Re: [SOLVED] Re: Acer Aspire 5 A515-45 touchpad suddenly stopped working on debian 12.5
On 6/7/24 16:39, Steinar Bang wrote: Steinar Bang : Sometime (a day or so maybe) before <2024-06-26 Wed 19:59> the touchpad stopped working on my Acer Aspire 5 with a MATE desktop on debian 12.5. At the time the laptop had gone 50 days since the last reboot so I figured something had gone wrong during the time and a reboot would fix it. So in <2024-06-29 Sat 18:07> I did a reboot as a result of "apt full-upgrade" to debian 12.5 and the touchpad still wasn't working. I have been thinking that the cause may be 1. A hardware failure? 2. I accidentially pressed a keyboard combination that disables the touchpad? 3. I have accidentially made some configuration change that disables the touchpad? The cause was number 2 and the key is F7 (without pressing the Fn key). Pressing F7 gave me the touchpad back. I decided to give this yet another try this morning and googled combinations of "acer aspire 5 fn key disable touchpad" I was told that Fn+F6 and Fn+F7 is supposed to toggle the touchpad on many Acer laptops. But pressing Fn+F6 or Fn+F7 had no more effect than anything else I had tried. But one thing I discovered was that many people have had the disappearing touchpad problem on Acer laptopns, also on Windows, and have tried everything around upgrading drivers and even upgrading from Windows 10 to Windows 11. So this is not a debian or GNU/linux specific issue. I am always reluctant to reboot but I decided I had to bite the bullet and boot into BIOS and see what I could find there. But I always, before doing anything, I do a quick google to see what I can find, search string "acer aspire touchpad bios", and there I found this thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/AcerOfficial/comments/ug3xks/touchpad_not_working_at_all_for_my_aspire_5_tried/ Specifically this posting: https://www.reddit.com/r/AcerOfficial/comments/ug3xks/comment/l1iia93/?utm_source=share_medium=web3x_name=web3xcss_term=1_content=share_button So I tried F6 without Fn and the screen went black. One more press on F6 and I had the desktop back. Then I tried F7 without Fn... nd touchpad was back. I fully supports the rants in the posting linked to above. Couldn't said it better myself. Have you considered changing the bios so that the Fn keys need the Fn key to alter the screen and touchpad and for that matter sound settings etc accidently. It means the Fn keys will also function what was considered normally for decades. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Results of Testmail_1-3
On 5/7/24 13:13, Max Nikulin wrote: On 05/07/2024 04:27, Michael Kjörling wrote: On 4 Jul 2024 22:12 +0200, from Hans: Weired thing at all. This "testing" of yours, so far, involves about two dozen emails, each of which sent to about 3000 people. 1. <https://www.debian.org/MailingLists/#codeofconduct> Do not send "test" messages to determine whether your mail client is working. 2. There is <https://lists.debian.org/debian-lists-test/> (side note: I believed, it was mentioned either on the page cited above or on <https://wiki.debian.org/DebianMailingLists>) 3. <https://www.debian.org/support#usenet> A lot of our mailing lists can be browsed as newsgroups, in the linux.debian.* hierarchy. is an alternative to fetch messages that do not pass through subscriber's mail provider. However not all headers may be available there I wonder if the repeated replying to self has raised questions with the spam filters? Hans, do you have access to an alternate smtp server, maybe your ISP or gmail? -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: how2 format a flash drive
On 30/6/24 06:43, mick.crane wrote: On 2024-06-29 17:46, Lee wrote: My gripes and difficulties are the same thing. No universal image viewer like Ifranview, geeqie is quick, something equivalent to notepad++, Geany +5 for geany -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: How to get an email notification every time a package is updated upstream?
On 30/6/24 15:45, B wrote: On 6/29/24 9:30 PM, John Crawley wrote: rmadison will fetch data about package versions available in the Debian repositories. Its output might be usefully parsed by a script. Thank you! I totally forgot about madison. https://qa.debian.org/madison.php What would happen if you ran: sudo apt update && sudo apt list --upgradable every hour or so via cron? Cron can email the output I believe -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: System time/timezone, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 28/6/24 16:13, John Crawley wrote: Except that midnight is also 0:00, so you still have the am/pm confusion. They should have kept 0:00 just for midnight really. That's the first time I've seen anything to justify calling midnight AM. Thankyou But how can mid-day be after mid-day? Ah: it has been set up as a convention. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: System time/timezone, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 25/6/24 07:53, The Wanderer wrote: Although I don't think anything or anyone actually does it this way, I think strictly speaking the correct 12-hour notation for that time would be "12:00 M" - followed by 12:00:01 PM, and preceded by 11:59:59 AM. Sorry to repeat you - well you did it MUCH more eloquently -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: System time/timezone, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 24/6/24 23:41, Erwan David wrote: AM/PM would not be so strange if between 11AM and 1 PM it was 12 AM ... Umm 12Meridian?? -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: System time/timezone, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 24/6/24 00:53, Curt wrote: On 2024-06-23, Nicholas Geovanis wrote: I think we are losing sight of the fact that all of timekeeping is an abstraction and over-generalization. Time zones were created to help regularize railroad schedules over wide areas. Timezones are an abstraction that permit us to _pretend_ that it is (physical) noon at the same clock time over an extended area. When in fact physical high-noon, determined by the sun's position in the sky, cannot be at the exact same time just a few centimeters west or east of my eyeballs. Well 150,000,000Km at 300,000Km/sec works out to 8min 20sec. There may be a second or 2 if you use accurate distance and speed of light. But then, the sun's circuit is slightly oval -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: System time/timezone, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 23/6/24 23:22, e...@gmx.us wrote: On 6/23/24 02:30, gene heskett wrote: A attribute the FCC forced on broadcasters as they like to see transmitter logs kept in 24 hour time. I got so used to it that when I retired in 2002, I'd been on 24 hour time for 40 years and didn't convert back to two 12 hour periods a day. I started using 24 hour time in junior high school with digital watches. I just thought it made more sense, especially for setting alarms. Several decades later I've not seen any reason to change, though it annoys my wife. -- "Hear Me, for I am The Lord. I have seen your browser history, and am wroth before it. Thus I shall strike down from the heavens a mighty blast, and lo, [thou] shalt no longer have access to the naughty pictures." sudo sudo The Book of Support, Chap 404 -- Osiris32 on TFTS Sounds like a good argument for an analogue clock -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: System time/timezone, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 23/6/24 18:57, Brad Rogers wrote: On Sun, 23 Jun 2024 15:35:14 +1000 Keith Bainbridge wrote: Hello Keith, +14:00?? I've only ever heard of maxima of +/- 12:00. AFAIAC, it was political willy waving, nothing more; To be 'first' into the new millennium. As if that has any cachet whatsoever. Now I see. They decreed that they were on the same day as Australia and New Zealand (apart from the odd hours). Makes sense. We both help assist them lots. I just wasn't aware that a culture could do that. But do the US protectorates in the west Pacific (like the place where our Julian Assange is in court this morning) also adjust there offset from UTC? That would likely make more sense. But the being first into the new millennium didn't work. All the IT gurus headed to New Zealand to see what was going to happen with Y2K bug. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: System time/timezone, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 23/6/24 18:56, Brad Rogers wrote: On Sun, 23 Jun 2024 13:01:10 +1000 Keith Bainbridge wrote: Hello Keith, Not to mention some cultures change how words are spelt: colour, odour, metres to quote a few. Due, mainly, to the literacy of the people that moved, rather than any deliberate choice. That is, spelling was often a 'best guess'. Oh, and in the UK, we used to spell it labor, too. It changed over the years to conform with colour, etc. Not sure why, but possibly to do with the Victorians insisting that language should conform to (largely mathematical) rules. However, as a keen family historian, with many certificates with people's occupation on, one can witness the changes in spelling over a decade or so, on that paperwork. Our union based Australian Labor Party has resisted that change. Never was sure why until your explanation. Now makes sense. But, I don't recall noticing the no 'u', when I was handing out how to vote papers as a teeny-bopper and young adult. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 23/6/24 00:52, David Wright wrote: Excellent. Now how do we get our MUA to do that when replying to mail, which is where I saw what I thought was a system error - but in fact was a misinterpretation. I don't see the point. The email has a "Date:" header. Sounds like I'm the only one who mis-read the date format when I raised the query originally. Is David writing at 00:52 or is that time UTC? -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 23/6/24 00:02, Greg Wooledge wrote: In mutt, it would be: set date_format="!It's %a %d%b%Y at %H:%M:%S here, where clocks are UTC%z" I believe UTC%Z will give the : as I get from my text expander. Tue 25Jun2024 at 18:34:20 =UTC +10:00 -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: System time/timezone, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 23/6/24 14:25, David Wright wrote: On Sun 23 Jun 2024 at 12:52:55 (+1000), Keith Bainbridge wrote: Have you ever pondered why the 'international date line' is so convoluted? Only on the odd occasion when an area decides to cross it, for whatever reason. Like Samoa recently. And before that, the creation of Pacific/Kiritimati (+14:00), which became a press story at the start of the new millennium. +14:00?? I've only ever heard of maxima of +/- 12:00. But see below As for odd time zones, we have a narrow one, somewhere between the West Australian border (with Sth Aust) and the first notable town on the road West - Norseman. It's 45 mins different from Sth Aust and the a further 45 mins to main stream West Aust. There might be 10,000 people live within it. $ TZ=Pacific/Kiritamati date; TZ=Australia/Eucla date Sun Jun 23 04:24:54 Pacific 2024 Sun Jun 23 13:09:54 +0845 2024 $ So Eucla: Sun Jun 23 13:09:54 would be UTC: Sun Jun 23 04:24:54 How do we get that time in the middle of the Pacific? Surely it would be Sat Jun22 18:24:54 And then I see a LOT of discussion on my suggestion about how MUA format the send time when people reply. I'll get back to that later. Cheers, David. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: System time/timezone, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 23/6/24 00:53, David Wright wrote: Styles change: there's a tendency in English to evolve towards compound words, sometimes with hyphenation along the way. Not to mention some cultures change how words are spelt: colour, odour, metres to quote a few. But don't fret.Some people pronounce the word for 1,000 metres as a measure of kills - kil-ometer. It should be kilo-metre. To support my agruement, try speedometer, gasometer, odometer. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: System time/timezone, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 23/6/24 12:08, Nicholas Geovanis wrote: On Sat, Jun 22, 2024, 11:02 AM Stefan Monnier <mailto:monn...@iro.umontreal.ca>> wrote: > Yes, I realise that. The times are being displayed by the gettys, > controlled by the /etc/issue format string. Jobs are being run > by cron, logs written by rsyslogd, and so on. And the term is … ? Maybe there simply isn't such a term. The subject is sufficiently complex/delicate that there can't be a term for every single situation. I think we are losing sight of the fact that all of timekeeping is an abstraction and over-generalization. Time zones were created to help regularize railroad schedules over wide areas. Timezones are an abstraction that permit us to _pretend_ that it is (physical) noon at the same clock time over an extended area. When in fact physical high- noon, determined by the sun's position in the sky, cannot be at the exact same time just a few centimeters west or east of my eyeballs. Stefan I can't resist. Have you ever pondered why the 'international date line' is so convoluted? I reckon it would have been (almost) straight if UTC was set about 11° west of it's current position. Any chance of fixing it? Probably even less now that UK has left the EU. As for odd time zones, we have a narrow one, somewhere between the West Australian border (with Sth Aust) and the first notable town on the road West - Norseman. It's 45 mins different from Sth Aust and the a further 45 mins to main stream West Aust. There might be 10,000 people live within it. I think that somewhere is Baledonia. I'll check next time I drive over, but that'll be sometime next year, if I'm lucky. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: System time/timezone, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 23/6/24 01:16, to...@tuxteam.de wrote: Possible. I was happy to forget that I had anything to do with Windows Especially delving into the registry -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 21/6/24 14:28, David Wright wrote: You could pronounce your time written above as: "It's Thu 20Jun2024 at 20:51:19 here, where clocks are UTC+10:00" Excellent. Now how do we get our MUA to do that when replying to mail, which is where I saw what I thought was a system error - but in fact was a misinterpretation. if that's indeed your intention. But what you've done is invent some notation of your own, which people will likely misunderstand. I think it best to look up these references and follow them: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt Will do IMHO I think that email attributions are best presented in and with the time zone of the sender, and not oneself. Maybe that would be achieved if the replyer's MUA inserted the senders date/time more clearly. I don't mean to harp on, but maybe the coders just haven't mis-read the dates they are inserting for us. Cheers, David. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 20/6/24 21:19, The Wanderer wrote: On 2024-06-20 at 07:10, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Thu, Jun 20, 2024 at 21:00:38 +1000, Keith Bainbridge wrote: https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/manpages-dev/strftime.3.en.html is a list of place names for MANY parts of a date layout. I have set up the following code in my text substitution app: "%a %d%b%Y at %H:%M:%S =UTC %Z" Triggering that give me Thu 20Jun2024 at 20:51:19 =UTC +10:00 Seems to me that if the code writers of our various MUA would add the +UTC to the line that prints the various dates, we'd understand what they mean better. Honestly, I have no idea what the =UTC part of your output is intended to mean, since you've got +10:00 (time zone offset specification in hours ahead of UTC) overriding it. I parsed it as meaning "[date and time] is equal to UTC plus ten hours", or in other words, "the time specified is in the UTC+10 time-zone". Similarly to how I often seen Eastern Standard Time referenced as UTC-4 (that is, UTC minus four hours). Normally, you put either the string UTC to indicate that this date/time string is in UTC, or a time zone offset indicator that begins with + or -. Not both. It may be notable that he didn't put a +- offset indicator; he put a format specifier which *expands to* whichever such indicator would correspond to the active time zone. And doesn't this exchange show that Sat 22Jun2024 at 18:27:55 +10:00 can be interpreted in two ways? -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: RTC, was Re: System time/timezone
On 20/6/24 11:51, Max Nikulin wrote: On 20/06/2024 02:16, Nicholas Geovanis wrote: Servers in data centers don't move around, they just sit there :-) So in my experience servers running anything non-windows have RTC set to local time. That's been on Red Hat/CentOS, Debian, Ubuntu. My experience with Ubuntu is that its installer is able to guess timezone (GeoIP?) and it properly sets /etc/localtime symlink while RTC is in UTC. Try "timedatectl" or hwclock. Setting RTC to local time increases a chance of some mess due to DST or an administrative time jump. My experience is that most installers do pretty well at guessing where I am -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: time display was: Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 18/6/24 00:56, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote: Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 16/6/24 23:50, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Sun, Jun 16, 2024 at 06:13:36PM +1000, Keith Bainbridge wrote: It was late afternoon on 16Jun2024 that I wrote this. Possibly 18:13:36 when I pressed send. I'd reckon it would likely have been 08:13:36 UTC What's wrong with my system clock. I've not really looked at the time on my originals before. I'll try to remember to enter my local time as I press send I'm confused. Your time displays (Keith) look sensible to me, given they are in local time for somewhere like Brisbane. Yes - except Brisbane remains in the dark ages and doesn't follow day light saving; despite the fact that the majority of people want it. Seems the controlling interests still think the sun will fade the curtains or the cows won't know when to wake up to be milked. As if! -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Time, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 18/6/24 03:24, e...@gmx.us wrote: And I can never remember if the dot means AM or PM. I suspect it changes between implementations, or maybe I'm just very slow. Probably only really meant to show us when we are setting an alarm at night, for the morning, that the dot is on one and off on the other. Else we'll wake a little late. Remember the joke about going to bed at 8 and setting the alarm on a wind-up clock for 9 - we wouldn't get much sleep. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Time, was Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 18/6/24 01:36, David Wright wrote: Along with 350M Americans! They even use just A and P over here. And a mere dot on digital clocks. (I see you've changed it already!) I've been using 24 hour time and dMMM for a long time. I used send international cheques as part of my work, and decided that spelling the month was simple basics. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 18/6/24 21:02, Greg Wooledge wrote: In a previous message, you thought that your system clock or your time zone was set wrong, because you read one of the attribution lines of one of my replies, and you thought it said you had sent your message at the wrong time. As it turns out, I'm fairly certain you misread the attribution line, which was reporting time in a 12-hour format, with "PM". You saw the 06:... and thought it was saying you had sent your email at 6 AM, but you missed the "PM" at the end. As far as I know, it was a simple misread on your part, and nothing is actually wrong. Absolutely correct Greg. I like your date/time line. The addition of the offset fro UTC without some explanation confused me. And started 2 debates. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 17/6/24 18:26, Keith Bainbridge wrote: It was late afternoon on 16Jun2024 that I wrote this. Possibly 18:13:36 when I pressed send. I'd reckon it would likely have been 08:13:36 UTC What's wrong with my system clock. I've not really looked at the time on my originals before. I'll try to remember to enter my local time as I press send Evening folk - not good it seems. I can't find the separate thread that some wise person kindly started for this topic.Mm Thanks for those responses. When I find the thread again, I'll read ALL the responses and respond better, if this doesn't reply to your general suggestion. I reskon that they seem to indicate that the date/time in my original question are fine. the difficulty is more related to how we humans are interpreting the information we are reading. https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/manpages-dev/strftime.3.en.html is a list of place names for MANY parts of a date layout. I have set up the following code in my text substitution app: "%a %d%b%Y at %H:%M:%S =UTC %Z" Triggering that give me Thu 20Jun2024 at 20:51:19 =UTC +10:00 Seems to me that if the code writers of our various MUA would add the +UTC to the line that prints the various dates, we'd understand what they mean better. Meantime, we have to accept what we have. Thanks again. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Fwd: test sent date details
All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00 Forwarded Message Subject: test sent date details Date: Tue, 18 Jun 2024 17:56:41 +1000 From: Keith Bainbridge To: keithr...@gmail.com All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 17/6/24 21:22, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Mon, Jun 17, 2024 at 06:26:19PM +1000, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 16/6/24 23:50, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Sun, Jun 16, 2024 at 06:13:36PM +1000, Keith Bainbridge wrote: It was late afternoon on 16Jun2024 that I wrote this. Possibly 18:13:36 when I pressed send. I'd reckon it would likely have been 08:13:36 UTC What's wrong with my system clock. I've not really looked at the time on my originals before. I'll try to remember to enter my local time as I press send I'm back. The kitchen clock says 18:05. the sun has set. I have no reason to doubt the clock. So I'll answer Greg's questions What does "date" say? Paste the entire output. $> date Tue 18 Jun 2024 18:06:31 AEST What does "cat /etc/timezone" say? Paste the entire output. cat /etc/timezone Australia/Melbourne is as close as I can specify for my regional city What does "ls -l /etc/localtime" say? Paste the entire output. ls -l /etc/localtime lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Mar 4 21:00 /etc/localtime -> /usr/share/zoneinfo/Australia/Melbourne Have you set the TZ environment variable? If so, what did you set it to? Not that I'm aware of What time zone are you *actually* in? Like, what country, and what major city is nearest to you? UTC +10:00 Australia, Geelong Our capital is Melbourne Which NTP client are you running? Have you checked up on it, to make sure it's actually running, properly configured, and not spewing errors? No, but why, when I believe everything I have answered is correct. If it helps, I have the date as part of my command prompt, always appears right time after an enter; aliases and desktop short-cuts that give me the date and time reliably so far. Greg, if there is something not right with my answer, please let me know. Again thanks greatly for your help. I saw another response about how the MUA deals with the senders date when replying. So fired up claws and sent myself a brief note. when replying to myself, the reply quoted On 18/6/24 17:56, Keith Bainbridge wrote: When forwarding that same note, the forward quoted Forwarded Message Subject: test sent date details Date: Tue, 18 Jun 2024 17:56:41 +1000 From: Keith Bainbridge To: keithr...@gmail.com I'll forward this asap, to confirm the detail. Guess I could also alter address in a reply to send it here as well. Look for it shortly as well. This makes me think that I need to adjust my MUA settings; thunderbird for this mail and my normal mail use; and claws for some use. claws has reply and forwarding templates with place holders for date formats amongst other items. I'll play around there as it's easier to start with. Item 1 will be change the date to read as it does in the forward Tue 18Jun2024. Thanks all for your responses. I'll go through them all later tonight -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 17/6/24 19:15, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
On Mon, Jun 17, 2024 at 06:47:41PM +1000, Keith Bainbridge wrote:
On 17/6/24 14:20, David Wright wrote:
Just some random thoughts:
On Sun 16 Jun 2024 at 18:13:36 (+1000), Keith Bainbridge wrote:
[...]
All the aliases that lie textually after the one with the missing '
will remain undefined, so you can use bisection to locate where in
the file problem lies.
If I didn't use a syntax matching editor this may have easily been my
problem.
I'm still pretty convinced that you're looking at a syntax problem.
Shell syntax is... not always trivial. I wouldn't trust most text editors
100% on that.
One thing you might try is to run your file through "bash -n" which checks
syntax without executing (well: it tries to: with languages like shell,
this is actually practically impossible).
Another thing would be to share your whole script here, but then you'll
want to make sure that there's nothing in there you want to consider
confidential.
Cheers
Good evening Tomas
bash -n on the original file (copied to a different name) through an
error for a different alias from yesterday's efforts. So I added some
blank lines. The error line number increased. Deleted a few lines of
text - ctrl-x to clip board manager - The error line number reduced.
Repeated the delete bit a few more times, with the error moving accordingly.
So I pasted about 5 aliases and some blank space and a function name to
a /tmp/file. bash -n reported an error in a blank line between the
previously reported error and the function name. Added a few more
aliases after the function and 2 syntax errors were report in one of
these additional aliases. Deleted the function name - no errors.
I was checking the /tmp/file in less regularly with no apparent extra
characters appearing.
So pasted the previously 'errant' aliases back to .bash_aliases - no
error. So pasted back the rest of the cut aliases. Still no error.
I know that at some point of my research I noticed that the { on the 2nd
line of the function had moved up -- next to the name () and I
think the first command was also on the first line. Can't say where I
got that idea, but wish I knew, if only to warn folk off the site.
So Tomas, you're correct:Shell syntax is... not always trivial. I
wouldn't trust most text editors 100% on that.
BUT how do we know where to look if the error is reported several lines
above it's true position - admittedly blank lines; but?
So, I put the function name back in the /tmp/file but with no blanks
above it, and got the 2 syntax errors on 1 line as before. Deleted all
text below the function name, and the error line is now in the blank
space below the function name. Delete all blanks after the function ()
and saving the file inserts a blank line - where the error is now reported.
Thanks everyone. Enjoy your Monday. Mines almost over.
