If you are looking at Cisco IP phones, I would recommend replacing all the
Cat2950's with Cat3524-PWR. It's cheaper and easier to manage the phones
when they get power from the switch, than buying and maintaining a power
brick for each phone. This, of course, assumes enterprise-wide deployment
The difference is this: Voice over IP means just that, voice packetized to
run over IP. This could be an IP phone, or an analog phone connected to an
FXS port on a router, or even two voice gateways that provide toll bypass
between 2 geographically seperate traditional PBX's. THe only defining
I would say go CVoice, CIPT, DQoS. Save the QoS test for last because it is
a mother of a test. CVoice was harder than I thought it was going to be,
but I thought it was going to be very easy. All in all, it's not a real
tough test. The CIPT seemed to be more product knowlegde than technical
It just copies the UDP broadcast packets to all address specified. So you
could put in a second DHCP server. Any DHCP request would be sent to both
servers. Both would respond and the client would select which one to take.
Message Posted at:
Is look at the traffic and figure out what it is and if it's necessary. 3
mbs is some serious bandwidth for one spoke site. Is it database lookups on
some apps? Perhaps it makes sense to put a database in the remote site and
synchronize. Voice/video traffic? make sure your QoS infrastructure
The problem is you cannot assign the same IP addresses to mulitple
interfaces, especially on the same router. From what I'm reading, you are
trying to assign a /29 (let's say 209.98.10.160/29, which allows for
addresses .161-.166) and a /30 from that same range (like 209.98.10.164/30,
which
You need a T1 CSU/DSU to translate from the T1 to the serial. In T1, you
only have 2 pair, 2 wire Tx, 2 wire Rx. In serial, you will have alot more
pairs, which means some pairs can be used for control. That's what the DCD,
DSR, DTR, RTS, and CTS are. They are individual wires (5 wires) that
Switches don't give a fig about ip addresses and don't store them in any
tables. Your sho arp command will only show ip addresses that the
management interface has accessed; i.e. pc's from which you have telneted to
the switch, hosts you have pinged from the switch CLI, etc. All the switch
First of all, what revision are you trying to install? Second, are you
attempting to install from CD or from a file? If you are using a CD, are
you trying to boot from it?
As I understand it, the CallManager installation itself should work fine
(post 3.1.0), but you will run into problems
To access one VLAN from another, you need to use a router. Even if both
VLANS are on the same switch, without a layer 3 device (a router), you will
not be able to access one from the other. Also, the router needs to be
either trunked to the switch or have multiple connections to the switch (or
I have a co-worker who has taken and past this exam, both the old online
version and the proctored one. If I remember correctly (He's not in the
office today), the online version was a cake walk, one small step above a
sales exam. The proctored one, however, scared him. He was expected
You are saying that this configuration doesn't work? Nothing seems amiss.
Are you sure the interfaces are up and working? Clockrate and all. Are the
routes not getting in the routing table? A show ip route would help.
Message Posted at:
CallManager 3.1 and higher is certified on Compaq DL320, DL380, and IBM
series 340, for sure. I assume that DL360, also, although I have no
first-hand knowledge of that, and I beleive some HP server (I think even a
Dell). These are just the servers that are supported using the Sperion
Blast it, I keep forgetting the n't. That is wouldN'T install any other
apps on the CallManager server, either. I hope that was self-evident.
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You'll need something with T1 and E1 interfaces. I can't imagine what could
possibly convert T1 to E1 without terminating both. Depending on what you
want to do, I would recommend a cheap 4000 (if you can find one on E-bay) or
a VIC-2T1.
Message Posted at:
Should work fine. Although, come to think of it, I've never worked with
inbound BRI. You should just need to setup dial peers and call legs. This
is a good primer on call legs if you have no idea what I'm talking about.
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/788/voip/dialpeer_call_leg.html
I was suprised to hear that the 2500 series didn't support xmodem, but looks
like that's true.
