Answer for nominal9 =. A black hole can be Vacuum. 1. A black hole has a temperature within a few millionths of a degree above absolute zero: T=0K. / Oxford. Dictionary./ 2. A stellar black hole of one solar mass has a Hawking temperature of about 100 nanokelvins. This is far less than the 2.7 K temperature of the cosmic microwave background.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole 3. Previous Picture of the Day articles about black holes suggested that the terminology used to describe “gravitational point sources” is highly speculative: space/time, singularities, and infinite density are abstract concepts, precluding a realistic investigation into the nature of the Universe. / Oct 12, 2011. Black hole theory contradicts itself. By Stephen Smith / =. My heretical idea: The ‘black hole’ with thermodynamic temperature about - –--> T= 0K. is a Homogeneous Energy Vacuum Space between billions Galaxies. =. Best wishes. Israel Sadovnik Socratus ===. On Thu, May 16, 2013 at 11:26 PM, nominal9 <nomin...@yahoo.com> wrote: > Question for you....Socratus..... > > How much of this "dark-matter/energy" is held in "black hole" > conditions... or is there.. other > non-gravity-compressed "dark-matter/energy" floating around nearby (so to > speak) but "we" just can't sense it near us in any known way? > > On Thursday, May 16, 2013 12:41:14 PM UTC-4, sadovnik socratus wrote: >> >> Who created the material Universe? >> About 96% of the matter in the whole Universe is unseen >> dark matter/energy. Nobody knows what it is. >> And only about 4% is physical /classical matter. >> It is possible to suggest that from >> 96% of unseen dark matter/energy was created the 4% >> of the known matter. >> It is possible to suggest that this unseen dark matter/energy >> consist on virtual particles (according to Dirac) and they can become >> (in some way, for example - through vacuum fluctuation) >> real particles (for example: photons and electrons|). >> And these real particles created the visual matter universe. >> =. >> What you can say about this subject? >> ==. >> >> >> On Thu, May 16, 2013 at 12:37 PM, awori achoka <awori....@gmail.com>wrote: >> >>> The idea of a universe that orders and organises itself--wears me down. >>> So, i wouldn't even try. >>> >>> >>> ** >>> *Committed to strategic visioning and the state of our nationhood. >>> * >>> ** >>> >>> >>> On Wed, May 15, 2013 at 6:48 PM, i.sadovnik socratus <is.so...@gmail.com >>> > wrote: >>> >>>> Why don't you wish ''even'' to try? >>>> >>>> >>>> On Wed, May 15, 2013 at 1:01 PM, awori achoka <awori....@gmail.com>wrote: >>>> >>>>> LOL---I wouldn't even try. >>>>> >>>>> The nature of events in nature always amaze me. Who determines the >>>>> causality of events in the universe? I wouldn't mind the crushing of stars >>>>> and the formation of all manner of objects--but then, you bring in humans >>>>> (conscious) and the whole story changes. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> ** >>>>> *Committed to strategic visioning and the state of our nationhood. >>>>> * >>>>> ** >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> On Wed, May 15, 2013 at 6:46 AM, sadovnik socratus <is.so...@gmail.com >>>>> > wrote: >>>>> >>>>>> Take your time. >>>>>> = >>>>>> >>>>>> On May 14, 11:00 pm, nominal9 <nomin...@yahoo.com> wrote: >>>>>> > sure.... give me five years to try to understand Faster than >>>>>> Light.... OK? >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>>>> > On Monday, May 13, 2013 11:43:41 AM UTC-4, sadovnik socratus wrote: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > More details >>>>>> > > ===. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > The basis of SRT ( by an uneducated Socratus) >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > ===. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > SRT is based on four facts. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Fact number 1: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > The constant speed of photon in vacuum is minimal. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > ( from vacuum's point of view and tachyon theory ) >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Fact number 2: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > The inertia of photon depends on its potential energy: E=Mc^2 >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > In 1905 Einstein asked: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > “ Does the inertia of a body depend upon its energy content ?” >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > As he realized the answer was: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > “ Yes, it depends on E= Mc^2 ” >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > It means that inertia of quantum particle (photon, electron ) >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > depends on E= Mc^2 ( nobody explains the details of such >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > possibility of inertia movement. How can E=Mc^2 >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > be responsible for inertial movement of quantum particle ? ) >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Someone wrote to me: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > “An old professor of mine used to say >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > that anyone who can answer that question >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > what inertia is, would win a Nobel Prize. “ >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Fact number 3: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Every speed and energy >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > ( including the speed and energy of photon ) are relative. