Sho hardware CBUS
Howdy folks, A quicky. On a 7513, with redundant RSP's, when entering the command " sho hardware cbus" recieved no output for the master RSP (slot6). But did get the information for the slave RSP. I guess it's normal. since it was the same on another 7513 I did it on. Can someone please explain. Thanks, Rob _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: 2900's
There's a bug id I looked up while ago that was in relation to the conole port flow control causing a switch to reboot. Try the bugtracker on CCO to find it. Darren "Gonzalo P." wrote: I've seen it happen also in the 3500'sXL. I would be very careful with the console connection... Sometimes they just reboot if you plug the cable... or if you change settings in the hyperterminal. I have also seen them die quite a few times, so, I don't recommend them for any important datacenter stuff. Use them as workgroup switches. G. ""Jeff"" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message 94k8s3$hnp$[EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:94k8s3$hnp$[EMAIL PROTECTED]... I just got some 2924-XL's in and I'm currently configuring them... one thing I notice though is that every so often they automatically reboot! Any ideas? Jeff _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CCIE Written Exam
Hi Guys, I will be taking my CCIE written (Routing and Switching) exam real soon and would like to know what to look for (i.e the type of questions one will be expecting). Are there are any type-in command questions or we are expected to pick from a pool of commands like the 2.0 BSCN. Does the exam extend beyond the contents of the Routing and switching Blueprint or it's just okay for it? I will appreciate anyother inputs that you deem necessary for me to know before going in for the exam. Thanks for your inputs. Maks _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
ISDN question
I have the following situation: A company (alfa) needs to connect to a server inside my intra using an ISDN connection (they do have a 1600) I have a 1600 with 1 bri which is used to connect our net to a remote support site (beta), I have a simple dialer map that open the connection to this remote site whanever we need it. Is it possible to use my 1600 to receive the connection from company alfa as well can I use one channel for call beta and the other one for receiving call from alfa ?? Do I need to configure dialer interface Cheers _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: But isn't that the routers job???
- Original Message - From: "Howard C. Berkowitz" [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 9:02 PM Subject: RE: But isn't that the routers job??? Plus routing of packets is done more quickly when done at the Switch level rather than having to go through the router for every packet. What's wrong with "going through the router," and how does routing through a switch differ from routing through a router? snip Making forwarding decisions on layer 3 information is routing. Period. I actually have to disagree here with your terminology I guess. Forwarding decisions are being made with Layer 3 information. The first time a packet hits that router, a decision is made as far as which exit interface the packet should be sent to and the best route for the packet to hit its destination, based on whatever policy/protocol the router is using to make that decision in the first place. It is only subsequent packets that are heading to the same destination that are spared the whole lookup process again. Maybe my last email didn't send properly, but I replied to this one last night that bypassing the RP is akin to an arp cache. Without an arp cache, your device would overload looking up mac addresses. While your router may not actually be crippled without this feature, and anyone that has worked with enough 7500s knows that VIP cards are not the most stable animals out there, it is a great feature if reduced latency is more important to you than money, which is a point you made earlier. There are more and less hardware intensive ways to make routing decisions. But the actual lookup time is rarely a limiting factor. I would have to disagree here as well. Perhaps lookup time isn't so bad if a router is sitting on a T1 somewhere, but when you have multiple oc48s tied into your router, processing time adds up, *real* quick. Guy Tal _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: EASY ?? FOR MOST OF YOU
I guess I'm wrong then. I thought that CSMA/CD was still running on full-duplex Fast Ethernet links (even though it won't ever detect a collision) Brian From: Priscilla Oppenheimer [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: Priscilla Oppenheimer [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: EASY ?? FOR MOST OF YOU Date: Tue, 23 Jan 2001 15:05:49 -0800 Full-duplex Fast Ethernet isn't CSMA/CD either. There are only two stations that can send and they each have their own private transmit pair and receive pair. So it's not really multiple access (MA). There's no need to sense the carrier to see if someone else is sending. There isn't anyone else. So it's not CS. There's no need to detect collisions since they can't happen and it's legal to be receiving while sending, so there's no CD either. Priscilla At 08:56 PM 1/23/01, Brian Lodwick wrote: Well that depends, are you talking about Fast or Gigabit? FastEthernet is always using CSMA/CD, but Gigabit has a specification to better utilize full-duplex links which doesn't use CSMA/CD. Take a look at 802.3x. It sounds like you are talking about Fast Ethernet since you are talking about copper, unless you are talking about 1000BASE-CX. Brian From: "Erik Mintz" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: "Erik Mintz" [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: "Priscilla Oppenheimer" [EMAIL PROTECTED],"Brian Lodwick" [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: EASY ?? FOR MOST OF YOU Date: Tue, 23 Jan 2001 15:27:31 -0500 I have a question regarding CSMA/CD vs full duplex. If the problems relating to distance are set due to the limitations of CSMA/CD, what are the limits when using full duplex? I have had several situations where I had to run fiber because of distance, but these where almost invariably full duplex uplinks or trunks. Can I go farther with copper if the link is full-duplex? -Erik -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Priscilla Oppenheimer Sent: Monday, January 22, 2001 7:16 PM To: Brian Lodwick; [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: EASY ?? FOR MOST OF YOU At 09:20 PM 1/22/01, Brian Lodwick wrote: B for Brian My additional question on top of this one is: If the maximum legal length was set to 1/10th the size to make regular (10Mb/sec) increased by a factor of 10, what was done to further increase 100Mb/sec Ethernet by a factor of 10 to get Gigabit Ethernet? I like your plan to turn this into a non-easy question! The only experience I have with Gigabit Ethernet is in a fully-switched network where every port is full duplex, in which case CSMA/CD parameters are not an issue. However, shared, half-duplex Gigabit Ethernet is viable also. With shared 10 and 100-Mbps Ethernet, the minimum frame size is equal to the maximum round-trip propagation delay of the network. In other words, the minimum frame size is equal to the slotTime = 512 bits. Sticking to this rule would haver resulted in impracticably small networks for Gigabit Ethernet, however. The solution was a process called "carrier extension." According to Rich Seifert in his excellent book, "Gigabit Ethernet," "The key change is that the slotTime and the minimum frame are no longer the same. The minimum frame is maintained at 512 bits (64 bytes, as in 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps Ethernets), but the slotTime is set at 4096 bit-times (512 bytes). Frames that are shorter than the slotTime are artificially extended by appending a carrier-extension field so that they are exactly one slotTime long. This extends the duration of the time that the station transmits If a collision occurs during any time from the beginning of the frame to the end of the extension field, the MAC will jam, abort, and backoff." See the book for even more gory details! ;-) Priscilla Brian attenuation is effected by 3 elements spreading, scattering, and absorption. From: Alvarado Jesus [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: Alvarado Jesus [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: "'[EMAIL PROTECTED]'" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: EASY ?? FOR MOST OF YOU Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 14:10:43 -0500 The network span of a 100Base-T Network (205) meters is approx. 10 times smaller than the network span of a 10Base-T network (2500) meters Because A) , Higher speed data signals attenuate more quickly and so cannot be transmitted that far B) . Both Networks have minimum frame sizes of 64 bytes and the network spans must be tied directly to the minimum frame transmission time to avoid collisions. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: EASY ?? FOR MOST OF YOU
