I wish I could send TIPS some of the blog entries written by a young cousin of
mine who was teaching English in China at some private schools for the children
of fairly wealthy families. The poor work ethic, sense of entitlement, lack
of respect for authority that she described (for the
Many thanks for that, Sue. There had been a similar thing on the NPR site,
produced by another drug company but it disappeared from the NPR site I'd
been unable to find it.
Ed
-
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of
Fire up the VCRs..
-
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
epol...@wcupa.edu
http://home.comcast.net/~epollak
Thanks for that, Chris. I LOVED it. My favorite part was
...and unless we want to cultivate students who believe that their every
utterance is intrinsically worthwhile due to their precious snowflake-hood, it
would probably be good to get them to a point where their confidence is earned,
, biopsychologist bluegrass fiddler .. in
approximate order of importance.
-Original Message-
From: Pollak, Edward
Sent: Monday, November 16, 2009 12:32 PM
To: tips@acsun.frostburg.edu
Subject: Chutzpah
OK, Folks
Extinction hasn't worked because there always some list neophytes who will
respond. So we're really dealing with some form of partial reinforcement and we
all know the result of that vis a vis extinction.
Listen, folks. In my particular universe, I am widely considered a loose canon
who,
It might matter whether the faculty member is out for the day or just missing
a single class. I am at a school with a collective bargaining agreement and if
you are absent you need to fill out a form (or at least have the secretary fill
it out for you) indicating whether you are taking a sick
For the full story see
http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/10/08/animal.rights.threats/index.html
Researchers to animal-rights activists: We're not afraid
Three research scientists have taken a rare public stand against animal-rights
activists, describing them as
terrorists for their threats and
Claudia Stanny wrote Cats are able to control their humans by emitting a
high-pitched solicitation cry - embedded in a purr - that is so annoying it
can't be ignored (Sept 18). They go on to note that in busy households where
such purring is often overlooked, the cats resort to overt meowing.
Sorry, folks. That post was supposed to go to my BGRASS-L (bluegrass) list.
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
http://home.comcast.net/~epollak
Husband, father, grandfather, biopsychologist, bluegrass
Tommy Texino writes, Now who remembers The Flubadub? Well I do, and he was
a puppet on The Howdy Doody Program back in the 1950s. The Flub was an animal
made up of various other creatures, sort of like them things they got down in
Australia. Anyway, Well, It occurred to me that with Mr.
Darwin Movie Too Dangerous for the USA..
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6173399/Charles-Darwin-film-too-controversial-for-religious-America.html
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
Office:
Bentall's article reminded me of some of the old Szaszian literature which in
turn reminded me of one of my favorite little papers of all time, A Szaszian
View of Death, or the Myth of Death by Vatz Weinberg (1977). I found it
reprinted on a public forum at
t...@bgcollector.net wrote
I was also disappointed with Marty's show, but in all fairness, I'm very
finicky and don't like much. I'm a fan of Marty's tv show, and have great
respect for Marty's appreciation of country bluegrass history, as well as his
talent. Honestly, I think I would have
Some shorter more entertaining (but less thorough) clips are from James
Randi. See
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39PM03iVbqE
and
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Dp2Zqk8vHw
There are several others that might also be useful if you search for James
Randi on YouTube.
Ed
Edward I. Pollak,
Since Michael came up dry this week, I offer this gem:
These are bagpipes. I understand the inventor of the bagpipes was inspired
when he saw a man carrying an indignant, asthmatic pig under his arm.
Unfortunately, the man-made sound never equalled the purity of the sound
achieved by the pig.
Joan Warmbold wrote ...I have had my cell phone ring during class a couple
of times and it the few times this has occurred, the class has erupted with
laughter as
they know how we instructors really don't like cell phones.
FWIW, we just had a member of Campus Security discuss security issues
Michael Sylvester wrote,
BTW, I would not import any type of evolutionary significance (a la Desmond
Morris-the British zookeeper who turned ethologist) to behavior in the United
States. I am reminded of AC/DC Money Talks.
