Re: [Emc-users] parameters

2011-12-13 Thread Michael Haberler
for master, I've expanded the parameters section quite a bit, and I did it in 
'G-Code Overview' for numbered and named parameters

http://www.linuxcnc.org/docs/devel/html/gcode/overview.html#_a_id_sec_parameters_a_parameters_variables_in_g_code_programs

note the named parameter stuff is applicable to master, not earlier branches

-m, 


Am 12.12.2011 um 18:43 schrieb andy pugh:

 On 12 December 2011 17:34, Ralph Stirling ralph.stirl...@wallawalla.edu 
 wrote:
 I've been studying the documentation and the source code for information on
 G-code readable/writeable parameters.  I have yet to find a good summary of
 all the defined parameters in a single place.  So far, I've found #5161-#5390
 and #5400-#5428 defined in interp_array.cc.  #5061-5070 are defined in
 interp_internal.cc, and rs274ngc_pre.cc defines #5599 to #5601 and #5399 to
 #5413.  Some of these are mentioned in the G Code Reference manual.
 Have I missed any?
 
 I think most of them are here:
 http://www.linuxcnc.org/docview/2.5/html/common/machining_center.html#_parameters_a_id_sub_parameters_a
 
 Though I agree that isn't the most obvious place to look.
 
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[Emc-users] [OT]elettromagnetic brakes

2011-12-13 Thread Spiderdab
Hi, and sorry for the ot question, but maybe your knowledge can help me.

Do you know of someone selling cheap safety brakes, to be mounted on the
back shaft of a stepper motor, with a torque of 570oz/in (about 4N/mt).
I mean those when if current goes off they brake.

Thank for any suggestion, Davide.


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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Tom Easterday
Thanks for the info Jon.  We are seeing a small (about 0.001) position error 
just on initial acceleration and deceleration that we cannot account for.  It 
may be due to the encoder.  Since this is mainly a plasma machine we will 
probably live with it.  If we need to do better we'll look at replacing the 
encoders.  We now know the string attached to our cheap encoder :-)
-Tom

On Dec 13, 2011, at 12:21 AM, Jon Elson wrote:
 Yes, that is EXACTLY the kind of problem I saw.  This encoder is highly 
 interpolated, so
 it has a tracking counter that is incremented or decremented by an 
 estimate of the current
 velocity.  If you don't do these computations correctly, there is a lag 
 in responding to
 changes in velocity.  As far as I can tell, the interpolator in such 
 devices as the Analog
 Devices AD2S1200 has a really fine 2nd or 3rd order filter to make this 
 work well.
 Obviously, CUI did not go to the trouble of such mathematics.
 
 After never being happy with these encoders and having a bit of customer 
 feedback,
 I decided to compare to a standard HP optical encoder (with no 
 interpolation.)
 So, I put the optical encoder on the other end of the motor, and fed 
 both to encoder
 inputs on my PWM controller board.  Most useful was to plot velocity 
 derived from
 both encoders at the same time.  This comes up often enough, I have the 
 plots
 permanently on my web site.  See
 http://pico-systems.com/images/compare_encoder2.png
 
 The red trace is the CUI encoder, which was controlling the motor 
 (badly).  The white
 trace is the HP encoder.  Both are providing 4000 counts/rev.  You can 
 clearly see
 the velocity peaks of the CUI encoder are higher, and if you look 
 closely at the
 slopes, you can see the CUI is slow to react to velocity changes, and 
 then has to
 overshoot significantly so the position can catch up.  This of course 
 accounts for
 the bad servo behavior.  As the Halscope is set for 20 ms/div, the 
 velocity lag
 is easily 3-5 ms in duration!
 
 If you have a plain optical encoder handy, you could easily set up the same
 arrangement to compare the encoders.
 
 Jon


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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Peter C. Wallace
On Tue, 13 Dec 2011, Tom Easterday wrote:

 Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2011 11:45:41 -0500
 From: Tom Easterday tom-...@bgp.nu
 Reply-To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC)
 emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC) emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 Subject: Re: [Emc-users] Encoders
 
 Thanks for the info Jon.  We are seeing a small (about 0.001) position error 
 just on initial acceleration and deceleration that we cannot account for. 
 It may be due to the encoder.  Since this is mainly a plasma machine we will 
 probably live with it.  If we need to do better we'll look at replacing the 
 encoders.  We now know the string attached to our cheap encoder :-) -Tom



Have you tried using FF2 to tune out the lag/lead during accel/decel?