I'm no expert but the explanation from the book Cisco LAN Switching chapter 1 page 11-12 seems logical to me. Jojo -Original Message- From: Tony van Ree [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wed, January 24, 2001 1:11 AM To: Priscilla Oppenheimer; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: EASY ?? FOR MOST OF YOU Hi, I just glance at some of the discussion. Here is my two bob's worth. It is fine to sit there and say how long it takes a signal to get from one end of a cable to another. In the purest thoery both ends happen simultaneously (we all know this is not true it is on copper about 75% of the speed of light in fibre 90%) That is one argument and this would have one believe that one could therefore send 10Meg further than 100Meg full duplex further than half. (and to a limited degree you could) We can only have one signal on one wire at one time for various reasons (probably not true but it is for the theoretical purpose) Ok, what happens when we put a pulse on a line. In a nutshell it is not all to dissimilar to putting water onto a plate. The bigger the plate the longer it takes to fill. Therefore the longer the cable the longer it will take the remote end to see the signal reach the full strength. (Attenuation) As anyone with tinitus will tell you it is hard to hear in a crowded room. So it is with cable (Cross Talk) the longer the cable the more chance of crosstalk. I think you will find at 100 Metres there is a good balance of all these things and therefore the limit. To get further we could overcome attenuation by sending stronger. This would increase crosstalk to neighbours. Better balancing might work but this would be costly. I feel someone has thought about a lot of this. Just some thoughts and my way of viewing cable lengths, Teunis Hobart, Tasmania Australia On Tuesday, January 23, 2001 at 12:54:11 PM, Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: At 03:27 PM 1/23/01, Erik Mintz wrote: I have a question regarding CSMA/CD vs full duplex. If the problems relating to distance are set due to the limitations of CSMA/CD, what are the limits when using full duplex? I have had several situations where I had to run fiber because of distance, but these where almost invariably full duplex uplinks or trunks. Can I go farther with copper if the link is full-duplex? A copper 100-Mbps full-duplex DTE-DTE link is still limited to 100 meters. Gigabit Ethernet has a 25-meter standard for use with STP, and work on a 100-meter segment for use with UTP is underway, last I heard. I think the 100 meter rule is based on attenuation. Note that the EIA/TIA also says you shouldn't have more than 100 meters for your horizontal cabling from a wiring closet to a workstation. (90 meters actually, plus a 10-meter patch cable.) I'm sure the rules are related to each other and are probably to avoid too much attenuation. I'm not a physical-layer person, though. Someone else can probably provide a more authoritative answer. Priscilla -Erik -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Priscilla Oppenheimer Sent: Monday, January 22, 2001 7:16 PM To: Brian Lodwick; [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: EASY ?? FOR MOST OF YOU At 09:20 PM 1/22/01, Brian Lodwick wrote: B for Brian My additional question on top of this one is: If the maximum legal length was set to 1/10th the size to make regular (10Mb/sec) increased by a factor of 10, what was done to further increase 100Mb/sec Ethernet by a factor of 10 to get Gigabit Ethernet? I like your plan to turn this into a non-easy question! The only experience I have with Gigabit Ethernet is in a fully-switched network where every port is full duplex, in which case CSMA/CD parameters are not an issue. However, shared, half-duplex Gigabit Ethernet is viable also. With shared 10 and 100-Mbps Ethernet, the minimum frame size is equal to the maximum round-trip propagation delay of the network. In other words, the minimum frame size is equal to the slotTime = 512 bits. Sticking to this rule would haver resulted in impracticably small networks for Gigabit Ethernet, however. The solution was a process called "carrier extension." According to Rich Seifert in his excellent book, "Gigabit Ethernet," "The key change is that the slotTime and the minimum frame are no longer the same. The minimum frame is maintained at 512 bits (64 bytes, as in 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps Ethernets), but the slotTime is set at 4096 bit-times (512 bytes). Frames that are shorter than the slotTime are artificially extended by appending a carrier-extension field so that they are exactly one slotTime long. This extends the duration of the time that the station transmits If a collision occurs during any time from the beginning of the frame to the end of the extension field, the MAC will jam, abort, and
RE: EASY ?? FOR MOST OF YOU
my 2 Brian's worth, I"m just a little bored and wanted to add my definition and additional notes to your analogy below. Brian From: "Tony van Ree" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: "Tony van Ree" [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: "Priscilla Oppenheimer" [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: EASY ?? FOR MOST OF YOU Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2001 09:10:54 +1100 Hi, I just glance at some of the discussion. Here is my two bob's worth. It is fine to sit there and say how long it takes a signal to get from one end of a cable to another. In the purest thoery both ends happen simultaneously (we all know this is not true it is on copper about 75% of the speed of light in fibre 90%) That is one argument and this would have one believe that one could therefore send 10Meg further than 100Meg full duplex further than half. (and to a limited degree you could) We can only have one signal on one wire at one time for various reasons (probably not true but it is for the theoretical purpose) Ok, what happens when we put a pulse on a line. In a nutshell it is not all to dissimilar to putting water onto a plate. The bigger the plate the longer it takes to fill. Therefore the longer the cable the longer it will take the remote end to see the signal reach the full strength. (Attenuation) *** Attenuation I would say is the degradation of the original signal due to external forces such as absorption (Electricro-magnetic energy turned into heat energy), spreading (amplitude decreased due to physical distance propagation -Cylindrical, Spherical, and Dipolar), and scattering (Amplitude decreased due to physical impurities in the physical medium). Repeaters would completely fix the attenuation problem if there were no outside forces causing ambient noise. As anyone with tinitus will tell you it is hard to hear in a crowded room. So it is with cable (Cross Talk) the longer the cable the more chance of crosstalk. *** I love the analogy. I studied Acoustics and I would like to add my own analogy if I can: Lets say you are in a long tunnel and your friend at the other end makes a really low frequency noise in his/her message to you. Instead of the sound reflecting off of the walls of the tunnel and bouncing on down to you it decides it's frequency is too big for the tunnel diameter and it refracts out of the tunnel, and the guy in the tunnel next to yours couldn't hear what his partner was saying because that low frequency sound your friend sent (that got refracted out of your tunnel) got into his tunnel and mucked up his message. -Crosstalk would be more prevalent in a shorter straight strung cable than a longer cable with twisted pairs. I think you will find at 100 Metres there is a good balance of all these things and therefore the limit. To get further we could overcome attenuation by sending stronger. This would increase crosstalk to neighbours. Better balancing might work but this would be costly. I feel someone has thought about a lot of this. Just some thoughts and my way of viewing cable lengths, Teunis Hobart, Tasmania Australia On Tuesday, January 23, 2001 at 12:54:11 PM, Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: At 03:27 PM 1/23/01, Erik Mintz wrote: I have a question regarding CSMA/CD vs full duplex. If the problems relating to distance are set due to the limitations of CSMA/CD, what are the limits when using full duplex? I have had several situations where I had to run fiber because of distance, but these where almost invariably full duplex uplinks or trunks. Can I go farther with copper if the link is full-duplex? A copper 100-Mbps full-duplex DTE-DTE link is still limited to 100 meters. Gigabit Ethernet has a 25-meter standard for use with STP, and work on a 100-meter segment for use with UTP is underway, last I heard. I think the 100 meter rule is based on attenuation. Note that the EIA/TIA also says you shouldn't have more than 100 meters for your horizontal cabling from a wiring closet to a workstation. (90 meters actually, plus a 10-meter patch cable.) I'm sure the rules are related to each other and are probably to avoid too much attenuation. I'm not a physical-layer person, though. Someone else can probably provide a more authoritative answer. Priscilla -Erik -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Priscilla Oppenheimer Sent: Monday, January 22, 2001 7:16 PM To: Brian Lodwick; [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: EASY ?? FOR MOST OF YOU At 09:20 PM 1/22/01, Brian Lodwick wrote: B for Brian My additional question on top of this one is: If the maximum legal length was set to 1/10th the size to make regular (10Mb/sec) increased by a factor of 10, what was done to further increase 100Mb/sec Ethernet by a factor of 10 to get Gigabit Ethernet? I like your plan to turn this into a non-easy
slash 31 address
Hello good guys of the group, can anyone with the knowledge of ip/31, help me? please. I need to know what it is use for, and how it works, pls. Thanks in advance, Michael Taiwo. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: slash 31 address
AFAIK you can only go as far as /30. Neil Schneider [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hello good guys of the group, can anyone with the knowledge of ip/31, help me? please. I need to know what it is use for, and how it works, pls. Thanks in advance, Michael Taiwo. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Compression and ...