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Speed, energy, impulse . . . . etc they are physical parameters >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > which belong to one, single quantum particle. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > If you change one parameter all others will change automatically >>>>>> too. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > For example : >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > In 1916 Sommerfeld found the formula of electron : e^2=ah*c. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > If you change one electron's parameter all others parameters >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > also will be changed and the electron's energy will change too. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Take, for example, electron in atom. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Electron tied with atom by the energy: E=-me^4/2h*^2= -13,6eV. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > But if someone parameter changes, then electron jumps out from >>>>>> atom >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > with energy E=h*f ( it is said: electron emits quantum of light, >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > but where this quantum of light is hidden in the electron, in >>>>>> which pocket >>>>>> > > ?) >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > In vacuum the energy of electron is E=Mc^2 (according to SRT and >>>>>> Dirac), >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > but when someone parameter is changed then electron jumps out >>>>>> from >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > vacuum with energy E=h*f. ( effect of vacuum fluctuation ). >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Fact number 4: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > The Lorentz equations explain the transformations (revolving >>>>>> movement) >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > of quantum particles using the Goudsmit – Uhlenbeck inner >>>>>> impulse >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > of particle: h* = h/ 2pi. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > ===. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > All the best. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Israel Sadovnik Socratus >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > =====… >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > P.S. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > " Einstein's special theory of relativity is based on two >>>>>> postulates: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > One is the relativity of motion, and the second is the constancy >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > and universality of the speed of light. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Could the first postulate be true and the other false? >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > If that was not possible, Einstein would not have had to make two >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > postulates. But I don't think many people realized until recently >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > that you could have a consistent theory in which you changed only >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > the second postulate." >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > / Lee Smolin, The Trouble With Physics, p. 226. / >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > # >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Question: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Can quantum of light change its constant speed ? >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > Answer: Faster-than-light. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/**Faster-than-light<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faster-than-light> >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > etc . . . >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > ===… >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > On Mon, May 13, 2013 at 6:05 PM, nominal9 >>>>>> > > <nomi...@yahoo.com<javascript:> >>>>>> > > > wrote: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >> So... Socratus and Awori..... I guess I should ask the question >>>>>> > >> differently.... do photons have "mass"? >>>>>> > >>https://en.wikipedia.org/**wiki/Photon<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon> >>>>>> > >> Experimental checks on photon mass >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >> The photon is currently understood to be strictly massless, but >>>>>> this is >>>>>> > >> an experimental question. If the photon is not a strictly >>>>>> massless >>>>>> > >> particle, it would not move at the exact speed of light in >>>>>> vacuum, *c*. >>>>>> > >> Its speed would be lower and depend on its frequency. Relativity >>>>>> would be >>>>>> > >> unaffected by this; the so-called speed of light, *c*, would >>>>>> then not be >>>>>> > >> the actual speed at which light moves, but a constant of nature >>>>>> which is >>>>>> > >> the maximum speed that any object could theoretically attain in >>>>>> space-time. >>>>>> > >> [21] >>>>>> > >> <https://en.wikipedia.org/**wiki/Photon#cite_note-23<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#cite_note-23>> >>>>>> Thus, it would >>>>>> > >> still be the speed of space-time ripples (gravitational waves< >>>>>> https://en.wikipedia.