(a jerk limited profile would also help)

Peter Wallace
Mesa Electronics

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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Jon Elson
Viesturs Lācis wrote:
 2011/12/13 Jon Elson el...@pico-systems.com:
   
 Watch out for the CUI AMT-10x encoders at Digi-Key, they have a lag
 responding to acceleration, and
 may not be well-suited to CNC systems such as EMC2.
 

 Thanks for the warning, Jon!
  I happen to have bought these encoders for one of the machines...
 Do I understand correctly that they are working fine, but I will need
 to decrease max acceleration to get better performance of the encoder?
   
The problem is there is a lag between acceleration and the encoder 
responding to it.
If your servo loop can be tuned for good performance, you are lucky. The 
more
massive the load, the better, I guess. The worst case is a low-inertia 
motor sitting
on the bench. But, if you cannot get the loop response tuned properly, 
then there
really is nothing you can do to fix that. The problem is that when 
velocity changes,
the encoder does not correctly report position. It reports what the 
position WOULD
have been if there had not been an acceleration.

Decreasing max accel will help prevent exciting any unstable response 
from G-code,
but external forces acting on the system cannot be controlled that way, 
and may
excite instability. In other words, reducing accel masks the problem, 
instead of
solving it. Reducing gain will help, but can make the servo response less
accurate.

Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Tom Easterday
On Dec 13, 2011, at 12:52 PM, Peter C. Wallace wrote:
 On Tue, 13 Dec 2011, Tom Easterday wrote:
 
 Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2011 11:45:41 -0500
 From: Tom Easterday tom-...@bgp.nu
 Reply-To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC)
emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC) emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 Subject: Re: [Emc-users] Encoders
 
 Thanks for the info Jon.  We are seeing a small (about 0.001) position error 
 just on initial acceleration and deceleration that we cannot account for. 
 It may be due to the encoder.  Since this is mainly a plasma machine we will 
 probably live with it.  If we need to do better we'll look at replacing the 
 encoders.  We now know the string attached to our cheap encoder :-) -Tom
 
 
 
 Have you tried using FF2 to tune out the lag/lead during accel/decel?
 

Yes.  Peter (working with me) spent a long time playing with FF2.  We were 
seeing large spikes at first and had FF2 set to 0.007 which helped to lower it 
to .002-.003.  We then realized we had the Granite Devices input filtering 
(which introduces a delay and is documented as doing so) turned on.  Turning 
that off has allowed us to lower FF2 to 0.000105, not zero but getting there.  
The remainder of the delay is now (possibly) coming from the encoder issue Jon 
has pointed out.

 (a jerk limited profile would also help)

What'd you call me?  :-)

What is a jerk limited profile?

-Tom


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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Jon Elson
Tom Easterday wrote:
 Thanks for the info Jon.  We are seeing a small (about 0.001) position error 
 just on initial acceleration and deceleration that we cannot account for.  It 
 may be due to the encoder.  Since this is mainly a plasma machine we will 
 probably live with it.  If we need to do better we'll look at replacing the 
 encoders.  We now know the string attached to our cheap encoder 
If you can send me a picture form Halscope, I can compare it to what I 
get.  Are you using FF2?
This can be quite helpful in fixing errors on acceleration.  You have to 
use it in VERY small
amounts, though, like .005 or even less.  It is easy to add too MUCH FF2 
and cause jerks
in the response.  Also, there is a manufacturing issue in these, where 
the encoder ring may
fit loosely on the splined hub that mounts to the shaft.  On some units 
you need to put a
little dab of RTV, super glue or whatever on the splined hub to lock the 
ring to it.  You
can poke the ring with an X-acto knife to see if there is any play 
between it and the hub
when the whole thing is assembled.

Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] [OT]elettromagnetic brakes

2011-12-13 Thread Dave
On 12/13/2011 8:41 AM, Spiderdab wrote:
 Hi, and sorry for the ot question, but maybe your knowledge can help me.

 Do you know of someone selling cheap safety brakes, to be mounted on the
 back shaft of a stepper motor, with a torque of 570oz/in (about 4N/mt).
 I mean those when if current goes off they brake.

 Thank for any suggestion, Davide.



Cheap and Safety don't normally go together.  ;-)

What do you consider cheap?

I'd like to find a less expensive holding brake for Nema 34 steppers, 
something in the $100 range would be nice.

I found these.

http://www.damencnc.com/en/components/motors-and-drivers/motor-add-ons/252
http://www.electroid.com/prod09.htm

Dave


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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Tom Easterday

On Dec 13, 2011, at 1:02 PM, Jon Elson wrote:
 The more massive the load, the better, I guess. The worst case is a 
 low-inertia  motor sitting on the bench.