Desmond Morris' understanding of evolutionary theory as in the Human
I've never missed an exam but that is the theme of a recurring nightmare that I
have. When I was younger, the nightmare centered on missing an exam I was
supposed to take. It now centers on missing an exam I'm supposed to give. When
the shift occurred, I deemed it a major indicator of a changed
And on a related issue, you often hear that Homo sapiens is the most aggressive
and murderous of species. I tell my animal behavior class that I can think of
no other primate species in which you could have 40 adult, sexually mature
individuals sitting in close quarters for 75 minutes without
Yes, Claudia. But to clarify, That's my favorite PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY web site.
But to be honest, my true favorite web sites are
http://home.comcast.net/~epollak/family_photos/family_photos.htm and
http://home.comcast.net/~epollak/. In the former you can see some adorable
pictures of our own
I am aware of no data suggesting that children resemble fathers more than
mothers. I do, however, remember a study which found that a (putative) father's
family, and especially his in-laws, were more likely to SAY that a new baby
resembled the father.
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of
Michael Sylvester wrote (in the context of the Sotomayor nomination)
The framework of Eurocentric cognitive imperialism is the idea that
objectivity excludes emotional factors when in reality emotion and experience
are in the mix whenever evaluative judgenent is required. Just curious as to
how
Michael Britt wrote, If I understand it right, some people are concerned about
this
perspective because, for example, even though animals demonstrate a
behavior that is in some way similar to what humans do doesn't mean
that the reason animals show this behavior (which is probably related
to
I'm seriously considering adopting Nancy Mellucci's Psychology the Easy Way
from the Barron series. Unfortunately, today is our book ordering deadline.
Although that deadline is hardly firm, I'd rather not wait for the examination
copy. So can anyone share their thoughts on the suitability of
Michael Smith wrote, I have heard many instances of (learning styles) being
promoted by educators or those selling products (such as concept diagrams for
visual learners). Not that concept diagrams are not useful, but it seems only
visual learners can get the most from them by definition.
I
I used to show a clip from an NPR story on the experience of
schizophrenias. The story is still up at
http://www.npr.org/programs/atc/features/2002/aug/schizophrenia/
However, every time I try to click on the link to the multimedia show, I
find it is no longer available. Does any, perchance,
sbl...@ubishops.ca wrote
I'm still disappointed that Gupta didn't take a more scientifically-informed
view of this dreadful therapy but what he's done falls well short of
advocacy, at least in the urls cited above.
Thanks for that, Stephen. I also read the articles at those links and came away
through more than I can even
imagine.
Ed (normally the old Curmudgeon) Pollak
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
http://home.comcast.net/~epollak http://home.comcast.net/~epollak
Husband, father
FWIW, when this story first started circulating on the internet a few years
ago, it sounded questionable to me. So I checked it out on Snopes.com. Alas,
they said it was true. Does this mean Snopes was wrong on Bill Gates sending me
money for forwarding an e-mail to everyone I know? I lost a
Similar to the story cited by Stephen but not nearly so dramatic:
My twin brother I were at a bluegrass festival at the Pine Hotel in the
Catskills. He was left-handed and played guitar bass fiddle. I am
right-handed and play fiddle, banjo bass. The story I later related to my
family was
Michael wrote
I could swear that I read somewhere (might have been a review in Time
magazine) that some tenets of sociobiology state that men go to war to please
women, and that gays make it possible for there to be more females available
for reproduction and thus enhancing the gene pool.
I saw only bits of it but in the last half hour they had a major segment on
psychics that I thought was atrocious. It included a favorable segment on John
Edwards, the guy who claims to contact the dead. I was appalled.
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
West Chester University
It was a common practice to purchase little, artificial poppies on Veterans Day
in New York when I was growing up in the 1950s (and probably later). They were
sold by a veterans group, either the Veterans of Foreign Wars or maybe the
American Legion.
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of
Jon, I'm didn't see this one on your list. It's an interactive
psychopharmacology animation. Immensely entertaining popular with students.