**org/wiki/Gravitational_waves<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_waves> >>>>>> >**and >>>>>> > >> gravitons >>>>>> > >> <https://en.wikipedia.org/**wiki/Graviton<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton>>), >>>>>> but it would not be >>>>>> > >> the speed of photons. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >> A massive photon would have other effects as well. Coulomb's law< >>>>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/**wiki/Coulomb%27s_law<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law>>would >>>>>> be modified and the electromagnetic field would have an extra >>>>>> > >> physical degree of freedom. These effects yield more sensitive >>>>>> experimental >>>>>> > >> probes of the photon mass than the frequency dependence of the >>>>>> speed of >>>>>> > >> light. If Coulomb's law is not exactly valid, then that would >>>>>> cause the >>>>>> > >> presence of an electric field<https://en.wikipedia.** >>>>>> org/wiki/Electric_field<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field>>inside >>>>>> a hollow conductor when it is subjected to an external electric >>>>>> > >> field. This thus allows one to test<https://en.wikipedia.org/** >>>>>> wiki/Tests_of_electromagnetism<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tests_of_electromagnetism> >>>>>> **>Coulomb's law to very high precision. >>>>>> > >> [22] >>>>>> > >> <https://en.wikipedia.org/**wiki/Photon#cite_note-24<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#cite_note-24>> >>>>>> A null result >>>>>> > >> of such an experiment has set a limit of *m* ≲ 10−14 eV/c2.[23]< >>>>>> https://en.**wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#**cite_note-25<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#cite_note-25> >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >> Sharper upper limits have been obtained in experiments designed >>>>>> to detect >>>>>> > >> effects caused by the galactic vector potential<https://en.** >>>>>> wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_**potential<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_potential> >>>>>> >. >>>>>> > >> Although the galactic vector potential is very large because the >>>>>> galactic magnetic >>>>>> > >> field >>>>>> > >> <https://en.wikipedia.org/**wiki/Magnetic_field<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field>> >>>>>> exists on very long >>>>>> > >> length scales, only the magnetic field is observable if the >>>>>> photon is >>>>>> > >> massless. In case of a massive photon, the mass term [image: >>>>>> > >> \scriptstyle\frac{1}{2} m^2 A_{\mu}A^{\mu}] would affect the >>>>>> galactic >>>>>> > >> plasma. The fact that no such effects are seen implies an upper >>>>>> bound on >>>>>> > >> the photon mass of *m* < 3×10−27 eV/c2.[24]<https://en.** >>>>>> wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#**cite_note-26<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#cite_note-26>>The >>>>>> galactic vector potential can also be probed directly by measuring the >>>>>> > >> torque exerted on a magnetized ring.[25]<https://en.** >>>>>> wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#**cite_note-27<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#cite_note-27>>Such >>>>>> methods were used to obtain the sharper upper limit of 10 >>>>>> > >> −18eV/c2 (the equivalent of 1.07×10−27 atomic mass units) given >>>>>> by the >>>>>> > >> Particle Data Group.[26]<https://en.**wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon# >>>>>> **cite_note-amsler-28<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#cite_note-amsler-28> >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >> These sharp limits from the non-observation of the effects >>>>>> caused by the >>>>>> > >> galactic vector potential have been shown to be model >>>>>> dependent.[27]<https://en.**wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#**cite_note-29<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#cite_note-29>>If >>>>>> the photon mass is generated via the Higgs >>>>>> > >> mechanism >>>>>> > >> <https://en.wikipedia.org/**wiki/Higgs_mechanism<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_mechanism>> >>>>>> then the upper >>>>>> > >> limit of *m*≲10−14 eV/c2 from the test of Coulomb's law is valid. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >> Photons inside superconductors<https://en.**wikipedia.org/wiki/* >>>>>> *Superconductors <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductors>>do >>>>>> develop a nonzero effective >>>>>> > >> rest mass<https://en.wikipedia.org/** >>>>>> wiki/Effective_mass_%28solid-**state_physics%29<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_mass_%28solid-state_physics%29> >>>>>> >; >>>>>> > >> as a result, electromagnetic forces become short-range inside >>>>>> > >> superconductors.[28] <https://en.wikipedia.org/** >>>>>> wiki/Photon#cite_note-30<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#cite_note-30> >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >> See also: Supernova/Acceleration Probe<https://en.wikipedia.** >>>>>> org/wiki/Supernova/**Acceleration_Probe<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova/Acceleration_Probe> >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >> On Saturday, May 11, 2013 1:31:48 PM UTC-4, sadovnik socratus >>>>>> wrote: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>> photon is an energy/mass particle: E=Mc^2 >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>> this energy/mass ( E=Mc^2 ) is not constant parameter >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>> this energy/mass ( E=Mc^2 ) can be changed ( together with >>>>>> speed ) >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>> for example: E=Mc^2 changes into E=h*f and vice versa >>>>>> > >>> == >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>> On Sat, May 11, 2013 at 4:53 PM, nominal9 <nomi...