes pegs when you take them apart to use the 
wooden bits, defunct bicycle inner tubes, broken hacksaw blades 
sharpened on one edge, duct tape, tincanium, a Zippo lighter, and the 
ingenuity that comes from sheer ignorance, along with the caution 
learnt via the excessive use of ignorant ingenuity should one 
survive. Anyway, we don't use used chopsticks to stir the titration, 
we found a large number of unused ones dumped in a junkyard a couple 
of years ago. (Post-titration chopsticks help kindle the fire to heat 
the bath.)

Best

Keith



>The PH meter I am using works just fine as I have tested it with a
>know variable and it worked perfectly.The variable is first cold
>pressed extra virgin oil with acidity of .0 to .5% and it came in
>reading 6.7PH, well within the parameters.



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Re: [biofuel] Re: Cellulose-Alcohol story.

[murdoch]

Is that the one that former CIA director Woolsey had something to do
with?  I'm not asking to be cynical, but to clarify.  It seemed to me
that after leaving Gov't direct service, and in being a very vocal
supporter of biofuels, I had heard that he had taken an interest in
one of the biofuel companies, but I lost track of which one.



On Mon, 26 Apr 2004 17:46:56 -, you wrote:

>What about BC International Corporation located in Massachusetts, 
>U.S.?  From what I have read from their website, they have already 
>been converting cellulosic biomass to ethanol for some time now.  
>They claim to have numerous patents on their technology, so it sounds 
>like this is big business.  How would one check out the credibility 
>of a company such as this?  
>
>--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, "Darryl McMahon" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> "riored96" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>  wrote:
>> 
>> > Is Iogen for real,or bs.
>> > http://www.cbc.ca/stories/2004/04/22/sci-tech/biofuel040422
>> > 
>> 
>> I guess it depends what you mean by "for real".  The company is 
>real.  They have at 
>> least 2 buildings here in the Ottawa area.  They have had displays 
>at several 
>> environmental events that I have attended over the past decade.  I 
>have had some 
>> contact with them over the years, and until very recently, they 
>were not producing 
>> ethanol beyond the lab scale.  They have been receiving grants and 
>monies from a 
>> couple of petroleum companies (Shell and Petro-Canada) over the 
>years to continue 
>> research on producing ethanol from cellulose stock.  They have 
>certainly had 
>> support from our federal minister of the Environment for years.
>> 
>> As for the efficiency of the process, or how well it has scaled up, 
>I have no idea.
>> 
>> The truck that appeared in the TV item I saw belonged to a local 
>petroleum retailer 
>> (MacEwen's), that have been one of the strongest local proponents 
>of ethanol 
>> blended gasoline for several years now.
>> 
>> The one print article I have seen was a bit of a mess (Ottawa 
>Citzen newspaper), 
>> rather in keeping with my expectations of the Canadian mass media.
>> 
>> Darryl McMahon
>
>
>
>
>Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
>http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html
>
>Biofuels list archives:
>http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
>
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Re: [biofuel] Re: Cellulose-Alcohol story.

[murdoch]

Great point. In fact, just at my own house, I'm thinking of replacing
my Propane fireplace (for which I've installed no tank) with a
woodburning one which would help me dispose of unwanted biomass growth
from my own property.

On Mon, 26 Apr 2004 18:32:38 -, you wrote:

>I agree with the idea of returning ag waste to the cropland, but 
>there are other sources.  A large percentage of cellulosic biomass 
>comes from cities, parks within cities, housing complexes, suburbs.  
>Everytime I take a drive into the more populated areas in the spring, 
>summer, and fall, I see town, village and city crews picking up 
>trees, shrubs and anything else they can fit through their shredder 
>to take to their "woodchip piles".  This may not be enough to supply 
>a large ethanol facility, but if coordinated correctly, it could 
>maybe sustain a small facility continuously if close to the source of 
>biomass.  Jonathan.
>
>
>--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Keith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> Hello RR
>> 
>> >If this story is true, it would be of monumental importance.
>> >Billions of tons of this stuff (cellulose) must be produced yearly
>> >around the world, in association with food production.
>> >What is the holdup, with exploiting this technology?
>> >If India/China needs fuel for cars, here it is.
>> >The lack of press coverage, is disappointing
>> >and suspicious.
>> 
>> In the US?? Well yes, excellent general statement, but you 
>shouldn't 
>> be surprised.
>> 
>> Anyway, two things about cellulose. Much of what would be available 
>> would be crop wastes, and that there might be billions of tons of 
>it 
>> doesn't necessarily mean it's up for grabs. Crop wastes need to be 
>> returned to the soil if there's of be much of a future for crop 
>> production. Richer countries can postpone it a bit with chemical 
>> fertilisers, and end up with worse problems in the longer run, but 
>> poorer countries often can't even afford to do that. So endless 
>> supplies of ethanol fuel might have to bear the ever-soaring costs 
>of 
>> denuded farmlands, and those costs tend to spill out well beyond 
>the 
>> farm fence. Not worth it. It would need planned cellulose 
>production, 
>> perhaps as a crop by-product, but not at the expense of soil 
>> fertility.
>> 
>> Second, there's quite a lot of information here:
>> 
>> Ethanol from cellulose
>> http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol_link.html#cellulose
>> 
>> Best
>> 
>> Keith
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> >RR
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> >--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, murdoch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> > > I have also been trying to keep half an eye on them (Iogen 
>itself is
>> > > not publicly traded, which makes this a bit of a challenge, 
>even if
>> > > some of its investors apparently are), and on Genencor (stock 
>symbol
>> > > GCOR here in the US), and although riored's question was blunt, 
>it
>> > > does sort of summarize my own standing question about a lot of
>> > > companies, particularly in this field.
>> > >
>> > > This field I have labled as important because of the DOE's 
>comments
>> > > some years ago as to the economic importance of turning 
>cellulosic
>> > > matter into ethanol.  According to them, such an advance was 
>more or
>> > > less necessary - the key - to making ethanol more sustainable 
>and
>> > > economically viable in the U.S.  This was in response to many 
>of the
>> > > questions as to the pricing and volumes available for Ethanol.
>> > >
>> > > I do *not* think such an argument by them should be taken at 
>face
>> > > value without questioning or discussion, but I did take it under
>> > > advisement that some of the basis for the argument seemed to 
>make
>> >some
>> > > sense ... i.e., taking matter which, without the ethanol
>> >advancement,
>> > > would have limited value, labled by some as "waste", and adding 
>a
>> > > value to it.
>> > >
>> > > For some reason, I don't know why, I have Iogen ranked in my 
>mind as
>> > > "less full of it than GCOR".  From your update, I can see that 
>Iogen
>> > > has been in "we're working on it in the lab" mode similar to 
>GCOR,
>> >and
>> > > has received government research funding monies for awhile, also
>> > > similar to GCOR.
>> > >
>> > > Last I checked with them, two or three years ago, mutual fund 
>NALFX,
>> > > one of the only really super-strict-interpretationist
>> > > clean-technology-mutual-funds, (very small, modest long-term 
>returns
>> > > at best, but long-established since '82) had a stake in GCOR, 
>or at
>> > > least I think they did, ... they were following it... because of
>> > > GCOR's ethanol angle.  If nothing else, this helps illustrate 
>the
>> > > difficulty for clean-technology-fund-managers in finding biofuel
>> > > investments outside of such as ADM.
>> > >
>> > >
>> > >
>> > >
>> > >
>> > > On Sat, 24 Apr 2004 17:30:33 -0400, you wrote:
>> > >
>> > > >"riored96" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>  wrote:
>> > > >
>> > > >> Is Iogen for real,or bs.
>> > > >> http://www.cbc.ca/stories/2004/