See
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.html
Ed
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
West Chester University of
West Chester University of Pennsylvania is in need of a temporary faculty
member to teach two sections of Animal Behavior in the Fall, 2008 semester.
There is the possibility of a full-time position in the fall if you are willing
to also teach two sections of research methods. If interested
I'm having rotator cuff surgery on August 21st and will likely be out the whole
fall semester until I can raise my arm high enough to write on a blackbord..
I'm thinking of buying a voice recognition program, Dragon Speak 10, mostly for
e-mail web searching playing on-line poker for the few
Chris wrote, Ah, nothing like sheer correlation to get the
hypothesis-generation juices flowing. Why do evolutionary psychologists
so often fall into the this trap?
http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080423/ts_afp/healthdietsexchildren
In all fairness, Chris, Robert Trivers came up with that
DeVolder Carol L asked I should know this, but I'm blanking on it--how does
REM sleep without atonia differ from sleepwalking or does it?
The obvious answer is that slepwalking occurs in stages 3 4. Also, I may be
displaying my ignorance here but doesn't REM sleep disorder always lack atonia?
Mark wrote, Thanks Sue for the video link. It's perfect for my introductory
psychology class.
As much as I liked the animation, I'd recommend against using it in an intro
course, Mark. Had they not named the protagonist Christian you could get away
with it. But as it stands, it's just too
There are a number of good split brain videos on YouTube if you search for
them. The one I like best is a very old one at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lmfxQ-HK7Y. I especially like the segment
toward the end where a patient's hands are squabbling over which gets to
perform a Koh Block
While searching the web regarding the logic of religious dogmas, I came
across the following. Apparently, this tidbit has been floating around
cyberspace for a while... I've omitted the
relatively gory picture that usually accompanies it.
Christianity: The belief that
Doris Vasconcellos wrote re being a twin, Olha so esta!
OK, so I'm the 3rd twin on the list. There were 5 sets in my kindergarten
class.
Ed
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Peoples Building, Room 44
Department of Psychology
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
Spring semester office hours: Monday
As I suspected, something not mentioned in the NYT article is the fact that
these copy number variations (CNVs) represent a genetic mosaic. They exist only
in some tissues and not in others and represent copy errors during embryonic
development.
Something analogous is responsible for true
Joan Warmbold wrote I have had many friends also express dismay that his wife
stood by his side. My response is that her pale and very sad expression
certainly let the public see that she was one unhappy woman. Of course, we
can't be sure for what reasons--i.e., her husband's betrayal, the
One of my major complaints about textbooks if that they have too many
cute little boxes, pictures which provide no useful content, silly
pedagogical gimmicks, etc. all of which jack up the price and IMO make
the text more difficult to follow for a student.
The book reps are fond of pointing out
We all get such requests/.excuses. I do not grant such requests because a) it
would require me to make up a new exam for that student and each of the others
requesting to take the exam a day, or days or one week late. b) while studying
for that exam they are falling behind on their reading for
This looks like a must see,. especially for those of us teaching animal
behavior, animal cognition, or maybe even evolutionary psychology.
Ed
--
Next on NOVA: Ape Genius
http://www.pbs.org/nova/apegenius http://www.pbs.org/nova/apegenius
Tuesday, February
Can someone explain to me the benefits of specialized software over Excel? What
do they do that Excel cannot?
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
Spring semester office hours: Monday noon-2 3-4; Tuesday Thursday 11-1;
by
As long as we're talking parables, here's one I use in biopsychology animal
behavior to illustrate the pitfalls in deducing changes in hypothetical
constructs (e.g., hunger or any other motivational state).
An eminent scientist is interested in studying the jumping behavior of frogs.
He
Apples oranges.
Math physics are really hard because they contain complex concepts that are
difficult to grasp. Statistics, for example is hard because students have
trouble grasping basic concepts such as binomial probability, variance, and
analyzing that variance. Calculus is hard
Rae Marsh asked,
. I can understand that asthma is pandemic. This makes sense
evolutionarily. As the air quality becomes worse, natural selection will weed
out those of us with conditions such as asthma, etc. for those who can tolerate
the dirtier air quality.However, are
Does anyone out there know of any published (or anecdotal) guidelines that
differentiate upper-level courses from lower-level courses?
