Ed Storms posted: 1. Not all of the water is turned to steam.
If applied power is making all of steam, the following would be observed. Applied power = 745 watt Flow rate = 7 liter/hr = 1.94 g/sec Power to heat water to 100° = 73°*4.18*1.94 = 592 watt Power to make steam = 745 - 592 = 153 watt Amount of steam produced = 153/2270 = 0.07g/sec out of 1.94 g/sec = 3.4 % of water flow. The chimney would fill with water through which steam would bubble. The extra water would flow into the hose and block any steam from leaving. As the water cooled in the hose, the small amount of steam would quickly condense back to water. Consequently, the hose would fill with water that would flow out the exit at the same rate as the water entered the e-Cat. CONCLUSION: No steam would be visible at the end of the hose, which is not consistent with observation. Rich Murray: Some heat is lost by radiation and convection from the device and the hose. There may be only enough heat to vaporize a tiny fraction of the water, as evidenced by the steady 100.1 C temperature of the water exiting the device into the hose. No evidence for invisible steam at the output of the device has been shown. The system, device and hose, would be full of water from the pump outlet to the device to the end of the hose in the wall, dribbling water at 2 cc/sec, while any tiny bubbles of steam would have been condensed back into the water in the hose. This is a system that would behave as a continuous siphon, with rate of flow controlled by the input pump, from the input pump and electric heater device on the table to the hose on the floor and all the way to the hose end in the drain, about half the height of the table. Rossi and associates may have become adept at adjusting the system to behave in this way, allowing delusional claims of excess energy produced by vaporization, while maintaining a stable process for hours, presenting convincing appearances for those who are motivated to be convinced. At the end of the very warm hose, which was emptied into the drain, when Rossi lifted it before detaching it and raising it up for display, only a slight mist appeared for a few seconds -- evidence for a small amount of very warm saturated air encountering the cooler air outside the tube. Storms and many others have misread the slight mist shown for a few seconds in the video.
