RE: EDITING CONDUIT AND STATIC ENTRIES [7:9333]
My recollection is that conduits are discrete, and can be edited, added, removed, without effecting other conduit entries. Unlike access-lists, where there is an implied deny all at the end. The reason is that on a PIX, or any good fire wall, everything is denied unless explicitly permitted. Therefore, until you add a static conduit, no conduits / statics are permitted, and everything goes through your defined global nat. Therefore order does not matter. Best wishes Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of NP-BASS LEON Sent: Thursday, June 21, 2001 7:57 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:EDITING CONDUIT AND STATIC ENTRIES [7:9333] [ The following text is in the iso-8859-1 character set. ] [ Your display is set for the US-ASCII character set. ] [ Some characters may be displayed incorrectly. ] Whenever you are editing conduit and static entries on a PIX, do you need to cut and paste the entire list. I notice that the conduit command will allow you to add a single entry, but is this proper procedure. I'm asking because I have come across the PIX from hell, over 150 conduit and static entries. SOMEONE HELP!! -Original Message- From: Sam [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, June 20, 2001 8:31 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Pix command confusion [7:9275] static (inside,outside) 210.110.xx.xx 192.168.xx.xx netmask 255.255.255.255 conduit permit tcp host 210.110.xx.xx eq [port] host 210.xxx.xx.xx The conduit permit command restricts access to the port specified. It also restricts access by foreign IP If you want to open it the port to any IP (I wouldn't do this) conduit permit tcp host 210.110.xx.xx eq [port] any you should search cisco.com for the commands for more info. Hope it helps Greg wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... I have a pix 520 running version 5.2. I have to let a vendor come in to do some work on a Unix box. I'm a little confused as to what commands I need to execute to do this (Nat, static, and/or conduit). For example how do I get pix to show 197.168.xx.xx to 210.110.xx.xx? Any info would be appreciated. Thanks Greg --- Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.230 / Virus Database: 111 - Release Date: 1/25/01 Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=9348t=9333 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: OSPF Hub and Spoke [7:9268]
John, this one's got me to thinking a little bit. Your kinda right but kinda wrong. The areas are an OSPF structure, used for the building of the SPF tables. It's not that inter area traffic has to go through a discreet area 0, but that in OSPF in order for an area to learn about routes to another area there has to be an area 0 router in between them. It does not matter if there are a number of interfaces that are ABR's, or if there is a discrete and pure area 0. With OSPF, all that matters is that the appropriate adjacencies are formed, and that the LSA's are processed and that the OSPF database is created. If all that occurs, OSPF routes will be placed into the routing tables. As far as the router itself is concerned, routing is independent of the routing protocols involved. I've fooled with this in the past. I'll have to do another QD lab to gather some evidence, and post it here over the weekend. In the meantime, for those interested in some in-depth discussion of routing, Howard's white paper on Certification Zone is definitely worth reading. I have not seen the likes of it in any other source, including Doyle ( although it has been too long since I've read Doyle ) Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of John Neiberger Sent: Thursday, June 21, 2001 6:55 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: OSPF Hub and Spoke [7:9268] Yes, I'm replying to myself. While doing some reading it occurred to me why *not* extending area 0 across the WAN links should not work. In OSPF, unlike IS-IS, an area is defined by links, not routers. The rule states that interarea traffic must go through area 0. Well, if areas are defined by links, then this means that interarea traffic must at least go across one link that is defined as an area 0 link. In a hub-and-spoke environment with a single hub router, it seems to me that there just is no good way to use multiarea OSPF if you don't extend area 0 across the WAN links. At least, that's the way it appears at the moment. John | I'm having trouble wrapping my brain around a specific scenario and I | wanted to get your thoughts. Let's say we have a hub and spoke network | with a single router as the hub. There are five areas attached to the | backbone. It seems that we would have to extend area 0 across the WAN | links, but I'm wondering what would happen if we didn't. | | If we didn't, the backbone router would have no interfaces in area 0. | I'm wondering if this would cause some major problems. I bet that it | would but I'm having a hard time thinking through what actual problems | might arise. Would this backbone router just know that it was area 0 | because it has interfaces in multiple non-zero areas and hence behave | correctly? | | One obvious problem is that the backbone router would be a member of | every area and would thus be pretty busy if the network got to be very | big. If we extended area 0 across the WAN link the backbone router | would be protected from running SPF calculations everytime a remote area | had a link change. | | What other problems would arise? Would this even work at all? I don't | really have the tools to try it or I'd just attempt this chaos myself. | As you can guess, we run eigrp everywhere so I'm still clueless to some | of the workings of OSPF in a production environment. | | Regards, | John | | | | ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=9474t=9268 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Config Register Weirdness, again... [7:9181]
A well known trick of evil lab proctors making for fewer CCIE's in this world :- -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Priscilla Oppenheimer Sent: Wednesday, June 20, 2001 11:01 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: Config Register Weirdness, again... [7:9181] A well-known trick of evil students making trouble for the Cisco networking instructor. ;-) Priscilla At 01:25 PM 6/20/01, John Neiberger wrote: This was happening on a 2621 running 12.1(5)T5 but I saw something similar happen on a 2650 running 12.2(2)T. I discovered that the cause of the behavior was a speed change on the console port in the config. Somehow this was changing the config register settings and those changes didn't always make much sense. I changed the speed back to 9600 and the config register was set back to 0x2102. John Kane, Christopher A. 6/20/01 10:58:11 AM I haven't seen that before. What series of router is it? Could it be a jumper setting? -Original Message- From: John Neiberger [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, June 20, 2001 10:47 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Config Register Weirdness, again... [7:9181] Okay, what's the deal here? Look at this output: Configuration register is 0x2102 (will be 0x4000 at next reload) RARAP#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. RARAP(config)#config-reg 0x2102 RARAP(config)#end RARAP#sho ver Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software [lotsa trimming] Configuration register is 0x2102 (will be 0x3922 at next reload) Why is the config register going to reload at 0x3922?? I just set the darn thing to 0x2102 and you can see that change occurred. I was trying to get rid of the 'will be 0x4000 at next reload'. I have no idea why that was there to begin with but it should not be there. Is this something that I'll have to fix from the console port? I can't reload the router because it was put into production this morning. Why is it set to 0x3922? I'm guessing that the guy who installed this was playing around with the confreg utility in rommon and we'll have to go back to rommon to fix it. Any ideas? Thanks, John Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=9279t=9181 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Config Register Weirdness, again... [7:9181]
You bad boys and girls should read and save my posts. Lots of good information. http://home.nc.rr.com/quiggle/ConfigReg.xls courtesy of Adam Quiggle the console port speed is determined by the values of two bit positions in the config register. Convert from hex to binary. Bits 11 and 12 from the right ( start at 0, as all good computer folk do ) a bug of one sort or another in the IOS? So far as I know, console speeds greater than 9600 are not supported. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of John Neiberger Sent: Wednesday, June 20, 2001 8:21 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: Config Register Weirdness, again... [7:9181] Alright, I figured it out! The guy who configured this router (and the last one that was acting strangely) set the line speed on the console port to 115200 by adding 'speed 115200' in the config. After playing around a bit I've noticed that speed changes to the console port automatically adjust the configuration register, but not always in expected ways. In this case, the config register was changed to 0x3922 which sets the speed to 2400. Changing the speed to 38400 sets the config register to 0x2922 which will set the port speed to 4800 upon reboot. Weird, huh? I don't get the correlation. Why does 115200 = 2400 upon reboot? And 38400 = 4800? Hmm something's fishy, but at least that explains the weirdness I've noticed lately. Moral of the story: beware of changing the line speed on your console port! It may cause behavior you don't expect! And I still haven't figured out why the register was set to 0x4000 in the beginning. Oh well, back to work... John John Neiberger wrote: Okay, what's the deal here? Look at this output: Configuration register is 0x2102 (will be 0x4000 at next reload) RARAP#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. RARAP(config)#config-reg 0x2102 RARAP(config)#end RARAP#sho ver Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software [lotsa trimming] Configuration register is 0x2102 (will be 0x3922 at next reload) Why is the config register going to reload at 0x3922?? I just set the darn thing to 0x2102 and you can see that change occurred. I was trying to get rid of the 'will be 0x4000 at next reload'. I have no idea why that was there to begin with but it should not be there. Is this something that I'll have to fix from the console port? I can't reload the router because it was put into production this morning. Why is it set to 0x3922? I'm guessing that the guy who installed this was playing around with the confreg utility in rommon and we'll have to go back to rommon to fix it. Any ideas? Thanks, John Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=9281t=9181 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: A post in alt.certification.cisco all should read [7:9286]
it's all over the CCIE list. Cisco is going to a one day lab. Speculation is that they are eliminating all the B.S. and C.S. stuff. Some of us are guessing that a candidate will walk into a router/switch pod that is preconfigured with the basic stuff, and that to prove your CCIExpertise, you will have to accomplish advanced tasks like redistribution, adding voice and VPN's, maybe adding BGP, and fixing a couple of complex bugs. Pure speculation at this point. I believe I read somewhere that Cisco will be making a major announcement on the web site next week. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, June 20, 2001 6:42 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:A post in alt.certification.cisco all should read [7:9286] Hi All... There is a post on the Usenet news group alt.certification.cisco that anyone interested in the CCIE certification should read. The post is titled Changes to CCIE Exams Upcoming. I would just cut and paste it here, but frankly it appears to be a email for the director of the CCIE program that was not intended for the public. HTH -- John Hardman CCNP MCSE Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=9289t=9286 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: new RFC Resource [7:8951]
This site has it's good and bad points. Searching by word or phrase can indeed help locate things more easily, but it can work against you. For example, I did a search on ARP and got 60 hits. Not one of which had the RFC title. The index page gives RFC numbers, but again no titles. So for the fun stuff - the joke RFC's, one might benefit from this site. For real research I still prefer the ietf site. Where RFC titles are returned when one searches. Guess I'm just a stick in the mud. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Ciscodog Sent: Monday, June 18, 2001 8:22 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:new RFC Resource [7:8951] Hey folks Just thought I'd pass along this new RFC resource website - its an official RFC Org. mirror - easy to search by word/topic. www.rfcdoctor.com PS - type in coffee or monkey and catch up on the latest new technology breakthroughs and a few laughs! -Ciscodog CCNP/DP and IE2B! Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=9146t=8951 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Complete Redundancy [7:8409]
The world is a single point of failure. :- Seriously, something often overlooked - the ISP's themselves, their backbones, their peering. Not too long ago, up in the Sacramento area, some folks found out the hard way that even though they were dual homed, both ISP's used the same backbone provider. When that provider had a failure, both ISP's were down ( along with several others in the area, all of whom used this same Tier 1 as their backbone ) If the customer really does require absolute complete redundancy then you and they should be doing a lot of research. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Andy Barkl Sent: Wednesday, June 13, 2001 2:09 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Complete Redundancy [7:8409] I have a client who needs absolute complete redundancy for their Internet service. I assume they should be using 2 separate links with different ISPs. What I don't have hands-on experience with is the physical connections and HSRP. Will I connect both routers to the local switch and then configure HSRP between them? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8714t=8409 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: What is the Lab 'like'? [7:8366]
Correction - www.ccbootcamp.com Cisco's lawyers forced the change. -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Raul F. Fernandez-IGLOU Sent: Wednesday, June 13, 2001 11:00 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: What is the Lab 'like'? [7:8366] Go to www.cciebootcamp.com . They have pretty good write up. I know of 2 guys that just took itand I dont know but they both said they were going to smoke ityet they both never got invited back on the second day. Perhaps they undersetimated the amount of material and the little hidden mines along the way that this exam is famous for. The only thing I disagree with is the statement that one of the guys made. He did not really care that he failed but that he had seen it and now knew what to do. I think its this kind of attitude which will cause him more problems. If he tends to assume that the exam he took is the only blue print he will set himself up again to fail. Anyway, these guys work with me and said the exam was truly a monster. Raul - Original Message - From: NetEng Phx To: Sent: Wednesday, June 13, 2001 1:14 PM Subject: What is the Lab 'like'? [7:8366] All, I am looking forward to a run at my CCIE next year and I am trying to visualize what the Lab test will be 'like'. I have read Cisco's material and searched around a bit, but that info falls short of what I am looking for here. I understand the lab consist of essentially two parts; build out and troubleshooting. How are the Problems/requirements presented? For example, are you given very high level requirements such as build a scalable network and you make all the design decisions, or are you likely to get more specific requirements such as; plan and addressing scheme to conserve IP space and router resources, or even more specific like: select and OSPF network type to use in your network? In the troubleshooting section, do they insert faults that you have to discover, or do they provide you with at least some clue of which high level functionality may or may not be working? Real world troubleshooting is usually in response to observed problem, or issue. Is it fair game to have something tweaked in the configs that is not expressed in any level of functionality, or lack there-of, on the test pod? Are the problems presented in writing, orally by the proctor, or both? Do you deliver to the proctor diagrams, and notes, or just the configs and cableing on the routers. Are you required to orally defend your design? I am not interested in info that violates the agreement with Cisco, just any input that can help me visualize what it will be like. Thanks! Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8718t=8366 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Vlans - maximum no of devices [7:8128]
Congratulations on passing! However, it is wise to distinguish between Cisco's answers and the Truth :- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of William E. Gragido Sent: Wednesday, June 13, 2001 4:16 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: Vlans - maximum no of devices [7:8128] Each Vlan can accomadate 254 with each switch accomadating a max of 256 devices...its was on my Switching exam todayI passed ;-) -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Chris Haller Sent: Tuesday, June 12, 2001 6:46 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Vlans - maximum no of devices [7:8128] If I remember correctly, each VLAN is it's own subnet. And therefore, if each vlan is it's own subnet, you can only have 254 devices attached to each subnet. You may wanna check that on CCO. --- John Kale wrote: hi all, I read somewhere that there can only be a maximum of 254 devices in a vlan. I'm currently redesigning a network that would have a vlan containing about 300 devices. Is the 254 restriction a design one? Please can someone enlighting me on this issue. regards, Tunde _ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. [EMAIL PROTECTED] = Chris from Chicago MasterCNE, 5.x CNE, ICNE, 4.x CNE, CCNA, MCP __ Do You Yahoo!? Get personalized email addresses from Yahoo! Mail - only $35 a year! http://personal.mail.yahoo.com/ Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8717t=8128 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: What is the Lab 'like'? [7:8366]
If you haven't done so already, get yourself a subscription to Certification zone www.certificationzone.com Check out the white paper by David Wolsefer on this topic. Also, check out the networkers presentation on the Lab ( rats - I can't find the link - check out the archives. Jenny McCloud posted the link a few weeks ago. ) Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, June 13, 2001 10:15 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:What is the Lab 'like'? [7:8366] All, I am looking forward to a run at my CCIE next year and I am trying to visualize what the Lab test will be 'like'. I have read Cisco's material and searched around a bit, but that info falls short of what I am looking for here. I understand the lab consist of essentially two parts; build out and troubleshooting. How are the Problems/requirements presented? For example, are you given very high level requirements such as build a scalable network and you make all the design decisions, or are you likely to get more specific requirements such as; plan and addressing scheme to conserve IP space and router resources, or even more specific like: select and OSPF network type to use in your network? In the troubleshooting section, do they insert faults that you have to discover, or do they provide you with at least some clue of which high level functionality may or may not be working? Real world troubleshooting is usually in response to observed problem, or issue. Is it fair game to have something tweaked in the configs that is not expressed in any level of functionality, or lack there-of, on the test pod? Are the problems presented in writing, orally by the proctor, or both? Do you deliver to the proctor diagrams, and notes, or just the configs and cableing on the routers. Are you required to orally defend your design? I am not interested in info that violates the agreement with Cisco, just any input that can help me visualize what it will be like. Thanks! Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8719t=8366 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: LLC Type 2 [7:8262]
One place to look is Darren Spohn's Data Network Design, if you can find a copy. I bough one used through Amazon, and at that time there were a few more copies available. I have it on good authority that an new edition is on it's way ;- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Kane, Christopher A. Sent: Wednesday, June 13, 2001 1:20 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: LLC Type 2 [7:8262] Where can you get manageable copies of the original specifications? I've only been in this environment for 3 1/2 years, I'm trying to grasp as much knowledge as possible as quickly as possible. Reading certification books seems like a good first step. My goal is to someday be precise to the point of being able to quote RFCs and original specs. Does anyone have any book recommendations or do I have to keep downloading RFCs? My reading list right now includes: Various Cisco Press books (taking CID test tomorrow) Computer Networks 3rd edition (Andrew S. Tanenbaum) Designing Routing and Switching Architectures for Enterprise Networks (Berkowitz) IPSEC (Doraswamy) Christopher A. Kane, CCNP/CCDA -Original Message- From: Howard C. Berkowitz [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, June 13, 2001 3:19 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: LLC Type 2 [7:8262] Stephen Skinner raised the interesting points, So , the answer to your question`s seem to be . Yes if your doing a Cisco Exam No if your reading info from the CCO Yes/No depending on who you are talking too.. a Question has just popped into my head...What else that we quote as law (given to us from Cisco and other sources )in incorrect. now that i would like to know steve You've just crystallized in my mind the reason I'm always vaguely uncomfortable about the people that want more and more advanced Cisco certifications, as well as arguing the gospel according to various review books rather than the original specifications. There are definitely errors in Cisco material. In the past, certain training developers simply didn't want to change them because it would confuse people. There are other reasons, significantly including that the average course or test developer is not a subject matter expert. Indeed, I know of firms to which Cisco outsourced course development which actively did not want subject matter experts writing courses, but instructional methodology people -- even if the subject matter expert was an experienced instructor and course developer. I literally got a downcheck in my performance review at Geotrain because I insisted on being a technical authority rather than managing external experts. If I were hiring someone for a network design role, much less product development, I'd be far less impressed by someone that had nine specialized CCIE certifications, than someone who had published in independent technical forums, could document real network design experience, etc. Nortel's certified architect program, among other things, requires candidates to document five networks they have designed, with their assumptions and design choices. The US military has had a lot of success with intensive training -- train like you fight, fight like you train. But there is a huge difference in correspondence to reality of something like the CCIE lab, and running tank battalions around the National Training Center at Fort Irwin. The CCIE lab has an artificially small number of routers; the NTC consciously outnumbers the US troops with people with home field advantage--but regards the experience first as learning and second as testing. From: Priscilla Oppenheimer Reply-To: Priscilla Oppenheimer To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: LLC Type 2 [7:8262] Date: Tue, 12 Jun 2001 19:15:33 -0400 I found myself writing this paragraph for a new writing project: When NetBEUI and SNA are used on Ethernet networks, they take advantage of the reliability of LLC Type 2. Because NetBEUI and SNA are legacy protocols, the use of LLC Type 2 is diminishing. However, it is still important to learn LLC Type 2 because WAN protocols, such as High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) and Link Access Procedure on the D Channel (LAPD), also known as ITU-T Q.921, are based on LLC Type 2. (Cisco's HDLC is non-standard and is not based on LLC Type 2, however. Cisco's HDLC is connectionless.) Do I have it backwards? Are HDLC and LAPD based on LLC2, or is it the other way around? Any other lies you can pinpoint in my paragraph? I know it's a bit awkward still. I will polish it. ;-) Thanks for your help! Priscilla Thanks for your help! Priscilla Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com _ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8745t=8262
RE: ARP and TCP/IP layering [7:8335]
-Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Howard C. Berkowitz Sent: Thursday, June 14, 2001 6:28 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: ARP and TCP/IP layering [7:8335] I'm simultaneously amused and confused by some of the debates on the list, especially with respect to protocol architecture. True, in many cases, it is important to know what Cisco is looking for in tests, which is not necessarily the same as what the protocol designers had in mind. But a lot of the discussions have the flavor of the sort of sports debates: Would Muhammad Ali have beaten Joe Louis? OSI, in its _basic_ 7 layer form, is a useful tool for conceptualizing and educating. That's it. Certain concepts, like the generic relationship between layers, protocol encapsulation, etc., are generally useful. But I assure you, from personal experience in ISO, IETF, CCITT/ITU-T, and ANSI, nobody spends more than a few seconds thinking about what layer something goes into. Indeed, some of the layers are there for political reasons, especially the session layer. The major reason the session layer was separated out is to give an existing CCITT committee from the teletext work something to do. The functions of session quite reasonably could be given to transport and application, which is usually the case in IP stacks. Ironically, one of the few stacks I know of that truly has seven layers, NFS, comes out of the IP, not OSI, world. CL: Dare I ask the difference between Layer 3 switching and Routing? ;- ARP was developed without reference to the OSI reference model. That's the easiest way to think about it. ;-) Cisco books that coerce protocols into the strict 7 layers are simplifying the truth. In many cases a protocol doesn't fit into a linear stack. ARP lies in a control plane. Its functionality is similar to call setup tasks in a WAN network. To understand ARP it helps to use the ISO document called The Internal Organization of the Network Layer, which relaxes the rigid boundaries between Layer 2 and Layer 3. ARP resides in the Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Facility. Lots of words but if you think about them, they make sense. Howard has answered this question a ZILLION times. Check the archives. I'm sure he says it much better than I do. ;-) Priscilla At 11:50 AM 6/13/01, John Neiberger wrote: This topic has come up a few times in the past and I don't think we ever came to a common agreement. Several people made good arguments on both sides. I don't recall the specific argument, but I believe someone even made a convincing argument that it was an application layer function. Perhaps someone here remembers that thread and could refresh our memories. John, and I think you know I'm not picking on you, people certainly can argue about things. At the same time, I want to make the distinction between secondary and primary sources. A secondary source, in the Cisco context, is something primarily derived from a course, or other Cisco materials. These materials aren't necessarily what the Cisco developers would have said. A primary source is an RFC, or an ISO document, etc., or someone who was directly involved in the standards or product development. Even there, there will be conflicts. It is quite common to see people here referring to the interpretation of IP in RFC 760, 791, etc., when these have been superceded by RFC 1812. When most people think of host-to-host communications they think of one layer on one device speaking to the corresponding layer of another device. In this case of ARP I personally feel that we have the network layer of one device speaking to the datalink layer of another. Even that point is a little shaky because at the destination the packet must reach the network layer to be recognized, but the information desired from the end station is layer two, not layer three. I would also suggest that we determine the layer at which a function resides by looking at the layer that originated the request for information. That is generally valid, and, in fact, is a fair description of the formal OSI concept of service layering as distinct from protocol layering. The distinction between services and protocols is rarely taught, mostly because the instructional people think it's too abstract. In this case, it's the desire of the network layer in one device to speak to the network layer of another device that initiates this entire process. An ARP is generated at the request of the network layer. This ARP seeks out the destination device, gathers the necessary information, and delivers that information to the network layer of the originating device. Because of those two arguments I'd say that the ARP function overlaps both the network and datalink layer. It is a datalink frame generated at the request of the network layer, and it just doesn't fit perfectly into either layer. No, it's that the datalink and network layers don't fit the