17Jun2024@22:00:38
--
All the best
Keith Bainbridge
keithr...@gmail.com
keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com
+61 (0)447 667 468
UTC + 10:00
Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 16/6/24 20:02, DdB wrote: Am 16.06.2024 um 10:13 schrieb Keith Bainbridge:> Practical Limitations Environment Variables: Bash has a limit on the number of environment variables it can store, which is typically around 32,000. If you define too many aliases, you may exceed this limit, causing issues with your shell. Hi, while being aware of those limitations, i got curious, as to why i never ran into them in almpst 10 years of scripting. The answer is probably, that i do use aliases only occasionally, most of the time i use bash script files (in my path). And the largest file? Is actually one, i did not write myself, instead i found it on the internet: checkbashisms. And even this big file only has 32K So i am deferring, that you got into the habit to put most of your scripting in one place, and that may be the wrong one. It's hard to maintain and error-prone, as you are experiencing right now. Wouldn't it be feasible to separate some of its volume out into normal bash files? Just my 2 cents DdB Thanks for your suggestion Most of my aliases are simply simplifying shell commands like alias llr='ls -lahR --group-directories-first' or alias du1='du -hPx --max-depth=1 ' The longer aliases were being converted to functions after I saw that recommendation here. This stopped when I made an error that stopped the functions from working as I expected. I do little scripting as such; and most of that is processes I want done by cron, when a short one-line won't do. 17Jun2024@18:49:32 -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 16/6/24 23:20, Richard wrote: "And udating the .bash_aliases kept giving me an error referring to an end of file before the matching ' in one of the last aliases." This doesn't refer to a size limitation, but a syntax error. As in: the end of the file was reached before the matching ' was found. Either you mixed " and ' or you simply forgot to close an opened '. Ideally the error message will tell you the affected line. Richard Thanks Richard I believe David raised very similar suggestions -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 17/6/24 14:20, David Wright wrote: Just some random thoughts: On Sun 16 Jun 2024 at 18:13:36 (+1000), Keith Bainbridge wrote: Some of my aliases stopped working after months of working as I expected. And udating the .bash_aliases kept giving me an error referring to an end of file before the matching ' in one of the last aliases. So I did some searching. Thanks David, All the aliases that lie textually after the one with the missing ' will remain undefined, so you can use bisection to locate where in the file problem lies. If I didn't use a syntax matching editor this may have easily been my problem. This is the line that was being reported as the incomplete alias, and a few that follow it: alias srb='source /home/keith/.bashrc' #alias srz='source ~/.zshrc' alias rcrt='sudo crontab -e ' alias kcrt='crontab -e' The editor changes the colour of the text from the opening ' to the next ' in the file. If that is the next alias while I am inserting a new one mid-file, the colour corrects when I type the closing 'That colour diff doesn't show here, but does in the editor - in the file I re-named for now. I can see nothing different in the formatting of the reported error line from any others. And the supposed error worked from the moment I pasted it to the new file and ran source .bashrc One thing that still puzzles me is that when I #'d the errant line and source .bashrc the error still reported the same line Number - even when #'d out. So, is an alias a form of variable? I had about 150 plus 4 functions There's little chance of hitting bash's limits unless you're generating the aliases or functions programmatically, and they'd need naming systematically for you to be able to remember them all. As I said to Greg - I don't understand this; so I don't know how I would have done it. So I re-did my .bash_aliases file with only the bits I NEED; and all is back to normal. It looks like the error was in something that you judged you didn't need, and you removed it. No. The alias worked as soon as I activated it When I got my aliases working, I checked the size of the old file - 17K. The new .bash_aliases is 2.5K with .bash_functions at 490B. In any case, the bash limits you quoted were concerned with the number of definitions, not the size of the files containing them. Interesting that your aliases are on average as big as your functions. About 90 of my aliases occupy 3.5k, whereas ~350 functions occupy 240k, so averaging around 40 and 680 characters each, respectively. To clarify the file sizes. The original 17K was about 150 aliases plus 4 functions. The new aliases file at 2.5k is about 40 aliases plus several comments and blank lines. The finctions file is new yesterday and has 2 functions (one of them 2 short commands). I'll not likely get my functions much bigger - in the short term anyhow. The errant function that failed after a little satisfactory use was to mount a USB and back it up to my system. It is used to run portable apps at a volunteer job - yes windows. I noticed that the sample functions on the web didn't have && for each line, so I removed them and performance is now back to what I expected. The errant line was the mount cmd. Originally if I had already mounted the USB, the function kept going. I don't recall adding the &&, so it didn't dawn on me to try removing them. (I worked around it by unmounting it (an alias) and trying the back-up again.) I don't follow what this is about, particularly each line having (or not having) a &&. The only reason I raised this matter was that I had opened saying that my aliases were working. I originally thought that the function was my first sign of a problem My ERROR. It became as aside to the question of env variable limits 17Jun2024@18:47:29 Cheers, David. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Maximum size .bash_aliases file
On 16/6/24 23:50, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Sun, Jun 16, 2024 at 06:13:36PM +1000, Keith Bainbridge wrote: It was late afternoon on 16Jun2024 that I wrote this. Possibly 18:13:36 when I pressed send. I'd reckon it would likely have been 08:13:36 UTC What's wrong with my system clock. I've not really looked at the time on my originals before. I'll try to remember to enter my local time as I press send Environment Variables: Bash has a limit on the number of environment variables it can store, which is typically around 32,000. If you define too many aliases, you may exceed this limit, causing issues with your shell. This is not strictly true. There is no limit imposed by bash; but there is a limit imposed by the *kernel* on the total size of the environment plus the argv[] argument vector passed to a process. <https://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/argmax/> documents this extremely thoroughly. In most cases, when a problem arises with hitting this limit, it's because the argument list is too long, not the environment. You seem to be hitting it from the other direction, though. Solution: "don't do that". Shell Scripting: Bash scripts have a limit on the number of commands they can execute, which is typically around 64,000. Thanks Greg Your comments on the summary provided by the search engine will make me read them with a bigger grain of salt. Well... that sounds like you're filling up the table of exit statuses that have been reaped internally. I think there might have been some bugs in older versions of bash concerning this issue as well. Ummm could I be doing this without knowing what it means? Some people have reported this issue when they run an infinite loop with an external command inside it (e.g. sleep). I have 1 sleep line in what is now a function. It was added in an effort to get the USB to unmount after the back-up process and cd to~. I did get a command prompt back, but the USB was still mounted according to df I don't recall off the top of my head how to work around this issue, if you're writing "daemon scripts" that run forever and spawn external commands within a loop. You might need to Google it. It's a bit esoteric. And I'd suggest beyond me If you define too many aliases, you may exceed this limit, causing issues with your shell scripts. Huh? I have no idea what this means. Bash doesn't have a limit on the number of aliases you can define, as far as I know. This is again part of the search engine synopsis Aliases do not work in shell scripts, by default. You would have to turn them on with a shopt. I recommend not doing that. They're disabled because they suck. Use functions instead of aliases, when writing scripts. They're far more sensible and flexible. You are re-enforcing other stuff I read last night. I hope this and my several other responses find you bright and bubbly on a Monday morning. I'm home from a day of cryptic crossword class, and minding 2 month old grand daughter etc. I hope my responses aren't too short. the time is 17Jun2024@18:25:58 -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Maximum size .bash_aliases file
Good evening Folk Some of my aliases stopped working after months of working as I expected. And udating the .bash_aliases kept giving me an error referring to an end of file before the matching ' in one of the last aliases. So I did some searching. (An aside is that a function started failing but see later.) I found this summary using search.brave.com: linux maximum bash aliases Bash aliases are a powerful way to customize your command-line experience. While there is no strict limit on the number of aliases you can define, there are some practical limitations to consider. Practical Limitations Environment Variables: Bash has a limit on the number of environment variables it can store, which is typically around 32,000. If you define too many aliases, you may exceed this limit, causing issues with your shell. Shell Scripting: Bash scripts have a limit on the number of commands they can execute, which is typically around 64,000. If you define too many aliases, you may exceed this limit, causing issues with your shell scripts. /// summary ends So, is an alias a form of variable? I had about 150 plus 4 functions So I re-did my .bash_aliases file with only the bits I NEED; and all is back to normal. Further searching suggested I could have a .bash_functions file, opened by .bashrc like .bash_aliases. Guess I could call them anything? but that only means I have to remember something I do differently from norm. When I got my aliases working, I checked the size of the old file - 17K. The new .bash_aliases is 2.5K with .bash_functions at 490B. The errant function that failed after a little satisfactory use was to mount a USB and back it up to my system. It is used to run portable apps at a volunteer job - yes windows. I noticed that the sample functions on the web didn't have && for each line, so I removed them and performance is now back to what I expected. The errant line was the mount cmd. Originally if I had already mounted the USB, the function kept going. I don't recall adding the &&, so it didn't dawn on me to try removing them. (I worked around it by unmounting it (an alias) and trying the back-up again.) So a questionand mybe something related that may help somebody else. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Copy from xterm to text editor........ [solved]
Just a note Some terminal emulators don't automatically copy highlighted text. You need to copy it manually before moving to the target file It's so long since I've tolerated such terminals I'm not sure but try ctrl-alt-c Else, right click with the mouse pointer outside of highlighted text and choose copy -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC+ 10:00 From my Aphone On 13 June 2024 3:42:27 pm AEST, Charlie wrote: >On Wed, 12 Jun 2024 22:56:34 -0400 >Greg Wooledge wrote: > >> On Thu, Jun 13, 2024 at 12:16:00PM +1000, Charlie wrote: >> > Cannot recall what version of Debian stopped copying text in xterm >> > by Ctrl + C or Shift + Ctrl + C So don't know how to copy from >> > xterm >> >> xterm is a terminal emulator. Pressing Ctrl-C in a terminal emulator >> simply passes a byte (0x03) to the application running inside the >> terminal, which is usually a shell. But they're interpreted by the >> terminal driver layer first. The stty command allows you to see or >> change the bindings of control characters by the terminal driver. >> >> Ctrl-C is usually bound to the 'intr' facility in the terminal driver. >> Pressing it in a terminal sends the interrupt signal (SIGINT) to all >> running foreground processes. It does not copy text. That's a >> Windows thing, and you are not in Windows. >> >> > Unable to paste from xterm into a text editor using Ctrl + V or >> > Shift >> > + Ctrl + V >> >> Pressing Ctrl-V in a terminal emulator sends a byte (0x16) to the >> application. At the terminal driver layer, Ctrl-V is usually bound >> to the 'lnext' facility (literal next). It's like an escape sequence >> for keys. The next key you press *after* Ctrl-V will lose its special >> meaning, and will just be passed along verbatim. >> >> For example, if you press Ctrl-V Ctrl-C, it won't interrupt foreground >> processes. Instead, it will simply pass the literal 0x03 byte to the >> application. It becomes data. >> >> hobbit:~$ printf ^C | hd >> 03|.| >> 0001 >> >> The ^C there is where I pressed Ctrl-V Ctrl-C. >> >> Now, all of that is just background information. >> >> What you wanted to know, I guess, is "how to copy text between >> terminals". >> >> The first step is to highlight the text with the left mouse button. >> Drag the mouse over the text while holding the left button. This >> creates a "selection" containing the text you've selected. >> >> Next, click on the window that you want to paste the text *into*. You >> need this window to have "focus". Depending on your window manager, >> clicking may not actually be needed. Some WMs use "focus follows >> mouse", which means the mouse pointer simply has to be inside the >> window. Others use "click to focus" which means you have to click. >> >> Once you've focused on the receiving window, press the middle mouse >> button to paste the selection into the second window. >> >> (X11 uses three-button mice. Everything is designed around this.) >> >> If your mouse is too new or too Microsoft-tainted to have three >> buttons, then things get tricky. >> >> If your mouse is literally an old PS/2 style two-button mouse from the >> 1980s, you might be in real trouble. There are hacks to try to mimic >> the middle button in other ways, but you'll have to read documentation >> to learn how to invoke them. >> >> Let's assume that's not the case. >> >> If your mouse has two buttons plus a scroll wheel, you might be able >> to press the scroll wheel to act as the middle button. Doing this >> without also *turning* the scroll wheel takes practice. It can be >> done, at least sometimes. >> >> So, that's how you copy and paste text between windows in X11. You >> select with the left button, and paste with the middle button. >> >> Obviously the world can't be that simple. While X11 was developing >> this interface around three-button mice, Microsoft was building a >> different interface around two-button mice. >> >> In the Microsoft paradigm, you copy by highlighting the text you want >> to copy, and then performing a second step. That step might be >> right-clicking a menu and selecting "Copy". Or it might be pressing >> Ctrl-C (but not in a terminal emulator). Once you've performed this >> copy operation, the text is in a "clipboard", which is separat
Re: Anybody Skype users here?
