RE:[tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
I got the numbers from another Tipster and just plugged them in. I think they are correct now. Mike On 4/8/13 2:00 AM, Teaching in the Psychological Sciences (TIPS) digest wrote: TIPS Digest for Sunday, April 07, 2013. 1. RE:Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16) 2. RE:Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16) -- Subject: RE:Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16) From: Mike Wiliamsjmicha5...@aol.com Date: Sun, 07 Apr 2013 01:09:25 -0400 X-Message-Number: 1 I updated the spreadsheet. It now includes an analysis for both samples. Mike Williams On 4/7/13 1:00 AM, Teaching in the Psychological Sciences (TIPS) digest wrote: Subject: RE:Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16) From: David Epsteinda...@neverdave.com Date: Sat, 6 Apr 2013 12:58:25 -0400 (EDT) X-Message-Number: 5 On Sat, 6 Apr 2013, Mike Wiliams went: I did the spreadsheet quickly and I hope there are no errors. http://www.learnpsychology.com/Men_Woman_ChildDepression_Example.xlsx It's a little less bad (less bad than the p = .57 on your spreadsheet) when you use the author's denominator, which is the subset of people who had actually wanted to have children: 67 out of 108. The numbers are then: male female depression 8 14 22 no depression8 37 45 16 51 67 And the p value is .09, two-tailed. But that's by far the biggest difference of the half dozen differences he reports. --David Epstein da...@neverdave.com --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: arch...@jab.org. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df5d5n=Tl=tipso=24844 or send a blank email to leave-24844-13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df...@fsulist.frostburg.edu
Re:[tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
Re DavidEpstein's sceptical post citing the Keele University Press release http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130403071957.htm andsubsequent posts: I emailedRobin Hadley, who undertook the reported research, asking for information abouthis methodology, how the subjects were recruited, and specifically whether theywere self-selected. The relevant part of his response is as follows: In order to examine the issues surrounding the desire forparenthood a sequential mixed-methods quantitative-qualitative approach wasselected. This approach allows the verification of results, generation of newareas of interest, and provides generalisabilty of results. An on-linequestionnaire was designed to measure the influences, motivations, and reasonsthat may affect the decision to parent. Included was a unique item attemptingto measure the reactions associated with broodiness. Open questions wereintegrated into the survey to provide detail of the respondent’s lifeexperience and, in addition, aid validity by providing feedback on the survey.Respondents were recruited by a snowball technique and over two hundredcompleted replies (n=232) were analysed using descriptive, univariate,and bivarite techniques. The profile of the sample data gave a mode of femalewith the majority of respondents being White-British, degree educated,professional, and heterosexual. Not being a statistician, I could make little sense of this. (Anytranslations of significant sentences will be welcomed!) In response I askedHadley what a snowball technique is. In his reply he wrote that itis verypopular in qualitative [sic] research as a strategy for accessing hard to reachpopulations, and may be defined as: The recruitment method thatasks a participant to pass details of the study to his/her interpersonalnetwork to generate further recruits. Inreply I wrote that it seems evident that the subjects were self-selected, andthat that reduces the reliability of the results of the survey. I alsosuggested this should have been made clear in the press release. Inhis response Hadley ignored my point about self-selected subjects, and merelythanked me for my interest (!) while directing my question about the pressrelease to the British Sociological Society person responsible for it. AsDavid's link to the following article shows, Hadley is hardly a disinterested researcheron this issue: I’m 53 now and I’m not a father. Inever will be. I am happily married – to my second wife – and we have nochildren. It’s not that we didn’t want any; since my mid-thirties, I have beenbroody, desperate for the kids that I watched my friends and colleagues havingover the years. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/mother-tongue/fatherhood/9969542/Robin-Hadley-I-know-all-about-broody-men-who-long-to-be-dads.-I-am-one.html So we have here another (and possibly the worst) in a recent tendency towards premature pressreleases from universities in the UK and the US publicising unreplicatedstudies without peer-review having, it would seem, as its main purpose thepromotion of the name of the university. Allen Esterson Former lecturer, Science Department Southwark College, London allenester...@compuserve.com http://www.esterson.org -- From: David Epstein da...@neverdave.com Subject: Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16) Date: Thu, 4 Apr 2013 02:02:36 -0400 (EDT) Spotted on Google News: a university press release getting picked up as if it were science news. It's a survey with differences such as 8 out of 16 men (50%) versus 14 out of 51 women (27%). http://www.google.com/news?q=%22robin+hadley%22hl=en Well, you can chi-square the numbers yourself http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130403071957.htm. There is NOT EVEN ONE DIFFERENCE between men and women in the survey. --David Epstein da...@neverdave.com --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: arch...@jab.org. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df5d5n=Tl=tipso=24846 or send a blank email to leave-24846-13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df...@fsulist.frostburg.edu