RE: LLC Type 2 [7:8262]
-Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Priscilla Oppenheimer Sent: Friday, June 15, 2001 11:28 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: LLC Type 2 [7:8262] VMS books were orange, as I recall!? Or maybe you are thinking of the convergence concurrence interface facility that mapped the red book to the yellow book. Red and yellow make orange. On the other hand, with electronic colors, we only have RGB, so who knows how you make orange in our industry? By the way, did you know that the first dictionary of the English Language, developed by Samuel Johnson and printed in 1755, defined network. The definition was: CL: one morning, Dr Johnson sat down to breakfast with his wife. He said something. She said something. One word led to another, and next thing they knew, they had a dictionary. :- Any thing reticulated, or decussated, at equal distances, with interstices between the intersections. CL: sounds dirty to me ;- Forgot to use decaf today. The filters won't let this through anyway, probably. ;-) Priscilla At 11:13 AM 6/15/01, Howard C. Berkowitz wrote: Final results of some search: For information (using my father's notes) the CCITT books-of-recommendations' colors were the following: - green in 1972, - yellow in 1980, - red in 1984 - blue in 1988 (last 4-year-book). mutters because I distinctly remember an Orange Book. 1976? Laughing...and let's not get confused with the NSA Rainbow Books, where the Orange Book series deals with general and host security, the Red Books with network security, the Chartreuse Books with passwords, etc. I have missed 1976 - cannot find it in notes and ITU-T site does not help either. Let's make it orange??? (Actually none of the recs from that book are valid any more, as opposed to recs from Blue, Red and Yellow books - which proves Orange simply must be older.) You are quite correct that there was evolution, including in the OSI Reference Model itself. Especially important (don't have numbers in front of me) were the Internal Organization of the Network Layer and the OSI Routeing Framework. Once one understands these specifications, many of the arguments over what layer does XXX go into disappear, because the definitions of layers have evolved. Look at ISO 8880 and 8881, CONS over Ethernet and CLNP over X.25. Is the referred document a technical report?: ISO/IEC TR 9575:1995 Information technology -- Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -- OSI Routeing Framework That certainly was the title, and it very well might have been a TR. TR1 on functional profiles certainly is. LLC 3 My 802.2 document is the original IEEE hard cover specification. There's no question there were MIBs for MAP/Enhanced Performance Architecture/etc.; I worked on conformance testers for them, especially their management. I will observe that most of these MIBs were not written as IETF-style SMI, but OSI GDMO. I have downloaded the latest ANSI/IEEE Std 802.2, 1998 Edition - and Type 3 is indeed specified there. Rita Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8752t=8262 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: ARP and TCP/IP layering [7:8335]
I believe the words you are attributing to me were written by Howard. You snipped a bunch from the original message, which included my one line smart ass remark in response to something Howard had said. Chuck -Original Message- From: John Neiberger [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Friday, June 15, 2001 12:14 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: ARP and TCP/IP layering [7:8335] Comments inline Chuck Larrieu 6/15/01 1:04:26 PM At 11:50 AM 6/13/01, John Neiberger wrote: This topic has come up a few times in the past and I don't think we ever came to a common agreement. Several people made good arguments on both sides. I don't recall the specific argument, but I believe someone even made a convincing argument that it was an application layer function. Perhaps someone here remembers that thread and could refresh our memories. John, and I think you know I'm not picking on you, people certainly can argue about things. At the same time, I want to make the distinction between secondary and primary sources. A secondary source, in the Cisco context, is something primarily derived from a course, or other Cisco materials. These materials aren't necessarily what the Cisco developers would have said. A primary source is an RFC, or an ISO document, etc., or someone who was directly involved in the standards or product development. Even there, there will be conflicts. It is quite common to see people here referring to the interpretation of IP in RFC 760, 791, etc., when these have been superceded by RFC 1812. JN: Chuck, stop picking on me! :-) First it's the 10baseT and full duplex issue and now this! Truthfull, I don't know if it's for lack of caffeine yet today but I'm not sure I get your point here. I was simply trying to diplomatically say that this topic had been covered multiple times and yet people still disagree on the outcome of those discussions. When most people think of host-to-host communications they think of one layer on one device speaking to the corresponding layer of another device. In this case of ARP I personally feel that we have the network layer of one device speaking to the datalink layer of another. Even that point is a little shaky because at the destination the packet must reach the network layer to be recognized, but the information desired from the end station is layer two, not layer three. I would also suggest that we determine the layer at which a function resides by looking at the layer that originated the request for information. That is generally valid, and, in fact, is a fair description of the formal OSI concept of service layering as distinct from protocol layering. The distinction between services and protocols is rarely taught, mostly because the instructional people think it's too abstract. In this case, it's the desire of the network layer in one device to speak to the network layer of another device that initiates this entire process. An ARP is generated at the request of the network layer. This ARP seeks out the destination device, gathers the necessary information, and delivers that information to the network layer of the originating device. Because of those two arguments I'd say that the ARP function overlaps both the network and datalink layer. It is a datalink frame generated at the request of the network layer, and it just doesn't fit perfectly into either layer. No, it's that the datalink and network layers don't fit the necessary function of ARP. More precisely, the datalink and network layers, when not split into control and forwarding, are an expecially bad fit. JN: Your description of the problem fits but I feel that mine is valid as well, especially considering Howard's input about Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Facilities. From his description, if you were attempt to squeeze ARP into the OSI model, it really would appear to overlap the two layers since it exists as a sort of service interface between the two layers. But, as I qualify a lot of things, I may be wrong. I'm weary from thinking about it, so stop picking on me. Then again, I may be wrong. :-) Regards, John Dr Rita Puzmanova 6/13/01 7:58:53 AM Hi all, Trivial yet fundamental question. I have seen ARP described as part of the network (internet) layer so many times that I have started to believe it belongs there (although I know well that it operates as if the Layer 2 protocol - as per OSI RM). Now I have eventually come across Doug Comer's statement: It's part of the network interface layer. I should not ask where the truth is but still I will. That would mean quite a lot of books are incorrect in this (including Cisco materials). Rita Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8759t=8335 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http
OT: Friday follies - the Nature of Truth and Cisco [7:8801]
Questions keep coming: what to believe and why? Brought to mind something I found on CCO once. The topic was the maximum network diameter of an EIGRP network. The following is a quote from CCO: IP Enhanced IGRP provides the following features: (snip) Increased network width. With IP RIP, the largest possible width of your network is 15 hops. When IP Enhanced IGRP is enabled, the largest possible width is 224 hops. Because the Enhanced IGRP metric is large enough to support thousands of hops, the only barrier to expanding the network is the transport layer hop counter. Cisco works around this problem by incrementing the transport control field only when an IP packet has traversed 15 routers and the next hop to the destination was learned via Enhanced IGRP. When a RIP route is being used as the next hop to the destination, the transport control field is incremented as usual. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios11/cbook/ciprout e.htm#xtocid248438 watch the wrap the statement remains incredibly amusing, even after all this time. I continue to wonder exactly what field is being manipulated here. Just an idle thought, along with numbers of hosts per vlan and the difference between layer 3 switching and routing. Chuck One IOS to forward them all. One IOS to find them. One IOS to summarize them all And in the routing table bind them. -JRR Chambers- Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8801t=8801 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Networkers CCIE prep materials [7:8800]
Earlier today someone was asking. The following link will get you to the Cisco networkers presentation on CCIE prep. http://www.cisco.com/networkers/nw00/pres/3304/3304.htm ( courtesy of Jenny McLeod ) I also recommend David Wolsefer's white paper on the subject, found at www.certificationzone.com A subscription will do you good. Best wishes Chuck Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8800t=8800 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Routing Table Question [7:8103]
It occurred to me that everything you want to know is on CCO. The problem as always is how to find it. One of the required CCIE skill sets is ability to find information on the document CD, of which there is an on-line version at: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/home/home.htm First place to check is either the config guides or the command references. Having looked there, I found a couple you might want to peruse. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios121/121cgcr/ip_r /iprprt2/1rdindep.htm#xtocid2797042 watch the word wrap http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ssr83/rpc_r/53992.h tm watch the wrap - and it IS there someplace - down towards the end :- for BGP: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios121/121cgcr/ip_r /iprprt2/1rdbgp.htm#xtocid1885372 definitely watch the wrap here CCO can be a pain sometimes. But it is ALL there. Over on the CCIE list, one constant is the advice to learn how to use and search through these references. Doing it by entering a search phrase on the home page is generally useless. HTH Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Bolton, Travis Sent: Tuesday, June 12, 2001 8:03 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: Routing Table Question [7:8103] I saw a question that asked what does the time value represent in a routing table entry? I didn't know if right off the top of my head but figured it out. I then thought that there would probably be more questions of this type on the exam and should know what all the fields represent. Hopefully there is a magical link that will explain them. -Original Message- From: Circusnuts [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, June 11, 2001 11:27 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Routing Table Question [7:8103] This is kind of a tall order... I know what you are asking, but it's somewhat rare that you would see a routing table with multiple routing protocols. I mean, you may have BGP running over OSPF as an IGP (carrying the routes internal), but the Show IP Route really means slightly different things for each routing protocol. I'm sure you are aware of the legend @ the top of your Show IP Route output. I think this is why screen shots explanations will generally be found under BGP, OSPF, RIP, etc. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios121/121cgcr/dial _r/drdshoil.htm#xtocid252275 Not a great link... Can you tell us what you are having the greatest difficulty with, then maybe we could work backwards (assuming a better link cannot be found). Phil - Original Message - From: Bolton, Travis To: Sent: Monday, June 11, 2001 11:59 PM Subject: Routing Table Question [7:8103] Team, Can anybody provide me with a link to where I can find detailed descriptions as to what every aspect of the routing table fields mean. I looked on the Cisco Web site but couldn't find what I was looking for. Thanks in advance... Regards, Travis Bolton Network Engineer II CCNA Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8184t=8103 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: bgp [7:8282]
From where to where? BGP requires an existing route to it's neighbor peers. These routes may be static, but may not be the quad zero default route ( 0.0.0.0 ) So you do not need to run an IGP between your router and your ISP's router, for example. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Dwayne Saunders Sent: Tuesday, June 12, 2001 6:13 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:bgp [7:8282] Hi all, was just wondering if our company starts to use bgp will I need to run a igp as at the moment with our tight security everything is static routed. so the question is will I need to introduce a igp if we start to use BGP. D'Wayne Saunders Network Admin Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8285t=8282 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: mentortech.com vlabs for CCIE [7:7873]
Oft overlooked in the preparation process - good points all, PO. One other thing - Vlabs are timed, so there is pressure to complete the work quickly. Preparation and planning are very important. It is never too early to practice speedy, correct configuration of routers. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Priscilla Oppenheimer Sent: Monday, June 11, 2001 10:47 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: mentortech.com vlabs for CCIE [7:7873] I tried a Mentor Labs vLab. It was great. It starts with a scenario, gives you a chance to do some planning and design(!), and then gives you access to some routers to try your solution. It also has a solution and some explanations. It was a bit slow the day I did it. That would be my only minor complaint. Priscilla - Original Message - From: To: Sent: Sunday, June 10, 2001 12:31 AM Subject: mentortech.com vlabs for CCIE [7:7873] Hi All, Did any one use the mentortech.com vlabs for CCIE. Are they any good??? Tarry. Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8087t=7873 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Inside Cisco Networking offer [7:8093]
Not that I think this particular offer is legit, but there are many of these kinds of professional watcher kinds of newsletters out there, and they are of similar size and not cheap. Stewart Alsop, former editor of Infoworld Magazine, once published such a letter centered around IBM computing. There are also many reputable professional investment newsletters around. As with anything, let the buyer beware. It could be something valuable. It could be another way to separate you from your money. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Jon Sent: Monday, June 11, 2001 5:51 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Inside Cisco Networking offer [7:8093] I must be special, someone sent me another Free magazine offer. No, wait, it's only a free introductory issue. Something called Inside Cisco Networking promising to be the cat's pajamas. Flip over the card, only to notice that the subscription price is only $300.00 -- half off the newstand price of $600! Jeez, what a deal! For slightly more than the yearly cost of SmartNet for a 2501, I can get to read about Cisco from someone outside Cisco. To see what quality journalism I can expect from them, I searched for the publisher, Element K Journals, on yahoo.com. The link, www.computermarketinfo.com is redirected to some UBid auction site, www.shopitall.com -- not exactly installing confidence in me, yet. So, I try elementkjournals.com -- aha! This is the place . . . seems to be a lot of Inside XYZ publications here. Just about every computer technology and software I've ever heard of; looks a lot like the last few resumes headhunters sent to me. Poking around their website, I find this interesting tidbit: Every Element K Journals publication provides 16 pages of ad-free content each month. We like to include several articles in each issue to guarantee that there's something of interest to all of our readers. Therefore, any article you submit should run no longer than four pages (about 2000 words). Wow! I get to pay $300 per year for something the size of my kid's monthly school newsletter. As the Free Offer! floats its way into the rubbish bin, I notice a similar offer in the mail pile: Inside Windows 2000. -jon- __ Do You Yahoo!? Get personalized email addresses from Yahoo! Mail - only $35 a year! http://personal.mail.yahoo.com/ Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8096t=8093 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: new CCIP cert [7:7976]
Yes there is http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/10/wwtraining/certprog/c_and_s/ for many things, one may substitute the word public for customer Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Michael L. Williams Sent: Monday, June 11, 2001 7:28 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: new CCIP cert [7:7976] Is there a non-CCO version of that URL? Remember, not everyone has a CCO login. =( I did look at it, and it looks like BSCN with IS-IS.. costs $50... I thought their beta exams were free. Also, it seems you need one of those CCNA specializations along with MultiCast and QoS exams that don't even exist yet... So I'm assuming this CCIP is a rather new thing? How much credibility would a CCIP have being so new? (assuming you completed it as soon as all of the exams were offered). Mike Gareth Hinton wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Does look very close to the syllabus for BSCN. Looking briefly, I think the only addition is IS-IS. Would seem worth having a go at the two together if you're in the ISP market. URL if anyone interested: http://www.cisco.com/warp/customer/10/wwtraining/certprog/c_and_s/ Gaz Andrew Whelchel wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hey, does anyone know anything about the new CCIP cert. Is the BCSI exam anything like the BSCN? Just wondering if anyone had heard anything. I'm taking the BSCN in about a month, and the material looks similar enough where I could take the the BSCI the next day. Then again, if this is the case, why have a separate exam. Why not just use the BSCN as a requirement? I guess these are questions only Cisco can answer. -Andrew Whelchel CCNA, CCDA, HPUX HPCP MCSE Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=8102t=7976 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: generally,in a vlan,how many workstaions are in is better? [7:7672]
Not meant to be sarcastic, but how many hosts in any network, VLAN or otherwise? Answer is it depends ;- I have a question for you folks who use VLAN's extensively. Do you establish membership by geography ( floors, parts of floors, buildings, etc ) or by function ( accounting, sales, engineering? ) I ask because most of the orgs that I interact with that use VLANs tend to do it by geography. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Leo Shen Sent: Thursday, June 07, 2001 7:38 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:generally,in a vlan,how many workstaions are in is better? [7:7660] 50?100?200? Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7672t=7672 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Layer3 switch vs Router [7:7406]
My point entirely. In the old world, a device that concerned itself with the IP address was a router, and a device that dealt with the MAC address ( yes I know this is not exactly true, in that routers do have to deal with MAC's.) A router's job is path determination and packet forwarding based on that determination. In the old world, a switch is really a multiport bridge. In the new world, speed is the driving factor, and the designers use every trick they can to increase speed. These innovations are not limited to layer two or layer three. In fact, it is good to recall that in reality there is no such thing as layer two or layer three. Devices operate on a bitstream, use offsets to determine where the information is that they need to proceed, use buffers and caches and specialized architecture to accomplish what they need to accomplish, and faster than ever. I'm willing to bet, though, that when you got into the discussion at the EE level ( something I am totally not qualified to do ) that you would find where the real distinction are, if there are any. I know I am not the only one who has attempted to wade through the white papers and walk away thinking I've just bought a bridge ( so to speak ) Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Michael L. Williams Sent: Thursday, June 07, 2001 4:54 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: Layer3 switch vs Router [7:7406] I think on any of those units, to reach it's maximum throughput you have to enable and configure multilayer switching. If you look at the name on the Cisco 12000 you'll see it's called a GSR = Gigabit Switch-Router. At this point, even Cisco realizes that it's incorrect to call it simply a router because anymore the combinations of switches and routers have been combined. The real funny thing is, out of all of the units you listed, Cisco only calls one of them a (plain) router, the 7600. The others are refered to as either a switch-router or a multilayer switch. So, you'll notice the only router listed here can do 30 million PPS, while the two high end switches can do almost 6 times (170 mPPS) and then over 12 times (over an order of magnitude more) than the actual router... so thank you for proving my point. =) Having said all that, my whole point is multilayer switching integrates the best of routing and switching to provide better performance.. and I think my point has been proven. I wish I could log into CCO =( Mike W. Chuck Larrieu wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... So layer three switches are faster, 'eh? By orders of magnitude, 'eh? This calls for a bit of research on CCO. Hhhmmm Catalyst 8500 = 24 million PPS http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/pcat/ca8500c.htm#CJAEJHDF Catalyst 6509 = 170 million PPS http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/pcat/ca6000.htm Cisco 12000 = 375 million PPS http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/pcat/12000.htm Cisco 7600 - 30 million PPS http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/pcat/7600.htm so it would appear, based on Cisco's own product literature, that high end router versus high end switch, the edge most definitely goes to the product Cisco calls a router. and numbers are all over the place, to judge from the example I have looked at. Look, my point remains that any trickery, hardware or otherwise, can be applied to routers as well as switches. It most definitely is NOT enough to say that there is a difference and it is because of the hardware construction of a switch versus that of a router Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Michael L. Williams Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 8:52 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Layer3 switch vs Router [7:7406] Sergei Gearasimtchouk wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... I am sorry, should have said some thing meaningful. :( hypothetically speaking, if the ACLs are in place, wire speed is gone. The concept route one switch many is no longer holds its value. That's what I thought you meant. I'm glad you clarified your position. But it's incorrect. Multilayer switching ( therefore wire speed routing) are out the door only when you have an ACL applied to the MLS-RP interface as an incoming ACL. That's it. This is where flow masks come into play. There are 4 situations that need to be considered when using ACLs and Multilayer switching: 1) Where there is an incoming ACL on the MLS-RP interface, Multilayer switching is out the window because every incoming packet must be examined by the router. 2) If there is no access list, you can use a Destination IP flow mask, the simplest of the flow masks, where only the destination IP address is looked for in the MLS cache. 3) When there is a outgoing standard IP ACL applied to the MLS-RP interface, a Source-Des
RE: Catalyst 5000 series from where? [7:7533]
For some reason the name Grand Junction comes up. I don't know, but I was eavesdropping on a conversation yesterday, and I heard someone say that Grand Junction was by far Cisco's most successful acquisition. 2+2=Catalyst :- -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Circusnuts Sent: Thursday, June 07, 2001 8:45 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: Catalyst 5000 series from where? [7:7533] I thought it was Catalyst. - Original Message - From: Neil Schneider To: Sent: Thursday, June 07, 2001 11:14 AM Subject: Catalyst 5000 series from where? [7:7533] What was the name of the Company that cisco bought for the 5000 series switches? Neil Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7554t=7533 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
IP Telephony information from Cisco [7:7556]
Just got this on the TAC newsletter. Requires a CCO login. The Cisco IP Telephony Readiness Assessment can be found at: http://www.cisco.com/tac/iptelready (available to registered users) ( not bad - e-mail function was broken when I tried it the other day ) The Cisco IP Telephony Solution Guide can be found at: http://www.cisco.com/tac/iptelsolguide (available to registered and non-registered users) ( one big nasty file - 360 or so pages of PDF. Foolish me - downloaded over my company ISDN. Wish I had DSL for work! ) Chuck One IOS to forward them all. One IOS to find them. One IOS to summarize them all And in the routing table bind them. -JRR Chambers- Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7556t=7556 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: CCIE written. .books? [7:7584]
To throw in a couple of cents on this topic, my recollection is that the CCIE written was in many ways similar to the CID exam, but with the added emphasis on token ring and RIF's. My own recommendation would be to use your CID materials for the desktop stuff, download the white papers found on Cccert and groupstudy, and thoroughly review how data moves through a network. Certification zone is a worthwhile investment. Excellent white papers ( disclosure - I have been compensated by cert zone for certain work done ) even though it is filled with errors, the exam cram book by Thomas and associates contains the rest of what you need. I was surprised to find that the CCIE written was far easier than I expected. Having gone through the CCNx tracks alleviated much of the difficulty of the exam. Fair warning - the Lab will get you. Having passed the written in no way qualifies you or prepares you for the actual Lab exam. I call the written base camp and the Lab Everest the analogy is about right. You are two thirds there in height, but that last third is 10 times harder than the first 2/3's, and your working without oxygen most of the way. Best wishes Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Circusnuts Sent: Thursday, June 07, 2001 12:01 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: CCIE written. .books? [7:7584] I too realized that I needed one central book. Despite all the controversy, I chose the All In One CCIE (SECOND EDITION). With a quick glance, while standing in Borders, I thought the Sybex wasn't as technical. I must admit to having purchased another 10 or so books since then... Phil - Original Message - From: anthony moore To: Sent: Thursday, June 07, 2001 2:32 PM Subject: CCIE written. .books? [7:7584] I have seen the list of books that Cisco recommends. By the time I get done reading these books the exam will have already changed and it seems as though I will need to read an additional 9 books. Can anyone recommend 1 good book that covers all the detail? I don't care how long it is. Am I being realistic? How is the Cybex CCIE book? Thanks Anthony Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7594t=7584 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Weird Scenario question [7:7590]