On 31/05/2024 9:29 am, Juan R.D. Silva wrote: Hey Timothy, have you really read my post? 1. I wrote it clearly "I still need Skype". (And yes, I have my reasons for it, even if it surprises you.) 2. And how have you arrived to "Ubuntu" subject? I'm Debian user. Again read to post you replied to. 3. I really don't care what you personally use and if you are happy with it or not. I need a Skype user suggestion about a particular situation. You do not use Skype and have no clue to be in help. Then just skip off. Boy, these thread hijacking boys are annoying. Thanks On 2024-05-30 7:06 p.m., Timothy M Butterworth wrote: On Thu, May 30, 2024 at 6:59 PM Juan R.D. Silva mailto:juan.r.d.si...@gmail.com>> wrote: Hi folks, I use Skype installed from Debian official repo. A couple of days ago it refused to update reporting "server timed out". After looking into it, I found that MS removed Skype.deb package from their server and basically forces everyone to use Snap package instead. Skype is the only app I would need Snap for on my system. Unfortunately, I still need Skype and I do not see any alternative but to concede to MS (and Ubuntu?) brute coercion. To hell with Ubuntu, I use Google Voice, Chat and Meet. All three are free and work great just using the browser. Any body installed Snap on their Debian system? Any problems with that thing? Any suggestions to use Skype otherwise? Thanks -- ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org/ <https://www.debian.org/> ⠈⠳⣄⠀⠀ Good morning Juan Three sites suggest: wget https://repo.skype.com/latest/skypeforlinux-64.deb Some of them are older, but 1 refers to bookworm. So maybe all isn't lost All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC +10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 21/2/24 10:47, Felix Miata wrote: I didn't think so, which begs the question why OP Keith is using it. :p -- I read somewhere about 2 years ago, that it automagically de-duped data when it detected I was copying the same file to different directories. It's not deliberate, but I have often found copies of my files amongst files I have backed up for my wife (where I have put copies of my important stuff occasionally.And more common if I rsync a usb to a new destination - the usb I use at a volunteer job with portable apps on a foreign PC. I found what I think was that article the other week; and it now talks about a manual process to de-dupe the data. I don't believe I could have skipped the most important paragraph in the article. I prefer rdfind -makehardlinks.Writing to btrfs feels quicker than ext4 But why use btrfs on a system partition. I like to try new stuff. Like I get a nagging thought of trying arch linux regularly. I resist mostly.. I should use sid as my daily driver, but I'm not good at asking for help; and I get the feeling that some people here would want to tell me something like 'I made my bed, lay in it.' So I make do with using developer versions of firefox & thunderbird and beta libreOffice (24.02 I think) They are on a separate partition from my system. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 21/2/24 11:38, Felix Miata wrote: A current thread from elsewhere that should be helpful: <https://forums.opensuse.org/t/btrfs-disk-full-how-to-fix-it-is-that- really-the-solution/172576> btrfs filesystem usage / snapper list btrfs qgroup show / Thanks for the prompt, Felix >> sudo btrfs filesystem usage / [sudo] password for root: Overall: Device size: 70.00GiB = remember I expanded this partition yesterday Device allocated: 35.82GiB Device unallocated: 34.18GiB Device missing: 0.00B Device slack:0.00B Used: 34.30GiB Free (estimated): 34.90GiB (min: 17.81GiB) Free (statfs, df):34.90GiB Data ratio: 1.00 Metadata ratio: 2.00 Global reserve: 71.69MiB (used: 0.00B) Multiple profiles: no Data,single: Size:32.80GiB, Used:32.09GiB (97.82%) /dev/sda3 32.80GiB Metadata,DUP: Size:1.50GiB, Used:1.11GiB (73.77%) /dev/sda3 3.00GiB System,DUP: Size:8.00MiB, Used:16.00KiB (0.20%) /dev/sda3 16.00MiB Unallocated: /dev/sda3 34.18GiB keith@dell0 $ Wed 21Feb2024@11:44:26 :~ At least I can make sense from some of these output numbers >> sudo btrfs qgroup show / ERROR: can't list qgroups: quotas not enabled keith@dell0 $ Wed 21Feb2024@11:47:13 :~ installed snapper and >> sudo snapper list The config 'root' does not exist. Likely snapper is not configured. See 'man snapper' for further instructions. keith@dell0 $ More to learn about, I see -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 20/2/24 19:38, to...@tuxteam.de wrote: On Tue, Feb 20, 2024 at 02:42:18AM -0500, Felix Miata wrote: Keith Bainbridge composed on 2024-02-20 17:45 (UTC+1100): I just removed 3 snapshots from my daily driver with no change in used space reported by df df doesn't know how to calculate freespace on btrfs. You need to be typing btrfs filesystem df if you have not aliased df to btrfs filesystem df. Still, Keith seems to have a real shortage of file system free space, otherwise Debian upgrades wouldn't fail. I don't know much about btrfs, but what would be really helpful (if you do, and it seems so) would be for you to fill us in on how to asses the space used up by old snapshots (what seems to be the main suspect currently). Cheers Tomas, the upgrade failure was earlier than these notes. It has now worked Sorry, but I don't know how to assess the snapshot space usage. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 20/2/24 18:42, Felix Miata wrote: btrfs filesystem df OK, so please interpret: >> btrfs filesystem df -h / Data, single: total=32.80GiB, used=31.94GiB System, DUP: total=8.00MiB, used=16.00KiB Metadata, DUP: total=1.50GiB, used=1.10GiB GlobalReserve, single: total=71.69MiB, used=0.00B keith@dell0 $ Tue 20Feb2024@20:57:45 :~ >> btrfs filesystem df -h /mnt/data/ Data, single: total=530.02GiB, used=329.55GiB System, DUP: total=8.00MiB, used=112.00KiB Metadata, DUP: total=5.00GiB, used=1.10GiB GlobalReserve, single: total=512.00MiB, used=0.00B keith@dell0 $ when cfdisk reports: DeviceStartEnd Sectors Size Type >> /dev/sda1 2048 1667678207 1667676160 795.2G Linux filesystem Free space 1667678208 1785522175 117843968 56.2G /dev/sda21785522176 1786245119 722944 353M EFI System /dev/sda31786245120 1933045759 14680064070G EFI System /dev/sda41933045760 1953523711 20477952 9.8G Linux swap To clarify /dev/sda1 is /mnt/dataand I don't understand the 'EFI System' note /dev/sda3 is / Perhaps the explanation why the reports from btrfs filesystem df make no sense will come when I get into my assignment? -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 20/2/24 18:11, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 19/2/24 14:20, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 19/2/24 10:26, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 18/2/24 14:49, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 18/2/24 07:34, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote: Keith Bainbridge wrote: Yes the / partitions are btrfs So the apparently missing space is perhaps taken up by btrfs snapshots. Seems to be the prime suspect. If that's the case, btrfs is NOT hard- linking the snapshots as timeshift claims it does. The only way to check is install on ext4 and compare. I have saves enough free space to do this. My effort to date is to move my home to /mnt/data and sim-link it into / home. df is now showing 2.3GB free on /. df showed /home as 2.2GB yesterday. At least there is a little space to play with; and give me time to consider. A fresh install may be worth checking in snapshots are as big as this all makes them look. a few brief answer to other comments will follow So later yesterday afternoon I created a new snapshot with no obvious change is free space. I then update/upgrade. The initial attempt told me 63 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 337 MB of archives. After this operation, 473 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] But the 3 kernel related packages failed to install a couple of times. When I finally figured I should check space, there was none. I rolled back to prior to the upgrade, but still no free space. I said sometime in this thread that timeshift (and BiT) use hard links to create progressive copies of the system. The more I think about how hard links reportedly work, I reckon it can't be simply hard links. So I'm starting a new thread on that topic. So I'm back to see some more helpful hints. Thanks folk I am convinced that the missing space is used by btrfs snapshot process. But WHY is the used space reporting on my daily driver LESS than that on the spare machine 29G vs 35G? The original install was the same .iso Ah well I could add some of the spare space the the / partition, but how much? Play safe and use the lot, making it 60G compared to 63G on my daily driver. (And create some free space off the data partition before it's too late.) Just as well I have time on my hands Again, thanks to all for your suggestions I am sure I saw a response to comment of mine, where I was misunderstood in the numbers I quoted for used space on my daily driver - 29G; and the space used by the problem machine - 35G. There was a suggestion that I had not updated it as often as daily driver. I had kept problem box as up to date as daily until a few days ago when it refused to update due to lack of space. This is when I discovered I had a problem. It is switched off at present, pending my deciding whether to expand / partition or re-install on the free space on ext4. I will delete a few snapshots before I proceed, just to see what happens - I'll do that shortly, in fact, now I can see that it may have a bigger affect than I figured. Now a minor amendment to my last note, where deleting snapshots has haad no bearing on used space. Before I started, df reported 28G used, compared to 29G used yesterday. Remember my home is sym-linked from another partition. du is reporting /home is 3M which is the original / home/keith and re-named to keep it handy IN CASE I need it some day - like when I did some major surgery on that data partition the other week. I'm trying to say that nothing I've done overnight has changed used space. There were no packages to upgrade today. df is now reporting 27G used on / confirming btrfs seems to take time to reflect changes in snapshots. Back later. Back. On booting up problem machine I was greeted with warnings in disk space low on /. I generally don't log into desktop on this machine. Deleted 4 snapshots. df immediately reported used space 33G (down from 35G) and free space 2.9G, up from ~200M at login. I don't think I've EVER seen used space and free space equal size before. I rebooted just to see if anything changed. 10 mins later df is still reporting Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on 36G 33G 2.9G 92% / apt update/upgrade gave me 63 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 337 MB of archives. which I reckon is what I got yesterday after I moved my home to my data partition and Quoted from 19Feb at 10:26 (UTC 18Feb at 23:26): I then update/upgrade. The initial attempt told me 63 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 337 MB of archives. After this operation, 473 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] But the 3 kernel related packages failed to install a couple of times. When I finally figured I should check space, there was none. I rolled back to prior to the upgrade, but still no free space. And earlier:My
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 19/2/24 14:20, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 19/2/24 10:26, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 18/2/24 14:49, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 18/2/24 07:34, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote: Keith Bainbridge wrote: Yes the / partitions are btrfs So the apparently missing space is perhaps taken up by btrfs snapshots. Seems to be the prime suspect. If that's the case, btrfs is NOT hard- linking the snapshots as timeshift claims it does. The only way to check is install on ext4 and compare. I have saves enough free space to do this. My effort to date is to move my home to /mnt/data and sim-link it into / home. df is now showing 2.3GB free on /. df showed /home as 2.2GB yesterday. At least there is a little space to play with; and give me time to consider. A fresh install may be worth checking in snapshots are as big as this all makes them look. a few brief answer to other comments will follow So later yesterday afternoon I created a new snapshot with no obvious change is free space. I then update/upgrade. The initial attempt told me 63 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 337 MB of archives. After this operation, 473 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] But the 3 kernel related packages failed to install a couple of times. When I finally figured I should check space, there was none. I rolled back to prior to the upgrade, but still no free space. I said sometime in this thread that timeshift (and BiT) use hard links to create progressive copies of the system. The more I think about how hard links reportedly work, I reckon it can't be simply hard links. So I'm starting a new thread on that topic. So I'm back to see some more helpful hints. Thanks folk I am convinced that the missing space is used by btrfs snapshot process. But WHY is the used space reporting on my daily driver LESS than that on the spare machine 29G vs 35G? The original install was the same .iso Ah well I could add some of the spare space the the / partition, but how much? Play safe and use the lot, making it 60G compared to 63G on my daily driver. (And create some free space off the data partition before it's too late.) Just as well I have time on my hands Again, thanks to all for your suggestions I am sure I saw a response to comment of mine, where I was misunderstood in the numbers I quoted for used space on my daily driver - 29G; and the space used by the problem machine - 35G. There was a suggestion that I had not updated it as often as daily driver.I had kept problem box as up to date as daily until a few days ago when it refused to update due to lack of space. This is when I discovered I had a problem. It is switched off at present, pending my deciding whether to expand / partition or re-install on the free space on ext4. I will delete a few snapshots before I proceed, just to see what happens - I'll do that shortly, in fact, now I can see that it may have a bigger affect than I figured. Now a minor amendment to my last note, where deleting snapshots has haad no bearing on used space. Before I started, df reported 28G used, compared to 29G used yesterday. Remember my home is sym-linked from another partition. du is reporting /home is 3M which is the original /home/keith and re-named to keep it handy IN CASE I need it some day - like when I did some major surgery on that data partition the other week. I'm trying to say that nothing I've done overnight has changed used space. There were no packages to upgrade today. df is now reporting 27G used on / confirming btrfs seems to take time to reflect changes in snapshots. Back later. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 19/2/24 13:00, Max Nikulin wrote: On 19/02/2024 06:26, Keith Bainbridge wrote: So later yesterday afternoon I created a new snapshot with no obvious change is free space. Effect of snapshots is delayed. When you remove a file that does not belong to any snapshot, some disk space is reclaimed. However to restore a file (even a removed later) from a snapshot, it must be stored anywhere. That is why snapshots consume disk space. Try to remove unnecessary snapshots. I have no idea if btrfs requires additional maintenance. I just removed 3 snapshots from my daily driver with no change in used space reported by df Mindful of the fact that somebody considers it may take time to reflect changes within the snapshots, I'll check again tomorrow morning -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 19/2/24 10:26, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 18/2/24 14:49, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 18/2/24 07:34, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote: Keith Bainbridge wrote: Yes the / partitions are btrfs So the apparently missing space is perhaps taken up by btrfs snapshots. Seems to be the prime suspect. If that's the case, btrfs is NOT hard- linking the snapshots as timeshift claims it does. The only way to check is install on ext4 and compare. I have saves enough free space to do this. My effort to date is to move my home to /mnt/data and sim-link it into / home. df is now showing 2.3GB free on /. df showed /home as 2.2GB yesterday. At least there is a little space to play with; and give me time to consider. A fresh install may be worth checking in snapshots are as big as this all makes them look. a few brief answer to other comments will follow So later yesterday afternoon I created a new snapshot with no obvious change is free space. I then update/upgrade. The initial attempt told me 63 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 337 MB of archives. After this operation, 473 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] But the 3 kernel related packages failed to install a couple of times. When I finally figured I should check space, there was none. I rolled back to prior to the upgrade, but still no free space. I said sometime in this thread that timeshift (and BiT) use hard links to create progressive copies of the system. The more I think about how hard links reportedly work, I reckon it can't be simply hard links. So I'm starting a new thread on that topic. So I'm back to see some more helpful hints. Thanks folk I am convinced that the missing space is used by btrfs snapshot process. But WHY is the used space reporting on my daily driver LESS than that on the spare machine 29G vs 35G? The original install was the same .iso Ah well I could add some of the spare space the the / partition, but how much? Play safe and use the lot, making it 60G compared to 63G on my daily driver. (And create some free space off the data partition before it's too late.) Just as well I have time on my hands Again, thanks to all for your suggestions -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 19/2/24 13:41, Felix Miata wrote: would be some places to start. Didn't you do your https://btrfs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/btrfs-filesystem.html reading yet? ?_? My eyes have glazed over too often, already. I know I have to get back, but that NEED to do it is making it harder. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Hard links - How do they work
On 19/2/24 11:15, Kushal Kumaran wrote: Have you read their FAQ page about hard links? https://github.com/bit-team/backintime/blob/dev/FAQ.md#how-do-snapshots- with-hard-links-work Very interesting. Thank you I have totally missed the concept of copying all files as a starting point. I was dismayed to read that a file that was deleted disappears from the back up as well. UMMM I didn't know I had deleted that file. A month/year later I NEED it quickly. What to do? I went back to timeshift and looking again, this concept of copying all files seems to be used here as well. The author does say that the app uses btrfs inbuilt snapshot process when available. I have to look harder when I browse over something. Is it looking obvious that I never really learnt how to read, 70 years ago in primary school. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 18/2/24 14:49, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 18/2/24 07:34, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote: Keith Bainbridge wrote: Yes the / partitions are btrfs So the apparently missing space is perhaps taken up by btrfs snapshots. Seems to be the prime suspect. If that's the case, btrfs is NOT hard- linking the snapshots as timeshift claims it does. The only way to check is install on ext4 and compare. I have saves enough free space to do this. My effort to date is to move my home to /mnt/data and sim-link it into / home. df is now showing 2.3GB free on /. df showed /home as 2.2GB yesterday. At least there is a little space to play with; and give me time to consider. A fresh install may be worth checking in snapshots are as big as this all makes them look. a few brief answer to other comments will follow So later yesterday afternoon I created a new snapshot with no obvious change is free space. I then update/upgrade. The initial attempt told me 63 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 337 MB of archives. After this operation, 473 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] But the 3 kernel related packages failed to install a couple of times. When I finally figured I should check space, there was none. I rolled back to prior to the upgrade, but still no free space. I said sometime in this thread that timeshift (and BiT) use hard links to create progressive copies of the system. The more I think about how hard links reportedly work, I reckon it can't be simply hard links. So I'm starting a new thread on that topic. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 18/2/24 14:08, Max Nikulin wrote: On 17/02/2024 09:52, Greg Wooledge wrote: If so, you *could* have data inside the /home directory of the root file system, which is hidden by the /home file system that's mounted over it. You'd need to unmount /home to check. A less intrusive way to inspect shadowed directories is bind mounts. mkdir /tmp/root mount --bind / /tmp/root Thank you Max This has proved a real boon -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 18/2/24 09:19, Cindy Sue Causey wrote: I only know to say this because it just happened a few days ago. Rsync left some semi-permanent remnants when I was having problems with the wireless capable hard drive docking station repeatedly cutting out. I was offloading videos and images from a camera during many of those times. Thanks Cindy Interesting Though as far as I can recall the only files I have rsync'd onto / are 4or5 config files, and all in /home/keith which now on another partition. And with a gain in free space which virtually matches its reported space used, yesterday. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 18/2/24 07:34, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote: Keith Bainbridge wrote: Yes the / partitions are btrfs So the apparently missing space is perhaps taken up by btrfs snapshots. Seems to be the prime suspect. If that's the case, btrfs is NOT hard-linking the snapshots as timeshift claims it does. The only way to check is install on ext4 and compare. I have saves enough free space to do this. My effort to date is to move my home to /mnt/data and sim-link it into /home. df is now showing 2.3GB free on /. df showed /home as 2.2GB yesterday. At least there is a little space to play with; and give me time to consider. A fresh install may be worth checking in snapshots are as big as this all makes them look. a few brief answer to other comments will follow -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 17/2/24 17:08, Felix Miata wrote: Keith Bainbridge composed on 2024-02-17 15:44 (UTC+1100): Yes the / partitions are btrfs df was not designed for the task you gave it. You need to use btrfs filesystem commands: https://btrfs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/btrfs-filesystem.html Seems I have some serious reading to do Thanks for thelink -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 17/2/24 13:55, Gremlin wrote: On 2/16/24 21:38, Keith Bainbridge wrote: Good afternoon All I have just rebooted this laptop to ensure it is 'fresh' / is reporting full. Trying to locate where I ran sudo du -hPx --max-depth=1 / 0 /mnt 181M /boot 15M /etc 0 /media 236M /opt 336K /root 0 /srv 4.0K /tmp 8.1G /usr 726M /var 9.2G / keith@dell0 $ Sat 17Feb2024@13:33:29 :~ But: >> sudo df -h / Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 36G 35G 100M 100% / keith@dell0 $ Sat 17Feb2024@13:33:39 :~ Where do I start locating the conflicting information please? Do you have any nfs mounts? No nfs mounts Thankyou -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: partition reporting full, but not
On 17/2/24 13:52, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Sat, Feb 17, 2024 at 01:38:56PM +1100, Keith Bainbridge wrote: >> sudo df -h / Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda336G 35G 100M 100% / First off: you don't need sudo for this, ever. Second: what kind of file system is this? sudo du -hPx --max-depth=1 / 0 /mnt 181M/boot 15M /etc 0 /media 236M/opt 336K/root 0 /srv 4.0K/tmp 8.1G/usr 726M/var 9.2G/ So I guess the question is "Where's the rest of that 35 G used data?" My wife is often telling me I'm not clear (obtuse). Thank you for clarifying the question Conspicuously missing from this output is /home. Is that a separate file system? If so, you *could* have data inside the /home directory of the root file system, which is hidden by the /home file system that's mounted over it. You'd need to unmount /home to check. It's not a super probable situation, but it's worth checking. I had wondered why /home was missing and concluded that as it's listed if I df -h /home/ Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 ===same partiton as / 36G 35G 100M 100% /home keith@dell0 $ Then >> sudo du -hPx --max-depth=1 /home/ [sudo] password for root: 2.2G/home/keith 2.2G/home/ keith@dell0 $ So, part of the missing 35G, but nothing significant I checked my daily driver - lenv0, and I have the same situation - sudo du -hPx --max-depth=1 / [sudo] password for root: 265M/boot 18M /etc 0 /media 947M/opt 1.5M/root 0 /srv du: cannot access '/tmp/.mount_Espansr8ZHig': Permission denied 12M /tmp 9.6G/usr 1.8G/var 13G / >> sudo du -hPx --max-depth=1 /home/ 3.0M/home/ke1th 3.0M/home/ keith@lenv0 $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev7.2G 0 7.2G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.5G 1.9M 1.5G 1% /run /dev/nvme0n1p2 63G 27G 35G 44% / tmpfs 7.3G 84M 7.2G 2% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 16K 5.0M 1% /run/lock /dev/nvme0n1p2 63G 27G 35G 44% /home In this case /home/keith is a sym link to another partition. But still 14GB difference between the 2 reporting processes. The same applies to any other directory that's got a file system mounted on it. I have had data written to /mnt/someDisk when the partition was NOT mounted. I get that suggestion. Those instances showed up in du though. Or... it could be some bizarre btrfs crap. If this is a btrfs. Yes the / partitions are btrfs The annoying habit of listing /home at df seems to be part of btrfs standard practice which I dislike. So far the ability to create timeshift and BackInTime snapshots in the proverbial blink of an eye are VERY good points for btrfs.Seems I need to allow for more more 'slack' space as well? du is reporting my timeshift directory as 0, and the internal subdir that lists save file as 108K. This tells me that btrfs is doing something magic. Guess I'll be contemplating reinstalling onto ext4 in my sleep tonight. To answer another question - no NFS Thanks All -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
partition reporting full, but not
Good afternoon All I have just rebooted this laptop to ensure it is 'fresh' / is reporting full. Trying to locate where I ran sudo du -hPx --max-depth=1 / 0 /mnt 181M/boot 15M /etc 0 /media 236M/opt 336K/root 0 /srv 4.0K/tmp 8.1G/usr 726M/var 9.2G/ keith@dell0 $ Sat 17Feb2024@13:33:29 :~ But: >> sudo df -h / Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda336G 35G 100M 100% / keith@dell0 $ Sat 17Feb2024@13:33:39 :~ Where do I start locating the conflicting information please? -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00
Re: Combining Distro DVD's
Good evening All I know some people just like a challenge. Who will use the result, though I wonder if ventoy would achieve a similar result There is a 32MB partition for efi; and the rest, which for me at present is: ls /media/keith/Ventoy/ apps linuxmint-21.3-cinnamon-64bit-beta.iso configfiles lmde-6-cinnamon-64bit.iso debian-live-12.4.0-amd64-cinnamon.iso manjaro-cinnamon-23.0.1-230921-linux65.iso debian-testing-amd64-netinst.iso Win10_22H2_EnglishInternational_x64v1.iso kali-linux-2023.4-installer-purple-amd64.iso keith@lenv0 $ the iso's are just copied onto the main partition. apps/ is my daily drivers that I keep on a separate partition. Things like firefox & thunderbird dev editions and a few appImages configfiles/: .bashrc, _history _aliases data for espanso I boot to the USB and am offered the list of iso's to start, just like grubb on a multI boot system. click the iso I want I imagine that the subsequent iso's could be opened after you boot from the first iso. Next project - get the iso to retain any changes I make All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC + 10:00 On 13/2/24 19:24, hw wrote: On Mon, 2024-02-12 at 13:41 -0500, Steve Matzura wrote: I thought it'd be a nice idea to combine any and all distribution media for a release into a single medium--a USB drive, of course. I'd start by creating my USB drive by extracting the first DVD to it, thereby ensuring the boot block and boot material is where it should be. But then what do I do with the additional media? [...] Maybe put a copy of a Debian mirror onto another partition.