RE: Re:[tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
It appears the word, “broody” is commonplace in the British form of English (and evidently in biological studies of broodiness) but I don’t recall ever having heard it used in the US. At first, before looking it up, I assumed it was another way of saying, “moody”. I wonder if it is partly a cultural difference in that referring to someone as “broody” especially someone who was not, or was no longer, capable of having children, would seem very unPC or maybe even quite rude and, at the least, no one else’s business (especially, possibly “broody” grandparents inquiring about when they might expect a grandchild). As to the snowball technique, it is quite common in qualitative studies where the “representativeness” of the sample is irrelevant (and it is very difficult to find many participants so you rely on the few you find recruiting their own friends. Qualitative research has no concept of a larger population of which this sample is a representative microcosm. All that matters is that you correctly communicate the experience of those that end up in your sample. Thinking that such a sample could serve as well for the quantitative research, which has entirely different assumptions, seems to indicate that they are really just using the “its just qualitative” fall-back when their quantitative data is questioned. Rick Dr. Rick Froman, Chair Division of Humanities and Social Sciences Professor of Psychology Box 3519 John Brown University 2000 W. University Siloam Springs, AR 72761 rfro...@jbu.edumailto:rfro...@jbu.edu (479) 524-7295 http://bit.ly/DrFroman From: Allen Esterson [mailto:allenester...@compuserve.com] Sent: Monday, April 08, 2013 4:40 AM To: Teaching in the Psychological Sciences (TIPS) Subject: Re:[tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16) Re David Epstein's sceptical post citing the Keele University Press release http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130403071957.htm and subsequent posts: I emailed Robin Hadley, who undertook the reported research, asking for information about his methodology, how the subjects were recruited, and specifically whether they were self-selected. The relevant part of his response is as follows: In order to examine the issues surrounding the desire for parenthood a sequential mixed-methods quantitative-qualitative approach was selected. This approach allows the verification of results, generation of new areas of interest, and provides generalisabilty of results. An on-line questionnaire was designed to measure the influences, motivations, and reasons that may affect the decision to parent. Included was a unique item attempting to measure the reactions associated with broodiness. Open questions were integrated into the survey to provide detail of the respondent’s life experience and, in addition, aid validity by providing feedback on the survey. Respondents were recruited by a snowball technique and over two hundred completed replies (n=232) were analysed using descriptive, univariate, and bivarite techniques. The profile of the sample data gave a mode of female with the majority of respondents being White-British, degree educated, professional, and heterosexual. Not being a statistician, I could make little sense of this. (Any translations of significant sentences will be welcomed!) In response I asked Hadley what a snowball technique is. In his reply he wrote that it is very popular in qualitative [sic] research as a strategy for accessing hard to reach populations, and may be defined as: The recruitment method that asks a participant to pass details of the study to his/her interpersonal network to generate further recruits. In reply I wrote that it seems evident that the subjects were self-selected, and that that reduces the reliability of the results of the survey. I also suggested this should have been made clear in the press release. In his response Hadley ignored my point about self-selected subjects, and merely thanked me for my interest (!) while directing my question about the press release to the British Sociological Society person responsible for it. As David's link to the following article shows, Hadley is hardly a disinterested researcher on this issue: I’m 53 now and I’m not a father. I never will be. I am happily married – to my second wife – and we have no children. It’s not that we didn’t want any; since my mid-thirties, I have been broody, desperate for the kids that I watched my friends and colleagues having over the years. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/mother-tongue/fatherhood/9969542/Robin-Hadley-I-know-all-about-broody-men-who-long-to-be-dads.-I-am-one.html So we have here another (and possibly the worst) in a recent tendency towards premature press releases from universities in the UK and the US publicising unreplicated studies without peer-review having, it would seem, as its main purpose the promotion of the name of the university. Allen Esterson Former lecturer
RE: Re:[tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
From: Rick Froman [mailto:rfro...@jbu.edu] It appears the word, “broody” is commonplace in the British form of English (and evidently in biological studies of broodiness) but I don’t recall ever having heard it used in the US. [Shapiro, Susan J] I think it depends on if you have ever hung around people who raised chickens for eggs. A hen can get “broody” and start acting like she is incubating eggs. For a fun description you might enjoy http://hencam.com/faq/the-broody-hen/ It seems that “people “ can get into a similar mood. Suzi S. Shapiro Ph D Indiana University East 2325 Chester Blvd Richmond, IN 47374 (765) 973-8284 sjsha...@iue.edu --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: arch...@jab.org. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df5d5n=Tl=tipso=24850 or send a blank email to leave-24850-13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df...@fsulist.frostburg.edu