On a 7200 router, the only IMA available is the 8 port variety PA-A3-8T1IMA, if memory serves. -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of tcb Sent: Thursday, June 07, 2001 1:31 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: Weird Scenario question [7:7590] Yes, Sorry Bob, 4 port IMA card is the plan. Should have laid out that the routers were 7200 Series. I have checked out the information. Maybe I am missing something. But it still looks like I have the same result just different architecture. Please tell me if I am missing something here. Advice welcome. Tim - Original Message - From: Bob S Date: Thursday, June 7, 2001 4:02 pm Subject: Re: Weird Scenario question [7:7590] You can't just do an IMA on any T1 controllers, you'll need IMA cards. check links out: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/pcat/enatt1a1.htm The following benefits are offered by the ATM T1/E1 IMA features for the Cisco 2600 and 3600 series routers: High-bandwidth performance at a lower cost than T3 and E3 Internetworking design flexibility and scalability for LAN-to-WAN solutions Migration path to high bandwidth without the need to change transport facilities Efficient prioritization provided by the ATM architecture Check this link too: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios120/120newft /120t/120t From: tcb Reply-To: tcb To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Weird Scenario question [7:7590] Date: Thu, 7 Jun 2001 15:06:00 -0400 * * Router1 * RTR * * * | | | | | | | | | | | | T-1 Lines --- | | | | | | | | | | | | / / / \ \ \ / / /\ \ \ **** **** Router2 * RTR** RTR* Router3 **** **** Ok I currently have 2 routers going to core router up above. Both routers are running CEF. And both are configured to run Load BalancingPer Packet. So packets are being distributed evenly across 3 T-1s on each side. Ok so now I am doing this at Layer 2. Customer currently had an idea put in their head about IMA (Inverse Multiplexing). Well withIMA I will be taking 3 T-1s and making them look like one giant pipe, but it will fragment/Segment/chopup whatever you want to call it the traffic and ship the data across all 3 physical pipes in a round- robinfashion. This is done at the SAR level, if I am not mistaken. Layer 2 again, Right? What is the benefit to traffic? Latency/Delay improvement? Still have inherent delays of T-1s. Anyone got any feedback or ideas? Am I in left field. Tim A servant of my misfortune [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7638t=7590 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: RIPv1: why /32 route is distributed [7:7010]
RIP v1 can optionally support host routes ( /32 ) according to the RFC (ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1058.txt ) this is an optional implementation. Cisco has chosen to support host routes, if my own experiments are accurate. You might want to try a couple of scenarios to verify. One more thing to keep in mind. By default, Cisco routers listen for RIPv2 as well as RIPv1. A Cisco router will by default send only version 1. Therefore it is possible for variable length masks to appear in the routing table of a RIPv1 router. They will not be advertised back out. HTH Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Jerry Seven Sent: Sunday, June 03, 2001 3:27 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RIPv1: why /32 route is distributed [7:7010] Hi Group, In this simple environment: 172.10.12.0/25 R1R2 I run RIPv1 between R1 and R2, the network in between is 172.10.12.0/25, on R1 I have loopback0 which is 172.10.0.1/32 and another network 172.10.11.0/28 directly connected, I saw R1 distributes route 172.10.0.1/32 to R2, but not 172.10.11.0/28. I understand that 172.10.11.0/28 should not be distributed, but why /32 route is distributed, on R2 I saw route 172.10.0.1/32, how does R2 correctly know the mask is 32 bits, for I run RIPv1, packet doesn't carry mask. I also tried redistribute other /32 routes from OSPF to R1, R1 also redistribute them to R2, why /32 routes are always redistributed out by RIP. The versions are all 12.0. Thanks, Jerry Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7322t=7010 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Off Topic: FW: Internet Traffic Discovery? [7:7349]
Saw this one on NANOG this morning. Thought it was interesting. Obviously, the person who posted it considered it as stating the obvious. ;- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Craig A. Haney Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 7:55 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Internet Traffic Discovery? didn't we all already know this? http://financial.washingtonpost.com/industry_list.asp?mode=newsdoc_id=BW200 10606BW2321ticker=LU -craig Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7349t=7349 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Necessary Commands Repertoire [7:7352]
Got to thinking about this after seeing some of the recent posts on the CCIE list asking how to do or show various things. What are the necessary informational commands one SHOULD know, not just for the Lab, but for operations in general? For example ( short list ) Show protocol Show IP protocol Show IPX protocol ( if relevant ) Show ip ospf int Show ip [protocol] nei Show [protocol] int brief Debug ip routing Debug ip packet Debug frame packet Ping Extended ping Show access-list Sh ip bgp summary If I thought about it, I could come up with a lot more. Worth compiling a list? The top 50 useful commands? Chuck One IOS to forward them all. One IOS to find them. One IOS to summarize them all And in the routing table bind them. -JRR Chambers- Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7352t=7352 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: CEF/dCEF [7:7330]
Idle curiousity - are you getting true packet by packet load sharing? Or conversation by conversation? i.e. is your traffic balance 50-50 ( for two lines )? Or some other figure, because traffic for particular destinations is dent out particular links due to the route caching? Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Mike Fountain Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 8:05 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: CEF/dCEF [7:7330] We use CEF on some of our 2600s so that we can do Packet-by-Packet loadbalancing without having to process-switch every packet and burn up the CPU - Original Message - From: West, Karl To: Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 9:38 AM Subject: CEF/dCEF [7:7330] To all: I understand the features that CEF/dCEF provide for high end VIP based routers. I know the 3600's and 2100's has CEF options in their IOS, what would running CEF on these platforms benefit me? Karl Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7350t=7330 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: low-end router that does inter-VLAN routing [7:7256]
Once again, I offer the following. Need a CCO login to use it, but it is very helpful in discussions like this. http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/FeatureNav/FN.pl According to the IOS feature navigator, ISL VLAN routing is now available on the 17xx platform with IOS 12.2.1 releases. I came up with 22 feature sets for the 17xx series. It's a moving target. :- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Circusnuts Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 6:43 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: low-end router that does inter-VLAN routing [7:7256] Tim- I know you know this stuff, but what has changed ??? The CCO says these routers will not do ISL or 1Q, up to IOS version 12.0T. From my CCO search yesterday: CSCdm72054 IEEE 802.1Q (VLAN) and ISL are not supported on the Cisco 1720 or Cisco 1750 due to a hardware limitation in the 860T processor. Cisco 1750 Single Subnet Configuration The Cisco 1750 series router does not support either ISL or 802.1Q Ethernet trunking. Below is an example of a single subnet 1750 configuration. I did hear a rumor that the CSC-2E's now supports ISL :o) Phil - Original Message - From: Tim Medley To: Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 12:12 AM Subject: RE: low-end router that does inter-VLAN routing [7:7256] Priscillia, Check out the new 1751 router. It;s a 1750 that will handle ISL/dot1q as well as some other bells and whistles. We have 5 of these on order are supposed to ship June 15th. Otherwise, a 2620 would be my second cheapest choice. tm Tim Medley - CCNA, CCDA Network Architect VoIP Group iReadyWorld -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, June 05, 2001 7:31 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: low-end router that does inter-VLAN routing [7:7256] Hi There is a rumor that the 1750 with the right IOS version/feature-set will do both ISL and 1Q... These are the least expensive. Personally I would call pre-sales and ask if something in the 1700 series would work. If not... the least expensive is the 2620 with IP plus IOS (rumored to be support in 12.2 IP only). HTH -- John Hardman CCNP MCSE Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... I'm studying inter-VLAN routing for a project. I have a few $$s to spend. What's a good low-end (low-cost) router that would do ISL? How about 802.1Q? Any thoughts? Thanks! Priscilla Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7386t=7256 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: low-end router that does inter-VLAN routing [7:7256]
As a follow up, and minor correction - ISL is supported on the 17xx platform, but if you want inter-vlan routing using 802.1Q, then at this point in time one must still move up to the 26xx platform. I suppose I should feel Cisco's pain, having to support as many feature sets, versions and hardware devices as it does. Still Chuck -Original Message- From: Chuck Larrieu [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 7:05 AM To: Circusnuts; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: low-end router that does inter-VLAN routing [7:7256] Once again, I offer the following. Need a CCO login to use it, but it is very helpful in discussions like this. http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/FeatureNav/FN.pl According to the IOS feature navigator, ISL VLAN routing is now available on the 17xx platform with IOS 12.2.1 releases. I came up with 22 feature sets for the 17xx series. It's a moving target. :- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Circusnuts Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 6:43 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: low-end router that does inter-VLAN routing [7:7256] Tim- I know you know this stuff, but what has changed ??? The CCO says these routers will not do ISL or 1Q, up to IOS version 12.0T. From my CCO search yesterday: CSCdm72054 IEEE 802.1Q (VLAN) and ISL are not supported on the Cisco 1720 or Cisco 1750 due to a hardware limitation in the 860T processor. Cisco 1750 Single Subnet Configuration The Cisco 1750 series router does not support either ISL or 802.1Q Ethernet trunking. Below is an example of a single subnet 1750 configuration. I did hear a rumor that the CSC-2E's now supports ISL :o) Phil - Original Message - From: Tim Medley To: Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 12:12 AM Subject: RE: low-end router that does inter-VLAN routing [7:7256] Priscillia, Check out the new 1751 router. It;s a 1750 that will handle ISL/dot1q as well as some other bells and whistles. We have 5 of these on order are supposed to ship June 15th. Otherwise, a 2620 would be my second cheapest choice. tm Tim Medley - CCNA, CCDA Network Architect VoIP Group iReadyWorld -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, June 05, 2001 7:31 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: low-end router that does inter-VLAN routing [7:7256] Hi There is a rumor that the 1750 with the right IOS version/feature-set will do both ISL and 1Q... These are the least expensive. Personally I would call pre-sales and ask if something in the 1700 series would work. If not... the least expensive is the 2620 with IP plus IOS (rumored to be support in 12.2 IP only). HTH -- John Hardman CCNP MCSE Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... I'm studying inter-VLAN routing for a project. I have a few $$s to spend. What's a good low-end (low-cost) router that would do ISL? How about 802.1Q? Any thoughts? Thanks! Priscilla Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7408t=7256 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Layer3 switch vs Router [7:7406]
Which means...? -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Sam Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 1:28 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: Layer3 switch vs Router [7:7406] One differance is that a layer 3 switch does wire-speed switching Denton, Jason wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Can anyone tell me what the REAL difference is between a layer3 switch and a router? Jason Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7426t=7406 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Layer3 switch vs Router [7:7406]
I'm having trouble deciding - is this a smart ass remark? That link certainly makes it seem so. :- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Munoz, Michael Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 1:17 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: Layer3 switch vs Router [7:7406] This is actually covered in under the switching portion of the CCNP.. Here is a link from Cisco for you to reference: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/so/neso/lnso/cpso/l3c85_wp.htm Thanks, Mike Munoz -Original Message- From: Denton, Jason [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 3:35 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Layer3 switch vs Router [7:7406] Can anyone tell me what the REAL difference is between a layer3 switch and a router? Jason Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7427t=7406 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Semantics/Definitionism - BGP is what type of protocol? [7:7454]
I am basing my reply upon continuous study of Howard's posts. BGP is properly categorized as a path vector protocol. It is not limited in terms of hop counts in the sense that RIP, RIPv2, or IGRP are limited, nor is it concerned with bandwidth and cost, as OSPF and EIGRP. BGP is concerned with 1) establishing the neighbor relationship and 2) enforcing ( too strong a word ) peering policy. Also, every bit as important, BGP is concerned with the reliable advertising of reliable routes. There are technically some issues with distance to neighbors, but I have done BGP across the internet and set up peering between my lab to other labs 15-20 internet hops away. BGP considers everything in terms of AS PATH, not router hops or link metrics. HTH Chuck ( did I do good, Howard? :- ) -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Jack Nalbandian Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 4:16 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Semantics/Definitionism - BGP is what type of protocol? [7:7448] Dear friends, I have been reading the Syngress and Cisco Press books, the RFCs related to BGP, as well as the CCO docs, but keep getting a conflicting set of answers on the following question: To what category of routing protocols does BGP belong? A. Distance vector? (CCO) B. Advanced Distance Vector? (Sybex/Lammle/Cisco Press) C. Path Vector? (Syngress/Osborne) Regards, Jack Nalbandian, CCNA, MCSE Network Engineer DATAFLEX - U.S. Operations 310.445.1052 x275 [EMAIL PROTECTED] www.telephonyexperts.com The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from any computer. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7454t=7454 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: How many CCIE's are there? [7:7456]
Amazing. three clicks and a couple of scroll downs and voila! http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/625/ccie/ccie_program/ccie_present.html according to this link, as of April 30 there were... well, I'll let you discover for yourself. As for the most recent number issued, that changes on a daily basis. Last I saw was #7515 who announced today that he passed last Friday. Not all CCIE's make their announcements on the newsgroups I track. I do know that roughly 100-12 people per month are awarded their CCIE. I have information going back to August 1999 to support that. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of anthony moore Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 4:53 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:How many CCIE's are there? [7:7456] Does anyone know where to find out how many CCIE's threre and what number is the last CCIE issued? Thanks Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7460t=7456 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Layer3 switch vs Router [7:7406]
Very good, and thanks. But... to quote a sage, who made this point last time this topic came up, what exactly is the difference between a router that routes 100,000 packets per second, and a layer three switch that switches 100,000 packets per second? Cisco can talk about ASIC's versus processors all they want. Both are chips. High end routers also have ASIC's as well as other means to optimize traffic flow. Truth be told, layer 3 switch is a marketing concept, plain and simple. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Michael L. Williams Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 3:56 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: Layer3 switch vs Router [7:7406] For the record: Layer 3 switch = Multilayer switch (I say this because I like to use the term Multilayer switch rather than Layer 3 switch... dunno why... I guess because in the switch/routers, you actually use and configure Multilayer switching) In reply to some of the other posts on this topic: This is actually covered in under the switching portion of the CCNP.. Here is a link from Cisco for you to reference: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/so/neso/lnso/cpso/l3c85_wp.htm Layer 3 switching (Multilayer switching) *is* covered on the CCNP Switching exam and I don't know how one could pass it without an understanding of how it works. (although that link that was provided pointed to a page that didn't explain MLS very well at all) One differance is that a layer 3 switch does wire-speed switching AFAIK, *all* switches perform wire-speed switching, as long as the backplane isn't oversubscribed (even then what gets switched is done at wirespeed and other stuff is dropped). Can someone make sure I'm not fibbing or confused on this? Okay, two things - One - abduct a Cisco marketing rep, tie them to a chair, shine a bright, hot light in their face and ask *them* what the difference is. Two - while they're tied up, ask them what wire-speed is supposed to mean. Wire-speed simply means that the data is switched across the backplane to the destination port ASAP, as fast as the wires can carry the data thru the ASICs and to the destination port. I.E. the speed of light (minus a small fraction because the wires do actually have a non-zero resistance =) Someone may have a product based answer for you but literally a router is a layer 3 switch. Just think of all of the functionality that a switch offers you and add on the route switch module to sweeten the pot. A router either bridges or has separate subnets on each of its interfaces.(simplistic answer of course). This is very misleading. Although a router has a switching process within it, and that switching process can take on many forms, a router is NOT simply a Layer 3 switch. Although a router can bridge (including bridging VLANS using Integrated Routing and Bridging), even then it is not the equivalent to a switch because of the way it performs the process (in software on a CPU instead of with an ASIC). The router doesn't keep a CAM table like a switch, etc. and without something like a NetFlow Feature Card or MLS processor, a router can't bridge (switch) at wirespeed like a true Layer 2 switch.. Even on a switch/router with a NFFC or the like, without Multilayer switching enabled, it's like a router with a ton of ethernet (or whatever) interfaces. The packets are NOT routed and forwarded out at wirespeed like they are (after the first packet) when Multilayer switching is enabled and configured. I by no means am the expert on Multilayer switching, and I'm not trying to flame anyone for their answers. But there were alot of things being said that didn't answer the original poster's question (actually the one post by Bob Salazar was correct, but he didn't mention that you have to actually turn on the Multilayer switching fuctions on the hardware he listed) or that were misleading. I'm sure there are some things that I messed up or just don't have a full understanding of (like wire-speed hehe), so comments are welcome. Mike W. Denton, Jason wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Can anyone tell me what the REAL difference is between a layer3 switch and a router? Jason Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7465t=7406 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Layer3 switch vs Router [7:7406]
So layer three switches are faster, 'eh? By orders of magnitude, 'eh? This calls for a bit of research on CCO. Hhhmmm Catalyst 8500 = 24 million PPS http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/pcat/ca8500c.htm#CJAEJHDF Catalyst 6509 = 170 million PPS http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/pcat/ca6000.htm Cisco 12000 = 375 million PPS http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/pcat/12000.htm Cisco 7600 - 30 million PPS http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/pcat/7600.htm so it would appear, based on Cisco's own product literature, that high end router versus high end switch, the edge most definitely goes to the product Cisco calls a router. and numbers are all over the place, to judge from the example I have looked at. Look, my point remains that any trickery, hardware or otherwise, can be applied to routers as well as switches. It most definitely is NOT enough to say that there is a difference and it is because of the hardware construction of a switch versus that of a router Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Michael L. Williams Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 8:52 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: Layer3 switch vs Router [7:7406] Sergei Gearasimtchouk wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... I am sorry, should have said some thing meaningful. :( hypothetically speaking, if the ACLs are in place, wire speed is gone. The concept route one switch many is no longer holds its value. That's what I thought you meant. I'm glad you clarified your position. But it's incorrect. Multilayer switching ( therefore wire speed routing) are out the door only when you have an ACL applied to the MLS-RP interface as an incoming ACL. That's it. This is where flow masks come into play. There are 4 situations that need to be considered when using ACLs and Multilayer switching: 1) Where there is an incoming ACL on the MLS-RP interface, Multilayer switching is out the window because every incoming packet must be examined by the router. 2) If there is no access list, you can use a Destination IP flow mask, the simplest of the flow masks, where only the destination IP address is looked for in the MLS cache. 3) When there is a outgoing standard IP ACL applied to the MLS-RP interface, a Source-Destination IP flow mask needs to be used. This forces the MLS-SE to look for an entry with both the source and destination IP addresses in the MLS cache. Here's the reason why: If a packet has been sent from the MLS-SE to the MLS-RP, the packet gets routed, then the outgoing ACL is applied. If the packet makes it back to the MLS-SE, then the MLS-SE knows that the packet was allowed (not denied by the ACL) and it makes a MLS cache entry. Since a standard IP ACL uses source IP to permit/deny, the MLS-SE needs to look for the source IP as well as the destination IP in the MLS cache. Any subsequent packets from/to the same source/destination need not be compared to the ACL again as the criteria for the ACL on the original packet was satisfied. 4) When there is an outgoing extended IP ACL applied to the MLS-RP interface, an IP Flow mask needs to be used. An IP Flow masks instructs the MLS-SE to look for an entry that contains the source IP and port AND destination IP and port (basically Layers 3 AND 4). The MLS-SE must look for all of that information in the MLS cache because extended IP ACLs permit/deny using all of those criteria. Again, the same reasoning applies as far as the ACL goes, which is: if the first packet sent to the MLS-RP comes back to the MLS-SE, then the MLS-SE knows that the packet was allowed (not denied) by the ACL, and therefore it doesn't need to check the ACL for subsequent packet and Multilayer switching continues as normal. Most of the time an incoming ACL can be re-written as an outgoing ACL on other interfaces. Although it is usually recommended to use incoming ACLs over outgoing ACLs (so that traffic unwanted traffic doesn't get into the router's fabric just to be denied going out of another interface), in the case of Multilayer switching, the disadvantages caused by using outgoing ACLs are completely outweighed by the advantage of being able to use Multilayer switching. So, even with an ACL active, as long as it's an outgoing ACL on the MLS-RP interface, wire speed routing is still in tact. Anyhow, let routers do what they do best, and allow switches do their layer 2 stuff... Multilayer switching is an ingenious idea that allows a switch to take an incredible load off of the routers while not only providing the same performance, but providing better, faster performance. As another post mentioned, sure a router can do 100,000 packets/sec, but multilayer switches can handle an order of magnitude more traffic (in the millions of packets/sec) Mike W. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=7486t=7406
Re: Cisco moving to a one day lab? [7:6735]
with regards to the contents of the exam, I am reminded of the time I told my son that when I was his age I could name all the presidents of the IUnited States, to which he answered there were only 5 or six of them back then :- with regards to the value of the CCIE, whatever that may be, like it or not, there are tens of thousands of us wannabes in the queue. Assuming normal progress, that tells me that in 5 more years, there will be tens of thousands of CCIE's. Ain't nothing anyone can do about that. Louie, let me ask - if you were to walk into the lab tomorrow, do you think you could pass? if not, of what value is your CCIE? I have a sneaking suspoicion that most CCIE's, unless they passed the lab very recently, would not get through it again without some devoted study. kinda like passing the bar, or the CPA exam? Chuck tride hard to keep out of this one, but. Louie Belt wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... I agree there is no way to talk apples to apples - too many things have changed - but don't forget you no longer have to deal with LAT, X.25, CLNS, DEC, Banyan Vines, Appollo, Appletalk or ATM Lane. (Voice was already on the lab prior to these items being removed.) My concern is with the material that is not focused on teaching you networking (I have no problem with that), but on the material the simply teaches you how to pass the test (kind of like all of the Microsoft braindump material available - desinged only to help you pass the test). I see too much material as of late that is way too focused on passing the lab, not on learning networking. Louie -Original Message- From: Circusnuts [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Saturday, June 02, 2001 11:01 PM To: Louie Belt; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Cisco moving to a one day lab? [7:6735] Louie- I don't think we're talk'n Apple to Apples here... During the early CCIE exams, I was told candidates were able to use their own notes during the test (if Pamela Forsythe is out there, she could confirm this rumor) can you imagine how much easier the lab would have been with versions 9.0, 10.0 or even 11.0(22) IOS. I agree there's more information available, but after having sat through a 2 week CCIE lab prep class... I think the information just gets you in the ballpark. Things like bad time management poor interpretations, are big obstacles no book can fix. I believe the exam is as hard (if not harder) than it's ever been. Man- this cup of coffee I'm drink'n must not be decaff :o) Phil - Original Message - From: Louie Belt To: Sent: Saturday, June 02, 2001 9:16 PM Subject: RE: Cisco moving to a one day lab? [7:6735] When the CCIE cert first came about there were not 100+ books avilable to help you pass it. There were not a multitude of online labs, lab study guides, study groups, ... Since all of those items are now available, I feel the bar has been lowered. I'm for putting it back where it was. Additionally I'm studying for my second CCIE cert, I sincerely hope that it is much tougher than my first. I want to maintain the value of the cert. Louie -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Michael L. Williams Sent: Saturday, June 02, 2001 12:09 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Cisco moving to a one day lab? [7:6735] I agree with you. It's awful easy for someone who's already gotten their CCIE (which when they passed the lab probably could be quoted as saying something like that was the most difficult thing I've ever seen) to now say Sure.. make it as difficult as possible I don't know many CCIEs personally. Only a couple, and both of them said that given the time constraints of the lab (2 days), it is extremely difficult. So I don't think jamming it into 1 day just because Cisco is too cheap to spring for more testing centers to keep up with demand is a resonable solution. Isn't this why Cisco is contemplating making it 1 day? Not to raise the bar of the level of the exam, but simply because they're testing centers can't handle the demand. Mashing into 1 day, IMHO, would be a very poor decision. Agreeing with Brad, do all of the CCIEs that are out there have a problem with leaving the bar where it was when you passed it? It only seems fair. Mike W. Bradley J. Wilson wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... If I weren't up to the challenge, I wouldn't be on this newsgroup. Are you up to the challenge of leaving the bar at the same height that it was when *you* passed the test? I personally think the test is difficult enough as it is. Am I a wimp because of that? Do we need to dump some dirt on the top of Everest now that it's been conquered by someone else ahead of me? If Cisco wants to make the test tougher, they're well within their rights to do so.