Re: Alpine/Gmail/Imap expert needed. (fwd)
+1 -- All the best Keith BAINBRIDGE +61 447 667 468 keithr...@gmail.com GMT + 10 From my Apad On 29 November 2023 9:07:38 am AEDT, john doe wrote: >On 11/28/23 22:51, Karen Lewellen wrote: >> >> > >Lets keep the possibility of being able to send constructive e-mails >through mailing lists so we can avoid having to move to a forum based >set up. > >-- >John Doe >
Re: Request advice on Optimal Combo-usage of Gmail and Mailman, as mentioned in Msg-Id. "2023/11/msg00443"
I've been using K9 for a while. It does threading by dropping the thread into a new 'tree' similar to tbird's indenting of an open thread in its main tree, but in a side window where I scroll the thread and press back arrow when I want to close the thread. FairEmail does threading the same way. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com +61 (0)447 667 468 UTC+ 10:00 From my Aphone On 14 November 2023 8:42:57 am AEDT, jeremy ardley wrote: > >On 14/11/23 02:30, Eduardo M KALINOWSKI wrote: >> On 13/11/2023 14:50, Anssi Saari wrote: >>> The Wanderer writes: >>> >>>>> And those are getting rare, I can't find a nice MUA for Android with >>>>> proper threading. >>>> >>>> If you ever do find one, please let me know. The lack of such a thing is >>>> the primary reason why I don't do E-mail on Android *at all*. >>> >>> Possibly FairEmail would fit the bill. They advertize "conversation >>> threading" but I don't really if it's proper or not. The author is >>> responsive though. >> >> Unfortunately doesn't look like so, this "coversation" threading is what >> gmail does, a linear sequence of messages. > > >I use Bluemail on android. It claims to do threading though I don't use it. >Bluemail seems competent.
Re: Anybody familiar with dd (copy)?
On 4/11/23 07:14, Marco M. wrote: dd if=/dev/sr0 of=/tmp/dvd.bin conv=noerror oflag=direct Is it worth trying: sudo dd if=/dev/sr0 of=/tmp/dvd.iso -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com keithr...@gmail.com 0447 667 468 UTC +10:00
Re: Anybody familiar with dd (copy)?
On 4/11/23 07:14, Marco M. wrote: dd if=/dev/sr0 of=/tmp/dvd.bin conv=noerror oflag=direct Is it worth trying: dd if=/dev/sr0 of=/tmp/dvd.iso -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com keithr...@gmail.com 0447 667 468 UTC +10:00
Is this accurate
Or is there more to it than this writer is declaring? uses the EXT4 filesystem by default. You can convert the filesystem to BTRFS to take advantage of the in-built compression features. Using compression can reduce the disk usage by up to 60% without any noticeable impact on CPU usage. It also improves storage performance, since less data needs to be read and written to the SD Card. BTRFS also supports filesystem snapshots that allow you to roll back the system to a previous state in case of issues. The article is about Ubuntu on raspberry pi, but may relate to debian in general. I'd really like a pointer to a non-technical how to set it all up, if accurate Thanks All the best Keith BAINBRIDGE +61 (0)447 667 468 keithr...@gmail.com UTC + 10 >From my Apad
Fwd: btrfs snapshots (of root file system)?
Try ext4 All the best Keith BAINBRIDGE +61 (0)447 667 468 keithr...@gmail.com UTC + 10 >From my Apad -- Forwarded message - From: Keith Bainbridge Date: Mon, 2 Oct 2023, 20:32 Subject: Re: btrfs snapshots (of root file system)? To: debian-user@lists.debian.org I use timeshift for this. It claims to use btrfs as an option. I've only used rsync on extra, and that has saved my bacon a few times All the best Keith BAINBRIDGE +61 (0)447 667 468 keithr...@gmail.com UTC + 10 >From my Apad On Sun, 1 Oct 2023, 15:10 hw, wrote: > Hi, > > with btrfs, how do I make a snapshot of the root file system? The > purpose is to update software and being able to go back to a previous > state if necessary. > > There doesn't seem to be a command to create snapshots but only > subvolumes? How does a subvolume turn into a snapshot? (The root > file system is, of course, not on a subvolume.) > > How do I merge snapshots? IIRC, when you remove a ZFS snapshot, the > older state is merged to the state the snapshot is in. Apparently > btrfs can only delete snapshots --- and it seems like a bad idea to > delete the root file system. How would I boot from it when it's been > deleted? > > Can I make a snapshot on a different volume? The manpage doesn't say > that the destination of a subvolume must be on the same volume, and in > any case, I should be able to do that. > >
Re: btrfs snapshots (of root file system)?
I use timeshift for this. It claims to use btrfs as an option. I've only used rsync on extra, and that has saved my bacon a few times All the best Keith BAINBRIDGE +61 (0)447 667 468 keithr...@gmail.com UTC + 10 >From my Apad On Sun, 1 Oct 2023, 15:10 hw, wrote: > Hi, > > with btrfs, how do I make a snapshot of the root file system? The > purpose is to update software and being able to go back to a previous > state if necessary. > > There doesn't seem to be a command to create snapshots but only > subvolumes? How does a subvolume turn into a snapshot? (The root > file system is, of course, not on a subvolume.) > > How do I merge snapshots? IIRC, when you remove a ZFS snapshot, the > older state is merged to the state the snapshot is in. Apparently > btrfs can only delete snapshots --- and it seems like a bad idea to > delete the root file system. How would I boot from it when it's been > deleted? > > Can I make a snapshot on a different volume? The manpage doesn't say > that the destination of a subvolume must be on the same volume, and in > any case, I should be able to do that. > >
Re: General question regarding SSD and harddrive
On Sat, 15 Jul 2023 16:40:13 +0800 jeremy ardley wrote: > On 15/7/23 16:23, Keith Bainbridge wrote: > > Is this done via gnome-settings? Or is there now a better option. > > An URL would be good > > > I set it up on my Debian 12 system first by using gnome desktop. My > mate > desktop then inherited the map > > I later found that you can run the cloud mapping application from > command line regardless of the desktop. I use mate and used the mate > terminal to do this: > > jeremy@client:~/Desktop$ gnome-control-center > > And follow the GUI prompts. > > I don't have a url describing this better, but it's not difficult > with the gnome application > > > > > Thanks Jeremy, Just what I have done, but I thought I had done this prior to upgrading to Deb12. I was interested because my connection has timed out a couple of times and the only solution I found was rebooting. Hasn't dis-connected for a few days, so maybe this issue is resolved. All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com 0447 667 468 UTC +1000
Re: General question regarding SSD and harddrive
On Sat, 15 Jul 2023 11:37:17 +0800 jeremy ardley wrote: > With Debian 12 you also have the option of using your Google Drive as > a virtual folder on your system, where everything is actually kept at > the Google end. Jeremy Is this done via gnome-settings? Or is there now a better option. An URL would be good Thanks All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com 0447 667 468 UTC +1000
Re: General question regarding SSD and harddrive
On Fri, 14 Jul 2023 20:08:56 -0700 David Christensen wrote: > If you computer has an available 2.5" drive bay and SATA port, I > suggest that you install a small, fast 2.5" SATA SSD for your > operating system, programs, and "hot" data (home directory, e-mail, > and working directories), and use the 2 TB HDD for the rest of your > data. I think you will be very pleased with the performance > improvement provided by a SATA SSD, and will not need a new computer. Moe I use a small data partition on a SSD for /home/me and symlink dir's from the larger drive into that /home/me. Debian helps by offering to set up a /home partition at installation. It means that my recent files open quicker. eg : >> ls -lah /home/keith/Documents/ total 21M drwxrw--w- 16 keith keith 4.0K Jul 7 14:59 . drwxrw--w- 49 keith keith 4.0K Jun 7 12:20 .. drwxrw--w- 13 keith keith 4.0K Feb 28 21:21 0lder drwxrw--w- 5 keith keith 4.0K Feb 4 2022 2020 drwxrw--w- 3 keith keith 4.0K May 27 06:07 2021 drwxrw--w- 24 keith keith 4.0K May 27 06:09 2022 drwxrw--w- 16 keith keith 4.0K Jul 11 09:10 2023 I'll fix that zero in older one day. All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com 0447 667 468 38s X 144e
Re: Debian 11 upgrade to Debian 12
+1 -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com 0447 667 468 Sent from my Android tablet, Please excuse my brevity.. On 28 February 2023 20:21:40 UTC, Tixy wrote: >On Tue, 2023-02-28 at 14:52 -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote: >> On Tue, Feb 28, 2023 at 06:32:27PM +, Tixy wrote: >> > On Tue, 2023-02-28 at 13:16 -0500, Timothy M Butterworth wrote: >> > [...] >> > > All I did was modify /etc/apt/sources.list from Bullseye to Bookworm, >> > > then >> > > I ran apt update and apt upgrade. I guess I could have run apt >> > > full-upgrade >> > > and that probably would have worked better. >> > >> > It would have. If you looked at the release notes [1] it suggests >> > >> > # apt upgrade --without-new-pkgs >> > # apt full-upgrade >> > >> > Then lists some possible issues and there remedy. >> > >> > [1] >> > https://www.debian.org/releases/testing/amd64/release-notes/ch-upgrading.en.html#minimal-upgrade >> >> It's also worth mentioning that in bookworm, non-free firmware has been >> moved to a new section called "non-free-firmware". If you use any of >> that -- most people do! -- then you either need to change "non-free" to >> "non-free-firmware" or to "non-free non-free-firmware", depending on >> your specific needs. >> > >That's is the release notes too :-) (I know, there's probably only a >small minority of us who actually read the docs before upgrading.) > >-- >Tixy >
Re: Bios problem
Remember too that many distros have activated a grub setting that means it will no longer search for other installations. Turn that off: Edit the file in /etc/default named 'grub'. Add 'GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false' anywhere in the script. Run grub install, 'grub-install' -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com 0447 667 468 Sent from my Android tablet, Please excuse my brevity.. On 23 February 2023 22:06:39 UTC, "Andrew M.A. Cater" wrote: >On Thu, Feb 23, 2023 at 12:49:25PM +, Simeone Dominique wrote: >> Good afternoon, >> i installed a linŭx deepin operating system in addition to debian and linŭx >> mint and when i start the fujitsu it boots to the bios as if there is no >> operating system. >> What to do? >> Good for you. >> Mr. Dominique Simeone >> >> > >For Deepin and Mint - you may need to go to their forums / lists and ask >them. Different distributions do things differently. > >How did you install each operating system? > >Is each one using BIOS / legacy MBR? > >Is each one using UEFI? > >Do you have any shared directory - like a shared /home - between all >the OS? > >Please tell us *exactly* what you have done as far as you can. > >Do you have any logs of the install available to you? > >All the very best, as ever, > >Andy Cater >
Re: usb device
On February 11, 2023 10:24:47 PM UTC, "Andrew M.A. Cater" wrote: >On Sat, Feb 11, 2023 at 10:16:48PM +, fxkl4...@protonmail.com >wrote: >> i'm looking at a perixx perimice-513l usb mouse >> i can't find or have overlooked info about it working with linux >> is anyone familiar with this device >> > >USB mice generally *just work*, thought I'm not sure how well buttons >might map. > >I have access to a perixx trackball which seems well built. >The worst that can happen is that you have to work out how to >initialise >one or more buttons, but it might all work perfectly. > >All the very best, as ever, > >Andy Cater -- +1 I have used USB mouse in Linux boxes for 20 years. They have just plugged in, including my current laptop on linux-image 6.0. Sent from Open Mail on Android.
Re: Cannot rum multiple command on remote machine via SSH
On 4 February 2023 11:26:18 pm UTC, Charles Curley wrote: >>On Sat, 4 Feb 2023 11:24:37 + >>Ottavio Caruso wrote: >> >>> At night, I want to connect to LAP2 and perform these commands: >>> >>> $ sudo tlp setcharge 90 95 BAT1 # resets battery settings for >>> external battery >>> >>> $ hibernate.sh # a script that performs some housekeeping, puts >>> laptop into hibernation and eventually disconnects sshd. >> >>Not what you asked, but why not automate these with cron jobs? >> Do you get a command prompt after the first command. What happens if you run ls After that first command? Please copy/paste your input and output for both sudo tlp setcharge 90 95 BAT1 And ls as one paste. -- Please excuse top posting. I've tried to correct it. Settings say reply below the text, but it's NOT doing so. Should I exclude the original text? All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com keith.bainbridge.3...@mail.com Sent from my aPad
Re: Ctrl-C ignored after pasting a long text in an X terminal emulator
Sorry if this comes as a top post. I can't see the original text here Isn't it shft-ctrl-c to copy from x-term?