@yahoo.com> >>>>>> wrote: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>>https://en.wikipedia.org/**wiki/**Photon<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/**Photon> >>>>>> <https://en.**wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon> >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>> Do you agree with this? >>>>>> > >>>> so, is a photon energy or particle..... when, if both?...... >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>> On Saturday, May 11, 2013 7:03:26 AM UTC-4, sadovnik socratus >>>>>> wrote: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>>> SRT by an uneducated Socratus. >>>>>> > >>>>> =. >>>>>> > >>>>> SRT is based on three facts ! >>>>>> > >>>>> Fact number 1: >>>>>> > >>>>> The constant speed of photon in vacuum is minimal. >>>>>> > >>>>> Fact number 2: >>>>>> > >>>>> The inertia of photon depends on its potential energy: E=Mc^2 >>>>>> > >>>>> Fact number 3: >>>>>> > >>>>> Every speed and energy >>>>>> > >>>>> ( including the speed and energy of photon ) are relative. >>>>>> > >>>>> ===. >>>>>> > >>>>> Israel Socratus >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>>> -- >>>>>> > >>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>> Google >>>>>> > >>>> Groups "Epistemology" group. >>>>>> > >>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>> it, send >>>>>> > >>>> an email to >>>>>> > >>>> epistemology...@**googlegroups**.com<http://googlegroups.com> >>>>>> . >>>>>> > >>>> To post to this group, send email to >>>>>> episte...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>> > >>>> Visit this group athttp://groups.google.com/**** >>>>>> group/epistemology?hl=en<http://groups.google.com/**group/epistemology?hl=en> >>>>>> <http:**//groups.google.com/group/**epistemology?hl=en<http://groups.google.com/group/epistemology?hl=en> >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>> . >>>>>> > >>>> For more options, visithttps://groups.google.** >>>>>> com/**groups/opt_out <http://groups.google.com/**groups/opt_out>< >>>>>> https://**groups.google.com/groups/opt_**out<https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out> >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>>> . >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >>> -- >>>>>> > >>> You do not really understand something unless you can explain >>>>>> > >>> it to your grandmother. / Albert Einstein / >>>>>> > >>> The secret of God and Existence is hidden in ‘Quantum of Light >>>>>> Theory ’. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > >> -- >>>>>> > >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>> Google Groups >>>>>> > >> "Epistemology" group. >>>>>> > >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>> it, send an >>>>>> > >> email to epistemology...@googlegroups.**com <javascript:>. >>>>>> > >> To post to this group, send email to episte...@googlegroups.com< >>>>>> **javascript:> >>>>>> > >> . >>>>>> > >> Visit this group athttp://groups.google.com/** >>>>>> group/epistemology?hl=en<http://groups.google.com/group/epistemology?hl=en> >>>>>> . >>>>>> > >> For more options, visithttps://groups.google.** >>>>>> com/groups/opt_out <http://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out>. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > > -- >>>>>> > > You do not really understand something unless you can explain... >>>>>> > >>>>>> > read more » >>>>>> >>>>>> -- >>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>>>> Groups "Epistemology" group. >>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, >>>>>> send an email to epistemology...@**googlegroups.com. >>>>>> To post to this group, send email to episte...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/** >>>>>> group/epistemology?hl=en<http://groups.google.com/group/epistemology?hl=en> >>>>>> . >>>>>> For more options, visit >>>>>> https://groups.google.com/**groups/opt_out<https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out> >>>>>> . >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> -- >>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>>> Groups "Epistemology" group. >>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>>>> an email to epistemology...@**googlegroups.com. >>>>> To post to this group, send email to episte...@googlegroups.com. >>>>> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/** >>>>> group/epistemology?hl=en<http://groups.google.com/group/epistemology?hl=en> >>>>> . >>>>> For more options, visit >>>>> https://groups.google.com/**groups/opt_out<https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out> >>>>> . >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> -- >>>> You do not really understand something unless you can explain >>>> it to your grandmother. / Albert Einstein / >>>> The secret of God and Existence is hidden in ‘Quantum of Light Theory >>>> ’. >>>> >>>> -- >>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>> Groups "Epistemology" group. >>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>>> an email to epistemology...@**googlegroups.com. >>>> To post to this group, send email to episte...@googlegroups.com. >>>> Visit this group at >>>> http://groups.google.com/**group/epistemology?hl=en<http://groups.google.com/group/epistemology?hl=en> >>>> . >>>> For more options, visit >>>> https://groups.google.com/**groups/opt_out<https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out> >>>> . >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >>> -- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed 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