RE: T-shirt WAS RE: Anyone going to Networkers? [7:6719]
You can't be having a cat get together without Pamela Forsythe's involvement. :- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Priscilla Oppenheimer Sent: Friday, June 01, 2001 2:01 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: T-shirt WAS RE: Anyone going to Networkers? [7:6719] That would be great! My cat Kingsford is famous. He has been mentioned in a few technical books, been on TV, and is on a few Web sites, including mine (of course). It's a really bad picture here: http://www.priscilla.com/kingsford.html He even got e-mail once! Some spammer misinterpreted a host-name example on a Web page that used Kingsford. We'll have to put Howard's cat Clifford in the picture too! Clifford is Howard's feline editorial assistant, acknowledged in Howard's latest book along with human assistants. Priscilla At 02:16 PM 6/1/01, Hornbeck, Timothy wrote: I think we should name the cat Kingsford, in honor of Priscilla. I feel like a stalker now. Don't worry Priscilla, I remember you had your cat's picture on your website. I like the shirt idea. How true is that design? - Tim -Original Message- From: Daniel Cotts [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Friday, June 01, 2001 12:30 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: T-shirt WAS RE: Anyone going to Networkers? [7:6719] A distinct T-shirt would be one way to identify one another. Let's reopen the Groupstudy T-shirt thread. Someone suggested that we create a T-shirt design and then make it available to members. There was some activity - but no conclusion. Let me submit a word picture of a suggested design: Room in home. Through window moon can be seen - it's late at night. Calendar on wall has two dates circled in red - labeled LAB. Frantic but exhausted candidate is typing on keyboard. Rack of routers behind. AGS+ on floor with snoozing cat atop. Scattered books with first names of known authors on covers. Spouse in nightgown standing at bedroom door - arms folded - looking impatient. There should be versions for male and female GroupStudy members. Any thoughts? Yes, the cat's name is Clifford. -Original Message- From: Jon [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Friday, June 01, 2001 1:12 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Anyone going to Networkers? [7:6719] Networkers L.A. is in a few short weeks. I'll be there, probably wishing everyone would turn the air conditioning up. Is anyone else from the list attending? Enough interest to put together a gathering on evening? Perhaps Sunday, before we get too caught up in the week's events -- assuming most folks are arriving early to attend a power session. Any ideas on how to decorate our nametags to show we're part of the elite GroupStudy following? (Following what, I know not, but I suspect it's a trail of Howard's bad jokes). -jon- __ Do You Yahoo!? Get personalized email addresses from Yahoo! Mail - only $35 a year! http://personal.mail.yahoo.com/ Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6888t=6719 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: VERY strange 2621 behavior [7:6636]
Might want to take a look at this link. courtesy of Adam Quiggle, who used to spend a lot of time here. http://home.nc.rr.com/quiggle/ConfigReg.xls CCIE candidates, anyway, should be familiar with the config register values. Manipulating them can provide one part of a router security program. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of John Neiberger Sent: Friday, June 01, 2001 7:23 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: VERY strange 2621 behavior [7:6636] I discovered that somehow the configuration register was changed to 0x3922! What the heck does that do?? I was watching the person who initially booted the router and he did absolutely nothing that would alter the configuration register; it just seems to have done it during a reload because we didn't notice this odd behavior until we did a warm reboot. Very bizarre. But, since I changed the config register back to 0x2102 it seems to be working normally. I can think of nothing that would cause an unexpected configuration register change like that. Oh well, another weird issue in the books. I think I'll be upgrading the IOS on that pretty quickly! John Daniel Cotts 5/31/01 12:36:51 PM Time to change your terminal emulation software to different speeds until you find the correct one. I have heard that with Hyperterminal that you need to completely close down the application for each speed change. Others may comment from experience. BTW Do you have a SmartNet service contract on that box? -Original Message- From: John Neiberger [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, May 31, 2001 12:41 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: VERY strange 2621 behavior [7:6636] This is exceptionally strange We just received a used 2621 running 12.0(7)T. Initially it booted just fine and we got a prompt. While in priveleged mode we did a show run and intertwined with the output was a portion of a message. The readable portion said something about environment write to NVRAM failed. We saw this three or four times. So, after poking around a bit we did a reload. During the reload we saw the error again. Toward the end of the reload we received a warning message that said something like this: This action will disable password recovery. Be sure that you have alternatives to password recovery before continuing. Continue with operation [yes/no]? I have absolutely no idea what that means, I have never seen anything like it before. We answered no, of course. At this point the router locked up and it appears that the console baud rate has changed but so far we're unable to figure out what it changed to. I've rebooted the router several times to no avail. Nothing but gibberish on my terminal screen. Any thoughts? I've searched CCO and have yet to see anything about this behavior yet. Thanks, John Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6889t=6636 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
OFF TOPIC: Californai Wants You! [7:6892]
January 2000 Love my new job here in Silicon Valley. My salary is 30% higher! I have stock options! The temperature outside is 65F in winter! California is the best place on earth!!! Sure glad I moved out here. February Still looking for an apartment. Freeways everywhere to take you places. Love California! March Found a 1-bedroom apartment for $1900/mo. California is a bit more expensive than I thought. April Gas hit $2.29/gal. Somebody stole the gas from my car. That sucks May A small earthquake! And this is what everyone was so worried about? Almost didn't feel it. June A forest fire and a mud slide near LA. Who cares, that is far away from me! July A big earthquake... Spent 4 hours in my bathtub. Boy, that was scary. Glad we didn't have no stinking earthquakes where I grew up. August Drought! They turn on the water once a day. This sucks big time! Somebody stole the water from my car's radiator. Why did I come to California? September Decided to buy a house. Found a 2-bedroom fixer-upper for $800K. Borrowed against my stock options for down payment. Freeway traffic is worse. Today it took nearly two hours to get to and from work...each way. October My startup fired 90% of the work force, including me. The stock lost 98% of its value. My options are underwater. November Had to sell my house. Couldn't make the payments. Found a studio apartment for $2300/mo. The traffic is unbearable December Problems with electricity. They turn the electricity off several times a day. It's called rolling blackouts. Somebody stole my car battery...what do I do now? January 2001 I'm typing this, stuck in an elevator, in complete darkness. The battery of my laptop is dying. Silicon Valley is no more. Angry hordes of former dot-commers are looting in the dark. It was fun while it lasted. I'm coming back home tomorrow. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6892t=6892 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
TCP Sliding Windows question [7:6899]
I am reading Doug Comer's excellent book Internetworking with TCP/IP vol 1. Highly recommended, and I wish I had followed the good advice of several other people on this list, and read the book a year ago. I have a question on sliding windows as Comer describes it: The TCP sliding window mechanism operates at the octet level, not at the segment or packet level Comer goes on to describe the operation of the mechanism, and indicates that acknowledgements occur octet for octet. This strikes me as highly inefficient, and something that would render TCP unusable in networks of any size. Because acknowledgements are based on sequence numbers, there would have to be a TCP header for every octet. Not good at all. I am no doubt missing something fundamental here. Perhaps TCP stack implementations are written in such a way that the octets being sent and acknowledge via the sliding window mechanism are really segments / packets? I.e. hundreds of octets at a time? Can someone enlighten me? Chuck One IOS to forward them all. One IOS to find them. One IOS to summarize them all And in the routing table bind them. -JRR Chambers- Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6899t=6899 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: TCP Sliding Windows question [7:6899]
Thanks, PO. I should add that after I posted, I continued my reading, and a couple of pages later, Comer goes into a detailed explanation about how this works. Let me try to explain in my own words, and let's see if I get it. Starting with me as a user. I want to download a Windows NT service pack - mucho megabytes. Before the file transfer actually begins, the TCP deamons on my PC and the Microsoft server agree on a window size. I'm going to use round numbers to male the math easier. We agree that the window size is 64K bytes - the server will send me 64K bytes before it expects an ack from me. Let's further say for argument's sake that the MTU throughout the network path is 1000 bytes. I'm also going to skip calculations involving headers and stuff because I want to keep this simple. But I do understand that TCP and IP header sizes are accounted for by the sending TCP deamon. OK, the window size is 64K bytes, and the packet size is going to be 1000 bytes. Therefore TCP can send 64 packets ( segments ) before expecting an ack. All right - file transfer begins. My machine receives the first packet. It sends an ack that tells the sender that of that 64K byte window, I have received bytes 1 through 1000. Now, suppose some packets arrive out of sequence. Let's say I receive packet 20 before I receive packet 19 ( of the 64 packets accounted for in the TCP window my ack tells the sender that I have received bytes20,001 through 21,000. If I never ack packet 19, ( or rather, the bytes contained within that stream ) then only packet 19 is retransmitted by the sender. The fact that a number of packets ( number of bytes ) can be sent before requiring acknowledgement makes the whole process a lot more efficient. That's where I got confused. For whatever reason I had come to believe that TCP acknowledged based on packets. I believe I understand this now. TCP operates on packets ( segments is the more correct term ) and acknowledges that it has received so many bytes out of the byte count indicated by the window size. Amazing how it makes sense when you 1) read the material and 2) apply a bit of thought. Thanks again Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Priscilla Oppenheimer Sent: Saturday, June 02, 2001 12:37 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: TCP Sliding Windows question [7:6899] TCP sequences bytes. A lot of people assume that TCP sequences packets or segments, but that's not true. The sequence number in a TCP header is the sequence number of the first byte in the payload. It's not a segment number. The ACK is the number of the next byte of payload expected. It's not a segment number. The sliding window keeps track of how many bytes have been sent and acknowledged. The 3-way handshake kind of breaks this rule, which is probably why people get confused. They never go past the 3-way handshake. With the 3-way handshake, there are no payload bytes. The recipient's ACK number is nonetheless one more than the other side's SEQ number. Follow the sequence number and ACKs in the following trace, after you get past the 3-way handshake in packets 1-3: 1 MyPCServer TCP HTTPS= 2821020, L=0, A= 0 2 Server MyPCTCP HTTPS=2134278484, L=0, A= 2821021 3 MyPCServer TCP HTTPS= 2821021, L=0, A=2134278485 4 MyPCServer TCP HTTPS= 2821021, L= 384, A=2134278485 5 Server MyPCTCP HTTPS=2134278485, L=0, A= 2821405 6 Server MyPCTCP HTTPS=2134278485, L= 156, A= 2821405 7 MyPCServer TCP HTTPS= 2821405, L=0, A=2134278641 8 MyPCServer TCP HTTPS= 2821405, L= 304, A=2134278641 9 Server MyPCTCP HTTPS=2134278641, L=0, A= 2821709 10 Server MyPCTCP HTTPS=2134278641, L= 156, A= 2821709 11 MyPCServer TCP HTTPS= 2821709, L=0, A=2134278797 Priscilla At 02:10 PM 6/2/01, Chuck Larrieu wrote: I am reading Doug Comer's excellent book Internetworking with TCP/IP vol 1. Highly recommended, and I wish I had followed the good advice of several other people on this list, and read the book a year ago. I have a question on sliding windows as Comer describes it: The TCP sliding window mechanism operates at the octet level, not at the segment or packet level Comer goes on to describe the operation of the mechanism, and indicates that acknowledgements occur octet for octet. This strikes me as highly inefficient, and something that would render TCP unusable in networks of any size. Because acknowledgements are based on sequence numbers, there would have to be a TCP header for every octet. Not good at all. I am no doubt missing something fundamental here. Perhaps TCP stack implementations are written in such a way that the octets being sent and acknowledge via the sliding window mechanism are really
RE: IPX/SPX window? (was TCP Sliding Windows question) [7:6925]
If memory serves ( always a question in my case ) the facility was called Pburst, ( maybe pburst.nlm? ) and was one of those things that got blamed for a lot of problems on Novell servers. Almost the first words out of any NetWare engineer's mouth were have you disabled packet burst? -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of ElephantChild Sent: Saturday, June 02, 2001 6:47 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: IPX/SPX window? (was TCP Sliding Windows question) [7:6925] On Sat, 2 Jun 2001, andyh wrote: sort of continuing, although on an IPX track was reading Radia Perlman's book the other day, and she mentions that SPX has a window size of 1. Now, I seem to remember from my DOS/Win3.11 days that there was some kind of SPX burst facility available (with addition TSR drivers). Wasn't really au-fait with networking back int those days, but would I be right in assuming that this adds some kind of sliding window functionality to SPX? The burst facility you're thinking of is probably the one used by NCP, which is Novell's notion of a client-to-server application-level protocol, and is to SPX what the original NFS was to TCP (ie, a distant relative). SPX-with-a-real-window was (IIRC) what SPX2 would have been had it not been stillborn. All of the above is from dim memories, and any relation to reality may or may not be a coincidence. -- Someone approached me and asked me to teach a javascript course. I was about to decline, saying that my complete ignorance of the subject made me unsuitable, then I thought again, that maybe it doesn't, as driving people away from it is a desirable outcome. --Me Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6928t=6925 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Weird DHCP/VLAN solution suggestions wanted!! [7:6579]
A comment or two within: -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Jeroen Timmer Sent: Thursday, May 31, 2001 2:03 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: Weird DHCP/VLAN solution suggestions wanted!! [7:6579] We have a configuration at our company that has the same configuration as you just described. But somewhere along the line .. This doesn't seem to work that well. We got about 4 vlans, all vlan interfaces have an ip helper address to our DHCP server. Problem is that 8 out of 10 times, a DHCP client doesn't get an ip address. We used an Windows NT server as DHCP but also Nortel's NetID. Both systems give the same problems. Some times a user moves from one vlan to the other but gets an ip address from the old vlan he was in before he did a DHCP request for his new VLAN. CL: unfortunately, windoze does not release ip addresses upon shutdown. Windows machines tend to retain the ip address acquired as long as the lease time has not expired. And sometimes even longer. I've run into problems with mobile users, who upon returning to the office find themselves using and ip address that has been reassigned. This is a windows problem, a feature if you will. We have been trying to find the solution but didn't succeed sofar, maybe somebody had this before and is willing to share it with me. We use a Cisco cat 6500 to handle to forwarding to the DHCP server and the VLAN routing, as access switches we have Cisco cat 3500. CL: I ask because I do not know: does the router function of the 65xx actually behave the way it is supposed to? Thnx in advance, JT -Original Message- From: Pawel Sikora [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: donderdag 31 mei 2001 10:49 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Weird DHCP/VLAN solution suggestions wanted!! [7:6579] - Original Message - From: Sam Deckert The problem is the client wants to use DHCP, so that people in the offices can simply plug in and away they go. But how would you go about implementing a DHCP server in this situation?? In order to allocate an address from the appropriate range, the DHCP server needs to be aware of the VLAN that the client DHCP request came from. I have not been able to find a DHCP server that has this capability whatsoever. I am sure this has been done before - does anyone know how or have any suggestions?? At the edge of each VLAN, an instance of router subinterface is obviously needed. You can configure at each subinterface ip helper address pointing to a real dhcp server located anywhere. Router then forwards any dhcp requests broadcasted by stations in vlans with apopriate subnet info, that dhcp server can use a defined scope for each vlan. Server than answers with lease data to the requestor via directed broadcast. (im not sure if such way) For example NT dhcp server service works flawlessy with such topology, with many different scopes. Pawel/ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6610t=6579 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Redundancy design question [7:6646]
Asked because I don't know: how do you plan on making the switches redundant? How are your servers, for example homed on the switches? Is it real redundancy if closet switches are dual homed to core switches? Is your internet connection, your firewall, etc dual homed as well? Chuck The world is a single point of failure :- -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Jon Sent: Thursday, May 31, 2001 12:09 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Redundancy design question [7:6646] I've been reading about designing physical redundancy into networks, by having hot standby devices and using HSRP between them. As an example, if a site has a single router and a single core switch, these are points of risk. By adding a second core switch and a second router, any hardware failure should be overcome by the standby device taking over. If all the servers and wiring closet switches are multi-homed to both core switches, users shouldn't notice that a fault has occured. (I assume that the loss of a wiring closet switch is acceptable -- perhaps local spares are sufficient). However, if I only have one WAN circuit coming into the facility, it can only be connected to one router at a time, right? So, if the active router fails, how does the WAN connectivity fail over, short of an operator moving the cable to the second router? I'm not trying to address WAN circuit redundancy or multi-homing, that's a different worm-can to open. Is there some way to have both routers connected to the same WAN circuit? Something along the lines of a WYE-cable that connects both routers to the demarc connection? Or is this something that the circuit provider would address with their equipement (for a fee, I'm sure)? If this has been hashed over in the past, I couldn't find it in the archives. So, if we've covered this before, could someone share the key search words to locate the discussion? -jon- __ Do You Yahoo!? Get personalized email addresses from Yahoo! Mail - only $35 a year! http://personal.mail.yahoo.com/ Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6654t=6646 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: can we ping via MAC address? [7:6387]
If you enable IPX routing, and have IPX network numbers on your various router interfaces, or have IPX protocol stacks on your PC's then yes you can ping mac addresses from a Cisco router. recall that in the world of IPX the mac is the host portion of an IPX address. I won't say that it's fun or easy. Particularly in a production network, no matter how small. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Dyson Kuben Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2001 3:45 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: can we ping via MAC address? [7:6387] You won't be able to ping a MAC-Address, but if you only want to find an IP associated with the MAC, try using RARP! (Reverse ARP) FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6431t=6387 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: elementary? [7:6359]
Hhh... Not so sure this is exactly right.. With full duplex, you have effectively created two directions --- there and back. I believe it is accurate to say that only one packet can be on the wire per direction at one time. I can send to you at the same time you are sending to me. But Someone else can not send to you at the time my packet is on the wire. Correct me if I'm wrong. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Peter I. Slow Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2001 7:40 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: elementary? [7:6359] N. nononononono. CSMA/CD only gets used when you are not in full duplex. (/me ducks) ( i have NEVER seen a full-dup. hub) meaning that if i am using a switch capable of full duplex (as most are) ..conversations, every station can transmit as much as they want. this is what differentiates between a hub and a switch. (but not the only thing) you are correct in that a 100 meg HUB with a gig uplink could never fully utilize the link, but the case is completly different with a switch. - Original Message - From: Vijay Ramcharan To: Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2001 9:54 AM Subject: RE: elementary? [7:6359] Thanks everyone for their replies. As I now understand it, the 1Gb uplink just moves data faster than... say, a 100Mb uplink. Correct? Conversations between hosts on each switch still take place one at a time, thereby obeying Ethernet rules of one station transmitting at a time. Correct? Okay my next question. Is there any point at which this 1Gb uplink can become saturated, since it's only handling station to station sessions- one at a time. If a number of stations on each switch were doing large file transfers to each other via the uplink, would there be some point at which the uplink would be maxed out- in terms of bandwidth? Or is the only limiting factor, the workstations inability to pump data out fast enough to max out the uplink when they're only running 100Mb? I'm thinking that it's really not possible to max out a 1Gb uplink when stations are only running 100Mb. If this is correct then I lay this question to rest. Thanks. Vijay Ramcharan -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Vijay Ramcharan Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2001 12:06 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: elementary? [7:6359] Forgive me if this sounds a little bit basic but this is what happens when you rush into things without understanding the fundamentals. Suppose a 24 port 100Mbit switch called A is uplinked to another 24 port 100Mb switch called B via a 1Gb connnection. Suppose hosts D through N are on switch A and hosts M through X are on Switch B. Would conversations between the hosts from Switch A to Switch B occur one at a time or are multiple conversations multiplexed over the 1Gb uplink? I'm just trying to find out if and how that 1Gb uplink is used up. Thanks in advance. I'd put TIA but I hate those little acronyms. No flames please. Vijay Ramcharan FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6450t=6359 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: elementary? [7:6359]
I concur. I should have been a bit more clear in that I was addressing the issue of a gig link between two switches. For traffic that remains within a single switch, different things can be done with the switch fabric, thus increasing the number of packets handled. But a single gig link between two switches, operating at full duplex, can have only one packet per direct on the wire at one time. Also, I still think that on any link between any end station and the switch port, the transmitting end station still waits until it senses nothing on the wire fore putting the next packet out that interface. The end station, after all, does not know to what it is connected. Rules of the game. Listen. If wire is empty, place packet onto wire, listen, if wire is busy, wait. Perhaps some of the newer layer two drivers do things a bit differently if they detect full duplex? I'm not so sure, but then I'm just an old dog. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Gareth Hinton Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2001 10:14 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: elementary? [7:6359] I think everybody might be right here but arguing about different parts of the process, or confusing the meaning of the previous post , so just to add more confusion: Peter said that all every station could send as much as they want, which I think he was referring to their own ethernet segment/(switch port). On the Gig link, buffering will obviously have to take place. Statistical multiplexing seems a good summary of what's happening. I'm not sure exactly what you were saying in the last post Alan, about the buffering. Full duplex operation will allow another station to send to you while you are sending to it, so no buffering required in that case. As usual, open (prone) to correction, Gaz W. Alan Robertson wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Chuck, It's pretty much an issue of semantics... Another station could send to you, but the frame would be buffered by the switch until the current frame had finished sending. It would be transmitted to you afterward. Also, to confirm Peter's statement that he's never seen a full-duplex hub... Such an animal does not/can not exist. This is one of the key differences between hubs and switches. A hub, by it's very nature, cannot provide full-duplex operation. It has no means of bufferring frames, nor of providing segmentation on a per node basis. A hub is layer 1 device, and the network is provides is a shared medium. Vijay, chances are that if it has a 1Gbps uplink, it is a switch, and depending on the number of connected 100Mbps stations, and your network traffic patterns, you very well might be able to saturate the uplink connection, because a switch allows for multiple simultaneous conversations. Under the right conditions, you could fill up virtually any pipe, but unless your traffic demands are really outlandish, you probably won't. If you do, you should examine the reasons, and revise the design of your network accordingly. Alan - Original Message - From: Chuck Larrieu To: Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2001 11:14 AM Subject: RE: elementary? [7:6359] Hhh... Not so sure this is exactly right.. With full duplex, you have effectively created two directions --- there and back. I believe it is accurate to say that only one packet can be on the wire per direction at one time. I can send to you at the same time you are sending to me. But Someone else can not send to you at the time my packet is on the wire. Correct me if I'm wrong. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Peter I. Slow Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2001 7:40 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: elementary? [7:6359] N. nononononono. CSMA/CD only gets used when you are not in full duplex. (/me ducks) ( i have NEVER seen a full-dup. hub) meaning that if i am using a switch capable of full duplex (as most are) ..conversations, every station can transmit as much as they want. this is what differentiates between a hub and a switch. (but not the only thing) you are correct in that a 100 meg HUB with a gig uplink could never fully utilize the link, but the case is completly different with a switch. - Original Message - From: Vijay Ramcharan To: Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2001 9:54 AM Subject: RE: elementary? [7:6359] Thanks everyone for their replies. As I now understand it, the 1Gb uplink just moves data faster than... say, a 100Mb uplink. Correct? Conversations between hosts on each switch still take place one at a time, thereby obeying Ethernet rules of one station transmitting at a time. Correct? Okay my next question. Is there any point at which this 1Gb uplink can become saturated, since it's only