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/130/rommon_boot_image.html
Note where it says: If your router has no valid image in Flash or Bootflash,
and no other ROMmon upgrade procedure, the only way to recover
First of all, if you feel you need routing at gigabit-speeds, you probably
need layer 3 switching. A Cat 4000 or 6500 with an RSM would do nicely. Of
course, if this is anything but on paper, you've probably priced yourself
out of the market.
As for the GBIC question... Are you talking about
The T1 IMA card was tricky for me when I set it up. I ended up calling
Cisco TAC. They have access to a compatability matrix that I,
unfortunately, have not been able to find anywhere. Just tell them what
modules you have and they will tell you the minimuim revision you need. I
also do not
Well, we haven't talked to Cisco about this. Somehow, and we aren't sure
how, someone got the password to a Unity mailbox that was never assigned to
a person (for administrative use only) and should have been locked. Once
they had this, they could simply dial into any voice mailbox, opt out to
Trick is you will have to deal with the timeout problem with your current
layout. Because all your Pleasanton extensions start with 6, and your RTP
numbers start with 6, the CCM can't tell from the first button how many
digits to expect. It would work better if you have an escape key for
We have been experiencing some toll fraud with our CallManager / Unity
system. Thanks to CCM traces we were able to find out exactly how they were
getting in. However, we still don't know who they are. The ANI on the
incoming calls was blocked (suprise suprise). What I'm wondering if there
is
The question is how would the router know the host is down without some sort
of heartbeat.
My next question, and this shows my shallow knowledge of PBR, but can the
next-hop be a non-local address? For instance, can router 1 which is
connected to subnets A and B use a host on subnet C as a
That is a marketing issue, not a technical one. The people who work with
switches everyday understand that when you are talking about full-duplex
bandwidth, it's split between up and down. It's up to us to educate the
decision-makers and end-users, rather than muddle with the marketese.
The best practice is, if you know Perl or some other scripting language (and
I don't BTW, at least not well enough) is to put together a script that will
take as input the existing enterprise-wide router password and a new
password and the script can telnet to each router, login and change the
That NYC was in the Alpha Quadrant in subnebular terrian. But maybe I'm
wrong.
I'm sure it's just TAC's boilerplate excuse when no other culprit can be
found, like gremlins in WW2 bombers.
Message Posted at:
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The error says the source and destination are the same. Since the source
and destination ip addresses are obviously different, I would guess the
complaint is that the last-hop and next-hop gateways are the same. The IDS
is complaining because some packets are trying to hairpin in your router.
The DHCP server doesn't read the actually MAC address of the client PC. The
DHCP client builds a DHCP request packet that includes the client's MAC
address. The DHCP relay just passes that packet to the DHCP server, along
with additional information (such as what subnet the request is coming
Just turn on IPX routing and IPX RIP and everything will work itself out :)
(Boy, I'm glad I'm not you. How'd you get roped into a project without
knowledge of the technology and without the time to learn?)
Message Posted at:
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The question is why would you need to do that. I can see that as a question
on the written, but I doubt the lab will require something so theoritcial.
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That config is taken verbatim from CCO. The problem has to be elsewhere.
Can you explain what exactly you are doing and how you know it's not
working? What, for instance, do you get from the show ip nat translation
command?
Message Posted at:
The frame relay line from your location connect directly to a frame relay
switch, which switches frames (go figure) between connections. In practice,
it's a lot like a huge VTP domain. Say you have sites A and B, with a PVC
between them. You have a dedicated connection from each site to the
Aside from security concerns, the only advantage you get from spliting the
network with a router, *in a switched environment*, is broadcast control.
Now broadcast control is a good thing, in some cases, but if you are just
running IP without any broadcast intensive applications, you shouldn't
I don't know the situation, but I would suspect a bug of the human vareity
there. Is it possible someone is tampering with your system? And the IP
address, does it come from a DHCP scope on the network?
Message Posted at:
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For something that big, you need something in the 7000+ range. A 7500 could
handle it. I'm not *vary* familar with the 7x00 series routers, but I know
ithey can handle that level of connection.
Message Posted at:
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Sure, it's retransmit if there's a collision. Cut-through switching will
begin forwarding as soon as the MAC is read, but it must still keep a copy
in memory in case of collision. I guess I don't know for certain, but I
would assume...
