Recently I had purchased a dual-CPU MacPro 4,1 (flashed to 5,1) to upgrade from
my 2,1 running El Capitan.  I had to have High Sierra in order to run my work's
VMware tasks, and the 5,1 is capable of this.  (Not, however, without the 6-core
CPU's.)  I'd bought a low-speed 4,1 single-CPU tray, cheaply, one that had been
upgraded to a 6-core X5650 device.  This was 'slow', at 2.66GHz, but honestly
it did a fine job as it was.  (This was for interim use while I collected 
upgrade
parts, and for testing and as a backup.)

I, however, was determined to upgrade the dual-CPU card to the max, just as I
had done its 2,1 predecessor.  I bought two X5690's, these are 6-core 3.46GHz
devices.  Nothing better is available for a dual-CPU configuration.  That was
about $150 right there.

For thermal reasons, though, the heat sinks are different on the dual-CPU 4,1
machines.  There isn't enough room to fit two of the single-CPU sinks, so Apple
spec'd de-lidded CPUs for the duals, and those are a bit hard to come by.  
They're
also more expensive.  But, you can de-lid them yourself.  (The aftermarket 
attempts
to try to fit lidded CPU's in these is pure butchery, and I want no part of it. 
 Especially
since they've done nothing to cure any thermal problems that were the reasons 
for
using lidless CPU's to begin with.)

I did this.  Paranoid, though, I'd bought another X5650 to practice on, $6.  
Good
thing I did, I managed to destroy it, two different ways, while de-lidding it.  
Having
learned what NOT to do, though, meant that the de-lidding of the expensive 
X5690's
went smoothly.  I'm typing this on the newly-upgraded machine.

12 total 3.46 GHz Xeon cores; 24 hyperthreads.  48GB of 1,333 MHz DDR3 ECC DRAM.
SSD for booting, terabyte spinny disks for data storage.  Blu-ray and DVD/CD 
optical
drives, both can burn.  It should be good for several years of use.  The 2,1 
predecessor
served me for 4 years, and only its inability to run my work VMware prompted the
upgrade; everything else worked great.

-- Jim


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