RE: help [7:6552]
since this appears to be a regular occurrence, you may want to save this link. best wishes Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of William Harrison Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2001 7:31 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:help [7:6552] A little help As usually we lost the passwords! We have vty password but no secret. I need a good cracks for that router Any help? TIA William Harrison CCNA FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6559t=6552 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: help [7:6552]
Of course it helps if the #$^% list doesn't eat the url: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/474/pswdrec_2500.html sorry Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Chuck Larrieu Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2001 8:34 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: help [7:6552] since this appears to be a regular occurrence, you may want to save this link. best wishes Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of William Harrison Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2001 7:31 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:help [7:6552] A little help As usually we lost the passwords! We have vty password but no secret. I need a good cracks for that router Any help? TIA William Harrison CCNA FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6564t=6552 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: DHCP Servers and IP assignment [7:6562]
Knowing others will give you a succinct answer, I would also suggest you can take a peek at RFC 1541 ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1541.txt for some details, such as the DHCP request packet format. In there you will find a field defined as giaddr ( Relay agent IP address, used in booting via a relay-agent. ) The router forwarding the DHCP request populates this field. The DHCP server reads the value in this field and makes the assignment from the appropriate scope. If you have nothing to do for several days, you can also check out this book: http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1578701376/o/qid=991282285/sr=2-1/ref =aps_sr_b_1_1/102-2752665-3470535 watch the wrap on this one hard to imagine one could fill a book with this stuff ;- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Lists Wizard Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2001 9:02 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:DHCP Servers and IP assignment [7:6562] Hello group, I have a nagging question about how the DHCP server assigns an IP address to a DHCP client from the correct pool of addresses. Let me give a scenario so that you understand my concerns. A host called Subnet_A _Client sends a dhcp request. The router's interface on subnet A is Ethernet_A. The router sends the dhcp request to subnet B, where the DHCP server resides. The router's interface on subnet B is Ethernet_B. My question is how will the DHCP server know that the dhcp request is coming from subnet A? Will the DHCP server unicast or broadcast the dhcp reply? To which address will the server unicast its dhcp reply? If someone can help me or refer me to a good online document that will answer my questions, I will appreciate it. Thanks Lw FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6567t=6562 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: WAN problem with ATM - Please help !!! [7:6212]
When you swap to frame relay, do you use map statements art the branch offices? BTW, I wasn't aware that the 16xx series supported ATM, can't verify this on the IOS feature navigator found at: http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/FeatureNav/FN.pl which IOS version you running? I have a couple of customers who have 16xx routers, and don't want to bit the bullet moving up to 26xx to support what I'm trying to sell them. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Hamid Sent: Tuesday, May 29, 2001 6:47 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:WAN problem with ATM - Please help !!! [7:6212] Hi I have to 1601 Routers in 2 branch offices connecting them to a 3640 router in a Central office over ATM. I have configured EIGRP routing and the encapsulation is ATM-dxi. The is that, both of the branch offices have connectivity to the central sites and have no problems with the central office. But the branch offices can't see each other. I have tested it it on the 1601 routers, none of them can see eachother. I don't think the problem is about the ROUTING because changing the encapsulation to FRAME-RELAY solves everything. Everything works allright with FRAME-RELAY encapsulation. But it won't work with ATM-dxi. Can someone tell me please what the problem is? Thanks in advance Hamid FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6220t=6212 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Wanna Be a CCIE? Try This One [7:6076]
Run BGP on all routers and manipulate the path with local preference or
weights or meds?
Static routes?
Change to EIGRP?
Disconnect the link from A to C?
Put router B into area 1?
Sure - a tunnel will work also
Sorry, I've been reading too many things this weekend.
Chuck
-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of
Kevin Schwantz
Sent: Tuesday, May 29, 2001 7:03 AM
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject:Re: Wanna Be a CCIE? Try This One [7:6076]
routerArouterB
AREA0AREA0
||
routerC routerD
AREA1-AREA1
Since we are on the topic of OSPF, could someone help me out on the scenario
above?
Routers A and B have interfaces in Area 0 and Area1. I want traffic from
routerA destined for routerD to go via router B. This is not the case in my
network because I realise that routerA prefers Intra-Area routes and thus
would route traffic to routerD via routerC.
What tweaks must I make in order to force the traffic from routerA to
routerD to go via routerB ? Someone suggested building a GRE tunnel between
routerA and routerB and then configure the tunnel to be in AREA1.
Any suggestions?
Kevin
W. Alan Robertson wrote in message
[EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
Guys,
The actual traffic will not be routed up to area 0... Area 0 has been
extended
down to R2, so R2 is now a backbone router. R2 has interfaces in 3 areas
now:
Area1, Area2, and Area0 by means of it's virtual link.
Any traffic originating in Area2 destined for Area1 will be routed
directly
by
R2. This satisfies the Interarea traffic must traverse the backbone
rule,
because R2 *is* a backbone router.
This is not theory... It is fact.
Alan
- Original Message -
From: Andrew Larkins
To:
Sent: Monday, May 28, 2001 10:13 AM
Subject: RE: Wanna Be a CCIE? Try This One [7:6076]
agreedto area 0 then on to the intended area
-Original Message-
From: Circusnuts [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]
Sent: 28 May 2001 15:50
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject:Re: Wanna Be a CCIE? Try This One [7:6076]
Chuck- my answer is Yes. The traffic from the Virtual Linked psuedo-ABR
passes back to Area 0, before it's sent onto the intended Area (even if
it's
directly connected).
Phil
- Original Message -
From: Chuck Larrieu
To:
Sent: Sunday, May 27, 2001 8:59 PM
Subject:Wanna Be a CCIE? Try This One [7:6076]
Ever wonder what the CCIE candidates talk about on the CCIE list?
The following message came through today. I thought the bright folks
on
this
list might be curious, and might want to venture an answer.
Begin original question:
Guys,
I wonder if there is anybody who remembers the discussion on Virtual
Links in OSPF. It was posted some time ago but I can't seem to find
it.
The scenario was something like this:
___ ___
|Area 0 | |Area1||Area2|
|R0|--| R1 |--| R2 |
|__| |_||_|
There is a virtual link from area 2 to Area 0 via Area1. Traffic needs
to
get to R1 in Area 1 from R2 in Area 2. Assume that the virtual link
has
to
use R1 (To create the V.Link). Does the traffic flow passed R1 (in
Area
1)
to Area 0 and then back to area 1, or does the actual flow just to R1
from
R2.
I cant remember the conclusion, and I cant seem to find it on the
archives.
Quite interesting issues.
End of original question
Chuck
One IOS to forward them all.
One IOS to find them.
One IOS to summarize them all
And in the routing table bind them.
-JRR Chambers-
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RE: Why use GRE Tunnels [7:6155]
Set up an OSPF virtual link across it ;- Chuck (A joking reference to a recent thread.) -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Rashid Lohiya Sent: Tuesday, May 29, 2001 3:15 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: Why use GRE Tunnels [7:6155] Well thanx for your input guys I have just successfully labbed my first GRE tunnel at home, but couldn't find anything useful or exciting to do with it. thanx, (especially to Neal), Now I have lots of ideas to be getting on with. Regards, Rashid Rashid Lohiya wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hi, Can anyone give me some reasons why anyone would want to or need to use GRE Tunnels Thanks Rashid Lohiya [EMAIL PROTECTED] 020 8509 2990 07785 362626 www.pioneer-computers.com London UK FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6314t=6155 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Off Topic - it continues to be a privilege [7:6351]
There have been a couple of very good threads here the last couple of days - the kind that make you think, make you hit the books or the rfc's or the archives or the net. The kind that challenge you to learn a little bit more and walk away a little bit smarter. It continues to be a privilege to be associated with this group. You guys and gals are great! Keep at it! Chuck June 3 - D-day a bit early? One IOS to forward them all. One IOS to find them. One IOS to summarize them all And in the routing table bind them. -JRR Chambers- Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6351t=6351 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Question on the meaning of tunneling [7:6136]
Question came up on the CCIE group revolving around the meaning of the term tunnel I think I am seeing where the author of the below quote is going. I'm wondering if one of the folks on this group might be willing to offer some insight. The question originated with someone calling an OSPF virtual link a tunnel. After some back and forth, someone offered the following (edited for brevity, and clarity): ...understand the basics of software tunneling. TUNNELING PROVIDES ALTERNATIVE TO THE NATIVE CONNECTIVITY PROCEDURE. In this case there is no physical/datalink connectivity, so connectivity is achieved through software interface. Virtual Links are not tunnels, you can't transport traffic over them, they just carry routing information. They are TUNNELING this routing information through area 1. THIS IS THE PRINCIPLE OF TUNNELLING. IT IS NOT ONLY APPLICATION DATA THAT IS TUNNELED : IN THIS CASE ROUTING UPDATES ARE BEING TUNNELED! you seem to know only Cisco exam material (tunnel interfaces) please read further afield and grasp generics/basics of software programming principles, Can anyone offer further clarification here? Thanks Chuck One IOS to forward them all. One IOS to find them. One IOS to summarize them all And in the routing table bind them. -JRR Chambers- Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6136t=6136 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Question on the meaning of tunneling [7:6136]
Did some more research. In the context of the question, I went to the RFC to see what the source says. It occurred to me that the behaviour of virtual links must be defined in there somewhere. Sure enough, in the router LSA there is something called the V bit, which when set determines that the originator of the LSA is one endpoint of a virtual link. when two routers agree that they are the endpoints of the same virtual link, as determined by their RIDs as defined when the VL is configured, then the virtual link is established. bit V When set, the router is an endpoint of one or more fully adjacent virtual links having the described area as Transit area (V is for virtual link endpoint). In another place: Virtual links are part of the backbone, and behave as if they were unnumbered point-to-point networks between the two routers. I believe this lays to rest the question as to whether of not an OSPF virtual link is a tunnel. It is not. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Marty Adkins Sent: Monday, May 28, 2001 7:24 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: Question on the meaning of tunneling [7:6136] Howard C. Berkowitz wrote: In the most general sense, a tunnel is a means of taking a protocol data unit payload of OSI layer N of protocol family P1: (N,P1)-PDU, and transmitting it with a delivery header at layer M of protocol family P2. What is actually transmitted is, minimally, a (N,P1)-PDU encapsulated in a (M,P2)-PDU. There may be a shim between the end of the delivery header and the beginning of the payload header; there's no good OSIRM term for the shim. In a slightly less mathematical explanation: Think about the encapsulation steps while traveling down the stack. Are one or more layers repeated? If so, then tunneling is involved. Yeah, that's simplistic. - Marty FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6181t=6136 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Question on the meaning of tunneling [7:6136]
My quote was from the RFC, which I believe is the authoritative source. All that happens is that a particular bit in the router LSA is set, and when the two end points agree, based on the V-bit setting and the respective RID's, the virtual link is established. Jeff Doyle puts his pants on the same way you and I do. I'm sure he's made a mistake or two in his life. There are a few pages of errata to be found for his book. :- Chuck -Original Message- From: Peter I. Slow [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, May 28, 2001 10:52 PM To: Chuck Larrieu; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: Question on the meaning of tunneling [7:6136] Virtual links are part of the backbone, and behave as if they were unnumbered point-to-point networks between the two routers. its a virtual link. its an unnumbered network. a network/segmrnt nonetheless, and that description sounds like a tunnel. it's possible im reading it out of context and misunderstanding / me goes to grab his Doyle book ..Page 464, P1, the VL is a tunnel through which packets may be routed on the optimal pathfrom one endpoint to the other. ...It would be unwise to tell god he is wrong. Doyle is the man who wrote the book, literally... - Original Message - From: Chuck Larrieu To: Sent: Tuesday, May 29, 2001 1:18 AM Subject: RE: Question on the meaning of tunneling [7:6136] Did some more research. In the context of the question, I went to the RFC to see what the source says. It occurred to me that the behaviour of virtual links must be defined in there somewhere. Sure enough, in the router LSA there is something called the V bit, which when set determines that the originator of the LSA is one endpoint of a virtual link. when two routers agree that they are the endpoints of the same virtual link, as determined by their RIDs as defined when the VL is configured, then the virtual link is established. bit V When set, the router is an endpoint of one or more fully adjacent virtual links having the described area as Transit area (V is for virtual link endpoint). In another place: Virtual links are part of the backbone, and behave as if they were unnumbered point-to-point networks between the two routers. I believe this lays to rest the question as to whether of not an OSPF virtual link is a tunnel. It is not. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Marty Adkins Sent: Monday, May 28, 2001 7:24 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Question on the meaning of tunneling [7:6136] Howard C. Berkowitz wrote: In the most general sense, a tunnel is a means of taking a protocol data unit payload of OSI layer N of protocol family P1: (N,P1)-PDU, and transmitting it with a delivery header at layer M of protocol family P2. What is actually transmitted is, minimally, a (N,P1)-PDU encapsulated in a (M,P2)-PDU. There may be a shim between the end of the delivery header and the beginning of the payload header; there's no good OSIRM term for the shim. In a slightly less mathematical explanation: Think about the encapsulation steps while traveling down the stack. Are one or more layers repeated? If so, then tunneling is involved. Yeah, that's simplistic. - Marty FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6184t=6136 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Need help [7:6182]
Lots of free stuff at www.cisco.com Check out the command references and configuration guides. Great place to start. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of vijay tyagi Sent: Monday, May 28, 2001 10:55 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Need help [7:6182] Hi! to all, I passed my CCNA by 903 marks preparing for ccnp ,kindly help me by from where to get the free stuff. mail at [EMAIL PROTECTED] more from the Web. FREE MSN Explorer download : http://explorer.msn.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6185t=6182 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Wanna Be a CCIE? Try This One [7:6076]
Ever wonder what the CCIE candidates talk about on the CCIE list? The following message came through today. I thought the bright folks on this list might be curious, and might want to venture an answer. Begin original question: Guys, I wonder if there is anybody who remembers the discussion on Virtual Links in OSPF. It was posted some time ago but I can't seem to find it. The scenario was something like this: ___ ___ |Area 0 | |Area1||Area2| |R0|--| R1 |--| R2 | |__| |_||_| There is a virtual link from area 2 to Area 0 via Area1. Traffic needs to get to R1 in Area 1 from R2 in Area 2. Assume that the virtual link has to use R1 (To create the V.Link). Does the traffic flow passed R1 (in Area 1) to Area 0 and then back to area 1, or does the actual flow just to R1 from R2. I cant remember the conclusion, and I cant seem to find it on the archives. Quite interesting issues. End of original question Chuck One IOS to forward them all. One IOS to find them. One IOS to summarize them all And in the routing table bind them. -JRR Chambers- Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6076t=6076 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: help --------------Pls ................OIR Error [7:6021]
Have you tried reloading the router with the cable attached? Or blowing away the X.35 config, reloading with the cable attached, then putting in the X.25 What version of IOS are you running? I have documented a couple of problems revolving around serial port cables with 12.0.4 or so. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Arun Sent: Saturday, May 26, 2001 3:58 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:help --Pls OIR Error [7:6021] Hi I have router configured as X25 router .I have 2 slots in it with each having 4 serial ports on them.The problem is that when i connect the cisco provided cable just the cable to the administratively shutdown serial port it gives me error : %OIRINT:OIR Event has occured OIR_ctrl 50 oir stat 8F88 ( i have checked OIR it stands online insertion and removal but i could not find this particular error) and this also hangs the router i have checked the cable i can not do many thngs on the router as it is in live n/w ..Please help ..the router works well after i remove cable and restart the router . Any help will be appreciated Regards Arun Sharma FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6028t=6021 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Pix 6.0 [7:5950]
Gee, is it time to repeat my observation that the firewall is no longer the appropriate device for doing this kind of stuff.? What happens when some user or group has a valid business reason to use instant messenger or real audio? Now how to distinguish between the valid and non-valid uses and users? IF this is problem, and IF your management has directed you to do something the first thing to do is work with HR to get an acceptable internet use policy into the employee handbook. Next, get a third party package like web sense or surf control, and use it to enforce policies as determined by management. This will also do a lot to stop the p*rn and the frivolity. And thee products allow for different users and groups to have different privileges. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Saturday, May 26, 2001 7:54 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: Pix 6.0 [7:5950] Spencer, Wildpackets notes the following ports: Yahoo! Instant Messenger:Port 5050 TCP Real Networks: Port 554 and 7070 TCP Windows Media Player: Port 7007 TCP MSN/Hotmail Messenger: Port 1863 TCP You could also put up a sniffer (or Etherpeek, or, ...) and play around to see what you come up with. Don't be suprised if users simply move over to a web based chat protocol or find other ways around it ;-) Bruce FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6032t=5950 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: help --------------Pls ................OIR Error [7:6021]
Beat the hell out of me. In the past I have posted about problems with earlier 12.x codes, where if I plugged serial cables into a serial interface while the router was powered on, IP would not work, although IPX would. I've had people tell me I was an idiot, and this couldn't happen. But Pamela Forsythe told me she recognized the phenomenon. I've moved my routers onto various versions of 12.1 code, and have not seen the problem. Actually, I don't think I ever saw the problem with later versions of 12.0 code either. Still curious what IOS version you are running. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Arun Sent: Saturday, May 26, 2001 8:02 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: help --Pls OIR Error [7:6021] hi yes i tried reloading the router with the cables attached and it worked .. thanks for the help but what could be the reason for that if i know it will be a help . Arun Sharma Chuck Larrieu wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Have you tried reloading the router with the cable attached? Or blowing away the X.35 config, reloading with the cable attached, then putting in the X.25 What version of IOS are you running? I have documented a couple of problems revolving around serial port cables with 12.0.4 or so. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Arun Sent: Saturday, May 26, 2001 3:58 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: help --Pls OIR Error [7:6021] Hi I have router configured as X25 router .I have 2 slots in it with each having 4 serial ports on them.The problem is that when i connect the cisco provided cable just the cable to the administratively shutdown serial port it gives me error : %OIRINT:OIR Event has occured OIR_ctrl 50 oir stat 8F88 ( i have checked OIR it stands online insertion and removal but i could not find this particular error) and this also hangs the router i have checked the cable i can not do many thngs on the router as it is in live n/w ..Please help ..the router works well after i remove cable and restart the router . Any help will be appreciated Regards Arun Sharma FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=6033t=6021 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: CCIE written is outdated. [7:5756]
This of course presumes it is in Cisco's interest to make the test relevant. Reminds a bit of the arguments we used to make in college and grad school. My major is X, so why should I be required to take classes in Y? The answer is BECAUSE! :- Right or wrong, relevant or not, the fact is that if you want the reward, then part of the requirement is to put up with the crap. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of g_study Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 10:19 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: CCIE written is outdated. [7:5756] Mr.Bad Attitude, I never said the lab was outdated. I have never used web based utilities to configure routers. All I said was the written test was outdated. They need to update it. I didn't say make it easier. I asked why they still test us on outdated technologies. I would rather spend my time studying BGP then how to read a RIF. - Original Message - From: Louie Belt To: Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 5:17 PM Subject: RE: CCIE written is outdated. [7:5756] And a calculator can do math for you, but would you substitute your knowledge of math for a dependancy on a calculator? If all you want to do is follow the suggestions of a sniffer, then do so. If you want to learn networking then invest the time to undertand what it is the sniffer is telling you. I assume from your comments you would also prefer to use the web based configuration utilities for switches and routers - that way you don't have to know the syntax. I guess the CCIE lab is outdated as well. Louie -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Brian Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 5:30 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: CCIE written is outdated. [7:5756] exactly, I was just talking about this with a study partner, and the obsession with bits in the header is really deep here, and the canonical inversion stuff makes my brain hurt. I would think most packet sniffers would do this for you. Brian Sonic Whalen Success = Preparation + Opportunity On Thu, 24 May 2001, Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: At 04:59 PM 5/24/01, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: But do I really need to know how to read a RIF? How often do you read a RIF? I don't think so. That's one of the silliest topics, in my opinion. If you had to read a RIF you would use a protocol analyzer that would decode it for you. I know some day you could run into a situation where you really need to know how to read a RIF or know how to configure Apollo, Banyan VINES or XNS. I guess I am just frustrated with the trivial parts of this test. Does anyone else out there feel this way about this test? . - Original Message - From: Howard C. Berkowitz To: Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 1:49 PM Subject: Re: CCIE written is outdated. [7:5756] Just from a learning standpoint, I agree the lab and written should coincide. Perhaps a desktop/legacy specialization might be in order. But there's a finite amount that people can learn and demonstrate, and frankly, I'd rather see somewhat more depth in IP, and also MPLS, than having lots and lots of depth yet being somewhat superficial in the things you need to know about really big networks. Perhaps my design bias is showing. I do wonder about X.25. There's an old Army saying that you never need a pistol until you need one very, very much. I still believe X.25 can be an extremely useful niche protocol. I agree you should know how to do that stuff but I think the written and the lab should coincide. - Original Message - From: Darren Crawford To: Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 12:04 PM Subject: Re: CCIE written is outdated. [7:5756] Because as a CCIE you should know how to do this stuff. ;^) D. At 01:04 PM 05/24/2001 -0400, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The following have been removed from the lab. Why haven't the been removed from the CCIE written? LAT, DECnet, Apollo, Banyan VINES, ISO CLNS, XNS, ATM LANE, and X.25. Effective February 1, 2001, Appletalk will also be removed from the lab exam content. x$:0`0:$xx$:0`0:$xx$:0`0:$xx$:0`0:$x$:0`0:$xx Darren S. Crawford Network Systems Consultant Lucent Technologies - Sacramento email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] page via email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] pager: 800-467-1467 x$:0`0:$xx$:0`0:$xx$:0`0:$xx$:0`0:$x$:0`0:$xx FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations
RE: Is it really worth it? CCIE [7:5725]
As someone who has devoted a bit of time and more than a couple of dollars pursuing certification, and as someone who has failed one lab attempt, and as someone who collects good advice from CCIE's and others, I can no longer resist opening my big mouth on this. The CCIE Lab exam is a test. Nothing more. Nothing less. It has nothing to do with good practice. It has nothing to do with real world. Consider: Cisco wants you to be able to redistribute between any two protocols. How do you test this, given the constraints of the lab? Cisco wants you to understand routing protocol behaviour. How do you test that? Do bizarre redistribution requirements and constraints provide just such a means? Cisco wants you to understand the implications of NMBA on Cisco routers. How do you test that? Cisco wants you to understand how OSPF works? How do you test that, particularly in conjunction with NMBA? Cisco wants you to understand how routing works. How do you test a candidate's real understanding if you can fake your way through by using static routes? Cisco wants you to understand a number of alternative solutions to a number of problems. So they create scenarios which require a number of alternatives in order to complete correctly. Is this real world.? Is this good practice? Any CCNA should be able to throw together a 10 router network over frame relay, and get it to work. But who do you call when you have something out of the ordinary you want to do? Suppose you have legacy protocols you want to transition from? Suppose you are migrating from 3com to Cisco? Suppose you are buying Cisco now, but in the past you bought 3com, Lucent, and Nortel. And you don't want to spend the money to replace it all? Suppose you acquire a company that runs RIPv1, and their address space overlaps your? Who's gonna solve your problem? The CCIE is not about passing a test. It is about becoming expert in routing and networking. It is about learning how to learn. It is about understanding, researching, thinking beyond the ordinary. JMHO Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Robert Padjen Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 11:20 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: Is it really worth it? CCIE [7:5725] Louie - First congratulations. I think that, from what I know of the lab, there is a greater disconnect between the items on the lab and the real-world than your posting would reflect. This is not to say that there is no coorelation - rather it is thinner than some of us would like. I'm embarrased when CCIEs can't explain how to use the ARP and CAM tables to find a top talker, or when they can't implement redundancy in OSPF areas. The ones who can typically report that the lab (and its prep) had little to do with their knowledge in these areas. No exam can be everything, and I agree completely that the CCIE is one of the better ones, but I won't hire ANYONE because of the letters after their name - CCIE included. It's impressive, but only within the context of the challenge of the exam. --- Louie Belt wrote: I respectfully disagree with some of your assertions. The CCIE cert does demonstrate that you have an ability to troubleshoot a network, it also demonstrates your ability to build a complex network without leaving out the details. That's why the CCIE is different from almost any other cert. The lab goes past theory and forces practical application of that theory. Additionally, it forces you to demonstrate an ability to handle unknown scenarios in a timely manner and under extreme pressure. As for my opinion of whether it's worth it - I must say it absolutely is!! Louie Belt CCIE #7054 -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Kane, Christopher A. Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 6:08 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Is it really worth it? CCIE [7:5725] I agree that a Cert is not necessarily who you are. I also agree that a Cert doesn't mean you can troubleshoot nor does it mean that you are capable of designing something that is clean and easily supportable. But, I feel the Cert does have a value. It shows that you took the time to learn what someone (presumably the vendor) suggested that you learn in order to better understand the capabilities of their product. It shows that you've made the effort to learn things that you don't normally deal with on a day-to-day basis. If you are willing to constantly learn and grow not only adds to your value as an employee, but also as a person. Further, for those of us who did not finish school, it hopefully keeps the recruiter from shutting the door in our face. I have had a great time in the 4 years that I have been in this field. I've received recognition from not only my peers and immediate management, but also from senior directors. I've gained vast amounts of experience, starting at the NOC level and
RE: ARP versus Proxy-arp [7:5664]
would be the entire ip address range) the hotel can provide internet connectivity to a client with any configured ip address and gateway. Dean Whitley -Original Message- From: Hire, Ejay [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 10:32 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: ARP versus Proxy-arp [7:5664] Proxy arp isn't dead, it is still in use very frequently on dial-up links. If you get a chance, dial-up to earthlink and run winipcfg. You'll see that your default gateway is actually set to yourself. Their is a reasonable explanation of this behavior in the Sybex CCNP switch 2.0 chapter on redundancy. -EH -Original Message- From: Chuck Larrieu [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 10:37 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: ARP versus Proxy-arp [7:5664] At the risk of becoming another Bob Vance.. I'm reading Doug Comer's TCP/IP reference, on the assumption that it can't hurt to really get into how TCP/IP works. Proxy-arp versus normal arp. A host does not know the physical address of another host so it sends out an ARP request. If the host in question lies on another network, a router responds to that request. Proxy ARP, correct? A host through it's TCP stack does the XOR and determines that a host lies on another network. The host therefore sends the packet to the device indicated as its default gateway in its configuration. It sends an ARP request for the MAC of the default gateway. Normal ARP? So in other words, proxy arp may be viewed as something of an obsolete protocol / operation in that most modern TCP stacks contain the mechanisms for doing the network XOR determination, and then using the default gateway. A modern stack would recognize that a host is on a different network and go the default gateway route, so to speak. In other words, the necessity for proxy arp is eliminated for the most part because of the default gateway concept and the modern TCP stack. Has it sunk through this thick head finally? PS Comer states that proxy arp is aka arp hack. :- Chuck One IOS to forward them all. One IOS to find them. One IOS to summarize them all And in the routing table bind them. -JRR Chambers- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Auctions - buy the things you want at great prices http://auctions.yahoo.com/ Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5971t=5664 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Split Horizon Poison Reverse [7:5887]
OK. I'll correct you. Consider the situation where you have a router with multiple T1's ( not frame relay ) and therefore multiple interfaces. The design might be such that I see a destination to network X through more than one interface. NetX--R_1--R_2-R_3 No matter what the transport type, you do not want R_3 to tell R_2 that it has a route to NetX. The reason should be obvious. The split horizon rule is that you never want a route advertised back out the interface it was received on. With the exception that in a frame relay hub and spoke situation, you do want split horizon disabled, because you do want the spokes to receive routing information out the same physical interface. This is a classic case, and is covered quite well in Doyle. Because RIP updates are not made in a timely manner, it becomes possible for R_4 to advertise that it has a good path to NetX when in fact the NetX connection to R_1 is down. HTH Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Sergio Silva Sent: Friday, May 25, 2001 8:56 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: Split Horizon Poison Reverse [7:5887] Hi All Correct me if I am wronge I think the only problem that you would have with Split Horizon is when it comes to Frame Relay. Regards Sergio Silva Network Engineer [EMAIL PROTECTED] -Original Message- From: Bradley J. Wilson [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Friday, May 25, 2001 11:36 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Split Horizon Poison Reverse [7:5887] What we're dealing with here is a problem with Cisco documentation that goes back centuries, and has never been corrected. Split Horizon and Poison Reverse are TWO DIFFERENT THINGS. They do not work together, they are *alternatives*, similar to how ISL and 802.1Q are alternatives which do pretty much the same thing. With split horizon, if a router learns about a route from a neighbor on a certain interface, it will not advertise that same route out that same interface to that same neighbor. In poison reverse, the router *will* advertise that same route out that same interface to that same neighbor, but will jack up its hop count to 15 - making it automatically unreachable. Which is better? Not sure. I've heard that Poison Reverse is *slightly* more efficient than Split Horizon, simply because poison reverse still forces the receiving router to allocate memory space for the route it receives, even if its hop count is 15. When the topology changes, all it needs to do is change the hop count and the next hop address - but the route itself is already in memory. Here's the funny thing: split horizon is the default on Cisco routers. Bay routers use Poison Reverse by default. - Original Message - From: Cisco Boy To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Friday, May 25, 2001 5:17 AM Subject: Split Horizon Poison Reverse [7:5887] Can someone help explain how Split Horizon and Split Horizon with Poison Reverse works in correlation with RIP? - Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Auctions $2 Million Sweepstakes - Got something to sell? FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] *** The information in this e-mail is confidential and is legally privileged. It is intended solely for the addressee. If this email is not intended for you, you cannot copy, distribute, or disclose the included information to any-one If you are not the intended recipient please delete the mail. Whilst all reasonable steps have been taken to ensure the accuracy and integrity of all data transmitted electronically, no liability is accepted if the data, for whatever reason, is corrupt or does not reach it's intended destination. All business is undertaken, subject to our standard trading conditions which are available on request. *** FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5985t=5887 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Tunneling [7:5945]
I believe you need a tunnel mode command in there under the tunnel interface Int tun 0 Tun mode ipip For example -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Eduardo D Piovesam Sent: Friday, May 25, 2001 12:14 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Tunneling [7:5945] Hello, First, apologies for this long mail. I'm beggining with cisco routers, and my first problem is with tunnels. I'm trying to set up a tunnel between our two locations with no success. These sites are linkeds to a ISP backbone. The transport/passenger protocols are IP. The routers are Cisco 2501 IOS 12.0(6). Addresses: - Site A LAN address : 200.200.62.64 / 255.255.255.240 - Site B LAN address : 200.200.46.208 / 255.255.255.240 * site A: - interface Tunnel0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252 no ip directed-broadcast tunnel source XXX.YYY.230.234 -- serial0 tunnel destination XXX.YYY.49.238 -- serial0 on router on site B ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 200.200.62.65 255.255.255.248 no ip directed-broadcast no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache ! interface Serial0 ip address XXX.YYY.230.234 255.255.255.252 no ip directed-broadcast encapsulation frame-relay no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache no fair-queue ! ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 XXX.YYY.230.233 -- serial port on ISP router ip route 200.200.46.208 255.255.255.240 tunnel0 ! - * Site B: - ! interface Tunnel0 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252 no ip directed-broadcast tunnel source XXX.YYY.49.238-- serial0 tunnel destination XXX.YYY.230.234 -- serial0 on router on site A ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 200.200.46.209 255.255.255.248 no ip directed-broadcast no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache ! interface Serial0 ip address XXX.YYY.49.238 255.255.255.252 no ip directed-broadcast encapsulation frame-relay no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache ! ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 XXX.YYY.49.237 -- serial port on ISP router ip route 200.200.62.64 255.255.255.240 tunnel0 ! - My machine (on site A) is 200.200.62.70 / 255.255.255.240 with gateway 255.255.255.65. If I try to ping 200.200.46.209 with the tunnel on routers, I get Request timed out. If I remove the 2nd routes from both routers, I can ping 200.200.46.209... :( Where I wrong? Thank you for any hint, clue, help...anything. Regards, Eduardo FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5984t=5945 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: ARP versus Proxy-arp [7:5664]
by on a segment when you don't know the IP address of the default gateway... --- Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: Hmm... That's interesting. I'm trying to figure it out. Say, on my office network, my default gateway is something like 10.0.0.32 because we're using private addresses and NAT. When I travel, would the router in the hotel respond to my ARP for 10.0.0.32?? Would the router think that it can reach network 10.0.0.0? And, let's say that I don't use private addresses on my office network (which I don't). Let's say the default gateway is 138.1.80.193. Would the hotel router respond to my ARP for 138.1.80.193? Would the router think that it can reach network 138.1.0.0? I would hate to be the desk clerk responding to questions about this! ;-) Priscilla At 10:56 AM 5/24/01, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Proxy-Arp Lives! I have to add that as I understand it proxy arp and nat are how hotels offer internet connectivity. Take a laptop with any ip address configured plug it in and it will arp for its default gateway. The router with proxy arp will answer as the default gateways mac address. Then using a wide scope for nat (the scope would be the entire ip address range) the hotel can provide internet connectivity to a client with any configured ip address and gateway. Dean Whitley -Original Message- From: Hire, Ejay [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 10:32 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: ARP versus Proxy-arp [7:5664] Proxy arp isn't dead, it is still in use very frequently on dial-up links. If you get a chance, dial-up to earthlink and run winipcfg. You'll see that your default gateway is actually set to yourself. Their is a reasonable explanation of this behavior in the Sybex CCNP switch 2.0 chapter on redundancy. -EH -Original Message- From: Chuck Larrieu [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 10:37 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: ARP versus Proxy-arp [7:5664] At the risk of becoming another Bob Vance.. I'm reading Doug Comer's TCP/IP reference, on the assumption that it can't hurt to really get into how TCP/IP works. Proxy-arp versus normal arp. A host does not know the physical address of another host so it sends out an ARP request. If the host in question lies on another network, a router responds to that request. Proxy ARP, correct? A host through it's TCP stack does the XOR and determines that a host lies on another network. The host therefore sends the packet to the device indicated as its default gateway in its configuration. It sends an ARP request for the MAC of the default gateway. Normal ARP? So in other words, proxy arp may be viewed as something of an obsolete protocol / operation in that most modern TCP stacks contain the mechanisms for doing the network XOR determination, and then using the default gateway. A modern stack would recognize that a host is on a different network and go the default gateway route, so to speak. In other words, the necessity for proxy arp is eliminated for the most part because of the default gateway concept and the modern TCP stack. Has it sunk through this thick head finally? PS Comer states that proxy arp is aka arp hack. :- Chuck One IOS to forward them all. One IOS to find them. One IOS to summarize them all And in the routing table bind them. -JRR Chambers- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Auctions - buy the things you want at great prices http://auctions.yahoo.com/ Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL
RE: OSPF [7:5808]
Before providing an answer, let me ask: What do you think? Why? Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Lupi, Guy Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 3:32 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:OSPF [7:5808] When a router has OSPF configured, are hello packets transmitted out all interfaces, or only the ones that have a network statement in the configuration? Thanks in advance. FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5810t=5808 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: OSPF [7:5808]
Perfect. You can validate this by observing the outputs of your show ip ospf adj and show ip packet commands. Your security comment is interesting. It is one reason why newer routing protocols have authentication features built into them Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Lupi, Guy Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 4:19 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: OSPF [7:5808] I think that they are not, the reason is that it is a waste of resources. Why send discovery packets out an interface that you have not specified as participating in the routing process anyway. Also, I could see it as a possible security risk, you are sending hellos down links, and anyone would be able to see that you are running a routing protocol. Did I hit the mark or am I way off? -Original Message- From: Chuck Larrieu [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 6:48 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: OSPF [7:5808] Before providing an answer, let me ask: What do you think? Why? Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Lupi, Guy Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2001 3:32 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:OSPF [7:5808] When a router has OSPF configured, are hello packets transmitted out all interfaces, or only the ones that have a network statement in the configuration? Thanks in advance. FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5823t=5808 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: could a bgp reflector also be a client? [7:5528]
Sure. Why not? The configuration on the route reflector is: Router bgp x Neighbor a.b.c.d route-reflector-client There is no configuration on the client The whole idea of the RR is to eliminate the necessity for having full mesh. So you can indeed have: RR1 / \ / \ RR/C RRC / \ / \ RRCRRC Etc Just what the doctor ordered! Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of frank Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 12:26 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:could a bgp reflector also be a client? [7:5528] because bgp can have multiple levels of router-reflector according to cisco. Thanks, Frank FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5532t=5528 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: how to enlarge Switching Backplane of 6509 [7:5487]
It's always fun to have one of these discussions, especially when I could be sleeping. This one seems to be turning into yet another of those what is truth? questions. When dealing with Cisco, it is sometimes difficult to tell. The following link would appear to say something other than what you have quoted. Granted, mine is a quick skim. But it does seem to state that one SFM card provides 256G and the other is for redundancy. http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/si/casi/ca6000/prodlit/c6sfm_ds.htm notice that later in the link, Cisco starts talking bout packets per second ( PPS ) If you add the MSFC card you get 30mpps and if you add the DCF card on top of that you get 100mpps. I bring this up because I had a conversation off line with someone about needing the MSFC and DCF in order to get the 256G backplane. Cisco's own configuration tool indicates no. The person with whom I was discussing this indicated he has done a lot of research and his finding was yes. My own reading tells me that if I were an EE I might actually understand the link a bit better, and perhaps it would make more sense. As is stands, I am perceiving it as a lot of double-talk. This next link is where you, Frank, may have gotten your quote about the failover. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat6000/sft_6_1/configgd /swfab.htm#xtocid223541 I just opened NetformX, the configuration tool my boss paid a LOT of money for me to use in my design work. Once again I can't prove that I ever saw the SFM card described as 128G, and now it appears that the one card is indeed 256G. Serves me right for not checking this stuff every hour of every day :- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of frank Sent: Tuesday, May 22, 2001 11:37 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: how to enlarge Switching Backplane of 6509 [7:5487] but a cisco engineer told me i should just use one . for why upgrade to 256G,the customer is god ,he wants to pay ,i don't care.^_^ According to the following ,it seems if we use 2 sfm,just one is active ,another is not. The following is from cisco website. 128-Gbps Switch Fabric Module. The Switch Fabric Module requires Supervisor Engine 2. Switch Fabric Modules must be installed in either slot 5 or 6 of the Catalyst 6500 series switches. For redundancy, you can install a second Switch Fabric Module. The Switch Fabric Module first installed functions as the primary module. When two modules are installed at the same time, the module in slot 5 functions as the primary module, and the module installed in slot 6 functions as the backup. If you reset the Switch Fabric Module installed in slot 5, the module in slot 6 becomes the active one. v Chuck Larrieu wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Takes two to get 256 Takes slots 5 6, making your 6509 a 6507 ;- Idle curiosity - why do you need a 256 gig back plane? Assuming all seven of the other slots each contain the 16 port Gig E blades, and each port was going full duplex, that comes out to 224 gigs, according to my fingers. Oh yeah, through in the two Gig E ports on the sup module, and that gets to 226. I am still trying to figure how you can move that much data, given the way networks normally work. ;- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of frank Sent: Tuesday, May 22, 2001 8:53 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: how to enlarge Switching Backplane of 6509 [7:5487] do i need one or two 128G Switch Fabric Module? dave mauro wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Don't expect to find this spelled out clearly anywhere on CCO, but to the best of my knowledge, you must have: 1. Supervisor Engine 2 (with PFC2) 2. MSFC2 3. 128G Switch Fabric Module 4. 16-port GE module (WS-X6516-GBIC or WS-X6816-GBIC) 5. Distributed Forwarding Card (DFC) Until recently this last piece has not been available... Search CCO for details on these fine products. Bring your wallet. Dave On Tue, 22 May 2001, frank wrote: from 32G to 256G? Thanks Frank FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5534t=5487 -- FA
RE: how to reduce a broadcast on PC? [7:5517]
I respectfully disagree. The 40% number refers to ethernet utilization, not to percentage broadcasts. In other words, as a rule of thumb, if you are running 4mbs of traffic across your Ethernet, you are approaching saturation. In terms of percentage of network traffic that is broadcast, there is an old saw that if broadcasts exceed a certain percentage of your traffic, your networking trouble. All I can say is that in the brokerage firm where I worked, during market hours, broadcasts made up around 90% of our network traffic. How else do brokers get their quotes. The key here is understanding how your network is used. In my case, understanding the nature of the business and therefore the usage of the network, I could sleep well knowing that life was good. In the case of the gentleman below, having used the Fluke to determine that something is happening, the next step is to determine why. The Linux box is used for what besides syslog? Is it the creator or the receiver of those broadcasts, or the creator? As a syslog server, I would venture to guess it is a top receiver. If there is a high percentage of broadcast, what other servers are there? How are hosts configured? What protocols are in use? What time of day was this done? Just some idle thoughts Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Terence Lee Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 2:29 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: how to reduce a broadcast on PC? [7:5517] Basically your network is already saturated. Any broadcast over 40% on ethernet is saturated. Your syslog box should not really be generation anything if you are just using it to log. Try using another nic to see if that helps -- Terence Lee, MCSE, CCNA, Sim, CT (Chee Tong) wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hi.. I used a fluke meter to check the health of our network. I found one of our Linux server are generating 14% of broadcast. But I don't know how to reduce it? any idea? For your information, we use this Linux box act as a syslog server to receive message from all our switches. Does it contribute to the broadcast? If the fluke meter found my network has 45% broadcast, will it slow down my network? Chee Tong == De informatie opgenomen in dit bericht kan vertrouwelijk zijn en is uitsluitend bestemd voor de geadresseerde. Indien u dit bericht onterecht ontvangt wordt u verzocht de inhoud niet te gebruiken en de afzender direct te informeren door het bericht te retourneren. == The information contained in this message may be confidential and is intended to be exclusively for the addressee. Should you receive this message unintentionally, please do not use the contents herein and notify the sender immediately by return e-mail. == FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5577t=5517 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Wireless LAN specialization [7:5575] -Reply [7:5575]