Message Posted at:
The only issue I can think of in dot1q vs ISL is the native vlan. If the
native vlan is set to something other than default (which is Vlan1) on one
end of the trunk, and not on the other, then the 2 routers would not be on
the same subnet and would behave the way you describe. One way to check
OK, if you don't have IP Phones, I assume that means you don't have
CallManager. The question then is what are you using for a PBX. The
easiest place to pull that information is from the phone switch. I haven't
seen that information being collected at the voice gateway.
Message Posted at:
I'm not sure what you mean by implementing migrating. The cammand that
you mentioned is a easy efficient access-list alternative. Essentially it
tells the router to drop all packets destined for the specified network.
It's easier to setup than an access-list, and more efficent in terms of
How is that different than IPX? It seems if you are going to increase the
size of the address enough to include the MAC address, assigning a unique
(whether locally or globally) become trivial. After all, MAC addresses are,
in thoery, globally unique. Then the only question is routability,
I agree. Are you terminiating the tunnel on gw1.bne? Or do you have
another route from gw1.bne2 to gw1.bne? Becuase it looks like gw1.bne is
learning it's route directly from gw1.bne2. If you could include the config
from gw1.bne, it would help.
Message Posted at:
It definitely possible to run a phone survey with IPIVR and CallManger.
Right now, IPIVR cannot record speech (that'll be next version, I beleive)
and converting that speech to text and storing it a database would be around
the next corner. But for caller entered digits (ie touchtones), and
It's because you are running NAT overloaded. It assumes that all traffic it
receives on the dialer interface is destined for a machine on the inside and
not for itself. Since there is no static mapping, and no dynamic mapping
for telnet, it is refused. That is assuming you are coming in over
Oh, how rude of me. I explained the problem without offering a solution.
The easiest (and least likely, considering it appears to be residencial DSL)
is multiple IP addresses. A secondary address that is not a part of the NAT
pool could be addressed from the outside. The next easiest (I
Sure, it's called NAT. I think that's the only way you can do what you wnat
it to do.
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First of all, this won't work, unless you have the 198.x.x.x subnet setup as
a secondary address on the serial interface of the 1720. The global address
have to be available to the outside interface of the NAT router. If you
have those addresses available, then, yes, it is possible. I will
OK, if we assume that the ISP has also assigned 198.x.x.4/30 to this client
and has the apropriate routing in place...
ip nat inside source list 1 interface serial 0 overload
ip nat inside source static 192.168.10.5 198.0.0.5
interface e0
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
I don't have a definitive answer, but there are facts that come into play
that you haven't revealed. First of all, there is no definitive answer.
What you are looking for is a Yeah, it'll work fine or a You'll run into
serious problems. That depends alot on what you're doing with the line and
Cisco syslog can be directed at *any* syslog deamon. NT and *nix come with
syslog deamons, but you can add one to other OSes, too. I did a quick look
on Tucows and found one that will run on XP. You can check it out at
http://www.kiwisyslog.com/products.htm. And it's freeware. (Note: I
I agree with Sam. You can (and should) limit access as much as possible; if
server A needs TCP port 100 open, then TCP port 100 should *only* be open to
server A's ip address. That way, the only packets that get it will be
dropped into the waiting arms of your vendors program. And if there's a
You can use QoS to prioritize traffic outbound, but unless you have control
of both ends (you made it sound like this is a connection to an ISP), you
can't prioritize traffic inbound. Sure, you could setup traffic shaping on
the inbound connection, but that would just be closing the barn doors
First off, you caught a typo. That should have been 198.x.x.5, not
192.x.x.5. Secondly, going back to your first reposte... from your original
post, it was not clear that the 198.x.x.x was being routed to you from the
ISP. Ideally, you would have a /248 address space from the ISP, so you can
Naturally, queuing on the Fa interface will only limit traffic on the Fa int
and not the IMA. The problem is queuing only effects outgoing traffic on an
interface. Incoming traffic doesn't get queued (at least not for any
discernable amount of time. Now if the Fa interface were to be connected
In 802.1Q trunking, the native vlan is not tagged. Only non-native VLANs
are tagged. This allows you to connect a non-trunk device into a dot1q
trunk port and still function properly on the native VLAN. Other than that,
it does not serve a function. Yes, it must match on both sides of a
Sounds to me like DTMF relay isn't set up on one side. Or setup wrong.