Pennsylvania used to fund us by paying more money/student for 300 400 level
courses than for 100 200 level courses. So, of course, almost all of our
fiddler and
herpetoculturist.. in approximate order of importance.
Subject: Re: Sociobiology: Human Animal
From: Mike Palij [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Thu, 27 Dec 2007 09:01:46 -0500
X-Message-Number: 2
On Wed, 26 Dec 2007 15:30:27 -0500, Pollak, Edward wrote:
I'm hoping someone can help me
I'm hoping someone can help me. For years I've been looking for the old NOVA
(PBS) program, Sociobiology: Human Animal with complete lack of success. It
was originally put out on 16 mm in 1977. Does anyone have a clue as to where
and how I might get a copy on VHS or DVD?
Ed
Edward I.
You can find this video at http://youtube.com/watch?v=LuSBCIV1zuQ
From there you can use www.zamzar.com to download it. I already hae.
Thanks, Robin!!!
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
http://mywebpages.comcast.net/epollak/home.htm
This item is more appropriate for another list but TIPS has been slow this week
and this clip is so cool I just had to share..
This video clip is not new. It's from David Attenborough's The Life of Birds
but I just came across it and have already downloaded it for
Glad you liked it, Beth. My daughter is on TIPS. She teaches at Fitchburg in
Mass. She couldn't listen to it at home become her Labrador retriever started
going nuts!
But here are two others you'll enjoy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDYpW3zyXqQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDYpW3zyXqQ
Annette wrote, Just a small point in this discussion. Even we, as good
scientists, fall into the trap of calling Freud's (and Piaget's for that
matter, and a whole host of others) theories, theories when in fact, if they
cannot be falsified they cannot be legitimately called theories. As such I
Louis Schmier wrote, I think some of us are being too harsh. We aren't very
understanding of our very young students. We're not walking in their shoes or
remembering how we were like at those ages.
I remember how I was at those ages. I'd been books for pleasure for many years.
As for being
Not exactly a novel, but if it's still in print, Vincent Dethier's To
Know a Fly is a little gem of a book. Very humorous and providing a
wealth of insight into the research process.
Ed
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
A few weeks ago I gave an exam in animal behavior and asked a question about
Kamikaze sperm. One student asked what species a Kamikaze was. I then asked
the next 4 students entering my office if they'd ever heard the word ,
kamikaze. The first three had never heard the word. I'm convinced that
Only once have I had to come down on a student in class for using a lap top and
that was only because whatever he was looking at was attracting the attention
of those around him. Reading comic books in class, etc., is a time honored
tradition. Laptops just make it more obvious.
But since I
Many of you may have seen this but it's a great clip. It can used in a
discussion of pos. neg. reinforcement, extinction, partial reinforcement,
etc. The students LOVE it. See
http://youtube.com/watch?v=M9tv_zM-G84 http://youtube.com/watch?v=M9tv_zM-G84
And for those pf you who don't know,
I can't really answer your first question, Nancy, having literally no
experience such clubs. (I always suspected I'd find them very depressing.)
As for the 2nd. This is merely more evidence that the difference in cyclicity
of sexual activity in mammals is best viewed on a continuum rather than
This from http://www.world-science.net/othernews/071027_estrus.htm
I can think of some alternative hypotheses, but it is quite
interesting.
Ed
~~~
Humans go into heat after all, strip club study finds
Oct. 28, 2007
World Science
Bill Hill asked
There has been some discussion about expectations for the length of
time a person should agree to return to the university after a
sabbatical leave? Some have suggested 1 years, others 2. I would
appreciate some feedback on the average.
Our university says you must return for t
This sounds like a really bad idea to me. I can only begin to imagine
the difficulties that a classroom instructor, academic adviser. field
experience supervisor, etc. (i.e., a social work or psychology
professor) would have with so-called dual relationships.
See
Bleiberg, J.R. Baron, J.