Re: latest testing update broke my laptop
;I don't blame Debian in this case. It's clearly an nVidia problem. Normally I >>stay away from them when getting something for Linux, but I got a great Black >>Friday deal. That's why I even got a new laptop to begin with. Apart from the >>nVidia components, it seems to work fine. >> >>Added nothing - just removed the Windows partitions and installed Linux. >> >>As I explained, I used Debian netinst copied to a Ventoy USB. What was >>strange is that Stable has no problem installing (just problems running) but >>Testing seems to get hung up with the networking (when I tried a graphical >>install, it at least showed that was what it was doing. The text based >>installer flashed something on the screen but never got around to doing more >>than the background colours - no text or progress bar - so I wasn't sure what >>it was doing). Also the current testing alpha netinst iso doesn't seem work >>with Ventoy, which meant I had to dd it to its own usb stick. And yes, I only >>download the files from debian.org. >> >>Have you tried finding the Debian Testing netinst checksums? You can find >>them for the weekly builds if you look hard enough but not the ones for the >>Alpha release. I thought maybe the alpha release would be a little more >>stable than a weekly build >> >>I can confirm that the problem with FAT32 was fixed by a reboot. I don't >>reboot every day normally, >> >>The laptop is an ASUS FA506ICB. I'll be filing a bug report or three later. >>Yesterday I just needed to get it working again, but I wanted to document the >>pulling of hair and gnashing of teeth - I suspect I may have to do this >>again... >> >> OK, try this https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=297 Linux Mint Debian addition is Debian stable with some mint improvements. It has worked better for me than Debian stable. I converted to deb testing several months ago, and disabled the mint repo line from sources shortly after. I update and upgrade almost daily. The only issue I've had has been a long standing niggle (long before this lmde installation) where I find the laptop totally unresponsive when I open the lid some mornings - about fortnightly. If that .iso doesn't work, try the Ubuntu based mint .iso at https://linuxmint.com/download.php Seriously, I suspect that simply deleting the windows partitions removed some part of the boot process that you need. What not try a clean install that totally wipes the drive when you find a system that works -- Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@mail.com 0447 667 468 Sent from aPad
Re: MacOS VM on Debian: is it reasonably possible?
On 22/11/22 07:34, Jeffrey Walton wrote: On Mon, Nov 21, 2022 at 2:36 PM Tom Browder wrote: I'm going to try to run Win 10 as a VM on my new Deb box following instructions I've received on this list. Has anyone been able to run a recent version of MacOS as a VM? Years ago I ran a Hackintosh VM with a Linux host over x86_64 . I think it was running on Ubuntu with VirtualBox. My need for Hackintosh went away a long time ago because I bought the real Apple product after a few years. Jeff Good morning Tom Last time I tried running osX in vbox, I was told I had to use the server version of osX, which I didn't have. Apple may have changed that, but The vbox new guest button takes you through the set-up pretty straight forwardly. The only thing I change is the RAM allocation. Although somebody here said a year or 3 ago that the defaults are there because they work best. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: Debian 11 - How to install Gtkmm
On 10/11/22 11:09, Amn wrote: Trying to install Gtkmm 4 in a Debian 11 box I do this : sudo apt install libgtkmm-4.0-dev But then I get this error : Unable to locate package libgtkmm-4.0-dev What am I doing wrong? Amn I run testing, and latest version here is 3.0-1v5. Alternative version is 2.4-1v5 -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: Status of Virtualbox in debian
On 21/6/22 20:53, Siard wrote: On Tue, 21 Jun 2022 00:05 +0100, Peter Hillier-Brook wrote: On 20/06/2022 14:55, Siard wrote: On Mon, 20 Jun 2022 14:21 +0200, Anders Andersson wrote: Has something changed that makes virtualbox workable again, I have the Virtualbox 6.1.34 package for Debian 11, downloaded from www.virtualbox.org, working fine in Debian 12 (Bookworm). Have you succeeded in gaining support for USB? I haven't yet got past the and guest Additions stage. Indeed, USB appears not to be working. (Never used it.) I have dkms and dh-dkms installed. The VirtualBox-6.1 deb has been installed and upgraded with 'dpkg -i'. It also puts VBoxGuestAdditions.iso into /usr/share/virtualbox. Then in the guest OS you can choose Devices > Insert Guest Additions CD image... from the menu. More about installing and maintaining the guest additions: www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html#additions-linux I should also note that right now there appear to be problems with the latest kernel, 5.18.0. The message in the terminal where VB was started from, says: "WARNING: The vboxdrv kernel module is not loaded. Either there is no module available for the current kernel (5.18.0-1-amd64) or it failed to load." Probably a temporary problem. When starting Debian with the previous kernel 5.17.0, VB still works. You'll need to download and install the closed source Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack from their site to get USB3 working. From memory USB2 will work with the guest-additions-pack; but could be USB1. The USB needs to be mounted in linux for it to be recognised in vbox. I only use USB to update my portable apps at my volunteer job. The tech area is run by contracted MSCertified techies. My experience is that they aren't familiar with gmail basics, so I'm not sure they belong in the real world - or is it that they are only allowed to say they know MS stuff. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com 0447 667 468
Re: virtualbox kernel modules?
On 17/6/22 00:08, Boyan Penkov wrote: On Thu, Jun 16, 2022 at 12:09 AM Keith Bainbridge wrote: Cheers! Good afternoon Boyan What happened when you installed to 2 suggested items? Hey Keith -- yes, thanks for the pointer; you're absolutely correct... Somehow linux-image-headers was not installed on this machine. Once it was, cleaned some stuff up, and this problem went away... Of course, question for the DMs, then -- why not make the headers a dependency of virtualbox-dkms? Thanks kindly! Been there before. Yes, it should be a required package for VBox. Perhaps we should record this where such difficulties go, but I can never remember the list name when I want it (like now). Frankly, it's part of the reason I prefer LinuxMint Debian. A lot more user packages are installed by default. By the bye, it's good form to reply to the list, not just the responder. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: virtualbox kernel modules?
On 16/6/22 06:11, Boyan Penkov wrote: Hello folks, Installing virtualbox and virtualbox-qt from sid, and running `virtualbox --version` returns the below: ``` WARNING: The character device /dev/vboxdrv does not exist. Please install the virtualbox-dkms package and the appropriate headers, most likely linux-headers-amd64. You will not be able to start VMs until this problem is fixed. ``` Modprobing for vboxdrv returns no modules. Has anybody seen this with more recent virtualbox installs? Cheers! Good afternoon Boyan What happened when you installed to 2 suggested items? -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: I am stuck with this while installing devian on my IMac early 2006
On May 29, 2022, at 2:30 PM, Nusrath Moin wrote: Whenever i login after installing debian on my imac early 2006 it shows "debian gnu/linux comes with absolutely no warranty, to the extent permitted by applicable law" That message is normal when you log in to a terminal. I think OSx showed the same, but it's too long ago. Apple decided that my similar aged macbook wasn't good enough any more in 2011. That machine worked well on linux until 2016. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: Debian desktop environment
On 24/5/22 23:23, Brian wrote: Hi, After my surrender to Jessie I've thought of moving on with Stretch. Careful! If you go on like this you will end up installing bullseye :). Bookworm? SID? -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Android email client that does bottom posting
Good Evening All I top posted last night, in error. Sorry I have asked the devs where the bottom posting setting has gone. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com Sent from my aPhone. Please excuse my brevity.
Re: Crucial SSDs and Debian Bullseye
Tom Did you remove the old drive and try the SSD using the installer? On 27 April 2022 11:06:20 am UTC, Tom Browder wrote: >I am trying to replace the original hard drive on an old Toshiba laptop >with a 1 TB SSD from Crucial. (I had recently successfully done that in an >old Dell Latitude and had no problems.) > >I first did a clean install of Debian 11 on the old drive to ensure the >laptop works okay. Then I installed the new SSD and it can't find the >drive. From what I can find at Crucial, I need to install their Storage >Executive program on a Windows host, hook up the SSD to a USB/SATA >connector on that host, and configure or install the firmware onto the SSD. > >I was foolish not to have researched their SSD use on a Linux host, but I >got lulled into their "upgrade your computer" site that told me the exact >models that were hardware-compatible. > >Of course I may have fried the SSD, but I am fairly confident that the >device is operable. > >Suggestions are greatly appreciated. > >Best regards, > >-Tom
Re: backing up backups
On 11/4/22 10:58, Default User wrote: So . . . what IS the correct way to make "backups of backups"? Sorry to take so long to respond. I am traveling and have only short periods that I can spend on non-pressing matters. To answer your question: the method that gets you the result you want. I have used 2 switches in rsync to create a date/time copy of files that are updated: --backup-dir=/mnt/data/rsynccBackupp/$YEAR/$MON/$TODAY/$HOUR/ source/ target creates an archive directory of older versions of files. I have noticed at times that it creates copies of files that I haven't fouched. Needs looking at, but it will something I'm doing. The variables are set in the script: YEAR=`date +%Y` MON=`date +%b` TODAY=`date +%d` NOW=`date +%Y%b%d%H` HOUR=`date +%H` rsync -avbH --suffix="."$(date +"%Y%m%d%H%M")source/ target/ replaces the standard ~ at the end of the file being updated with current time, in a numerical string. Keeps all versions of the files together. Which suits you better. As for how to 'backup your backup?' I copy everything from source documents to my backup drives, and set cron to run the script for each drive at a different time of day/hour - yes I backup current docs hourly. I'm lucky - I don't notice rsync affecting my performance. Timeshift is a great tool. I know you are correct to copy the system to a different drive. I figure that if I get to a point where I can't access the time shift files on /timeshift I'm in deep trouble. I just re-install. / has only system files on it. /home/keith is sym-linked from another partition. In any case, copying /timeshift from your system OR your first backup drive should be trivial for rsync. Out of time, but I think that's enough to think about for now -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: moving dir with lots of files
On 18/4/22 12:24, Bijan Soleymani wrote: On 2022-04-18 00:16, Adriel Peng wrote: Hello I plan to move a dir which has about 0.4 million files to a new location. This new location is a network storage. I will run the command: nohup mv dir /mnt/disk/newdir I guess this will take a lot of hours to finish. My question is, if the process gets an unexpected interruption, what will happen and how can I recover it? Thanks. If you can afford not to do a move but a copy and then a delete, then I would recommend using rsync rsync will transfer what is missing if interrupted If there is nothing missing it will finish pretty quickly. I sync 130GB in 1.4 million files over the internet regularly and if there are no changes it take about 20 seconds to finish (the disks are fast on both ends). If there are changes it transfers about as fast as the network can go. Bijan I have found that rsync -avHb --remove-source-files dir /mnt/disk/newdir moves files in one process. If it is interupted, re-running will simply pick up where it was halted. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: Installing/Preparing Debian on a headless system
On 10/3/22 01:57, Christian Britz wrote: Hello, after learning that the Debian-based RaspberryPi OS does not get security fixes always in time (see dirty-pipe), I am considering installing pure Debian on my system. It seems not all proprietary components are supported, but I don't need video acceleration anyway, for example. My Pi acts as a home server. The thing is, the Pi is headless, it was never connected to a monitor or keyboard, all configuration was done via SSH on a pre-built Raspberry PI OS image. I do not even have an USB keyboard and the Pi has obviously no PS/2 connectors. Do you have some ideas for me, how I could prepare a minimal Debian image on my notebook which is able to boot on the Pi and has already an user and SSH configured? Everything else I would setup remotely. Thank you, Christian Good afternoon Christian I'm not sure why you aren't getting security updates. When I run # apt update on my Pi4, the first line of output is : Get:1 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security InRelease [44.1 kB] uname : Linux rasp14 5.10.92-v8+ #1514 SMP PREEMPT Mon Jan 17 17:39:38 GMT 2022 aarch64 GNU/Linux Should there be more that I am missing? Tim Thanks for the link to Gunnar's image. My next project, well maybe the one after. Thanks -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: Gnome/VirtualBox/Windows copy-paste CR issue.