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If alien crosstalk is an issue in any cabling, it would come up in 802.3af
before you ever saw it in 802.3ab. 48 volts will cause alot more noise than
5 volts (Is that the voltage for standard 802.3?). I've seen bundles of 20+
cat 5 ethernet running 802.3af without seeing problems. My guess
Vlan trunking requires a fast ethernet connection. It cannot be trunked
with a 261X. You'd need a 262X.
If you have to deal with a 2611, your options become much more limited. You
could replace the 2611 with a 2620. Or you could get a ethernet module for
the 2611. Unfortunately, last time I
If you are asking if you can have one public IP address for two internal web
servers, the answer is no. At least not with Cisco equipment. That would
require a layer 4 NAT server. Cisco NAT only operates at layer 3. That
means the only thing that Cisco NAT will look at is IP address and port.
Depends on how deep you want to go...
Syngress' Configuring Cisco Voice over IP is a good start, if a little old
(2000).
If you are coming from the data side, The Essential Guide to
Telecommunications by Dodd is a good primer on how the PSTN works.
For the hard-core, Cisco Press has Cisco
It's a kludge but it would work. What Jim is saying is put 2 logical subnet
onto 1 vlan. With a switch, it wouldn't really be that bad. The two
logical networks would share broadcast traffic, but that should cause any
problems.
Message Posted at:
I have seen problems similar to this, but that was with supervised
transfers... I don't have an immediate suggestion, but I'm pretty sure the
problem is on the voice gateway. Somehow, the voice gateway isn't
registering the fact that the PSTN call hung up. Also, I've never worked
with FXO so
OK, so at least 3/4 of the response to this question say the exact same
thing. Or at least hint at it. (It doesn't make sense to me to take the
time to answers someones question and do it with 2 words. vlans while
correct is not, by itself, an answer.) My point is the redundancy. Do
some
I would imagine that if some clients are receiving addresses on the subnet
and the printers are not, that the problem is with the printers. The
router's helper address cannot filter certain requests from others becuase
the devices do not have layer 3 addresses to filter on. I would try to
Everything Brian said is correct. The practical difference is the vlan
tagging. Frames are tagged on a trunk based on what vlan they belong on.
Frames are not tagged on a SPAN port because it is not intended to be split
back into vlans.
Message Posted at:
T-1 is the layer 1 standard. ISDN PRI uses T-1 for layer 1 connectivity.
Therefore, whenever you say ISDN PRI, you are referring to T-1. However,
not all T-1's are ISDN PRI.
The other T-1 is referred to as CAS, channel associated signaling and, as
far as I know, is only used for voice. It
The WIC slots on the VG200 are vesidual. They are only there because the
chassis is taken from the 2600 series. These WIC slots are not functional
and no WIC can be installed there.
The VG200 is designed to take a NM-1V, NM-2V, NM-HDV, or a DSP Network
Module (not sure about the model number).
Hang on. Are we talking point-to-point, toll-bypass VoIP or are we talking
IP Telephony? If you are doing toll-bypass than all toll-bypass calls must
go over the 5300. If, on the other hand, you are using IP Telephony with a
CallManager, than no, you cannot force calls that stay on the local
VoIP does not require a Call Manager. VoIP is just that, Voice over IP. It
does not specify any call features and only extremely limited call
handling. Use of a Call Manager implies IP Telephony, which is an
alternative to PBX switches. IP Telephony includes complex call handling,
call
Actually, you'd be suprised how big a selling point it is to have a phone
running on a iPaq at a tradeshow. Sure, it's a gimick, but it flashy and
get the attention of the guys holding the puse strings.
