Many thanks Axil it's a very good paper and both you and Mark in your two responses answered my questions very well.
It's very very interesting that Hawking radiation could be generated from plasmons in this way. I still need to study it in detail but I notice that they say that these cavities can work with light of any frequency not just infra red and optical is in normal lasers. Does this literally mean it can absorb high energy gamma as well? Or are they emphasising it can work at other higher frequencies than IR and Optical but not necessarily up to gamma. I'm curious because as far as I can see with normal plasmons the plasma frequency is a few eV 15 eV for Nickel for example. This may be increased slightly if the nickel atoms are heavily ionised some how but still would be In the 10 or low 100s eV maximum. This is due to the sqrt relationship electron density in metals. Even if we take Dirac plasmons into account and the material is generating 2D or 1D electron flow the plasma frequency drops slightly due to a more reduced effect of the electron density. So wouldn't plasmons not absorb photons above the plasma frequency energy? If what I say above is correct then only degenerate materials such as occur in White dwarf stars would have sufficient electron density to have a plasmon frequency in the 1 keV or 10s keV range maybe up to a hundred or so keV range maximum. Interestingly it could be that UDH and UDD with atomic separations of a few pm could maybe have sufficient electron density for this. This might be important to Holmlids. Results if UHD is implicated directly or if it surrounds nano clusters thereby containing emissions below a few 10s keV within. This could be important for K shell electron stimulation, auger X Ray emission or nucleus stimulation effects. (I wonder if UDH and UDD is in some way a little piece of a white dwarf star! ;) ) But if I understand right even degenerate matter would not absorb gamma in the MeV range. Is this correct or is the absorption due to another process or is the electron density enhanced massively somehow due to cavitation I wonder. Or is it only a analogue black hole to light below these plasma frequency frequencies? To be fair probably I need to study the paper more to fully understand what I am missing. Even lower energy plasma frequency and light absorption could be important even if it extends only to low energy X-rays or UV. And similar Hawking radiation effects could still be relevant. This could also still have an impact on electron transmission emission from atoms and absorption perhaps leading to atomic scale stimulation effects especially in the bulk. Or Bremsstrahlung at the most intense low energy frequencies perhaps leading to electron plasma thermal excitation. > On 12 mrt. 2016, at 07:48, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> wrote: > > http://www.nature.com/articles/srep02607 > > Cavity Optical Pulse Extraction: ultra-short pulse generation as seeded > Hawking radiation > > This article shows how a Dark Mode optical cavity (which is what an SPP > really is) can absorb light and store it, then later release it as Hawking > radiation (heat) at a latter time. The optical cavity acts as a black hole. > > I say that all these "Dark Mode" objects share a dualism with the > astronomical black hole which allows them to do unexpected things like > catalyze LENR. > >> On Fri, Mar 11, 2016 at 5:48 PM, Stephen Cooke <stephen_coo...@hotmail.com> >> wrote: >> Hi Axil a couple of quick questions? >> >> Was it confirmed the pulse was only a few seconds? I thought they only >> spotted it in the spectrum at the end of longer session but are not sure >> exactly when and how long it lasted once initiated? >> >> I have been trying to find papers and references on high energy gamma >> absorption by SPP... I suppose your dark mode plasmons could you point me to >> a reference? Also Does it require degenerate matter to form or some other >> method? I know you have circulated a lot of documents and background on the >> broader ideas about SPP but is there is one you recommend that specifically >> on these points? >> >> Thanks Stephen >> >>> On 11 mrt. 2016, at 23:16, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> wrote: >>> >>> Something must produce those electrons and that something (Alpha. beta} >>> produces EMF energy at a well defined gamma level. >>> >>> Bright mode release of "photons" from SPPs when they decay...before an SPP >>> BEC becomes active. >>> >>>> On Fri, Mar 11, 2016 at 5:05 PM, Bob Cook <frobertc...@hotmail.com> wrote: >>>> Axil-- >>>> >>>> Bremsstrahlung radiation is due to inelastic scattering of electrons as >>>> they pass through matter. There are no resonances. The radiations occurs >>>> as a result of an electron changing direction as a result of the electric >>>> field it is passing through. This change in direction (acceleration) saps >>>> energy from the kinetic energy of the free electron and distributes that >>>> energy as electromagnetic radiation equivalent to the loss of kinetic >>>> energy of the electron. The spectrum is random photons because the >>>> distance and charge of particles being encountered by an energetic >>>> electron is random. Thus the forces on the electron, whether due to other >>>> lattice electrons or positive charges in the lattice are random in >>>> magnitude. >>>> >>>> Landau distributions of the energy of photons do not apply to free >>>> electrons unless they are at relativistic velocities and have an effective >>>> mass like a proton, pion, alpha or other heavy particle. >>>> >>>> What do you consider is the likely mechanism producing the "Landau >>>> distribution" you suggest? Specifically, what particles are involved in >>>> the generation of the spectrum? >>>> >>>> Bob Cook >>>> >>>> -----Original Message----- From: Axil Axil >>>> Sent: Friday, March 11, 2016 10:19 AM >>>> To: vortex-l >>>> Subject: Re: [Vo]: Bremsstrahlung experimental note >>>> >>>> The seconds long MFMP X-ray burst is smooth and demonstrates no >>>> resonance energy peaks caused by the interaction of electrons with >>>> matter. The MFMP burst is strictly a release of photons in a random >>>> energy distribution. >>>> >>>> A Landau distribution is what we are seeing in the MFMP radiation >>>> plot. It is the release of energy by particles based on a random >>>> release process. This is seen when a particle gives up its kinetic >>>> energy to a thin film as the particles interact randomly with the >>>> matter in the thin film. >>>> >>>> If SPPs are releasing their energy based on a random timeframe and/or >>>> based on a random accumulation amount, a Landau distribution of energy >>>> release will be seen. >>>> >>>> You might see a Landau distribution if there is a random mixing of >>>> both low energy photons (infrared) and high energy photons (gamma's >>>> from the nucleus); >>>> >>>> Such mixing is produced by Fano resonance, where an SPPs are being fed >>>> by both infrared photon pumping and nuclear based gamma photon >>>> absorption. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>> On Fri, Mar 11, 2016 at 1:05 PM, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>> Electrons may have nothing to do with the x-ray radiation. >>>>> >>>>> The radiation could be produced by photon based quasiparticles. >>>>> >>>>> The LENR reaction might start with Surface Plasmon Polaritons >>>>> initiated nuclear reactions and then after thermalization, the decay >>>>> of those SPPs. When the SPPs decay, they release their energy content >>>>> as photons of varng energies, >>>>> >>>>> After a second or two, a Bose condensate of these SPPs form and the >>>>> energy of the photons are released as hawking radiation which is >>>>> thermal. >>>>> >>>>> The radiation seen only lasts for a second. >>>>> >>>>> In LENR we get either high energy radiation (x-rays) or heat; not >>>>> both. This is based on the temperature of the reactor. A cold reactor >>>>> produces X-Rays because of weak SPP pumping.. >>>>> >>>>> The SPP absorbs nuclear binding energy and stores it in a whispering >>>>> gallery wave (WGW) in a dark mode. The energy is stored inside the WGW >>>>> until the WGW goes to a bright mode when the SPP decays. This >>>>> conversion from dark mode to bright mode happens in a random >>>>> distribution. >>>>> >>>>> When the temperature is raised over a thermal conversion limit, a BEC >>>>> is formed where the stored nuclear binding energy is released from the >>>>> SPP BEC as hawking radiation which is thermal. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> On Fri, Mar 11, 2016 at 12:34 PM, Bob Cook <frobertc...@hotmail.com> >>>>>> wrote: >>>>>> The effectiveness of the SS can at stopping any high energy electrons >>>>>> that >>>>>> cause Bremsstrahlung would depend upon the thickness of the can (or >>>>>> alumina) >>>>>> and the energy of the incident electrons. I think the loss of energy per >>>>>> scattering event is proportional to Z ^2 for the nucleus that is doing >>>>>> the >>>>>> scattering. Al at Z=13 and with Fe at Z=26 the intensity of the >>>>>> Bremsstrahlung signal would be about a factor of 4 different. The mean >>>>>> length of the path of an electron is a good parameter to know for any >>>>>> given >>>>>> substance (basically its density) vs the incident energy of the electron. >>>>>> Shielding engineering curves provide this information I believe. Iron >>>>>> being significantly more dense than Al2O3 would be much better at slowing >>>>>> electrons and thus producing Bremsstrahlung IMHO. >>>>>> >>>>>> At high electron energies the change of direction of the electron going >>>>>> through SS can would be less than for a low energy electron. For slow >>>>>> electrons scattering can significantly change the direction of an >>>>>> incident >>>>>> electron such that all Bremsstrahlung would be emitted from the material >>>>>> that stopped the electron. >>>>>> >>>>>> I think with a SS can present in the system vs no can and only Alumina >>>>>> stopping the electrons, one would expect to see a more intense signal at >>>>>> high energy compared to the spectrum from the Alumina reactor chamber. >>>>>> The >>>>>> absorption of the EM Bremsstrahlung by the respective media would also >>>>>> have >>>>>> to be considered. Neither Alumina nor SS may transmit some of the >>>>>> Bremsstrahlung spectrum very well. Thus the effective shielding of the >>>>>> EM >>>>>> radiation considering a distributed source would have to be evaluated for >>>>>> the resulting high energy EM and the signal intensity corrected >>>>>> accordingly. >>>>>> The cut off at the high energy spectrum will be a useful value to know to >>>>>> understand the maximum energy of the electron source. This may provide >>>>>> information about the reaction producing the electrons. The change of >>>>>> the >>>>>> intensity of the Bremsstrahlung signal as a function of the magnetic >>>>>> field >>>>>> would also provide information as to whether or not the lattice >>>>>> orientation >>>>>> of the nano fuel was important. One might expect that the electrons >>>>>> being >>>>>> produced by the respective LENR reaction would produced in some preferred >>>>>> direction. >>>>>> >>>>>> Bob Cook >>>>>> From: Bob Higgins >>>>>> Sent: Friday, March 11, 2016 6:09 AM >>>>>> To: vortex-l@eskimo.com >>>>>> Subject: [Vo]: Bremsstrahlung experimental note >>>>>> >>>>>> I don't know if other Vorts thought of this already... but I had a minor >>>>>> epiphany regarding the radiation that MFMP measured in GS5.2. We >>>>>> identified >>>>>> this radiation tentatively as bremsstrahlung. This has certain >>>>>> implications. Bremsstrahlung requires that the high speed electrons >>>>>> impact >>>>>> on a high atomic mass element so as to be accelerated/decelerated >>>>>> quickly to >>>>>> produce the radiation. It could be that the stainless steel can that >>>>>> contained the fuel was an important component in seeing the >>>>>> bremsstrahlung. >>>>>> Without the can, there would still be the Ni for the electrons to hit, >>>>>> but >>>>>> the Ni is covered with light atomic mass Li. If the electrons were to >>>>>> strike alumina (no fuel can present), I don't think there would be >>>>>> nearly as >>>>>> much bremsstrahlung because alumina is comprised of light elements. >>>>>> >>>>>> Thus, the stainless steel can for the fuel may be an important component >>>>>> for >>>>>> seeing the bremsstrahlung. >>>>>> >>>>>> Bob Higgins >>>> >>> >