By popular demand: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/10/wwtraining/pec/peclogin.html requires a CCO login. I believe this is for partners only, so you may need a CCO login tied to your employer's partnership account. HTH Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Jose A Rola Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 9:21 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Wireless LAN specialization [7:5575] -Reply [7:5581] Could you or anyone please tell me where in cisco site or elsewhere can i find information regarding this specialization? Thak you in advance. Jose Rola James 05/23/01 04:16pm Hello, Anyone out there works for a Reseller who selected Wireless LAN specialization ? I'm thinking of attempting the Wireless LAN specialization for SE/FE and am wondering what books should I get and how the exam is like. Any input from anyone with experience in the exam in appreciated. Thanks James __ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Auctions - buy the things you want at great prices http://auctions.yahoo.com/ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5588t=5575 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: HELP!!! Need to know cable type! [7:5579]
One avenue open to just about everyone for this kind of information is the Cisco pre sales support group 1-800-553-6387 option 2, then choose your poison. Folks there are usually pretty good about providing accurate information. HTH Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Craig Crosby Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 9:15 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:HELP!!! Need to know cable type! [7:5579] Hello, Could someone please let me know what type of multimode patch cables I would need for a PA-1A-OC3-MM and a ls100 ?? Please let me know, as I am in need of this immediately. I know there are st, sc, sma, etc. types, I just need to know which I will need for this. Thanks so much, Craig -- - I am buying and selling used CISCO gear. email me for a quote Craig Crosby [EMAIL PROTECTED] Netjam, LLC p:318-212-0245 333 Texas Street f:318-212-0246 Suite 1401 30 day warranty Shreveport, La. 71101 VISA/MC/AMEX/COD Cisco Channel Partner FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5589t=5579 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: how to enlarge Switching Backplane of 6509 [7:5487]
Beats the hell out of me. I work in a sector that is poor as church mice so I don't sell a lot of this stuff. I've had a couple of people ask, then walk away when they learned the price of the module. In fact, most of my client base walks away from the 65xx series anyway. The 4006 suits most of them just fine. I notice our favorite mutual customer didn't want anything to do with the SFM's ;- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Tony Medeiros Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 7:47 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: how to enlarge Switching Backplane of 6509 [7:5487] I looked at that link too Chuck. It seems that if I want the utilize the DFS card I gottal run that nasty native IOS Is this true ? Tony M. #6172 - Original Message - From: Chuck Larrieu To: Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 12:59 AM Subject: RE: how to enlarge Switching Backplane of 6509 [7:5487] It's always fun to have one of these discussions, especially when I could be sleeping. This one seems to be turning into yet another of those what is truth? questions. When dealing with Cisco, it is sometimes difficult to tell. The following link would appear to say something other than what you have quoted. Granted, mine is a quick skim. But it does seem to state that one SFM card provides 256G and the other is for redundancy. http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/si/casi/ca6000/prodlit/c6sfm_ds.htm notice that later in the link, Cisco starts talking bout packets per second ( PPS ) If you add the MSFC card you get 30mpps and if you add the DCF card on top of that you get 100mpps. I bring this up because I had a conversation off line with someone about needing the MSFC and DCF in order to get the 256G backplane. Cisco's own configuration tool indicates no. The person with whom I was discussing this indicated he has done a lot of research and his finding was yes. My own reading tells me that if I were an EE I might actually understand the link a bit better, and perhaps it would make more sense. As is stands, I am perceiving it as a lot of double-talk. This next link is where you, Frank, may have gotten your quote about the failover. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat6000/sft_6_1/configgd /swfab.htm#xtocid223541 I just opened NetformX, the configuration tool my boss paid a LOT of money for me to use in my design work. Once again I can't prove that I ever saw the SFM card described as 128G, and now it appears that the one card is indeed 256G. Serves me right for not checking this stuff every hour of every day :- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of frank Sent: Tuesday, May 22, 2001 11:37 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: how to enlarge Switching Backplane of 6509 [7:5487] but a cisco engineer told me i should just use one . for why upgrade to 256G,the customer is god ,he wants to pay ,i don't care.^_^ According to the following ,it seems if we use 2 sfm,just one is active ,another is not. The following is from cisco website. 128-Gbps Switch Fabric Module. The Switch Fabric Module requires Supervisor Engine 2. Switch Fabric Modules must be installed in either slot 5 or 6 of the Catalyst 6500 series switches. For redundancy, you can install a second Switch Fabric Module. The Switch Fabric Module first installed functions as the primary module. When two modules are installed at the same time, the module in slot 5 functions as the primary module, and the module installed in slot 6 functions as the backup. If you reset the Switch Fabric Module installed in slot 5, the module in slot 6 becomes the active one. v Chuck Larrieu wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Takes two to get 256 Takes slots 5 6, making your 6509 a 6507 ;- Idle curiosity - why do you need a 256 gig back plane? Assuming all seven of the other slots each contain the 16 port Gig E blades, and each port was going full duplex, that comes out to 224 gigs, according to my fingers. Oh yeah, through in the two Gig E ports on the sup module, and that gets to 226. I am still trying to figure how you can move that much data, given the way networks normally work. ;- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of frank Sent: Tuesday, May 22, 2001 8:53 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: how to enlarge Switching Backplane of 6509 [7:5487] do i need one or two 128G Switch Fabric Module? dave mauro wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Don't expect to find this spelled out clearly anywhere on CCO, but to the best of my knowledge, you must have: 1. Supervisor Engine 2 (with PFC2) 2. MSFC2 3. 128G Switch Fabric Module 4. 16-port GE module (WS-X6516-GBIC or WS-X6816-GBIC)
IPv^ info from Cisco [7:5602]
Just got this from Cisco, in case anyone is interested in Ipv6 -Original Message- From: Cisco Systems Inc [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 1:05 PM Subject:Cisco Beyond Basic IP Newsletter V2.21 IPv6 HELPS FUTURE-PROOF INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURES Going forward, scaling the Internet to new dimensions will include a worldwide requirement for a substantial increase in the volume of available IP addresses. The number of Internet-connected devices is proliferating rapidly. Mobile phone deployment, for example, is expected to reach more than 1 billion worldwide by 2005, and the majority of those phones will be Web-enabled. The construction of the world's 2.5G and 3G wireless networks alone, at some point, will drive the need for a dramatic increase in the pool of public IP addresses. In addition, the emergence of Internet appliances and home networks, along with the ramp-up of Internet connectivity in populous countries such as China, Russia, and India, will soon be significant contributors to the surge in IP address consumption. To future-proof Service Providers' Internet infrastructures, Cisco has made IP Version 6 (IPv6), as specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), available at no charge in its latest release of Cisco IOS(r) software for early adopters. Cisco is the first networking equipment vendor to implement IPv6 support across a wide array of routing platforms. TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND IPv6 extends the address space in an IP packet from 32 bits to 128 bits. This accommodates a much greater number of bit combinations, out of which IP addresses numbering into the trillions can be constructed. Standards for 3G networks-packet-switched wireless networks of up to 2-Mbps speeds that will be rolling out over the next several years-for example, mandate the use of IPv6 protocols. In addition, the expected launch of an IPv6-compliant release of the Microsoft Windows operating system late this year will serve as yet another significant driver. Unlike with IPv4, Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) client software is not necessary for dynamically allocating available user IP addresses in an IPv6 access network. In addition, ongoing IETF IPv6 development work will enable Service Providers to automatically and remotely configure an IP address on a customer's router, DSL modem, or cable modem. This capability slashes the time and expense associated with configuring CPE on a customer-by-customer basis. There are several ways IPv6 can be deployed to peacefully co-exist with IPv4 infrastructures. One bullet-proof scenario has been used for years on the experimental 6Bone, a constantly growing international IPv6 test bed. This approach is to first deploy IPv6 in edge routers and tunnel IPv6 packets over IPv4 or Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) backbones. This is a cost-effective option, in that existing IPv4/MPLS backbone services can be maintained while updating only part of the network, and existing IPv4 revenues are not put in jeopardy. CONFIGURATION CONSIDERATIONS IPv6 is available at no charge in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(1)T for the Cisco 800, 1400, 1600, 1700, 2500, 2600, 3600, 4500, 4700, 7100, 7200, and 7500 series routers, as well as the Cisco AS5300 and AS5400 universal access servers. To minimize the Service Provider learning curve, commands for configuring IPv6 in Cisco software are the same as those for IPv4. BENEFITS SUMMARY By configuring Cisco IOS IPv6 services, Service Providers can work with the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) and systems engineers to plan ahead for future scalability and IPv4-IPv6 integration. Service Providers, for example, might wish to become early IPv6 adopters to: * Learn about the IPv6 protocol set and train employees * Plan the IPv6 integration and its co-existence with IPv4 * Develop a deployment scenario FURTHER INFORMATION For more information on IPv6 other Cisco software capabilities, visit the following URLs: Cisco IPv6 Web Site: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/ipv6/ Cisco IOS IPv6 Statement of Direction http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/ipv6/ipv6_techdoc.shtml Internet Architecture Board: The Case for IPv6 http://www.6bone.net/misc/case-for-ipv6.html Cisco IOS Software Road Map http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/620/roadmap.shtml Beyond Basic IP Newsletter Archives http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/promotions/bbip/ You have been sent this message because you have indicated that you wish to receive e-mail updates on Cisco products and special offerings. If you would prefer not to receive Beyond Basic IP e-newsletter from Cisco in the future, please reply to this message with the word unsubscribe in the subject line. Copyright (c) 2001 Cisco Systems, Inc. You are subscribed as: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5602t=5602 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info:
RE: IPv^ info from Cisco [7:5602]
Time and effort, I would imagine. The expectation is that IPv6 will first be deployed by the major ISP's in their backbone. I don't know, but would imagine that the IETF has finalized their Ripv6 and BGPv6 standards already, which is why those are incorporated. Naw - I see that RFC 2740 is the OSPF standard. So it must just be an issue with priorities. http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/ipv6/ appears to be the link with the most Cisco specific information. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of John Neiberger Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 1:45 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: IPv^ info from Cisco [7:5602] It appears that for routing protocols Cisco has only implented RIPv6 and BGP for IPv6 in 12.2T. Is there any reason why they have chosen not to implement EIGRP for IPv6? It seems odd that in their first foray into IPv6 that they would exclude their own routing protocol of choice. John Chuck Larrieu 5/23/01 2:24:37 PM Just got this from Cisco, in case anyone is interested in Ipv6 -Original Message- From: Cisco Systems Inc [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 1:05 PM Subject:Cisco Beyond Basic IP Newsletter V2.21 IPv6 HELPS FUTURE-PROOF INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURES Going forward, scaling the Internet to new dimensions will include a worldwide requirement for a substantial increase in the volume of available IP addresses. The number of Internet-connected devices is proliferating rapidly. Mobile phone deployment, for example, is expected to reach more than 1 billion worldwide by 2005, and the majority of those phones will be Web-enabled. The construction of the world's 2.5G and 3G wireless networks alone, at some point, will drive the need for a dramatic increase in the pool of public IP addresses. In addition, the emergence of Internet appliances and home networks, along with the ramp-up of Internet connectivity in populous countries such as China, Russia, and India, will soon be significant contributors to the surge in IP address consumption. To future-proof Service Providers' Internet infrastructures, Cisco has made IP Version 6 (IPv6), as specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), available at no charge in its latest release of Cisco IOS(r) software for early adopters. Cisco is the first networking equipment vendor to implement IPv6 support across a wide array of routing platforms. TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND IPv6 extends the address space in an IP packet from 32 bits to 128 bits. This accommodates a much greater number of bit combinations, out of which IP addresses numbering into the trillions can be constructed. Standards for 3G networks-packet-switched wireless networks of up to 2-Mbps speeds that will be rolling out over the next several years-for example, mandate the use of IPv6 protocols. In addition, the expected launch of an IPv6-compliant release of the Microsoft Windows operating system late this year will serve as yet another significant driver. Unlike with IPv4, Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) client software is not necessary for dynamically allocating available user IP addresses in an IPv6 access network. In addition, ongoing IETF IPv6 development work will enable Service Providers to automatically and remotely configure an IP address on a customer's router, DSL modem, or cable modem. This capability slashes the time and expense associated with configuring CPE on a customer-by-customer basis. There are several ways IPv6 can be deployed to peacefully co-exist with IPv4 infrastructures. One bullet-proof scenario has been used for years on the experimental 6Bone, a constantly growing international IPv6 test bed. This approach is to first deploy IPv6 in edge routers and tunnel IPv6 packets over IPv4 or Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) backbones. This is a cost-effective option, in that existing IPv4/MPLS backbone services can be maintained while updating only part of the network, and existing IPv4 revenues are not put in jeopardy. CONFIGURATION CONSIDERATIONS IPv6 is available at no charge in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(1)T for the Cisco 800, 1400, 1600, 1700, 2500, 2600, 3600, 4500, 4700, 7100, 7200, and 7500 series routers, as well as the Cisco AS5300 and AS5400 universal access servers. To minimize the Service Provider learning curve, commands for configuring IPv6 in Cisco software are the same as those for IPv4. BENEFITS SUMMARY By configuring Cisco IOS IPv6 services, Service Providers can work with the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) and systems engineers to plan ahead for future scalability and IPv4-IPv6 integration. Service Providers, for example, might wish to become early IPv6 adopters to: * Learn about the IPv6 protocol set and train employees * Plan the IPv6 integration and its co-existence with IPv4 * Develop a deployment scenario FURTHER INFORMATION For more information on IPv6 other Cisco software capabilities, visit
RE: Books with product suggestions? [7:5568]
An interesting approach, if one can lay hands on it, is to be found in the Cisco Products quick Reference Guide, which for each of the Cisco product categories suggests appropriate situations for use, and competitor products the Cisco product competes with directly. Published semi-annually. There is a new one out, but Cisco has yet to mail me my copy. Maybe due to the cost of postage and their current financial situation? ;- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Howard C. Berkowitz Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 2:20 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: Books with product suggestions? [7:5568] Hello! I was wondering if anyone had run across a book that recommends products to use in certain situations? There seems to be so many solutions, and modules that you can add to each product, that I am confused about when you would want to take one route over another. For example, say the situation calls for the multiplexing of a few T1s. The book might say you can do this with this series of routers, just adding this module, and following these procedures: And it might say, you can also accomplish this by attaching this sort of equipment to a serial interface; however, there are some drawbacks and here is what they are: (Those examples are completely made up, and I don't know what I'm talking about!) I would hope to find something like this in a design book of somekind, but I haven't even looked at any. As with everything else, It Depends. In my own design books, I will often review the options in the kinds of boxes that you might interconnect for a given solution, but the rate of change of specific products is so fast that book publication time cycles are far too long to stay current. Not :-) like courseware such as CID, which for years had a Cisco ATM Products slide in which EVERY component had been discontinued, or, at the very least, superceded by one or two generations. FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5618t=5568 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: IPv^ info from Cisco [7:5602]
Is there something more recent than RFC 2740? Or earlier? The RIPngv6 RFC 2080 looks like it was completed two years earlier than OSPF. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Howard C. Berkowitz Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 2:26 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: IPv^ info from Cisco [7:5602] It appears that for routing protocols Cisco has only implented RIPv6 and BGP for IPv6 in 12.2T. Is there any reason why they have chosen not to implement EIGRP for IPv6? It seems odd that in their first foray into IPv6 that they would exclude their own routing protocol of choice. John Think about it. Aren't the early adopters for v6 likely to be interested in multivendor interoperability? Although I do hope to see OSPFv6 soon -- it has some backwards compatibility, and solves a number of OSPFv2 limitations. FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5620t=5602 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Books with product suggestions? [7:5568]
Last year the books were published in April and in August. I got mine as a perq for being in the consultants program. So far this year - no go. Even working for Cisco's largest gold partner in the US I can't seem to get Cisco to fork a copy over. Nice link, by the way. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Kevin Wigle Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 4:15 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: Books with product suggestions? [7:5568] but there is an on-line version also: http://www.cisco.com/warp/customer/752/qrg/ which requires a CCO login and: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/752/qrg/ which only let's you order the hard copy version. and it says that the English version is printed 3 times a year... What I find interesting is that it also points out what products the competitors have in the same category. Kevin Wigle - Original Message - From: Chuck Larrieu To: Sent: Wednesday, 23 May, 2001 17:41 Subject: RE: Books with product suggestions? [7:5568] An interesting approach, if one can lay hands on it, is to be found in the Cisco Products quick Reference Guide, which for each of the Cisco product categories suggests appropriate situations for use, and competitor products the Cisco product competes with directly. Published semi-annually. There is a new one out, but Cisco has yet to mail me my copy. Maybe due to the cost of postage and their current financial situation? ;- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Howard C. Berkowitz Sent: Wednesday, May 23, 2001 2:20 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Books with product suggestions? [7:5568] Hello! I was wondering if anyone had run across a book that recommends products to use in certain situations? There seems to be so many solutions, and modules that you can add to each product, that I am confused about when you would want to take one route over another. For example, say the situation calls for the multiplexing of a few T1s. The book might say you can do this with this series of routers, just adding this module, and following these procedures: And it might say, you can also accomplish this by attaching this sort of equipment to a serial interface; however, there are some drawbacks and here is what they are: (Those examples are completely made up, and I don't know what I'm talking about!) I would hope to find something like this in a design book of somekind, but I haven't even looked at any. As with everything else, It Depends. In my own design books, I will often review the options in the kinds of boxes that you might interconnect for a given solution, but the rate of change of specific products is so fast that book publication time cycles are far too long to stay current. Not :-) like courseware such as CID, which for years had a Cisco ATM Products slide in which EVERY component had been discontinued, or, at the very least, superceded by one or two generations. FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5650t=5568 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
ARP versus Proxy-arp [7:5664]
At the risk of becoming another Bob Vance.. I'm reading Doug Comer's TCP/IP reference, on the assumption that it can't hurt to really get into how TCP/IP works. Proxy-arp versus normal arp. A host does not know the physical address of another host so it sends out an ARP request. If the host in question lies on another network, a router responds to that request. Proxy ARP, correct? A host through it's TCP stack does the XOR and determines that a host lies on another network. The host therefore sends the packet to the device indicated as its default gateway in its configuration. It sends an ARP request for the MAC of the default gateway. Normal ARP? So in other words, proxy arp may be viewed as something of an obsolete protocol / operation in that most modern TCP stacks contain the mechanisms for doing the network XOR determination, and then using the default gateway. A modern stack would recognize that a host is on a different network and go the default gateway route, so to speak. In other words, the necessity for proxy arp is eliminated for the most part because of the default gateway concept and the modern TCP stack. Has it sunk through this thick head finally? PS Comer states that proxy arp is aka arp hack. :- Chuck One IOS to forward them all. One IOS to find them. One IOS to summarize them all And in the routing table bind them. -JRR Chambers- Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5664t=5664 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: how to enlarge Switching Backplane of 6509 [7:5487]
The easiest way would be to purchase two of the WS-C6500-SFM cards. These must be placed into slots 5 6, and provide the 256 gig backplane enhancement. Bookmark the following link. it is the Cisco public tool for equipment configuration. Does everything the partner tool does except give you list price. http://www.cisco.com/pcgi-bin/front.x/newConfig/config_root.pl Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of frank Sent: Tuesday, May 22, 2001 4:53 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:how to enlarge Switching Backplane of 6509 [7:5487] from 32G to 256G? Thanks Frank FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5492t=5487 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: how to enlarge Switching Backplane of 6509 [7:5487]
Takes two to get 256 Takes slots 5 6, making your 6509 a 6507 ;- Idle curiosity - why do you need a 256 gig back plane? Assuming all seven of the other slots each contain the 16 port Gig E blades, and each port was going full duplex, that comes out to 224 gigs, according to my fingers. Oh yeah, through in the two Gig E ports on the sup module, and that gets to 226. I am still trying to figure how you can move that much data, given the way networks normally work. ;- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of frank Sent: Tuesday, May 22, 2001 8:53 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: how to enlarge Switching Backplane of 6509 [7:5487] do i need one or two 128G Switch Fabric Module? dave mauro wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Don't expect to find this spelled out clearly anywhere on CCO, but to the best of my knowledge, you must have: 1. Supervisor Engine 2 (with PFC2) 2. MSFC2 3. 128G Switch Fabric Module 4. 16-port GE module (WS-X6516-GBIC or WS-X6816-GBIC) 5. Distributed Forwarding Card (DFC) Until recently this last piece has not been available... Search CCO for details on these fine products. Bring your wallet. Dave On Tue, 22 May 2001, frank wrote: from 32G to 256G? Thanks Frank FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5511t=5487 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: b**** tests [7:5194]