Group, In an environment where you have 2 56K links to a destination, but one of the links has compression enabled, would OSPF assign a different cost to the link with the compression algorithm enabled on it or would it assign equal cost to both links since they are essentially are both the same bandwidth? Also how do you enable encryption on a link and still benefit from a compression algorithm? Brian _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: slash 31 address
Michael... /30 = 4 address (1st is network number, 2 3 host ip's, 4th is broadcast address) /31 = 2 address (1st is network number, 2nd is broadcast address) no host ip's...this is not useful.. /32 = 1 address (1 host address) i use this for loopbacks ""Neil Schneider"" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message 94mool$d33$[EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:94mool$d33$[EMAIL PROTECTED]... AFAIK you can only go as far as /30. Neil Schneider [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hello good guys of the group, can anyone with the knowledge of ip/31, help me? please. I need to know what it is use for, and how it works, pls. Thanks in advance, Michael Taiwo. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: IP accounting
Hi, Where can I find such tools? Thanks. Bulent Sahin - Özgün Ýleti - Kimden: "Tony van Ree" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Kime: "Deloso. Elmer G (WPNSTA Yorktown)" [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Gönderme tarihi: 24 Ocak 2001 Çarþamba 00:22 Konu: Re: IP accounting Hi, IP accounting will slow down your router. I would tend to use it as a tool for trouble shooting or finding specific stuff on your network but not much chop for anything else. For billing etc there are better tools available. I feel routers should route (and switch too) and accounting packages should get the data from the router and account. Just my feelings. Teunis, Hobart, Tasmania Australia On Tuesday, January 23, 2001 at 08:45:39 AM, Deloso. Elmer G (WPNSTA Yorktown) wrote: Hello, group. Can someone give me feedback on implementing IP Accounting on the gateway router? I'd like to know it's plus / minus sides, cpu/memory load issues, etc. CCO doesn't seem to have much info on it. Thanks in advance. Elmer Deloso _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- www.tasmail.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: slash 31 address
I have no idea why this would ever be used. This would allow 0 valid hosts. /30 masks are often used for Point-to-Point links since they allow for 2 hosts. Brian From: "Michael E Taiwo" [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: "Brian Lodwick" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: slash 31 address Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2001 13:41:15 - Thanks for replying, it is an ip address with a /31 mask. Thanks, Michael. - Original Message - From: "Brian Lodwick" [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 1:33 PM Subject: Re: slash 31 address Is ip/31 a protocol or something or are you talking about an ip address with a /31 mask? Brian From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: slash 31 address Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2001 13:00:03 GMT Hello good guys of the group, can anyone with the knowledge of ip/31, help me? please. I need to know what it is use for, and how it works, pls. Thanks in advance, Michael Taiwo. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: ISDN question
Mauro, I am not an expert on this as my only experience with this particular technology is when preparing for the bcran with an 800 series cisco box.I do recall seeing in one the many books that i've read over the past little while that you may assign an interface (bri) into multiple dialer pools therefor giving it a set of characteristics for each pool it's in. For example Pool 1 may be setup so that when your t1 get's saturated that it brings up the bri and calls the destination to help relieve this congestion. Pool 2 could be setup when interesting traffic hits the interface it brings it up in order to transmit that interesting traffic (as defined by your access-list) So in conclusion I don't see why you could make your bri act as a transmitter of information to your "remote support site" as well as being able to receive a call. I would try and check out on the cisco site for any configs you can find. Tim Mauro Conosciani wrote: I have the following situation: A company (alfa) needs to connect to a server inside my intra using an ISDN connection (they do have a 1600) I have a 1600 with 1 bri which is used to connect our net to a remote support site (beta), I have a simple dialer map that open the connection to this remote site whanever we need it. Is it possible to use my 1600 to receive the connection from company alfa as well can I use one channel for call beta and the other one for receiving call from alfa ?? Do I need to configure dialer interface Cheers _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Managment Interface for Router
Can you eliminate the directly connected route for an interface from the routing table? The intention would be to have a management connection to the router which cannot be routed to from other connections. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: slash 31 address
All what's mentioned here is absolutey right, however use of /31 is allowed in routing tables, for example. Assuming the case when 2 routers are dual homed to each other serial serial 0 serial 1 of each. You want all the traffic to use serial 0 except 2 specific hosts (mission critical servers) to use serial 1 The way to achieve this is as follows: ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 serial 0 ip route 192.168.100.20 255.255.255.254 serial 0 in that case if you check the routing table, you'd find a 192.168.100.20/31 entry :-) the same applies of course for /32 I'm not saying that this is so common, but i'm just saying that you might find a /31 address Regards Shahir ""Jeff McCoy"" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message 94mova$dik$[EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:94mova$dik$[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Michael... /30 = 4 address (1st is network number, 2 3 host ip's, 4th is broadcast address) /31 = 2 address (1st is network number, 2nd is broadcast address) no host ip's...this is not useful.. /32 = 1 address (1 host address) i use this for loopbacks ""Neil Schneider"" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message 94mool$d33$[EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:94mool$d33$[EMAIL PROTECTED]... AFAIK you can only go as far as /30. Neil Schneider [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hello good guys of the group, can anyone with the knowledge of ip/31, help me? please. I need to know what it is use for, and how it works, pls. Thanks in advance, Michael Taiwo. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Cisco PIX, IPSEC and activation Key
Hi there, I've got a Pix 506 to play with and wanted to configure some IPSEC-Settings... The PIX told me that it needs an activation key... I ordered the key through the web-form and when I received it I wanted to activate it... As the Pix was already in use without activation key I was not prompted for a new key anymore. In the Cisco-documentation i read that there is no command to change the activation key and that I have to install a new Software to the Pix to activate the key... I tried to download new software but I was not allowed to - so could someone please tell me how to change the activation key without having another software-package? best regards Dietmar Prantner ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: IP accounting
This is just a command you enter on the router interface. e.g. int eth0 ip accounting output-packets Then you can do a 'sh ip account' to see results. -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 8:45 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: IP accounting Hi, Where can I find such tools? Thanks. Bulent Sahin - Özgün Ýleti - Kimden: "Tony van Ree" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Kime: "Deloso. Elmer G (WPNSTA Yorktown)" [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Gönderme tarihi: 24 Ocak 2001 Çarþamba 00:22 Konu: Re: IP accounting Hi, IP accounting will slow down your router. I would tend to use it as a tool for trouble shooting or finding specific stuff on your network but not much chop for anything else. For billing etc there are better tools available. I feel routers should route (and switch too) and accounting packages should get the data from the router and account. Just my feelings. Teunis, Hobart, Tasmania Australia On Tuesday, January 23, 2001 at 08:45:39 AM, Deloso. Elmer G (WPNSTA Yorktown) wrote: Hello, group. Can someone give me feedback on implementing IP Accounting on the gateway router? I'd like to know it's plus / minus sides, cpu/memory load issues, etc. CCO doesn't seem to have much info on it. Thanks in advance. Elmer Deloso _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- www.tasmail.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: But isn't that the routers job???
"Guy Tal" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote, Plus routing of packets is done more quickly when done at the Switch level rather than having to go through the router for every packet. What's wrong with "going through the router," and how does routing through a switch differ from routing through a router? snip Making forwarding decisions on layer 3 information is routing. Period. I actually have to disagree here with your terminology I guess. Forwarding decisions are being made with Layer 3 information. The first time a packet hits that router, a decision is made as far as which exit interface the packet should be sent to and the best route for the packet to hit its destination, based on whatever policy/protocol the router is using to make that decision in the first place. It is only subsequent packets that are heading to the same destination that are spared the whole lookup process again. What you are describing is a special case of using a RIB as first lookup and a cache for subsequent lookup. That is indeed the case for fast and silicon switching, and probably silicon. It is not the case for CEF (there is no cache, only a full FIB synchronized one-to-one with the RIB), and is not the case for process switching (everything goes through the RIB). Maybe my last email didn't send properly, but I replied to this one last night that bypassing the RP is akin to an arp cache. Not all routers have RPs. If you're talking about a specific platform, be specific about that platform. You're making generalizations about all Cisco platforms and switching modes, much less non-Cisco products. If you have quantitative information that route lookup is a significant issue, please share it. Look at some Tolly group reports. Without an arp cache, your device would overload looking up mac addresses. While your router may not actually be crippled without this feature, and anyone that has worked with enough 7500s knows that VIP cards are not the most stable animals out there, it is a great feature if reduced latency is more important to you than money, which is a point you made earlier. There are more and less hardware intensive ways to make routing decisions. But the actual lookup time is rarely a limiting factor. I would have to disagree here as well. Perhaps lookup time isn't so bad if a router is sitting on a T1 somewhere, but when you have multiple oc48s tied into your router, processing time adds up, *real* quick. Again I ask, how do you know that lookup time is the problem? I work with gigabit routers, and indeed work on designing next-generation routers. Believe me, to run at line rate, destination lookup is not nearly the concern that filtering, traffic shaping, internal blocking, accounting, etc. are. Any commercial router that thinks about handling multiple OC-48's or more is multiprocessor, with separate forwarding and path determination processors. The processor types involved in the two areas may be different. A router with those speeds is almost certainly meant for ISP applications, and we are very concerned with keeping the routing protocol processing clean. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: OT (sort of) TAC Horror Stories