RE: Re:[tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
On Mon, 08 Apr 2013 07:58:30 -0700, David Epstein wrote: On Mon, 8 Apr 2013, Rick Froman went: As to the snowball technique, it is quite common in qualitative studies where the representativeness of the sample is irrelevant (and it is very difficult to find many participants so you rely on the few you find recruiting their own friends. Qualitative research has no concept of a larger population of which this sample is a representative microcosm. All that matters is that you correctly communicate the experience of those that end up in your sample. Thinking that such a sample could serve as well for the quantitative research, which has entirely different assumptions, seems to indicate that they are really just using the it's just qualitative fall-back when their quantitative data is questioned. And as the original poster, I want to emphasize that I greatly value qualitative research. Focus groups, interviews, and ethnographic immersion can provide knowledge you would never get from other approaches. (I'm a coauthor on a focus-group paper, and I'm quite proud of it, even though no one ever cites it.) You just need to write clearly about what you're doing--and speak up real loud if it's misrepresented in a press release or a spate of mass-media coverage. I have not been following this thread as closely as perhaps I should have but there are a few points that concern me that have not been adequately addressed: (1) Allen Esterson mentioned that in response to his queries, the author of the research mentioned that he used snowball sampling. For those who need a brief review of sampling techniques and their impact on analysis, I suggest taking a look at Kakinami Conner (2010) Sampling Strategies For Addiction Research, a copy of which can be obtained here: http://dl.ravannews.com/files/Addiction_research_methods.pdf#page=44 Chapter 3 is on sampling techniques and the major types of sampling schemes (i.e., probability, non-probability which snowball sampling is an example, and qualitative sampling). I think that there is some confusion in keeping non-probability sampling separate from qualitative sampling in this discussion and this reference will help to highlight it. (2) Non-probability sampling like snowball sampling is typically used with hard to reach populations, such as substance abuse users like crack smokers -- one can't just start calling people on the phone and ask if they use crack, one typically asks one crack user to identify another crack user who could participate in the study. Similar situations hold with sexual activity (e.g., HIV spread, other STDs; network analysis comes in handy for this type of analysis as well as the recognition that people in such a sample are correlated or clustered because of the dependency of a selected person on the person who nominated him/her). Snowball sampling leads to problems in analysis which specialized software (e.g., SUDAAN) or procedures (e.g., multilevel modeling) can attempt to deal with but, if the researcher has a choice Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) a variation of snowball sampling where the participant is asked to give a certain number of potential participants (see Kakinami Conner above). More statistical analysis is possible here. All this being said, it is unclear to me that the chi-square analyses shown earlier in this thread are valid since one does not know how the sample represents the population it was drawn from. (3) It could just be me (based on my experience with drug and HIV research) but I don't think that participants for the reported study represent a hard to reach population. Indeed, census or similar types of data sources should allow one to locate families with or without children who can then be sampled and interviewed or given questionnaires to fill out. The rationale for using snowball sampling is not at all clear to me and may actually represent a confusion about what type of sampling was actually used. So, if anyone can clarify, I'd appreciate it. -Mike Palij New York University m...@nyu.edu --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: arch...@jab.org. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df5d5n=Tl=tipso=24854 or send a blank email to leave-24854-13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df...@fsulist.frostburg.edu
Re:[tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
Rick Froman writes: As to the snowball technique, it is quite common in qualitative studies where the “representativeness” of the sample is irrelevant... All that matters is that you correctly communicate the experience of those that end up in your sample... and David Epstein: I want to emphasize that I greatly value qualitative research. Focus groups, interviews, and ethnographic immersion can provide knowledge you would never get from other approaches... You just need to write clearly about what you're doing--and speak up real loud if it's misrepresented in a press release or a spate of mass-media coverage. Surely the fact that the researcher provided a full statistical analysis and breakdown of his results means he is giving a spurious legitimacy to a study that by its very nature is not representative of the relevant population. Allen E. --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: arch...@jab.org. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df5d5n=Tl=tipso=24858 or send a blank email to leave-24858-13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df...@fsulist.frostburg.edu