Yes, this is an important point - that we have learned the hard way.   We were 
about to throw in the towel trying to tune our machine.  We have some fairly 
torquey (I can't believe that is actually a word:-) ) motors given the mass of 
the machine.  We finally got a little education on servos and ended up changing 
our gearing from 2:1 to 5:1 (and using an initial 10:1 gearbox attached to the 
motor).  This made ALL the difference in the world.  The machine runs smooth as 
silk now as there is a constant load on the motor to overcome the 10:1 gearing. 
 

Tom
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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Tom Easterday

On Dec 13, 2011, at 1:09 PM, Jon Elson wrote:
 If you can send me a picture form Halscope, I can compare it to what I 
 get.  Are you using FF2?
 This can be quite helpful in fixing errors on acceleration.  You have to 
 use it in VERY small
 amounts, though, like .005 or even less.  It is easy to add too MUCH FF2 
 and cause jerks
 in the response.  

Yes, see post in response to Peter Wallace.

 Also, there is a manufacturing issue in these, where 
 the encoder ring may
 fit loosely on the splined hub that mounts to the shaft.  On some units 
 you need to put a
 little dab of RTV, super glue or whatever on the splined hub to lock the 
 ring to it.  You
 can poke the ring with an X-acto knife to see if there is any play 
 between it and the hub
 when the whole thing is assembled.

Mariss from Gecko suggested this to me early on, so we super glued the collars 
to the shafts.  This did indeed help a little, one of them was slipping badly, 
the others perhaps a small amount.  He also suggested adding a tiny bit of 
silicone caulk to one of the cogs in the gear to take up any slop in the fit 
(both pieces are plastic after all).  I did that as well, but I don't think 
there was much slop to begin with so that provided no noticeable improvement.

-Tom


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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Peter C. Wallace
On Tue, 13 Dec 2011, Tom Easterday wrote:

 Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2011 13:06:31 -0500
 From: Tom Easterday tom-...@bgp.nu
 Reply-To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC)
 emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC) emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 Subject: Re: [Emc-users] Encoders
 
 On Dec 13, 2011, at 12:52 PM, Peter C. Wallace wrote:
 On Tue, 13 Dec 2011, Tom Easterday wrote:

 Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2011 11:45:41 -0500
 From: Tom Easterday tom-...@bgp.nu
 Reply-To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC)
emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC) emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 Subject: Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

 Thanks for the info Jon.  We are seeing a small (about 0.001) position error
 just on initial acceleration and deceleration that we cannot account for.
 It may be due to the encoder.  Since this is mainly a plasma machine we will
 probably live with it.  If we need to do better we'll look at replacing the
 encoders.  We now know the string attached to our cheap encoder :-) -Tom



 Have you tried using FF2 to tune out the lag/lead during accel/decel?


 Yes.  Peter (working with me) spent a long time playing with FF2.  We were 
 seeing large spikes at first and had FF2 set to 0.007 which helped to lower 
 it to .002-.003.  We then realized we had the Granite Devices input filtering 
 (which introduces a delay and is documented as doing so) turned on.  Turning 
 that off has allowed us to lower FF2 to 0.000105, not zero but getting there. 
  The remainder of the delay is now (possibly) coming from the encoder issue 
 Jon has pointed out.

 (a jerk limited profile would also help)

 What'd you call me?  :-)

 What is a jerk limited profile?

A cubic profile

Currently EMC uses a trapezoidal (linear) velocity profile (so parabolic 
position profile) This means the acceleration profile is a step function. The 
beginning of this step is whats hard to tune around (as you have found)

Jerk is the derivative of acceleration so is infinite with stepped 
acceleration (the current situation with EMC). By using a cubic profile where 
the acceleration is ramped (like velocity is now) starts and stops are much 
gentler and contain less high frequency components that make it hard to tune



 -Tom


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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Peter C. Wallace
On Tue, 13 Dec 2011, Tom Easterday wrote:

 Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2011 13:20:28 -0500
 From: Tom Easterday tom-...@bgp.nu
 Reply-To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC)
 emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC) emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 Subject: Re: [Emc-users] Encoders



Theres a FAQ fom AMT that mentions a jumper on the card that can be removed
to approximately 1/2 the filter time constant (at the expense of more noise)

Might be worth a try

www.amtencoder.com/Resources/Frequently-Asked-Questions

Peter Wallace
Mesa Electronics

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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Tom Easterday