Good afternoon Kaz I suggest you install mate-terminal and try from that. If that works, compare the preferences and check out a few options that I've not found in gnome-terminal, like auto copy highlighted text to clipboard. I don't recall trying to copy into win10, so I can't answer that specifically On Thu, 10 Mar 2022, 09:48 Kaz Kylheku, wrote: > Hi All, > > I have Debian 11 in a VirtualBox, guest to a Windows host. The > guest additions is installed, with bidirectional clipboard enabled. > > When I select text in a Gnome application like Gnome Terminal or > Gedit, and then paste it into some guest application, there are extra > blank lines. > > If I paste it into GVim, it reveals the cause: instead of extra blank > lines, > GVim shows embedded carriage returns: ^M at the end of every line. > > (Windows programs do not understand this as a Windows line ending; for > instance > if we paste into Notepad, it shows interleaved blank lines.) > > This is quite strange; other virtual machines, e.g. Ubuntu, don't > exhibit > this behavior: same version of VirtualBox, same host. I've basically > never > seen this before! > > I tried copying and pasting something out of other applications running > on that same Debian 11 VM, such as Firefox and LibreOffice Writer. > The issue does not show up. > > Within the Debian 11 system, there is no problem either; e.g. copying > from Gnome Terminal into an edit control in Firefox or whatever. > > Any advice on where to go looking? > > > > >
Re: How do I make Debian Mate look like Linux Mint Mate?
On 9/3/22 05:00, didier gaumet wrote: Le mardi 08 mars 2022 à 12:14 +, Ottavio Caruso a écrit : Hi, Warning: I might have asked this question before and somebody gave me the answer but I did not save it. My system : https://termbin.com/h9j0l I am thinking of migrating from LMDE4 to Bullseye Mate but I want to retain the Mint look and feel. How do I do that? I have run the Live CD image of Debian Mate Bullseye but it doesn't look remotely as cool as the one on Linux Mint. Actually Mate was dropped by Mint some time ago. I suspect the customizations come from Cinnamon, but I am not sure. If anybody has a clue, any input will be appreciated. Hello, I suppose you could search for packages containing "theme" or "artwork" or something similar in their name that are present in the LMDE4 repo: http://packages.linuxmint.com/list.php?release=debbie Good afternoon Ottavio Or even: http://packages.linuxmint.com/list.php?release=elsie for lmde5 (bullseye) packages. I'd like to ask another question. Apart from the panel, how much of the desktop do you see for more than a few seconds that it takes to log in? I rarely see anything other than the panel and making that look how I want is pretty easy in Mate. My tastes are simple so I go for a solid colour. But from memory, you can have a background image. Desktop and log in screen are an image I choose outside of Mint. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: Followup to my last...
On 18/1/22 18:29, R. Toby Richards wrote: I'm installing Debian 11. The installer says that it is missing firmware files: b43/ucode11.fw, b43/ucode11.fw, b43-open/ucode11.fw and b43-open/ucode.fw. If you have such media available now, insert it, and continue. I downloaded the dang unofficial DVD ISO that supposedly has non-free binaries, but the installer won't accept that media as having the Broadcom drivers that I need. Sneakernet doesn't work because every iteration of the ISO that I try has no working dpkg. I cannot dpkg the stuff I need for dpkg to work if dpkg is not working. I appreciate your stance on non-free binaries, but at least throw me a bone on the unofficial ISO files. -- _R. Toby Richards_ Good afternoon Toby Just a quick response Please advise the full name of your install .iso And output of command lspci at least the network controllers I've used b43 firmware in the past and it worked; but that macbook died about 5 years ago, so no recent knowledge -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: restructure folders
On 13/1/22 15:31, sp...@caiway.net wrote: I have this foldertree tree: /dir1/dirA/dirB /dir2/dir* I want the foldertree to become: /dirA/DirB /dir* Is this possible on the commandline? Any idea is welcome Thanks! Question - why do you have these directories in / If they really are in / would this do what you want cd /dir1 mv dirA / cd /dir2 mv dir* / I'd suggest you would be safer doing this in mc (a cli file manager) so you can see where you are sending the files -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: Question about email received
On 31/12/21 12:02, rhkra...@gmail.com wrote: On Thursday, December 30, 2021 11:33:03 AM Julius Hamilton wrote: Yes, it’s fishy and nonsensical, I encourage you not to interact with it. Google would never intentionally send an email like that. +1 Who would subscribe with a 'noreply' type address?
Re: Debian 11.1, xfce4-terminal, select entire line, middle-click, newline not pasted
On 6/12/21 13:15, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 6/12/21 06:56, David Christensen wrote: On Debian 9 (and 10, and earlier?) with Xfce Terminal, when I select an entire line of text in one terminal and then middle click paste in another terminal window, the entire line is pasted; including the newline. David You need to activate the copy text on highlight option in preferences. As I recall, right click in xterm to get preferences. Sorry Should have read further. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: Debian 11.1, xfce4-terminal, select entire line, middle-click, newline not pasted
On 6/12/21 06:56, David Christensen wrote: On Debian 9 (and 10, and earlier?) with Xfce Terminal, when I select an entire line of text in one terminal and then middle click paste in another terminal window, the entire line is pasted; including the newline. David You need to activate the copy text on highlight option in preferences. As I recall, right click in xterm to get preferences. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: Status of Bookworm
On 4/12/21 13:03, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Sat, Dec 04, 2021 at 12:30:52PM +1100, Keith Bainbridge wrote: netinst is cli only ... what? NO! try sudo tasksel and choose desktop options. xfce is listed The netinst image contains the same installer as the full DVD-1 image does. Good afternoon I tried a netinst using 487M Sep 30 07:22 firmware-testing-amd64-netinst.iso in vbox I chose the standard install (2nd option, rather than graphic install) and tasksel started after the .iso software updated. So maybe Kenneth's problem was no network connection. BUT that should have been reported during the install. Looks like my claim that netinst is cli was from the times I didn't run tasksel. Sorry. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: Status of Bookworm
Good morning Kenneth netinst is cli only try sudo tasksel and choose desktop options. xfce is listed All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com 0447 667 468 On 4/12/21 10:44, Kenneth Parker wrote: When reading about changes to Bookworm (i.e. Enforcement of usrmerge), I figured that it is worth a qemu Install. So I downloaded the current Testing netinst cd and selected Expert Install. The reason for this email is that it does not give any Graphical Desktop options. (I am partial to Xfce, but fluent in the Command Line). Should I wait? (I am not ready to delve into sid, by the way). Thanks! Kenneth Parker
Re: why i can't download debian-live-10.11.0-i386-gnome.iso?
On 2/12/21 12:26, lou wrote: http://ftp.sunet.se/cdimage/archive/10.11.0-live/i386/iso-hybrid/ i use wget to download, length is 2G though ftp.sunet.se shows 2.6G ftp.funet.fi has same problem, live gnome image is more than 2G, i can't get it with wget http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/mirrors/debian-cdimage/current-live/i386/iso-hybrid/ Good afternoon lou I often download files larger than 2G with wget Have you tried the debian download site? All the best Keith Bainbridge kkeithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: How to NOT automatically mount a specific partition of an external device?
Steve I use a line in /etc/fstab like this for just this purpose: UUID= /mount/point/you/want ext4defaults,noexec,noauto 0 2 Rememer to mkdir -p the mount point you want. And it doesn't have to be /media. The noexec means nothing can run from the device - not even root. You may not want that situation All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com 0447 667 468 On Wed, 24 Nov 2021 09:57:23 +0100 steve wrote: >>Hi, >> >>I have an external ssd with two partitions. One is for Windows and the >>other one is an ext4 partition for data. >> >>Every time I plug in this ssd (via usb3), both partitions are mounted >>automatically. >> >>mount command gives: >> >>/dev/sdh1 on /media/steve/Samsung_T5 type fuseblk >>(rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096,uhelper=udisks2) >>/dev/sdh2 on /media/steve/T5Linux type ext4 >>(rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,stripe=8191,uhelper=udisks2) >> >>I don't need /dev/sdh1 under linux (it's mainly my son's game stuff). >>I also see sometimes errors in /var/log/syslog related to that >>partition. >> >>So is there a way to automatically mount /dev/sdh2 but not /dev/sdh1? >> >>Thanks >> >>steve >> >>
Re: No video after boot
On 12/11/21 08:58, Paul M. Foster wrote: There's a *more* advanced kernel in backports? I thought backports was for old stuff. And I've never used it, not sure how to do it. The other problem here is that, if I could actually boot, I could update the kernel. But without being able to boot the drive, I can't quite imagine how I'd update the kernel. Paul Paul Briefly, backports is a method of bringing newer stuff into stable, for people who really, really need newer. They are handled by a team who try to ensure that stuff in testing is working well enough that the rest of us should be able to use it with fewer problems than simply running testing. I thought you were getting a terminal? You said that you have another PC. So Find a tutorial on adding backports to your sources.list, then how to use backports. I have an alias that installs backports: sudo apt-get -y install --install-recommends -t bullseye-backports package The tutorial should explain how to add a line to your sources.list, # apt update, apt search linux-image check for signed images (linux-image-5.14.0-0.bpo.2-amd64/now 5.14.9-2~bpo11+1 amd64 [installed,local] Linux 5.14 for 64-bit PCs (signed) # apt-get -y install --install-recommends -t bullseye-backports (maybe???) linux-image-5.14.0-0.bpo.2-amd64from my list of available images -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: Samba Won't Mount, Buster to Bullseye migration
On 27/10/21 15:11, Charles Curley wrote: and some experimenting. ,noauto //samba.localdomain/samba /home/charles/samba cifs x-systemd.automount,_netdev,rw,credentials=/etc/samba/charles.credentials,uid=charles,gid=charles,file_mode=0644 0 0 Charles I've only ever seen the 'noauto' amongst the uid= gid= options Are you sure it should be first item in the entry? -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: xhost-command in Debian1
On 24/10/21 05:31, Charles Curley wrote: alias su="su --whitelist-environment=DISPLAY,XAUTHORITY" Doesn't that mean that when you type 'su' at a command prompt, the response will be running the command --whitelist-environment=DISPLAY,XAUTHORITY as root. You won't be able to switch to root using su in future? -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: security of debian default sudoers file (was: dead lock)
On 17/10/21 20:41, Gregor Zattler wrote: PS: in my opinion you should avoid creating a sudoers file unless you really know what you are doing. the defaults are very insecure. So force sudo to use the root passwd. After you ensure your root passwd works, simply add the line: Defaultsrootpw to /etc/sudoers. You should need a fresh terminal to test this. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: dead lock
On 17/10/21 00:33, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Sat, Oct 16, 2021 at 03:00:28PM +1100, Keith Bainbridge wrote: On 15/10/21 00:14, Greg Wooledge wrote: If for some reason you've forgotten the root password that you used during installation, or you've lost your membership in the sudo group, then you can add "init=/bin/bash" to the kernel parameters in GRUB, re-mount the root file system read/write, run the "passwd root" command to set a new root password, and then reboot again. Good afternoon My experience is that if you chose a root passwd at installation, sudo is NOT installed. Correct. I believe that in my earlier message, I said that sudo is installed only if you choose to leave the root password blank. If not, then I at least implied it. Yes you had said that. Somebody had kind of countered your comments by saying something like 'if you have lost access to sudo' I just wanted re-enforce your your words -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: dead lock
On 15/10/21 00:14, Greg Wooledge wrote: If for some reason you've forgotten the root password that you used during installation, or you've lost your membership in the sudo group, then you can add "init=/bin/bash" to the kernel parameters in GRUB, re-mount the root file system read/write, run the "passwd root" command to set a new root password, and then reboot again. Good afternoon My experience is that if you chose a root passwd at installation, sudo is NOT installed. -- All the best Keith Bainbridge keithrbaugro...@gmail.com
Re: Xfce4 Problem with User Desktop Background Color
On Fri, 15 Oct 2021 09:51:46 -0400 Dan Ritter wrote: >>Given your second message, it is clear that this is a >>configuration issue that is under the control of your normal >>user, not an OS-wide problem. You will not need to reinstall. G'day All If you can't find a solution by adjusting settings, try starting your config again delet: .config/xfce4/ You'll be asked if you want a new default set up All the best Keith Bainbridge keith.bainbridge.3...@gmail.com 0447 667 468