RE:[tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
Hi How can there be more depressed males (8) in the subset than in the full set (6)? Jim James M. Clark Professor Chair of Psychology j.cl...@uwinnipeg.ca Room 4L41A 204-786-9757 204-774-4134 Fax Dept of Psychology, U of Winnipeg 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0R4 CANADA Mike Wiliams jmicha5...@aol.com 07-Apr-13 12:09 AM I updated the spreadsheet. It now includes an analysis for both samples. Mike Williams On 4/7/13 1:00 AM, Teaching in the Psychological Sciences (TIPS) digest wrote: Subject: RE:Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16) From: David Epsteinda...@neverdave.com Date: Sat, 6 Apr 2013 12:58:25 -0400 (EDT) X-Message-Number: 5 On Sat, 6 Apr 2013, Mike Wiliams went: I did the spreadsheet quickly and I hope there are no errors. http://www.learnpsychology.com/Men_Woman_ChildDepression_Example.xlsx It's a little less bad (less bad than the p = .57 on your spreadsheet) when you use the author's denominator, which is the subset of people who had actually wanted to have children: 67 out of 108. The numbers are then: male female depression 8 14 22 no depression8 37 45 16 51 67 And the p value is .09, two-tailed. But that's by far the biggest difference of the half dozen differences he reports. --David Epstein da...@neverdave.com --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: j.cl...@uwinnipeg.ca. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13251.645f86b5cec4da0a56ffea7a891720c9n=Tl=tipso=24831 or send a blank email to leave-24831-13251.645f86b5cec4da0a56ffea7a89172...@fsulist.frostburg.edu --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: arch...@jab.org. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df5d5n=Tl=tipso=24836 or send a blank email to leave-24836-13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df...@fsulist.frostburg.eduattachment: Jim_Clark.vcf
RE:[tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
On Sat, 6 Apr 2013, Mike Wiliams went: I did the spreadsheet quickly and I hope there are no errors. http://www.learnpsychology.com/Men_Woman_ChildDepression_Example.xlsx It's a little less bad (less bad than the p = .57 on your spreadsheet) when you use the author's denominator, which is the subset of people who had actually wanted to have children: 67 out of 108. The numbers are then: male female depression 8 14 22 no depression8 37 45 16 51 67 And the p value is .09, two-tailed. But that's by far the biggest difference of the half dozen differences he reports. --David Epstein da...@neverdave.com --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: arch...@jab.org. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df5d5n=Tl=tipso=24824 or send a blank email to leave-24824-13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df...@fsulist.frostburg.edu
RE:[tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
I updated the spreadsheet. It now includes an analysis for both samples. Mike Williams On 4/7/13 1:00 AM, Teaching in the Psychological Sciences (TIPS) digest wrote: Subject: RE:Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16) From: David Epsteinda...@neverdave.com Date: Sat, 6 Apr 2013 12:58:25 -0400 (EDT) X-Message-Number: 5 On Sat, 6 Apr 2013, Mike Wiliams went: I did the spreadsheet quickly and I hope there are no errors. http://www.learnpsychology.com/Men_Woman_ChildDepression_Example.xlsx It's a little less bad (less bad than the p = .57 on your spreadsheet) when you use the author's denominator, which is the subset of people who had actually wanted to have children: 67 out of 108. The numbers are then: male female depression 8 14 22 no depression8 37 45 16 51 67 And the p value is .09, two-tailed. But that's by far the biggest difference of the half dozen differences he reports. --David Epstein da...@neverdave.com --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: arch...@jab.org. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df5d5n=Tl=tipso=24831 or send a blank email to leave-24831-13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df...@fsulist.frostburg.edu
RE:[tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
TheKeele University report of the surveyconducted by Robin Hadley states: Mr Hadley conducted thesurvey using an online questionnaire among people aged 20 to 66, with anaverage age of 41. Just over 80% were white British, 69% had degrees, 69%worked full time and 90% were heterosexual. Mr Hadley said this was aqualitative study rather than a quantitative statistical representation ofBritish society. http://www.keele.ac.uk/pressreleases/2013/title,89912,en.html Does anyone have any idea of themethodology implied by the descriptions online questionnaire? I have written to the British SociologicalAssociation email address given at the end of the report requesting replies tothe following questions: 1. There is no indication of themethodology used. For instance, how were the respondees selected? Were theyself-selected? 2. Has the report beenpeer-reviewed? Allen Esterson Former lecturer, Science Department Southwark College, London allenester...@compuserve.com http://www.esterson.org --- From: David Epsteinda...