Bob, I never worked for Cisco TAC, but I was a TAC employee for two other networking companies over a 4 year period of time. Over the past two years, most network equipment manufacturers have had substantial backlogs of new orders that need to be filled as soon as possible. The QA groups are under a significant amount of pressure to get the products out the door as soon as possible, to fullfill those backorders. The manufacturers are under a lot of pressure to get the products assembled and shipped very quickly. The companies that manufacturer the components that go into the completed product are also under the gun to get the parts shipped out very quickly. Unfortunately, in order to get the speed, you have to take steps away from the QA process... The other strange phenomenon that I've seen happen before is that, since the sales force seems to have more clout than the logistics group that supplies the depots with spare parts, and sometimes the depots tend to get more refurbished products than new products. Sometimes, repair technicians do not find the problems that caused the refurbished product to be initially sent back to the company, because they to are under pressure to turn the product around, and ship it back out into the field, because of the backlog with manufacturing new products. Unfortunately, the only people in this entire cycle of chaos and bad quality who actually have to answer directly to the customers are the poor TAC Engineers, who have absolutely nothing to do with the entire process. The only thing that they have the power to do is authorize the shipment of replacement equipment to you. If that equipment is bad, TAC will have to deal with the next irrate phone call from the next dissatisfied customer. On a side note... After doing technical support for networking manufacturers over a 4 year period of time, maybe 1 out of 10 customers sent a thank you note showing appreciation for us helping them out after the problem was resolved. Maybe 1 out of 500 asked for your manager's email address to send a note letting them know what kind of job you did. Cisco sends out a survey to all TAC customers, but how many people respond? After my first consulting project was completed, the client treated us to Filet Mignon at Ruth's Chris Steakhouse. They even bought a take-home meal for my wife! So show your friendly TAC engineers some appreciation. If they help solve a problem that saves your company thousands or millions of dollars, send them a company shirt, hat, or a gift certificate to their favorite restaurant, or just fill out the survey praising their work. Because once they solve your problem, they are rewarded kindly by having to take the next major disaster out of the endless case queue! At 05:44 PM 1/23/01 -0800, Bob Johnson wrote: Just curious about other peoples experiences with TAC on products "gone bad"... 1) Get call while almost in bed at 9:30 PM 2) 3548XL GigE interface goes down... 3) Restart and power cycle switch to no avail.. 4) Swap out GBIC and fiber patch with no more luck... 5) Call TAC, luckily equipment is on 7x24x4 SmartNet.. 6) Actually get new switch in 3.5 hours delivered to site.. 7) While configuring notice fan does not work... 8) Install anyways and call TAC again (luckly unit was near HVAC vent)... 9) TAC agrees to send another unit but have to wait till next afternoon.. 10) Replacement arrives but half it's ports don't enable after boot (the LEDs stay sort of yellow) 11) TAC agrees to send another but it will take (this was on a Friday) till Monday... 12) Get replacement.. 13) Pull out of box and hear a serious rattle (must be atleast two parts loose in chassis) 14) TAC agrees to send another unit but need 3 days to find one... 15) Unit finally shows up and actually works (and didn't rattle) I was lucky as the first unit worked (though it's fan did not) and did not over heat (mainly due to it's location)... Had there been cooling problems I would have yanked a fan off one of the other units (though as the part was not a "service item" TAC did not support such creativeness).. Just curious as to what anyone elses TAC horror stories have been like? _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: neighbor command in eigrp router
neighbor ip-address defines a unicast address to which RIP, IGRP or EIGRP routing update should be send. Consider this situation. You have three routers on ethernet A,B,C. You want EIGRP beetween A and B, and beetween B and C but not beetwen A and C. You could accomplish this with passive interface command on A and C and neighbor command with B ip address on A and C. [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello I found the "neighbor" option in my routers under "router eigrp..." but i found no info on what that might do Does anybody know ? --- Gabriel Neagoe, GN379-RIPE Networking solutions consultant Cisco Certified Network Professional Cisco Certified Design Associate ST Romania tel: +401 20 40 300 fax: +401 20 40 310 --- _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: slash 31 address
Hello good guys of the group, can anyone with the knowledge of ip/31, help me? please. I need to know what it is use for, and how it works, pls. Thanks in advance, Michael Taiwo. Historically, /31 addresses, with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.254, were not usable because they only had two addresses, and these addresses were taken up for reserved values. There has been a rethinking of the problem (see below), but I have no idea of the implementation status in IOS. You will see that a couple of the authors work for Cisco. RFC 3021 Title: Using 31-Bit Prefixes on IPv4 Point-to-Point Links Author(s): A. Retana, R. White, V. Fuller, D. McPherson Status: Standards Track Date: December 2000 Mailbox:[EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] Pages: 10 Characters: 19771 Updates/Obsoletes/SeeAlso: None I-D Tag:draft-retana-31bits-03.txt URL:ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc3021.txt With ever-increasing pressure to conserve IP address space on the Internet, it makes sense to consider where relatively minor changes can be made to fielded practice to improve numbering efficiency. One such change, proposed by this document, is to halve the amount of address space assigned to point-to-point links (common throughout the Internet infrastructure) by allowing the use of 31-bit subnet masks in a very limited way. This is now a Proposed Standard Protocol. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: SNMP Mib's
check out this site www.cisco.com/public/mibs/traps/ I hope this helps.. -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: 24 January 2001 03:57 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: SNMP Mib's I am working with this SNMP trap program that has to have compiled MIB's (*.mib, *.my, *.mi2, *.smi, *.sm2,...). I went to the Cisco website to copy paste any .my file into notepad and then saved it as ciscomib.my or ciscomib.mib and then I compiled it under this trap program to make a binary file to import it into my trap program? Is their any Cisco mibs that are already compiled in a binary format ( .smidb ) ? Brian _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ** This email and any files transmitted with it are confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed. If you have received this email in error please notify the system manager. This footnote also confirms that this email message has been swept by MIMEsweeper for the presence of computer viruses. www.mimesweeper.com ** _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
SETTING UP DES ENCRYPTION
I am setting up 2 Cisco 3620's with a VPN using 3DES encryption with a DES/3DES VPN Encryption module. Never really set up this device in a router, but defintely not with VPN. I know this module increases performance a great deal comparred to the software solution. But I need some direction or helpful hits to configure this device. THANKS IN ADVANCE LEON BASS RS INFORMATION SYSTEMS MCSE, CCNA _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: neighbor command in eigrp router
used on NBMA networks such as frame relay. Turns the multicast into a directed broadcast/unicast -Original Message- From: remert [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: 24 January 2001 16:18 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: "neighbor" command in eigrp router neighbor ip-address defines a unicast address to which RIP, IGRP or EIGRP routing update should be send. Consider this situation. You have three routers on ethernet A,B,C. You want EIGRP beetween A and B, and beetween B and C but not beetwen A and C. You could accomplish this with passive interface command on A and C and neighbor command with B ip address on A and C. [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello I found the "neighbor" option in my routers under "router eigrp..." but i found no info on what that might do Does anybody know ? --- Gabriel Neagoe, GN379-RIPE Networking solutions consultant Cisco Certified Network Professional Cisco Certified Design Associate ST Romania tel: +401 20 40 300 fax: +401 20 40 310 --- _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: CCIE Practice lab ISDN
I'm at a similar crossroad, not enough money to buy everything, and no ISDN service in my country. Plus, with the cost of the simulator, I can buy a big router at ebay (or from you). Based on the labs I've been browsing, ISDN doesn't seem that important. Would you say I absolutely have to have an ISDN sim, I mean it's just ONE link in an otherwise pretty big scenario. Maybe I can get by with online racks? They all have ISDN even the cheapest ones. Thanks! Francisco Muniz. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: slash 31 address
On Wed, 24 Jan 2001, Brian Lodwick wrote: I have no idea why this would ever be used. This would allow 0 valid hosts. /30 masks are often used for Point-to-Point links since they allow for 2 hosts. Try wrapping your minds around this: http://cph.telstra.net/ietf/old-ids/draft-retana-31bits-02.txt _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Multiple Central Site Routers
I am working on a design that has two 7206vxrs connected to ds3s at a central site. For traffic coming to the central site I am planning to just make sure each site has a primary and then a secondary pvc (frame environment) pointing to the different routers and use OSPF to allow for load balancing of that traffic. For the traffic leaving the site, what is a good solution for redundancy and load balancing? I am sure there are tons of devices that will do it but I haven't ever used any and was wondering if you had any recommendations. It needs to support another device in hot standby and allow if one link goes down then all traffic will go out the other. Any ideas, recommendations, or other please let me know. Thanks Tim _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: CCIE Practice lab ISDN
Eric, I am in the same ship as you are and seriously thinking of taking 2 (TWO!) BRI lines at home with SEPARATE d-channels, because the telco takes shortcuts on that one. I am building my lab for CCNP and CCIE (If heaven supports me) I have been studying Caslows book, Cisco press CCIE Design and case studies, and I think you really need to go for 2 lines or a full SIMULATOR (group has discussed that one enough) of about 2000$. With this cert, practice is the key, not the cramming I'm used to. my .02c as a beginner Martijn Jansen MCP 18x CCNA -Oorspronkelijk bericht- Van: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]Namens Eric Gunn Verzonden: woensdag 24 januari 2001 1:08 Aan: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Onderwerp: CCIE Practice lab ISDN Hello, I am going to be taking out a loan and buying a CCIE practice lab early next month. I have a question about ISDN in a CCIE practice lab. I have an ISDN line at home which I use for Internet access. Is 1 Cisco isdn router enough for purposes of lab practice? Or is it a good idea to have 2 ISDN routers and an ISDN simulator to configure both ends of an ISDN connection? In this type of scenario is the money spent on an ISDN simulator better spent in other areas? Thank You, -Eric Gunn _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: slash 31 address