I remember that the anthropologist, Marvin Harris, had some hypothesis
about an over-reliance on maize in ancient Mesoamerica resulted in
reduced serotonin turnover hyper aggressiveness. He even tied it in
with human sacrifice. I believe the book was Cannibals Kings. And
the barbarity
I agree with everyone else that another apology is unnecessary. However, I'm
not entirely sure that the question was as ridiculous as it sounds at first
blush. I would have said something like, No, a period is not typically an
expelled pregnancy. However, a fairly large percentage of newly
Annette wrote, .In the Caribbean islands and other Afrocentric cultures non
moms nurse babies. As a matter of fact the lactation process among the Caribs(
originally inhabitants of the Caribbean) occurred among all the women as a
species-survival mechanism. Some nannies in the days of slavery
Rob Weisskirch wrote, student claimed that she heard that women who hang
around nursing mothers and infants often will sometimes start spontaneously
lactating, even though they are not pregnant. I know that infant cries can
cause nursing mothers to leak but have never heard of lactation by
I don't think that being an active researcher necessarily makes you a better
classroom instructor. HOWEVER, I do believe that faculty who are doing
classroom teaching AND conducting research are (other things being equal) more
valuable to the department than those who are just teaching. Such
I have to agree with Louis on this one. When I was chairperson I always
maintained that my single greatest duty was simply to be there. I
actually like getting e-mails from students (most of the time). I'm not
crazy about some such as the string of e-mails I received yesterday from
a mother whose
From:Rieser-Danner, Loretta [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Course Assessment Strategies
I am collaborating with a colleague to collect information on course
assessment practices, particularly standard or recommended assessment
practices. My colleague is looking to gather this information for a
Stuart wrote, When we calculate a final percentage grade, how reliable is it?
Another way of putting this is: What is the standard error of measurement?
Our official grading system is as follows:
Grade Quality Points Percentage Equivalents
A 493 - 100
A- 3.6790 - 92
B+ 3.3387 - 89
B 383 -
Miguel wrote
Ed, I tend to agree with the general tone of your post. However, my
colleague, Jeff Nevid, has published evidence that at least one of those
learning aids, concept signaling, (when short definitions/explanatory notes
appear in the margins of the page) can enhance student performance.
Three things:
1) I agree with you Annette about requiring the learning of more names of
investigators in upper level class. My comment was for intro psych only.
2) Your findings on 2 vs,. 3 distracters is counterintuitive and conflicts with
my experience. Did you delete the 4th distracter at
[EMAIL PROTECTED] asked
.My students also frequently ask for study guides for
exams, so they know what to concentrate on.
That's one of my pet peeves. The students are not really asking about the
topics on which they should concentrate. Rather, they are asking, which parts
Rick Froman asked
I wonder if any of you have experience with having faculty proctor
standardized tests and whether you do or, even if your only experience
is with nonfaculty proctors, what an appropriate honorarium would be for
proctoring such a test. I will take a couple of hours in a computer
Louis wrote I'm not talking about the ability to live up to a moral code; I'm
asking about the source of that ethical and moral code in the first place if
you--editorially--don't accept the existence of the Divine.
Louis' query is a superb example of why the theistic hypothesis should NOT be
My favorite quote on the topic came from one of the Huxley's. (I think
it was Theodore but wouldn't bet my life/immortal soul) on it. He said
that God is no longer a viable hypothesis.
I find that is the usually the best answer to students who want to
argue the point and since I teach an
Just out of curiosity, Louis, how many students do you have each semester in
your 4 sections of US History? I have 150 students in my 1 section of intro
psych and another 120 in my two sections of animal behavior. And, of course,
I've got about 75 undergraduate advisees. (And no, I do not have
Aw, you folks have no sense of humor. I show the following to trigger
discussion of several learning-related topics such as negative
reinforcement, punishment, regression, etc. and it always gets howls of
laughter: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCHDGxlEFS0
And instead of rats playing
Rick Froman wrote My favorite depiction of Kubler-Ross' five stages is in
Homer Simpson's response to hearing he was dying in the 11th episode of the
second
season of the Simpsons: One Fish, Two Fish, Blowfish, Blue Fish.