On Dec 13, 2011, at 1:17 PM, Peter C. Wallace wrote:
 A cubic profile
 
 Currently EMC uses a trapezoidal (linear) velocity profile (so parabolic 
 position profile) This means the acceleration profile is a step function. The 
 beginning of this step is whats hard to tune around (as you have found)
 
 Jerk is the derivative of acceleration so is infinite with stepped 
 acceleration (the current situation with EMC). By using a cubic profile where 
 the acceleration is ramped (like velocity is now) starts and stops are much 
 gentler and contain less high frequency components that make it hard to tune


Thanks Peter.  And how/where does one set this as the velocity profile?
Tom
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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Peter C. Wallace
On Tue, 13 Dec 2011, Tom Easterday wrote:

 Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2011 13:44:01 -0500
 From: Tom Easterday tom-...@bgp.nu
 Reply-To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC)
 emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 To: Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC) emc-users@lists.sourceforge.net
 Subject: Re: [Emc-users] Encoders
 

 On Dec 13, 2011, at 1:17 PM, Peter C. Wallace wrote:
 A cubic profile

 Currently EMC uses a trapezoidal (linear) velocity profile (so parabolic
 position profile) This means the acceleration profile is a step function. The
 beginning of this step is whats hard to tune around (as you have found)

 Jerk is the derivative of acceleration so is infinite with stepped
 acceleration (the current situation with EMC). By using a cubic profile where
 the acceleration is ramped (like velocity is now) starts and stops are much
 gentler and contain less high frequency components that make it hard to 
 tune


 Thanks Peter.  And how/where does one set this as the velocity profile?
 Tom


Apply ~0.5 man year to Trajectory Planner

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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread andy pugh
On 13 December 2011 18:44, Tom Easterday tom-...@bgp.nu wrote:

 Thanks Peter.  And how/where does one set this as the velocity profile?

It isn't currently an option with EMC2. Though I think at least some
work has been done around adding it.

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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Tom Easterday

On Dec 13, 2011, at 1:09 PM, Jon Elson wrote:
 If you can send me a picture form Halscope, I can compare it to what I 
 get. 

See: 
http://bgp.nu/~tom/pub/XPosErr-VelCmd.png

These are versions without the velocity command at 250ipm and ~1500ipm:
http://bgp.nu/~tom/pub/XPosError-250ipm.png
http://bgp.nu/~tom/pub/XPosError-Rpaid.png

-Tom

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[Emc-users] newbee?

2011-12-13 Thread alice
hey im jeremy been paying attention two this for several months now and am 
moving forward with my mill. was curious has any body experimented with gm 
crankshaft sensors? it seems that a tonwheel should be pretty easy even with a 
manual machine and what is halscope? linux dso? if so what do i need thanx
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Re: [Emc-users] newbee?

2011-12-13 Thread andy pugh
On 13 December 2011 23:17, alice aliceyou...@localnet.com wrote:
 was curious has any body experimented with gm crankshaft sensors? it seems 
 that a tonwheel should be pretty easy even with a manual machine

I have considered using a Ford/PSA crank sensor (which is a hall
sensor and a magnetic  disc) but it would require changes to the
Encoder function to handle the missing-tooth index.
Dual sensor systems are starting to become common, which do quadrature
to track any drop-back of the crank, this is so that crank synch isn't
lost during engine shutdown for faster starting in stop-start
vehicles.

  and what is halscope? linux dso?

It is a utility built in to EMC2, it allows you to scope any of the
internal HAL values (which also includes any of the IO)


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Re: [Emc-users] [OT]elettromagnetic brakes

2011-12-13 Thread Spiderdab
Il giorno mar, 13/12/2011 alle 13.13 -0500, Dave ha scritto:
 On 12/13/2011 8:41 AM, Spiderdab wrote:
  Hi, and sorry for the ot question, but maybe your knowledge can help me.
 
  Do you know of someone selling cheap safety brakes, to be mounted on the
  back shaft of a stepper motor, with a torque of 570oz/in (about 4N/mt).
  I mean those when if current goes off they brake.
 
  Thank for any suggestion, Davide.
 
 
 
 Cheap and Safety don't normally go together.  ;-)
 
I know, but we are talking about a brake for 4N/mt, so it's a little
torque..
 What do you consider cheap?
 
 I'd like to find a less expensive holding brake for Nema 34 steppers, 
 something in the $100 range would be nice.
 
 I found these.
 
 http://www.damencnc.com/en/components/motors-and-drivers/motor-add-ons/252
 http://www.electroid.com/prod09.htm
 
 Dave
first are very nice, but cost too much! 124€ for one brake! i've found
something on rs site, that costs around 78€ per brake, but not with nema
size mount. It has the same torque, 3,95N/mt
http://it.rs-online.com/web/p/accessori-per-freni-frizioni/2677674/
about the second link, they don't put prices on the site, did you
already asked for? 