Howard just wrote in the same thing, that is pretty cool. I wonder what the command will be like in Ciscoease? Maybe: ip all hosts point-to-point after the address and mask is entered ip host-zero ip host-one Brian From: Andy [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Brian Lodwick [EMAIL PROTECTED] CC: [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: slash 31 address Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2001 08:35:59 + (/etc/localtime) On Wed, 24 Jan 2001, Brian Lodwick wrote: I have no idea why this would ever be used. This would allow 0 valid hosts. /30 masks are often used for Point-to-Point links since they allow for 2 hosts. Try wrapping your minds around this: http://cph.telstra.net/ietf/old-ids/draft-retana-31bits-02.txt _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: IP accounting
remember, ip accounting ONLY looks at outgoing packets so if it is configured on an ethernet interface, it looks at packets going out the wire. If it is on a wan link, it looks at packets leaving the router to the wan. "VanHaaren, Nicole" [EMAIL PROTECTED] 01/24/01 09:15AM This is just a command you enter on the router interface. e.g. int eth0 ip accounting output-packets Then you can do a 'sh ip account' to see results. -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 8:45 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:Re: IP accounting Hi, Where can I find such tools? Thanks. Bulent Sahin - Özgün Ýleti - Kimden: "Tony van Ree" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Kime: "Deloso. Elmer G (WPNSTA Yorktown)" [EMAIL PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Gönderme tarihi: 24 Ocak 2001 Çarþamba 00:22 Konu: Re: IP accounting Hi, IP accounting will slow down your router. I would tend to use it as a tool for trouble shooting or finding specific stuff on your network but not much chop for anything else. For billing etc there are better tools available. I feel routers should route (and switch too) and accounting packages should get the data from the router and account. Just my feelings. Teunis, Hobart, Tasmania Australia On Tuesday, January 23, 2001 at 08:45:39 AM, Deloso. Elmer G (WPNSTA Yorktown) wrote: Hello, group. Can someone give me feedback on implementing IP Accounting on the gateway router? I'd like to know it's plus / minus sides, cpu/memory load issues, etc. CCO doesn't seem to have much info on it. Thanks in advance. Elmer Deloso _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- www.tasmail.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
OT: NetIQ's Qcheck
Anyone have any experience with this? NetIQ's Qcheck runs circles around Ping and Traceroute. Qcheck tests not only response time but throughput and multimedia streaming performance too! Plus, the latest release of Qcheck features anywhere to-anywhere traceroute. Get this new network troubleshooting utility from NetIQ for FREE at http://nww1.com/go/1590776a.html ~~~ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Microsoft.com Blackout
Microsoft has confirmed that its corporate Web sites have become unavailable due to an as yet unidentified technical problem ... ... for me it is not unidentified ;-) it is a nameresolution problem of the nameservers in the msft.net domain. I get a port unreachable message from there and if you connect to these dns-servers with nslookup you can't list anything (no, it not a query refused ;-)), on the other side you can connect to all ms-newsgroup with the ip-address only, so the whole *.microsoft.com is affected _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: neighbor command in eigrp router
Why don't you use different autonomous sytem numbers? -Original Message- From: Andrew Larkins [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 4:40 PM To: remert; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: "neighbor" command in eigrp router used on NBMA networks such as frame relay. Turns the multicast into a directed broadcast/unicast -Original Message- From: remert [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: 24 January 2001 16:18 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: "neighbor" command in eigrp router neighbor ip-address defines a unicast address to which RIP, IGRP or EIGRP routing update should be send. Consider this situation. You have three routers on ethernet A,B,C. You want EIGRP beetween A and B, and beetween B and C but not beetwen A and C. You could accomplish this with passive interface command on A and C and neighbor command with B ip address on A and C. [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello I found the "neighbor" option in my routers under "router eigrp..." but i found no info on what that might do Does anybody know ? --- Gabriel Neagoe, GN379-RIPE Networking solutions consultant Cisco Certified Network Professional Cisco Certified Design Associate ST Romania tel: +401 20 40 300 fax: +401 20 40 310 --- _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Cisco PIX, IPSEC and activation Key
Dietmar, Hi! I havent had much experience with the 506 model, but with the 520 model in order to use a different/another activation key, you will need to upgrade or re-install the Pix IOS. If you are still need help, please e-mail me off-line. thanks -Brad Ellis CCIE#5796 [EMAIL PROTECTED] Cisco Hardware: www.optsys.net ""Dietmar Prantner"" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message 000c01c0860f$b75fe380$[EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:000c01c0860f$b75fe380$[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hi there, I've got a Pix 506 to play with and wanted to configure some IPSEC-Settings... The PIX told me that it needs an activation key... I ordered the key through the web-form and when I received it I wanted to activate it... As the Pix was already in use without activation key I was not prompted for a new key anymore. In the Cisco-documentation i read that there is no command to change the activation key and that I have to install a new Software to the Pix to activate the key... I tried to download new software but I was not allowed to - so could someone please tell me how to change the activation key without having another software-package? best regards Dietmar Prantner ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
New User
Hi All I've just subscribed to the newsgroup, I'm currently studying for my CCNP Switching exam and work in the VoIP area. If anyone can give me some advice on how to view discussion on these subjects I'll be very grateful regards Pat _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Slightly OT: VoIP Quality
Hi I Don´t know the quality of Nortel equipment for VoIP, but I would not recommend on any case, to use custom queueing if you have voice, as it can create variable delays, and lower a lot your final voice quality. Stay with LLC (correctly configured) on all of the path... VoIP should get almost perfect quality, if you provide the correct bandwidth/delay for the path Regards! John Neiberger wrote: We have implemented VoIP at two of our branches as a test. We are using Nortel ITG cards in the branch PBX to convert the calls to IP and then we connect the card to a Cisco 2924XL switch with all voice traffic in its own VLAN. Then the traffic hits a 2620 router with LLQ configured. The voice calls then go through another branch with custom queueing configured, then to the destination branch with the same setup as the first branch. This is now up and running without any serious glitches, but the users at the branches complain that all incoming calls sound like cell phone calls. Is this the type of quality we can expect from this technology? Is it a natural result of packetizing real-time voice traffic? Or, can we expect better? Any thoughts or tips would be appreciated. Thanks, John ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- --- Javier Contreras Albesa Professional Trainer PRO IN Training S.L. PROfessional Information Networks World Trade Center, Moll de Barcelona S/N Edif Sur, Planta 4 Phone: (+34) 93-5088850 E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fax: (+34) 93-5088860 Internet: http://www.proin.com SHAPING THE FUTURE - BE PART OF IT! _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Calls are coming through 2 PRI inerfaces
Hello There is a following problem: I have AS5300 server with two PRI ports. He has two pools of dial-in users which are calling two different telephone number. Each of two telephone number is associated with different PRI link. I'm using TACACS+ for authorization and callback connections. The problem is: If one of analog users is calling to the server, he is using phone number assigned to one of two PRI links and this call is coming to the server through specified PRI link. Unfortuately when server is trying to make callback connections to the user, thhis call is not going through the same PRI link. First callback call is going through first PRI, second outgoing call is going through second PRI, next one through first PRI again, and so on. How can I specify that if incoming call is coming through PRI number 1, the callback call should be done through the same PRI interface number 1 ? Regards EMil _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Disabling American Online Instant-messenger(AIM) and Yahoo IM
Look at the orignal post: Has anyone implemented port filtering to disable AOL instant messenger and Yahoo instant messenger? If you have, could you send me the ports they use on those? Could you also tell me what techniques you used, doing it at the firellwall(pix) or the router? Thanks for any input. I don't see anything about blocking IP addresses! Let me know if you want me to spell out for you. Nabil -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Patrick Bass Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 5:42 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Disabling American Online Instant-messenger(AIM) and Yahoo IM Who said anything about blocking ports? Read the post again. I said block the IPs of the servers. Sheesh. "Nabil Fares" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Disabling these ports to prevent users from using these application isn't going to do you any good. Simply put, both apps use port 80 as the last option to access their servers. I'm not really sure you can stop these users!. Nabil -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Patrick Bass Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 1:58 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Disabling American Online Instant-messenger(AIM) and Yahoo IM Find out the server IPs and use outbound deny at the pix. I did this to block napster and other bandwidth hogs. Frank Kim [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Has anyone implemented port filtering to disable AOL instant messenger and Yahoo instant messenger? If you have, could you send me the ports they use on those? Could you also tell me what techniques you used, doing it at the firellwall(pix) or the router? Thanks for any input. -Frank _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Microsoft.com Blackout
I wonder if there is a connection to the hack of their New Zealand corp site? Kill everything whilst conducting a security audit? From: Andy Barkl [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: Andy Barkl [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Microsoft.com Blackout Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2001 08:34:13 -0700 Received: from [63.104.50.75] by hotmail.com (3.2) with ESMTP id MHotMailBC3845A9009C4004318E3F68324B0D6112; Wed Jan 24 07:54:52 2001 Received: from localhost (mail@localhost)by groupstudy.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id LAA13481;Wed, 24 Jan 2001 11:51:17 -0500 Received: by groupstudy.com (bulk_mailer v1.12); Wed, 24 Jan 2001 11:40:08 -0500 Received: (from listserver@localhost)by groupstudy.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) id LAA12061GroupStudy Mailer; Wed, 24 Jan 2001 11:40:07 -0500 Received: from smtp04.primenet.com (smtp04.primenet.com [206.165.6.134])by groupstudy.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA12041GroupStudy Mailer; Wed, 24 Jan 2001 11:40:06 -0500 Received: (from daemon@localhost)by smtp04.primenet.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) id IAA04002for [EMAIL PROTECTED]; Wed, 24 Jan 2001 08:27:12 -0700 (MST) Received: from abarkl.phx.primenet.com(206.132.239.133), claiming to be "w2kprosrv1.primenet.com" via SMTP by smtp04.primenet.com, id smtpdAAA2qayPh; Wed Jan 24 08:27:02 2001 From [EMAIL PROTECTED] Wed Jan 24 07:55:00 2001 Message-Id: [EMAIL PROTECTED] X-Sender: [EMAIL PROTECTED] X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.0.2 Sender: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Precedence: bulk Microsoft has confirmed that its corporate Web sites have become unavailable due to an as yet unidentified technical problem ... ... for me it is not unidentified ;-) it is a nameresolution problem of the nameservers in the msft.net domain. I get a port unreachable message from there and if you connect to these dns-servers with nslookup you can't list anything (no, it not a query refused ;-)), on the other side you can connect to all ms-newsgroup with the ip-address only, so the whole *.microsoft.com is affected _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