Clarification on the filtering - if the message text contains boson.com the filter catches it and places the message into the moderator box. Your friendly list moderator then reads the messages, makes the value judgement as to whether this is a marketing message, or just a general interest message, and passes or deletes the message accordingly. Yes this is a bit arbitrary. It is also a bit funny. For example, in response to a recent spam from a teen sex site, messages that contain the word teen are now flagged. Be careful using words like sixteen :- I am not sure if forbidden words in subject lines cause flagging. I'll pay more attention next time I look. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of John Andrews Sent: Sunday, May 20, 2001 1:35 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:b tests [7:5194] First of all: I worded the subject space that way because I was unsure if the word B is banned here or not, so that was to be on the safe side so this would go through to the group. My question: Are the above tests for switching close to the exam type questions that appear on the prometric. I have both switching exams and have been using them for practice examinations. Comments appreciated.. John Andrews Have a great day! John Andrews FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5320t=5194 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Windows 2000 Server Architechture/ Data Organization [7:5334]
Interesting question. Right up the alley for all us designers and designer wannabe's. First of all, and presuming you meant fool proof plan keep in mind that there is no such thing as fool proof. A fool can screw up anything! Secondly, while number of users is one factor, the applications and services used by those users is every bit as important. Are people doing collaborative sharing of CAD-CAM drawings ( lots of network strain ) or clerical work ( mostly invoices, letters, etc ) and perhaps less network strain? Exchange can be resource intensive, but on the other hand, one server can support thousands of users, so maybe exchange can be collocated with some of your other services? DHCP is in general fairly benign as a resource user, especially for so few users, as an example. I know of several small client shops where their e-mail, DNS, and proxy are all run on a single box. Organization of user data and shares? I can guarantee that no ma what scheme you come up with, there will be those who don't fit your pattern, and as a result will require exceptions to the rules you determine. For example, when I worked in brokerage, the rule was that no broker was permitted to see another broker's files. However, brokers often shared sales assistants, who did have to see files for multiple brokers. Then one day broker Joe and broker Mary would get together on a project or work a deal to share their business, and now both need to see each other's stuff. Or worse, they would need to see some things and not others. Rhyme and reason went to hell real fast. IIS - for e-commerce? How much traffic? Security issues? I think in general I'd want that box to be self contained, and in my DMZ with some hard and fast firewall rules. For internal use only? Again, depends on usage. But it might be shared with other services, especially if it is serving up SQL based information. I hope this is giving you an idea of how best to approach this. To quote a sage who graces this group from time to time, think in terms of Top Down Network Design. It makes it a lot easier to come up with a plan. Best wishes. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Kevin O'Gilvie Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 12:10 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Windows 2000 Server Architechture/ Data Organization [7:5310] Hi Everyone, I am in the process of reorginizing this my network, Prior to me everything was just put everywhere and I need to come up with a full proof plan. My questions are: -For a 60 user enviorment how many servers do I need to run Active Directory on, Should AD be on a dedicated box? -How should I organize data, (users / corp data/ Fin Data) What restrictions should I put on these shares? -DNS, Wins, DHCP, Exchange, SQL, IIS5, Inoculate, Backup Exec, Print Services, What should be on dedicated boxes what shouldnt? TIA, Kevin _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5334t=5334 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Windows 2000 Server Architechture/ Data Organization [7:5343]
I thought a peer was someplace one went to fish or launch boats. My brother does a lot of networking at the local peer. Or maybe it's the name of a ballet? Peer Gynt? Isn't two of something a peer? Something I never see, which is why my friends like playing poker with me ( ok, that's really stretching the pun. Sorry ) Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Donald B Johnson jr Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 1:59 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: Windows 2000 Server Architechture/ Data Organization [7:5337] peer n 1: a person who is of equal standing with another in a group [syn: equal, match, compeer] 2: (British) a nobleman (duke or marquis or earl or viscount or baron) who is a member of the British peerage v : look searchingly; We peered into the back of the shop to see whether a salesman was around Source: WordNet . 1.6, ) 1997 Princeton University so when you say peer do you mean someone who is in equal standing that asks microsoft questions on the cisco cert site -- peer n 1 -- or are you talking about Count Chocula for all your Microsoft needs. -- peer n 2 -- See I knew I'd get a Quasi-flame. - Original Message - From: Kevin O'Gilvie To: ; Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 12:59 PM Subject: Re: Windows 2000 Server Architechture/ Data Organization [7:5310] Donald, Sorry I wasnt kidding, maybe I am just not as advanced as you and look to learn from taking advice from peers. Am I wrong for that. Stupid me.. Kevin From: Donald B Johnson jr To: Kevin O'Gilvie , Subject: Re: Windows 2000 Server Architechture/ Data Organization [7:5310] Date: Mon, 21 May 2001 15:49:20 -0700 (Kevin) Your kidding right, that was hillarious!!! Personally I don't think IIS5 should be on a dedicated box, instead it should be Apache on a E250 minimum. (Group)I was trying to be quiet for a few days with all this anti- (Quasi)flame rhetoric goin-on. Please forgive me, my new leaf just floated away, hope I'm not using too much bandwidth though. Previous scolders need not reply. Don - Original Message - From: Kevin O'Gilvie To: Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 12:10 PM Subject: Windows 2000 Server Architechture/ Data Organization [7:5310] Hi Everyone, I am in the process of reorginizing this my network, Prior to me everything was just put everywhere and I need to come up with a full proof plan. My questions are: -For a 60 user enviorment how many servers do I need to run Active Directory on, Should AD be on a dedicated box? -How should I organize data, (users / corp data/ Fin Data) What restrictions should I put on these shares? -DNS, Wins, DHCP, Exchange, SQL, IIS5, Inoculate, Backup Exec, Print Services, What should be on dedicated boxes what shouldnt? TIA, Kevin _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5343t=5343 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: PIX question... [7:5248]
I believe you may create a static nat to an inside address, and so long as your access-lists permit, you can telnet to the outside address of that static nat to an inside device. From there you can telnet back into the pix box. Public_sidePIX--inside_network Public_IPprivate_ip Static_nat Can't find my reference configs, but if memory serves, I used to do that, before I got religion about security. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of syson Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 5:14 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: PIX question... [7:5248] hi Rizzo! You can not even telnet into your PIx from the outside interface, nor you can telnet into it without VPN or SSH. Making the PIX work the way you want (in contrary to the usual way of NATing high security to Low security) won't work; It's how PIXs are made can not be modified to suite every needs. You might be looking at other routers to get your idea to work . but not PIX. Any ideas, suggestions, corrects comments; I would like to hear from you guys! Syson Suy If Life is a Game, These are the Rules: Experience is a hard teacher. She give the test first and the lessons afterwards. - Original Message - From: Richie, Nathan To: Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 5:05 PM Subject: RE: PIX question... [7:5248] I beg to differ. I do not believe this can be done. When the PIX translates (either dynamically or statically), it takes a private IP address (inside interface) and translates it to a Public IP address (outside). Then the outside interface will process ALL packets for that Public IP address and direct them to the internal source (private IP address). So if you have a static NAT, say for like this static (inside, outside) 99.99.99.99 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 and on the router you have assigned the 99.99.99.99 to the dialup user, then you have 2 devices on the LAN that are assigned the 99.99.99.99 address (the router and the PIX) You translate an IP address from a more secure network to the less secure network, in this case from the inside network to the outside network. So you would have to reverse the security settings, effectively opening up your LAN to the world. You could do a couple of other solutions: 1) VPN between router PIX 2) Terminate clients inside the PIX 3) Create an IP pool on the router and allow full access with an access-list (for this range of IP addresses) on the outside interface of the PIX. This is my understanding of how the PIX and NAT translations work, but I have not tested this to disprove it, so if I am in error and some has tested this and I am wrong, please let me know. Hope this helps. Nathan -Original Message- From: Darren Crawford [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 4:01 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: PIX question... [7:5248] OK kids. Allowing packets from a lower security level interface to a higher security level interface requires a conduit or access list. So yes, it can be done. I wouldn't forget about security though. ;^) D. At 01:50 PM 05/21/2001 -0400, Rizzo Damian wrote: Actually it seems as if you understand exactly what I'm asking. Your idea is very similar to mine. However it didn't work unfortunately. Let me ask this another way, if you don't mind...You have an internet router which is directly connected to the external (un-trusted) interface of your PIX firewall. Basically I want to be able to access my internal LAN with private IP addresses from the Internet router with Public IP addresses. So I should be able to telnet onto my internet router and ping my privately held LAN. Forget about Security, I just want to know if it can be done. The static mapping doesn't seem to work. Probably because it require a one-to-one mapping no? Thanks for any help in advance! -Rizzo -Original Message- From: Craig Columbus [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 1:12 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: PIX question... [7:5248] I'm not clear on what you're asking. Are you asking if the PIX can take a public IP and make it appear as a private IP on the internal network? The answer is yes, although you certainly want to be careful with this and I can't say that this is a recommended config. You'll need a config similar to the one below: nat (outside) 1 0 0 static (inside,outside) netmask 255.255.255.255 access-list permit ip any host For more info, reference http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/iaabu/pix/pix_v52/config/ex a mples.htm#xtocid274896 Thanks, Craig At 12:14 PM 5/21/2001 -0400, you wrote: We are aware of the VPN solution and that is our long term goal. However, for the moment, all I need to know is if it is possible to NAT from an outside (not trusted) interface to an inside (trusted)
RE: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207]
Use the search string isis ( no dash ) From my own limited studies: IS-IS tends to treat level-1 areas as stub networks - therefore smaller routing tables IS-IS sure looks a lot chattier than OSPF. Debug ISIS adjacency reveals a LOT of traffic generated just by the protocol keepalives The killer in OSPF is the SPF algorithm, and the related processor intensive activity It has less to do with size of routing tables. IS-IS tends to be more efficient than Ospf in that it is not beholden to the area 0 concept and the necessity for all inter area traffic to go through area 0. BTW, I have been told by folks who work in really big networks that none of the routing protocols scale beyond 4-5K routers. As an interesting aside, a few weeks ago on NANOG there was a discussion about the largest RIPv1 network in existence. It was revealed that until a year or two ago, Xerox used RIPv1 and had a few thousand routers running RIPv1 on the network. I'm sure someone will correct any of my mistaken impressions. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Curtis Rose Sent: Sunday, May 20, 2001 9:36 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207] I still can not leave that question alone. It is a good question. Why is IS-IS for large networks? The why is the key. http://www.juniper.net/techcenter/techpapers/23-02.html .Design for Scalability Scalability is concerned with the ability of the implementation to grow with the ever-expanding network environment. There are a number of factors that play a key role in determining the scalability of a routing protocol implementation: ' Maximum number of interfaces supported ' Speed of a routing table search ' Maximum number of routes that can be stored in the routing table ' Maximum number of OSPF or IS-IS adjacencies or BGP peers that can be supported on each router ' Maximum number of OSPF LSAs or IS-IS LSPs that can be stored in the router's link-state database ' Ability of the policy control language to permit administrators to easily and efficiently control the import, export, and modification of an enormous amount of routing information http://www.nortelnetworks.com/index.html Type IS-IS and they have a great PDF on the protocol. http://www-search.cisco.com/pcgi-bin/search/public.pl?q=OSPF+vs+IS-ISnum=10 searchselector=0 My search on Cisco I noticed Cisco will compare OSPF with RIP or EIGRP but not IS-IS I wonder why?? I can not find anything on IS-IS perhaps I am not using the correct string when looking on Cisco.. I notice with Nortel and Juniper I had no issues finding something on it. Curtis - Original Message - From: Curtis Rose To: Sent: Sunday, May 20, 2001 11:20 PM Subject: Re: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207] Good Question! I have read that IS-IS can accept more nodes than OSPF. Yet, I find that Juniper is pushing IS-IS and the US Govt has some networks on IS-IS. Black in the IP Routing Protocols basically states it is an IP Protocol but is not used in the internet or much elsewhere for that matter. In Priscilla's Top-Down Network Design book on page 236 shows the scalability of OSPF to about 50 routers per area and about 100 areas and the IS-IS 1,000s of routers. In Sam Halabi's book Internet Routing Architectures on page 100 .Today, both IS-IS and OSPF are widely deployed in ISP Networks. The maturity and stability of IS-IS has resulted in it remaining deployed in large networks, as well as its being the IGP of choice for some recently deployed networks. In Catherine Paquet and Diane Teare's book Building Scalable Cisco Networks on page 23 is a Table comparing OSPF, IS-IS and EIGRP. Basically IS-IS wins out for Scalability. Sorry I can not be of more help. Curtis Curtis Rose - Original Message - From: NRF To: Sent: Sunday, May 20, 2001 10:24 PM Subject: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207] Hello Several people have asserted that IS-IS (for IP) has demonstrated more scalability than OSPF. What accounts for this? I have heard that it has to do with IS-IS being able to take advantage of Partial-route Updates when IP information changes, as opposed to running Dijkstra all the time, is that the only factor, or are there other reasons? Thanx FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5356t=5207 -- FAQ, list
RE: How to Multiplex 3 T1s [7:4625]
In your particular case, due to the existing T1 ports on the 7206, I would guess at PPP multilink is the most cost effective way to go. But just FYI, you can put an IMA device (either a card in a Cisco router, or an external box such as Adtrans or a number of other vendors sell) and multiplex those T1 lines even if they are not native ATM - provided the endpoints of all the T1's are at the same two locations. If you use an external device, the handoff to the router is HSSI. Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Al Smith Sent: Tuesday, May 15, 2001 5:57 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:How to Multiplex 3 T1s [7:4625] Colleagues, I am currently trying to multiplex / bind 3 parallel T1 clear channel circuits. The circuits will be terminating on a 7206 router on an 8 port multi channel T1 card. My question is how do I bind the 3 T1s together to get the total aggregate bandwidth of 3 T1s. I have only found info on Inverse multiplexing for ATM which is not what I am trying to achieve. what I have is strictly 3 Point to Point T1 circuits using PPP. Albert Smith Lucent Technologies System Engineer, CCNP MCSE FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5358t=4625 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207]
I rechecked the NANOG archive, and I believe you are correct. It was several thousand nodes. As to the number of routers theoretically possible in a RIP domain, you might be surprised if you were to think through the math. Take a router. Connect ten routers. Connect ten routers to each of those ten. You can do this seven times, and the max distance from any router on the periphery to any other router on the periphery is 15 hops - seven in and seven out again. 10^7 = 10,000,000 if that center router began with 100 directly connected routers, the number grows astronomically, and yet the max diameter would remain 15 hops. the real restraint would be the ability of the router to hold a routing table that big. Along with the problem of convergence. Even if there were no network problems ever, I bet that sucker would take forever to converge! Literally! Chuck -Original Message- From: Curtis Call [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 6:38 PM To: Chuck Larrieu Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207] BTW, I have been told by folks who work in really big networks that none of the routing protocols scale beyond 4-5K routers. As an interesting aside, a few weeks ago on NANOG there was a discussion about the largest RIPv1 network in existence. It was revealed that until a year or two ago, Xerox used RIPv1 and had a few thousand routers running RIPv1 on the network. I believe that the RIP network you are referring to had a few thousand nodes, not a few thousand routers. I doubt a few thousand routers could handle RIPs max 15 hop limitation. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5375t=5207 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Windows as DHCP client? [7:5374]
If you are able to configure an IP address on a Windoze machine, you should be able to figure out how to make it a DHCP client quite easily. ;- Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Armando M. Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 9:25 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Windows as DHCP client? [7:5374] How I do to configure a Windows as DHCP client? using a DHCP server router. thanks, FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5377t=5374 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207]
-Original Message- From: Curtis Call [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 9:28 PM To: Chuck Larrieu Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207] That's true, I didn't bother to try the math at all but it would be possible. However the thought of having thousands of routers connected within 15 hops running RIP makes me somewhat queasy :-) CL: Creating such a thing would be an interesting, if pointless, academic exercise:- it does lead to the question about the value of the max net diameter of (E)IGRP. Consider that one can get from any place in the world to any other place in the world in fewer than 32 hops on the internet. Now tell me again why one needs a max net diameter of 100, let alone 255? At 10:18 PM 5/21/01, you wrote: I rechecked the NANOG archive, and I believe you are correct. It was several thousand nodes. As to the number of routers theoretically possible in a RIP domain, you might be surprised if you were to think through the math. Take a router. Connect ten routers. Connect ten routers to each of those ten. You can do this seven times, and the max distance from any router on the periphery to any other router on the periphery is 15 hops - seven in and seven out again. 10^7 = 10,000,000 if that center router began with 100 directly connected routers, the number grows astronomically, and yet the max diameter would remain 15 hops. the real restraint would be the ability of the router to hold a routing table that big. Along with the problem of convergence. Even if there were no network problems ever, I bet that sucker would take forever to converge! Literally! Chuck -Original Message- From: Curtis Call [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 6:38 PM To: Chuck Larrieu Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207] BTW, I have been told by folks who work in really big networks that none of the routing protocols scale beyond 4-5K routers. As an interesting aside, a few weeks ago on NANOG there was a discussion about the largest RIPv1 network in existence. It was revealed that until a year or two ago, Xerox used RIPv1 and had a few thousand routers running RIPv1 on the network. I believe that the RIP network you are referring to had a few thousand nodes, not a few thousand routers. I doubt a few thousand routers could handle RIPs max 15 hop limitation. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5381t=5207 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207]
Think OC192 ;- -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Andras Bellak Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 10:01 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207] Anybody want to guess the amount of bandwidth the updates would take (my email is running really slow today) andras -Original Message- From: Chuck Larrieu [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 9:33 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207] I rechecked the NANOG archive, and I believe you are correct. It was several thousand nodes. As to the number of routers theoretically possible in a RIP domain, you might be surprised if you were to think through the math. Take a router. Connect ten routers. Connect ten routers to each of those ten. You can do this seven times, and the max distance from any router on the periphery to any other router on the periphery is 15 hops - seven in and seven out again. 10^7 = 10,000,000 if that center router began with 100 directly connected routers, the number grows astronomically, and yet the max diameter would remain 15 hops. the real restraint would be the ability of the router to hold a routing table that big. Along with the problem of convergence. Even if there were no network problems ever, I bet that sucker would take forever to converge! Literally! Chuck -Original Message- From: Curtis Call [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 6:38 PM To: Chuck Larrieu Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: How is IS-IS more scalable than OSPF? [7:5207] BTW, I have been told by folks who work in really big networks that none of the routing protocols scale beyond 4-5K routers. As an interesting aside, a few weeks ago on NANOG there was a discussion about the largest RIPv1 network in existence. It was revealed that until a year or two ago, Xerox used RIPv1 and had a few thousand routers running RIPv1 on the network. I believe that the RIP network you are referring to had a few thousand nodes, not a few thousand routers. I doubt a few thousand routers could handle RIPs max 15 hop limitation. FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=5382t=5207 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: hi [7:4536]
All right... That does it! I am the only one on the list allowed to use this theme. Chuck -- I am Locutus, a CCIE Lab Proctor. Xx_Brain_dumps_xX are futile. Your life as it has been is over ( if you hope to pass ) From this time forward, you will study US! www.chuck.to/Locutus.hml -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Natasha Sent: Tuesday, May 15, 2001 9:25 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: hi [7:4536] Hello new, We are the Borg. you will be assimilated, resistance is futile. Have a nice day! ;-) David Wong wrote: Hello gang, I am new. jc2 FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Natasha Flazynski CCNA, MCSE http://www.ciscobot.com My Cisco information site. http://www.botbuilders.com Artificial Intelligence and Linux development FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=4573t=4536 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Frame-Relay Sub interface question [7:4432]
If I were to guess, I would say that the telco is pitching an all frame relay solution as a way to keep costs down, telling the customer he can terminate everything on a single router. there is always the question about the wisdom of terminating an internet connection on the same router that connects all parts of your inside network Chuck -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of Munoz, Michael Sent: Monday, May 14, 2001 1:21 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: Frame-Relay Sub interface question [7:4432] All you should really need from the carrier is the pvc information, and even then you should be able to see the local dlci's with inverse arp.. You will also want to know the LMI type, we always use ANSI unless specifically requested. Some of you may think that the new version of Cisco IOS detects the LMI type automatically but I have seen this not happen on more then on occasion! Also, configuring your dlci for IETF is only when you are connecting a cisco router on one end of the circuit and some other vendor's router on the other end. It doesn't matter what the Frame Relay switches are. I'm also wondering about you using Frame Relay to access the internet and not HDLC but that was not your question... Here is more info about configuring frame relay from Cisco: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios120/12cgcr/wan_c /wcfrelay.htm Thanks, Mike Munoz -Original Message- From: Jason Roysdon [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, May 14, 2001 3:50 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Frame-Relay Sub interface question [7:4432] Nope. You'll have your DLCI's anyway, and that's really it. You could ask them if they've got Cisco FR switches at both ends so you know if you need to configure 'encap frame IETF' or can leave it to the default using Cisco FR encapsulation (allows for more options, especially with VoIP/FR), but that won't really affect a simple FR Data network. -- Jason Roysdon, CCNP+Security/CCDP, MCSE, CNA, Network+, A+ List email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Homepage: http://jason.artoo.net/ Richie, Nathan wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... I want to connect 2 remote sites to a corporate site with Frame-relay links and the corporate site to the Internet with a Frame-relay link. My question is this: Do I need anything from the carrier (or does the carrier need to configure anything) to utilize sub-interfaces? Thanks, Nathan FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7i=4459t=4432 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