@neverdave.com Subject: RE: Childlessnesshits men the hardest (n = 16) Date:Thu, 4 Apr 2013 12:50:02 -0400(EDT) On Thu, 4 Apr 2013, Rick Fromanwent: Actually, the whole study withthe online survey methodology, the small sample size and thequestionable interpretation reminds me of studies done by my ResearchMethods undergrad students but at least they would have calculated thechi square results and not made anything out of anon-significant result. Yes! Most of the sources refer to the investigator as a Ph.D. candidate. I DISAGREE. :) Well, OK, in one of the stories, theinvestigator cautions that the study is qualitative, notquantitative http://psychcentral.com/news/2013/04/04/do-men-yearn-for-children-more-than-women/53416.html. In fact, the title of his poster isThe Experiences of Involuntarily Childless Men as TheyAge. Nice andphenomenological. But he's allowed his institution to summarizehis work with a big batch of quasi-inferential XX percentversus XY percent statements. So what we have here is a failure ofquality control at every stage of dissemination. --David Epstein da...@neverdave.com --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: arch...@jab.org. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df5d5n=Tl=tipso=24786 or send a blank email to leave-24786-13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df...@fsulist.frostburg.edu
RE:[tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
I used this example in class today because part of my introduction to stats involves examples of why statistics makes you think better. It went reasonably well. I quickly made up a 2x2 chi-square example using the depression frequencies reported in the article. I also made a link to the article in the Blackboard site for the course. Although we haven't covered chi-square yet, I think the example is simple enough that students can grasp the logic. Here is a link to the spreadsheet. I like Excel for examples because I can change data vales and immediately present what happens to the statistics when the change is made. I did the spreadsheet quickly and I hope there are no errors. http://www.learnpsychology.com/Men_Woman_ChildDepression_Example.xlsx Mike Williams --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: arch...@jab.org. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df5d5n=Tl=tipso=24815 or send a blank email to leave-24815-13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df...@fsulist.frostburg.edu
RE: [tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
The funny thing is, although most of the reports of this study done by a doctoral student and presented at a conference said that men were more affected than women (based on these non-significant results), this failure to reject the null hypothesis is cited in at least one source as providing positive evidence that there are no differences between males and females on these issues. I can imagine someone writing an article to share this technique called, The Advantage of Low Power Studies in Confirming Equality between Groups. Actually, the whole study with the online survey methodology, the small sample size and the questionable interpretation reminds me of studies done by my Research Methods undergrad students but at least they would have calculated the chi square results and not made anything out of a non-significant result. Rick Dr. Rick Froman, Chair Division of Humanities and Social Sciences Professor of Psychology Box 3519 John Brown University 2000 W. University Siloam Springs, AR 72761 rfro...@jbu.edu (479) 524-7295 http://bit.ly/DrFroman -Original Message- From: David Epstein [mailto:da...@neverdave.com] Sent: Thursday, April 04, 2013 1:03 AM To: Teaching in the Psychological Sciences (TIPS) Subject: [tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16) Spotted on Google News: a university press release getting picked up as if it were science news. It's a survey with differences such as 8 out of 16 men (50%) versus 14 out of 51 women (27%). http://www.google.com/news?q=%22robin+hadley%22hl=en Well, you can chi-square the numbers yourself http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130403071957.htm. There is NOT EVEN ONE DIFFERENCE between men and women in the survey. --David Epstein da...@neverdave.com --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: rfro...@jbu.edu. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13039.37a56d458b5e856d05bcfb3322db5f8an=Tl=tipso=24752 or send a blank email to leave-24752-13039.37a56d458b5e856d05bcfb3322db5...@fsulist.frostburg.edu --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: arch...@jab.org. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df5d5n=Tl=tipso=24758 or send a blank email to leave-24758-13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df...@fsulist.frostburg.edu
RE: [tips] Childlessness hits men the hardest (n = 16)
On Thu, 4 Apr 2013, Rick Froman went: Actually, the whole study with the online survey methodology, the small sample size and the questionable interpretation reminds me of studies done by my Research Methods undergrad students but at least they would have calculated the chi square results and not made anything out of a non-significant result. Yes! Most of the sources refer to the investigator as a Ph.D. candidate. I DISAGREE. :) Well, OK, in one of the stories, the investigator cautions that the study is qualitative, not quantitative http://psychcentral.com/news/2013/04/04/do-men-yearn-for-children-more-than-women/53416.html. In fact, the title of his poster is The Experiences of Involuntarily Childless Men as They Age. Nice and phenomenological. But he's allowed his institution to summarize his work with a big batch of quasi-inferential XX percent versus XY percent statements. So what we have here is a failure of quality control at every stage of dissemination. --David Epstein da...@neverdave.com --- You are currently subscribed to tips as: arch...@jab.org. To unsubscribe click here: http://fsulist.frostburg.edu/u?id=13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df5d5n=Tl=tipso=24759 or send a blank email to leave-24759-13090.68da6e6e5325aa33287ff385b70df...@fsulist.frostburg.edu