small question in NAT
Dear All : I 've small question in NAT. I went the inside user 192.168.4.x ~ 6.X can access the outside resouces include DNS ,News server..etc. thought the Fae 0/0 203.60.226.141 port How to config the nat config in this router fae 0/0. Thanks ! Building configuration... Current configuration : 1949 bytes ! version 12.1 service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption ! hostname Router_USA_NewT ! boot system flash c7200-jo3s56i-mz.121-6.bin enable password ! ! ip subnet-zero no ip finger ! ip audit notify log ip audit po max-events 100 ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 203.60.226.141 255.255.255.0 half-duplex ! interface FastEthernet1/0 no ip address shutdown half-duplex ! interface FastEthernet1/1 no ip address shutdown half-duplex ! interface ATM2/0 no ip address no atm ilmi-keepalive ! interface ATM2/0.1 point-to-point ip address 10.200.1.2 255.255.255.0 rate-limit output access-group 101 96000 24000 24000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop rate-limit output access-group 101 12000 96000 96000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop pvc 0/1 encapsulation aal5snap ! ! router bgp 30 bgp log-neighbor-changes network 203.60.226.0 neighbor 10.200.1.1 remote-as 20 neighbor 10.200.2.1 remote-as 20 neighbor 10.200.3.1 remote-as 20 ! ip classless ip route 203.60.226.0 255.255.255.0 FastEthernet0/0 no ip http server ! access-list 101 permit ip 203.60.226.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 101 permit icmp 203.60.226.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 102 permit ip 203.60.226.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255 route-map vc_1 permit 10 match ip address 101 set interface ATM2/0.1 ! snmp-server engineID local 000902024A195400 snmp-server user admin admin v3 snmp-server group admin v3 noauth notify *tv.. snmp-server community public RO snmp-server community RO view v1default RO snmp-server enable traps snmp snmp-server enable traps atm pvc snmp-server enable traps config snmp-server enable traps envmon snmp-server enable traps bgp snmp-server host 10.10.1.2 version 3 noauth admin ! ! line con 0 transport input none line aux 0 line vty 0 4 no login ! end _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: ccie security beta results
Hi Just received mine today (in barcelona, spain), and passed... :-) I litle low, but I dind´t have time to study nothing on IDS. Regards! admin wrote: Did anyone pass this beta with 650 or better?? Thanks Please only reply to this address, I am not a member anymore P _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- --- Javier Contreras Albesa Professional Trainer PRO IN Training S.L. PROfessional Information Networks World Trade Center, Moll de Barcelona S/N Edif Sur, Planta 4 Phone: (+34) 93-5088850 E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fax: (+34) 93-5088860 Internet: http://www.proin.com SHAPING THE FUTURE - BE PART OF IT! _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Slightly OT: VoIP Quality
Unfortunately, I had to implement custom queueing on a couple of routers because they're running 11.2(18). We are going to upgrade to a 2620 running 12.1(6) in the near future and then I'll be able to configure LLQ on those as well. Perhaps I should try priority queueing, instead. PQ spooks me, though. It seems to allow the high queue to take over the world at the expense of everything else. CQ seemed to be a little more fair about the whole deal. I'll check into that some more. Thanks! John Hi I Don´t know the quality of Nortel equipment for VoIP, but I would not recommend on any case, to use custom queueing if you have voice, as it can create variable delays, and lower a lot your final voice quality. Stay with LLC (correctly configured) on all of the path... VoIP should get almost perfect quality, if you provide the correct bandwidth/delay for the path Regards! John Neiberger wrote: We have implemented VoIP at two of our branches as a test. We are using Nortel ITG cards in the branch PBX to convert the calls to IP and then we connect the card to a Cisco 2924XL switch with all voice traffic in its own VLAN. Then the traffic hits a 2620 router with LLQ configured. The voice calls then go through another branch with custom queueing configured, then to the destination branch with the same setup as the first branch. This is now up and running without any serious glitches, but the users at the branches complain that all incoming calls sound like cell phone calls. Is this the type of quality we can expect from this technology? Is it a natural result of packetizing real-time voice traffic? Or, can we expect better? Any thoughts or tips would be appreciated. Thanks, John ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- --- Javier Contreras Albesa Professional Trainer PRO IN Training S.L. PROfessional Information Networks World Trade Center, Moll de Barcelona S/N Edif Sur, Planta 4 Phone: (+34) 93-5088850 E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fax: (+34) 93-5088860 Internet: http://www.proin.com SHAPING THE FUTURE - BE PART OF IT! _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Ynt: Disabling American Online Instant-messenger(AIM) and Yahoo IM
If you are using a router to do this, such a access-list will work. access-list 102 deny tcp any any eq 5050 access-list 102 permit ip any any int ethernet 0 ip access-group 102 in Note: I supposed that, users' packets are coming from ethernet 0 interface. - Özgün Ýleti - Kimden: "Frank Kim" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Kime: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Gönderme tarihi: 23 Ocak 2001 Salý 19:21 Konu: Disabling American Online Instant-messenger(AIM) and Yahoo IM Has anyone implemented port filtering to disable AOL instant messenger and Yahoo instant messenger? If you have, could you send me the ports they use on those? Could you also tell me what techniques you used, doing it at the firellwall(pix) or the router? Thanks for any input. -Frank _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
post CCIE written clarification
Got the written out of the way and am now going back to the basics to help start preparing for the lab. One thing I cannot get clear and can't find any good references for on CCO is the difference (if there is one) between point to multipoint and nbma topologies. I have discussed this at length with my peers and am still drawing a blank. If anyone can clarify this or refence a good URL it would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. Charles [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Compression and OSPF
Group, In an environment where you have 2, 56K links to a destination, but one of the links has compression enabled, would OSPF assign a different cost to the link with the compression algorithm enabled on it or would it assign equal cost to both links since they are essentially are both the same bandwidth? Also how do you enable encryption on a link and still benefit from a compression algorithm? Brian _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
AS5300 question.
Hey all! I have a question regarding an AS5300 and a command I believed to be = implimented in 11.3. A customer of my company has an AS5300 running = Cisco IOS 12.0(6), and is saying the command we told them to impliment = on the AS5300's is not there. The command was "aaa accounting delay-start", my question is, is = there someway to find out if this command was not implimented in that = version, or possibly changed to someother statement, without having to = go into there AS directly? I've searched CCO, and haven't found any = information that I believe is relevant. Thanks in advance everyone! Jason _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
BCMSN Question
Hi All, I am hoping to be ready to take the CCNP Switching exam this Friday. Does anyone know the number of questions and the passing score? Thanks, Tom -- Tom Keough, CCNA MCSE ATT Global Network Managed Router Solutions Tier two support Tampa, Fl _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: post CCIE written clarification
Charles, I'm currently struggling with the same... (I'm taking BSCN this Tuesday) here's the def's from the Cisco press BSCN course book. Point to Multipoint - treats the nonbroadcast network as a collection of point to point links. NBMA - Emulates a broadcast network, usually used in a fully meshed environment, some configuration necessary and for good measure an RFC: RFC 2328 Congrats on the written, Tim -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Charles Henson Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 6:29 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: post CCIE written clarification Got the written out of the way and am now going back to the basics to help start preparing for the lab. One thing I cannot get clear and can't find any good references for on CCO is the difference (if there is one) between point to multipoint and nbma topologies. I have discussed this at length with my peers and am still drawing a blank. If anyone can clarify this or refence a good URL it would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. Charles [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: post CCIE written clarification
I think it would be safe to say that I could configure point to point (using subinterfaces) over a nbma topology. NBMA is more generic terminology than point to multipoint. For example ATM is a NBMA technoloy, yet it does not have to be set up in a point to multipoint configuration. -Original Message- From: Charles Henson [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 12:29 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: post CCIE written clarification Got the written out of the way and am now going back to the basics to help start preparing for the lab. One thing I cannot get clear and can't find any good references for on CCO is the difference (if there is one) between point to multipoint and nbma topologies. I have discussed this at length with my peers and am still drawing a blank. If anyone can clarify this or refence a good URL it would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. Charles [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: 2900's
There is a known bug in some of the IOS versions for the 3500 series switch. You can go to Cisco's web site to find the exact version. The switch will sometimes reboot when connect through the console port. Thanks Stan Rossetti Russia Services Group Voice: (256) 544-5031 Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Beeper: 544-1183 pin 0112 CCDA, CCNA, CCSE -Original Message- From: Bolton, Travis [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 7:02 PM To: 'Tony van Ree'; Jeff; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject:RE: 2900's If you do a "show ver" won't it just tell you that the switch was power recycled. It won't tell you specifically what the problem is. I'm not a guru but isnt' there a way to see if the switch produced some type of errors that might indicate what the problem is? Like using show stacker or something like that. Just my 2 cents worth. -Original Message- From: Tony van Ree [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 6:17 PM To: Jeff; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: 2900's Hi Jeff, Do a "show ver" this will show you why they are rebooting. In a batch that I had once I got one that did it and it was a bad power supply. I don't know where you are but in our case these were covered under warranty. Teunis Hobart, Tasmania Australia On Tuesday, January 23, 2001 at 09:33:19 AM, Jeff wrote: I just got some 2924-XL's in and I'm currently configuring them... one thing I notice though is that every so often they automatically reboot! Any ideas? Jeff _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- www.tasmail.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Compression and OSPF