Good one. But my favorite treatment is in one of my very favorite movies,
Darwin's God
God has always been a puzzle for Scott Atran. When he was 10 years old, he scrawled a plaintive message on the wall of his bedroom in Baltimore. God exists, he wrote in black and orange paint, or if he doesnt, were in trouble. Atran has been struggling with questions about
Angry God, angry people
New research may clarify the relationship between religious
indoctrination and violence, a topic that has gained new notoriety
since the Sept. 11 attacks.
In the study, psychologist Brad Bushman of the University of Michigan
in Ann Arbor,
Paul Brandon wrote Pigeons have been taught to report internal states,
such as whether they are being affected by a psychoactive drug. Can we
say that they are 'conscious' of being in that state? If not, what is
missing beyond the tautological observation that they are not human?
I don't believe
Marc Carter asked: if I am completely engrossed in a pain, in what
sense would I not be conscious? Even though in this case the pain and
the awareness of that pain cannot be physically separated, they can be
conceptually separated, and so we have that aboutness -- but in this
case without the
Peter wrote
On Feb 25, 2007, at 8:14 AM, Pollak, Edward wrote:
It's quite rare that I disagree with Stephen but this is one of
those times.
Stephen wrote
..We generally accept two kinds as uncontroversial: either we're
conscious or we're not. And we know someone is conscious when
It's quite rare that I disagree with Stephen but this is one of those times.
Stephen wrote
..We generally accept two kinds as uncontroversial: either we're conscious
or we're not. And we know someone is conscious when they're aware of their
surroundings.
This implies that conscious is a
[EMAIL PROTECTED] asked
I think that the stages of sleep are differing states of consciousness,
but what about the following, which came up in class today?
alpha (awake, relaxed), when taking Benadryl or some other drugs with
side effects of drowsiness, and a change in alertness and reaction
The most compelling question for me is why you people even bother to
respond? We've all had that student in class who, whenever he opens his
mouth, elicits the synchronized rolling of dozens of eyeballs. In class
I feel compelled to respond to poor soul described above. I feel no such
compulsion
Just FYI... the ultimate compendium of music jokes is maintained by
a guy at M.I.T. and may be found at http://www.mit.edu/people/jcb/jokes/.
Too many of these are simply recast versions of old lawyer and blond jokes.
(The current banjoist in my band is delightful young woman
Christopher D. Green wrote The Society for Ethnomusicology has issued
a statement
(http://webdb.iu.edu/sem/scripts/aboutus/aboutsem/positionstatements/pos
ition_statement_torture.cfm)
condemning the use of music as a means to torture or psychologically
abuse prisoners. The society is committed to
Louis wrote, I'll keep this brief and let you draw out the meaning of
this part of a
conversation we had yesterday in class about studying.
Hmmm. I would guess that the student's ... sudden, stunned, and
confused look (and) .. Pregnant, telling, and revealing silence.
Indicated her joy
, grandfather, biopsychologist, bluegrass fiddler and
herpetoculturist.. in approximate order of importance.
-Original Message-
From: Pollak, Edward
Sent: Thursday, January 25, 2007 9:04 AM
To: tips@acsun.frostburg.edu
Subject: Random Thought: A Snippet of a Conversation in Class
Louis
Joan Warmbold wrote Jon Mueller has encouraged Oakton to digitizing the
video and make it available online in a streaming format. Would you still want
a
VHS copy if this became available?
Having made a similar offer last year, I have some sage advice for you, Joan:
You're freakin' nuts!! I
The reps get a list of everyone who asks for a desk or examination copy of a
book. I'd be surprised if he went undetected for very long.
Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
West Chester, PA 19383
http://mywebpages.comcast.net/epollak/home.htm
Riki Koenigsberg asked I wonder what your experience has been with students
who come in having taken an AP Psych class and done well enough on the exam to
exempt the class in college. How does their preparation for your 200 level
classes compare with the students who took your school's Intro
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