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Re: [Emc-users] newbee?

2011-12-13 Thread dave
On Tue, 13 Dec 2011 18:17:07 -0500
alice aliceyou...@localnet.com wrote:

 hey im jeremy been paying attention two this for several months now
 and am moving forward with my mill. was curious has any body
 experimented with gm crankshaft sensors? it seems that a tonwheel
 should be pretty easy even with a manual machine and what is
 halscope? linux dso? if so what do i need thanx

Jon Elson did something with an automotive sensor. 

http://pico-systems.com/bridge_spindle.html

Dave

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Re: [Emc-users] [OT]elettromagnetic brakes

2011-12-13 Thread gene heskett
On Tuesday, December 13, 2011 07:52:30 PM Spiderdab did opine:

 Il giorno mar, 13/12/2011 alle 13.13 -0500, Dave ha scritto:
  On 12/13/2011 8:41 AM, Spiderdab wrote:
   Hi, and sorry for the ot question, but maybe your knowledge can help
   me.
   
   Do you know of someone selling cheap safety brakes, to be mounted on
   the back shaft of a stepper motor, with a torque of 570oz/in (about
   4N/mt). I mean those when if current goes off they brake.
   
   Thank for any suggestion, Davide.
  
  Cheap and Safety don't normally go together.  ;-)
 
 I know, but we are talking about a brake for 4N/mt, so it's a little
 torque..
 
  What do you consider cheap?
  
  I'd like to find a less expensive holding brake for Nema 34 steppers,
  something in the $100 range would be nice.
  
  I found these.
  
  http://www.damencnc.com/en/components/motors-and-drivers/motor-add-ons
  /252 http://www.electroid.com/prod09.htm
  
  Dave
 
 first are very nice, but cost too much! 124€ for one brake! i've found
 something on rs site, that costs around 78€ per brake, but not with
 nema size mount. It has the same torque, 3,95N/mt
 http://it.rs-online.com/web/p/accessori-per-freni-frizioni/2677674/
 about the second link, they don't put prices on the site, did you
 already asked for?
 
 
I would, if building a ball screw machine, consider having an old gear on 
the drive, which could do double duty.  It, with an adjacent magnet to the 
hall sensors (note plural for quadrature sensing), with a portion of the 
edge of one tooth laid back for a third hall device to furnish the index, 
serve as an encoder.  But then just a bit more machining, and most any 
solenoid could be used to drive a parking pawl away from the gear where is 
was serving as a position lock when the solenoid's power is removed.  Once 
the suitable gear was obtained  mounted, and the hall effects stuff built, 
the addition of a solenoid to lock the gear is a very nominal cost, Perhaps 
3 or 4 bucks from All Electronics and your time to make the pawl it 
controls.

But my toys are stuck with steppers and acme bolts  they lock in place 
very solidly.

Cheers, Gene
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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Jon Elson
Peter C. Wallace wrote:
 Theres a FAQ fom AMT that mentions a jumper on the card that can be removed
 to approximately 1/2 the filter time constant (at the expense of more noise)
   
And, that is real hard to do once the hub has been glued!  Oops!

Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Jon Elson
Tom Easterday wrote:
 On Dec 13, 2011, at 1:09 PM, Jon Elson wrote:
   
 If you can send me a picture form Halscope, I can compare it to what I 
 get. 
 

 See: 
 http://bgp.nu/~tom/pub/XPosErr-VelCmd.png
   
Doesn't look that bad.  I'm a little surprised the FF2 can't make it 
better.  But, then these
systems with multiple smart controllers can be quite hard to tune.

Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] Encoders

2011-12-13 Thread Jon Elson
Tom Easterday wrote:

 These are versions without the velocity command at 250ipm and ~1500ipm
Oh, at 1500 IPM, maybe you need to turn up the servo thread to faster 
than 1 ms, or
have you tried that already?

Jon

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Re: [Emc-users] newbee?

2011-12-13 Thread Jon Elson
alice wrote:
 hey im jeremy been paying attention two this for several months now and am 
 moving forward with my mill. was curious has any body experimented with gm 
 crankshaft sensors? it seems that a tonwheel should be pretty easy even with 
 a manual machine and what is halscope? linux dso? if so what do i need thanx
   
I got some Avago Hall sensors from Digi-Key to build an encoder into the
head of my Bridgeport.  See http://pico-systems.com/bridge_spindle.html
It works great for rigid tapping.

Jon

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