Group, In an environment where you have 2, 56K links to a destination, but one of the links has compression enabled, would OSPF assign a different cost to the link with the compression algorithm enabled on it or would it assign equal cost to both links since they are essentially are both the same bandwidth? By default, it will assign equal costs. Remember, though, that the OSPF specification doesn't define any meaning of cost. Much of the industry has chosen to use bandwidth-based cost, but you are describing exactly the sort of situation where manually assigned costs may be appropriate. Also how do you enable encryption on a link and still benefit from a compression algorithm? Brian You don't. Good encryption should remove all redundancy, so compression can't do anything with it. You may, however, get benefit from compressing before encrypting, especially at an application level. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
why there is an ethernet frame size limitation
Hello Guys: What i want to know is why there is a limit that ethernet frame size cannot be less than 64 bytes and more than 1526 bytes. I know that this is how ethernet should be understand but whats the logic behind it. Similarly why we are limiting cell size of ATM to 53 bytes. Regards Azhar Soomro Get free email and a permanent address at http://www.netaddress.com/?N=1 _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Mostly an OSPF issue
The P-MP is an OSPF feature/network type. There 4 ways (that I know of) to set up NMBA with OSPF, not using subinterfaces. You need to know all of them for the lab. Once you've lab'd them you'll get it. If you don't already have them you need; Routing TCP/IP Vol 1 - Jeff Doyle Internet Routing Architectures Second Edition - Sam Halibi Cisco Certification - Caslow Charles Henson wrote: Got the written out of the way and am now going back to the basics to help start preparing for the lab. One thing I cannot get clear and can't find any good references for on CCO is the difference (if there is one) between point to multipoint and nbma topologies. I have discussed this at length with my peers and am still drawing a blank. If anyone can clarify this or refence a good URL it would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. Charles [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: why there is an ethernet frame size limitation
I know the reason for two of three. 1) Why is the Ethernet minimum frame size of 64 bytes? Ethernet timing is based upon "bit time" the time a bit takes to travel the distance of an maximum Ethernet segment length 100m or 328 ft. The minimum frame size 64 bytes equals 512 bits or 512 bit times to travel the wire. This has to do with a host on one end of the wire listening to use the wire and another host on the opposite end transmitting. Note: This does not include the Preamble. 2) Why is the Ethernet maximum frame size of 1518 bytes(not 1526)? I guess for a similar reason. Remember most Ethernet implementations are share media. So everyone host is contending for access to the wire. That is why Ethernet is contention based and Token Ring FDDI are deterministic. A packet to large would actually allow less hosts per segment to transmit their data in a timely fashion. 3) Why is the ATM frame size 53 bytes? I do know exactly why 53 bytes was picked. I do know why a small frame size was picked. A ATM packet has two parts: Address and Payload. The Address is 5 bytes long and the Payload is 48 bytes longs. ATM was designed as a Multi-service access medium, i.e. to handle Data, Voice, and Multimedia content. The "Holy Grail" of voice transmission is delay and jitter. When the Delay in voice transmission is more than 250ms, humans start talking before the other person has finished. Resulting in a garbled conversion. It takes less time to fill small frames with data. All the frames are the same size so the transmission time, for a given network, is constant. QoS, Quality of Service, features are implemented in ATM to guarantee delivery of time sensitive frames like voice. I hoe this helps. A good Ethernet book with some ATM and FDDI information is Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet ISBN: 1-57870-073-6 -dlb "azhar mumtaz" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hello Guys: What i want to know is why there is a limit that ethernet frame size cannot be less than 64 bytes and more than 1526 bytes. I know that this is how ethernet should be understand but whats the logic behind it. Similarly why we are limiting cell size of ATM to 53 bytes. Regards Azhar Soomro Get free email and a permanent address at http://www.netaddress.com/?N=1 _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: sdlc question
I continued looking into this and found some stuff out. I still hold to that I know almost nothing about SNA but heres what I think I learned today.. In order for an IP host to talk to an SNA mainframe you need a gateway and also some sort of software (like a 3270 emulator) on the IP host to talk to the gateway. The gateway talks IP to the host and SNA to the mainframe. The only way to do this without needing a gateway is if you use a Cisco 7000 series router with a card called an ESCON card which can function as a gateway. Heres a good link on what I learned. I'm still reading it but I thought you might find it interesting. It basically talks about how SNA is on its way out the door being replaced by IP and how a lot of businesses are doing the migration in 4 steps. http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/so/neso/ibso/snaip_bc.htm Cory -Original Message- From: John Neiberger [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 8:49 PM To: Stull, Cory Subject: RE: sdlc question Wow, thanks! I appreciate the compliment. As I mentioned, I'm not much of an SNA guy, I know just enough to be hazardous. That one server I talked about is the only time I've ever seen a Windows-type Intel-based server speak SDLC. It's completely vendor-controlled, we just hooked it up to our network and like any of our other SNA devices at they configured it. Because of that, I have absolutely no idea what they have running under the hood. I was basically handed a serial cable and they said "Connect this to your router." :-) If I run across some info on it, though, I'll pass it along. John Thanks John.. Always appreciate your help. Your a great contributor to this list. Cory -Original Message- From: John Neiberger [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 5:25 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: sdlc question Yes, you can do this but I'm not sure of the details. We have equipment from another vendor in our network that does exactly what you're talking about. It's an NT server, but it's speaks SDLC on a serial port and it exists as a PU on our SNA network. The router port is configured in the same way we would configure it for IBM terminal controllers or our Automated Teller Machines. At this point, though, IP is irrelevant so I don't know if this answers your question or not. In this case, you wouldn't really be converting it, per say, just adding different functionality. It's like asking "Can I convert my BMW into a waffle iron?" Well...yes, but it will no longer resemble a car. :-) I hope that helps. I wish I had some more details to give you but I really don't know that much about SNA. Regards, John legacy protocol guru's, Forgive my ingorance on this subject I know almost nothing about SNA, SDLC, BYSINC, etc... Can you take an ip host and convert it to speak to an sdlc or bysinc mainframe like you would enable an ethernet host to speak token ring? Thanks Cory _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CCIE Lab swap
Greetings, I have a lab date on 7-2-01 in San Jose. Does anyone have an ealier test date that would like to trade? thanks, Ron Carithers mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: why there is an ethernet frame size limitation
3) Why is the ATM frame size 53 bytes? I bet if we counted how many times this question was asked it would be near 100. Well if telecom guys would've gotten their way and the size was set for telecom to prevent delay and jitter it would've been smaller than 32 bytes. What I have read is that it was a compromise between the data side (wanted atleast 128 bytes)and the telecom side (wanted less than 32 bytes or it would need echo suppressors) which I'm sure made everyone evenly upset. Brian From: "David L. Blair" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: "David L. Blair" [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: why there is an ethernet frame size limitation Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2001 14:28:31 -0500 I know the reason for two of three. 1) Why is the Ethernet minimum frame size of 64 bytes? Ethernet timing is based upon "bit time" the time a bit takes to travel the distance of an maximum Ethernet segment length 100m or 328 ft. The minimum frame size 64 bytes equals 512 bits or 512 bit times to travel the wire. This has to do with a host on one end of the wire listening to use the wire and another host on the opposite end transmitting. Note: This does not include the Preamble. 2) Why is the Ethernet maximum frame size of 1518 bytes(not 1526)? I guess for a similar reason. Remember most Ethernet implementations are share media. So everyone host is contending for access to the wire. That is why Ethernet is contention based and Token Ring FDDI are deterministic. A packet to large would actually allow less hosts per segment to transmit their data in a timely fashion. 3) Why is the ATM frame size 53 bytes? I do know exactly why 53 bytes was picked. I do know why a small frame size was picked. A ATM packet has two parts: Address and Payload. The Address is 5 bytes long and the Payload is 48 bytes longs. ATM was designed as a Multi-service access medium, i.e. to handle Data, Voice, and Multimedia content. The "Holy Grail" of voice transmission is delay and jitter. When the Delay in voice transmission is more than 250ms, humans start talking before the other person has finished. Resulting in a garbled conversion. It takes less time to fill small frames with data. All the frames are the same size so the transmission time, for a given network, is constant. QoS, Quality of Service, features are implemented in ATM to guarantee delivery of time sensitive frames like voice. I hoe this helps. A good Ethernet book with some ATM and FDDI information is Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet ISBN: 1-57870-073-6 -dlb "azhar mumtaz" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hello Guys: What i want to know is why there is a limit that ethernet frame size cannot be less than 64 bytes and more than 1526 bytes. I know that this is how ethernet should be understand but whats the logic behind it. Similarly why we are limiting cell size of ATM to 53 bytes. Regards Azhar Soomro Get free email and a permanent address at http://www.netaddress.com/?N=1 _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: why there is an ethernet frame size limitation
Azhar. Buy a book! or use a search engine. This stuff is out there Ethernet Frame Size. 64bytes*8bits/10M = 50uS knock off a bit for 2 repeaters, e.g. 10uS per repeater = 30uS x signal propagation (glass/copper = 2/3*c = 2m/s) = 6000m / 2 to get a return path = 3000m for the max extended LAN ATM Cell. Arbitary. It's a compromise between data requiring large payloads and real time apps requiring speedier delivery, i.e. small payloads (= smaller insertion delays). The payload had to be a n*8bytes used by common voice compression techniques and ended up at 48 (arbitary). The header was also arbitary and ended up at 5 bytes. When ANSI and ITU ratified the specs that was it. azhar mumtaz wrote: Hello Guys: What i want to know is why there is a limit that ethernet frame size cannot be less than 64 bytes and more than 1526 bytes. I know that this is how ethernet should be understand but whats the logic behind it. Similarly why we are limiting cell size of ATM to 53 bytes. Regards Azhar Soomro Get free email and a permanent address at http://www.netaddress.com/?N=1 _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: sdlc question