Oh, sure, you can talk for hours about reduced facility costs by using one
network, or
If I'm reading this correctly, I am quite frankly stunned beyond beleif that
that box is running at all. It appears that you have the Cisco IGS software
loaded on a 2503. I beleive the IGS never had a option for 2 serials.
There were only 3 model; 2E, 1E 1S, and Token Ring. So how you are
Depends alot on what kind of connection you want. If you are just talking
about outbound access from your site, that isn't a problem. Setup the two
routers on the same subnet and use HSRP. Best practive would be to set up
two HSRP address; each router will be primarary for one address and
My first guess would be lack of DTMF relay, but I'm afraid I don't have
enough information to fully diagnose this. If there is no DTMF relay
configured, it's possible the secondary dialed digits are not being received
by the 2610.
Message Posted at:
OK, some terminology. We've got physical networks. They are bound by
routers. Anytime a packet goes through a router, it is moving from one
physical network to another. Then you have a logical subnet. This is what
actually gets addressed. It is possible to have multiple logical subnets on
I would quess that means that person has passed the CCIE Qualification Exam,
or the written portion of the certification. He or she is presumably
studying/preparing for the lab exam.
Message Posted at:
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The interface type S/T refers to a combination of a the S interface (between
the TE and the NT2) and the T interface (between the NT2 and NT1). This
implies that the S/T interface will not function with an NT2 device in
place. Don't know this for certain, bacause I'm never tried. This is
Did you format the flash before you put the new image on it? I would
recommend putting both in and format the flash from ROMMON. Also, did you
change the console port speed when copying the image over? That will cut
down the time needed to copy the image over. Just remeber what speed you
Well, you don't know it hangs. It is possible the router is just waiting
for your command, but isn't getting input. Can you send a break sequence
and get into ROMMON mode? What is the history of these routers? Where'd
they come from and when did they work last? It's unlikely that 2 routers
Token Ring is not needed for CCNP. I got mine without ever touching one.
You have to know the theory, and some of the pratical, but if you are
looking to reduce the cost of your lab, that's the first one to go.
The BRI emulator is priceless in terms of REMOTE. Unless you have hands on
Simple. Follow this procedure.
1) Get a clean sheet of white paper and a #2 pencil.
2) Write down, in pencil, the MAC address from the Cisco Router exactly as
displayed, but leave space between each character.
3) Using the eraser end of the pencil, erase all periods.
4) Using the pencil,
That is the correct format. However, the number of vtys possible varies
based on router model and memory. Perhaps you attempted too high a number.
Also, that command, line vty 0 n, defines n+1 vty lines.
Message Posted at:
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First, you didn't mention what kind of DSL router it is. (BTW, most DSL
routers comercially marketed are actually ethernet-to-ethernet routers.
Calling them DSL routers is a misnomer.) Every NAT implementation I've
worked with requires explicit ranges set up for NAT. There's a good chance
You cannot simulate frame-relay with 2 routers. A minimuim of three are
required. One router must serve as the frame-relay switch. This router
needs to be connected to both other routers via back-to-back serial
connections.
In many ways, frame-relay is analogous to IP. It's just one more set
One point I'd like to bring up is do you work for a Cisco partner. If you
do, once you pass the written, alot of resources become available to you.
You can get access to some practice labs, limited access to cisco personal
for help, even (and this depends on you're partner status) access to
Ideal would be VG200/248 or a NM-V or NM-2V plus VICs for your 2600.
Neither of these are cheap, though. However, if you're just looking for
voice gateways to add to your network, 1750's actually work quite well.
They do not have some of the higher-end features that a 2600 does, but it
does
I don't *know* that it would be detrimental, but I wouldn't be suprised.
You're asking the router's processor to do advanced screening on ALOT of
packets. It could easily overload the process utilization. First thing I'd
do is look at that.
Message Posted at:
Sounds like more of an interface issue than a performance one. One of the
developers at Cisco (or more likely some company that Cisco bought) figured
that a sh ip route x.x.x.x comand should not take into account a default
route, so the user is not potentially confused, thinking there is a
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