I went back and read the first question again and realized that I misread it. I thought Cory was asking how to convert an ip host to speak SDLC or bisync. I see now that he just wanted to speak to an SNA host. Just about every PC in our network has a tn3270 client running on it, either Rhumba or Host Explorer, and those communicate via IP with the TN3270 Server running on the Channel Interface Processor in our 7513, which is channel-attached via escon connections to our mainframe. That's a pricey solution, but if you need that functionality it does the job quite well. So, it appears you have some options depending on what you're actually trying to accomplish. It's possible to make the PC speak SDLC over serial lines, or you can use tn3270 over IP if you have a tn3270 server available. John I continued looking into this and found some stuff out. I still hold to that I know almost nothing about SNA but heres what I think I learned today.. In order for an IP host to talk to an SNA mainframe you need a gateway and also some sort of software (like a 3270 emulator) on the IP host to talk to the gateway. The gateway talks IP to the host and SNA to the mainframe. The only way to do this without needing a gateway is if you use a Cisco 7000 series router with a card called an ESCON card which can function as a gateway. Heres a good link on what I learned. I'm still reading it but I thought you might find it interesting. It basically talks about how SNA is on its way out the door being replaced by IP and how a lot of businesses are doing the migration in 4 steps. http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/so/neso/ibso/snaip_bc.htm Cory -Original Message- From: John Neiberger [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 8:49 PM To: Stull, Cory Subject: RE: sdlc question Wow, thanks! I appreciate the compliment. As I mentioned, I'm not much of an SNA guy, I know just enough to be hazardous. That one server I talked about is the only time I've ever seen a Windows-type Intel-based server speak SDLC. It's completely vendor-controlled, we just hooked it up to our network and like any of our other SNA devices at they configured it. Because of that, I have absolutely no idea what they have running under the hood. I was basically handed a serial cable and they said "Connect this to your router." :-) If I run across some info on it, though, I'll pass it along. John Thanks John.. Always appreciate your help. Your a great contributor to this list. Cory -Original Message- From: John Neiberger [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 5:25 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: sdlc question Yes, you can do this but I'm not sure of the details. We have equipment from another vendor in our network that does exactly what you're talking about. It's an NT server, but it's speaks SDLC on a serial port and it exists as a PU on our SNA network. The router port is configured in the same way we would configure it for IBM terminal controllers or our Automated Teller Machines. At this point, though, IP is irrelevant so I don't know if this answers your question or not. In this case, you wouldn't really be converting it, per say, just adding different functionality. It's like asking "Can I convert my BMW into a waffle iron?" Well...yes, but it will no longer resemble a car. :-) I hope that helps. I wish I had some more details to give you but I really don't know that much about SNA. Regards, John legacy protocol guru's, Forgive my ingorance on this subject I know almost nothing about SNA, SDLC, BYSINC, etc... Can you take an ip host and convert it to speak to an sdlc or bysinc mainframe like you would enable an ethernet host to speak token ring? Thanks Cory _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Send a cool gift with your E-Card http://www.bluemountain.com/giftcenter/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to
RE: Compression and OSPF
I notice that people often use the terms "cost" and "metric" interchangeably. Are they one in the same? Chris -Original Message- From: Howard C. Berkowitz [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 1:24 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Compression and OSPF Group, In an environment where you have 2, 56K links to a destination, but one of the links has compression enabled, would OSPF assign a different cost to the link with the compression algorithm enabled on it or would it assign equal cost to both links since they are essentially are both the same bandwidth? By default, it will assign equal costs. Remember, though, that the OSPF specification doesn't define any meaning of cost. Much of the industry has chosen to use bandwidth-based cost, but you are describing exactly the sort of situation where manually assigned costs may be appropriate. Also how do you enable encryption on a link and still benefit from a compression algorithm? Brian You don't. Good encryption should remove all redundancy, so compression can't do anything with it. You may, however, get benefit from compressing before encrypting, especially at an application level. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
process-max-time
Hello, Can anybody tell me what's the meaning of ios command = "process-max-time". I couldn't find it on CD. Thanks. Yi=20 _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
whois microsoft.com
Quick! do a whois no microsoft.com. It's been hacked ;) _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
dial-on-demand question
I have three remote sites connected to a central site through a VPN (over the Internet). Suppose only one link to the ISP at the remote locations could be down at a given time and there is only ONE async interface available on each router. How could I back-up connectivity to the central site using DDR? The problem I see is routing at the central site. The router has no way to know when the remote link to the ISP is failing, it can only see when his own async interface is coming up due to a DDR call. If it was only one remote site or I had three async interfaces at the central site I think know how to do it, but otherwise... Thanks, Mihai _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
BRI interface
Hi, I have a Cisco 2503 and a Cisco 2522DC router. They both have BRI interface. However, how can I check out that whether they are U interface or S/T interface? The cisco web site just says that this is a BRI interface without specifying what kind it is. (Both routers are for Canada routers) Thanks Hubert _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
unknown passwords
Hello, I have a 2501 and 2503 that are password protected (console password and enable password) and the passwords are not known. I'm following a cisco doc that provides instruction on how to recover from lost passwords but it is not working. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/iaabu/distrdir/dd4700m/troub le.htm#35805 I'm using HyperTerminal and hitting the "break-key" and/or "ctrl-C" upon a power recycle. It's set on terminal key setting. Any suggestions? TIA!!! Robert Robert M. Lopez Network Planning Ann Arbor Data Center Pfizer Global Research Development Phone 734-622-3948 Fax 734-622-1690 _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: whois microsoft.com
Oh that is just so funny To bad I can't paste the whois in here lol Allen May wrote: Quick! do a whois no microsoft.com. It's been hacked ;) _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Natasha Flazynski 440.949.1399 http://www.ciscobot.com My Cisco information site. http://www.botbuilders.com Artificial Intelligence and Linux development A bus station is where a bus stops. A train station is where a train stops. On my desk, I have a work station... _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: slash 31 address
Yes, but on a point-to-point link, so what if you use the network number and broadcast address to identify the two nodes? If one station sends to the broadcast address it's not a problem, there's only one other station anyway! I think /31 should be allowed on point-to-point links. Priscilla At 08:22 AM 1/24/01, Jeff McCoy wrote: Michael... /30 = 4 address (1st is network number, 2 3 host ip's, 4th is broadcast address) /31 = 2 address (1st is network number, 2nd is broadcast address) no host ip's...this is not useful.. /32 = 1 address (1 host address) i use this for loopbacks ""Neil Schneider"" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message 94mool$d33$[EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:94mool$d33$[EMAIL PROTECTED]... AFAIK you can only go as far as /30. Neil Schneider [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hello good guys of the group, can anyone with the knowledge of ip/31, help me? please. I need to know what it is use for, and how it works, pls. Thanks in advance, Michael Taiwo. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: But isn't that the routers job???
The OSI term is "relay." I like that. A relay that forwards (relays) protocol data units (PDUs) based on network-layer information is a router. (Let's outlaw terminology that would say "a device that switches packets based on network-layer information is a router." It's just too confusing.) A relay that forwards (relays) PDUs based on data-link-layer information is a bridge. Modern-day, high-speed, multiple-port bridges are called switches. Wouldn't it be nice if we could get everyone to use this simple terminology!? ;-) Priscilla At 10:25 PM 1/23/01, Peter Van Oene wrote: In keeping with Howard's previous comment, let's try and sponsor some clarity in the technical world and ban the word switch. In this context, we are talking about control vs forwarding. Packets can be routed in the sense of being sent to their respective IP next hop in hardware vs in a traditional software process. In this sense, we are forwarding traffic based on IP layer information at optimal speed. We are making forwarding decisions based on forwarding table state that has been created by a control function at the IP layer. We are not in any way bridging anything which the term "switch" tends to convey. *** REPLY SEPARATOR *** On 1/23/2001 at 7:06 PM Bolton, Travis wrote: Plus routing of packets is done more quickly when done at the Switch level rather than having to go through the router for every packet. -Original Message- From: Flem [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 6:21 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: But isn't that the routers job??? Or just do 'sh process cpu' on a router and see all processes that needs cpu intervention . flem --- Priscilla Oppenheimer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The other major thing the CPU has to do besides switch (route) packets to their output interface is learn the network topology. It learns the network topology and the best path to remote networks by participating in routing protocols. Some other things that the CPU does (depending on the configuration) is access lists, fancy queuing, SAP, ZIP, NAT, handle input at the console, SNMP, CDP, HSRP, IGMP, PIM, STUN, proxy stuff, and a zillion other TLAs and FLAs. :-) Priscilla At 11:05 PM 1/22/01, you wrote: Hey Group, Me again. I'm reading for my CIT and am at the section where it goes into detail of the various switching methods in the router (i.e., silicon, CEF, autonomous, etc.) I understand how all this works and understand how the SP takes a lot of the stress away from the RP and this is good because your avoiding bogging the RP/CPU down. I have a problem with these statements though and want some clarification... Taken form the book (Lammle's CIT p. 173): "This is just another reason why switching is such a good practice. Why burden the RP with every packet if it's not necessary? By using switching methods, the RP is free to use valuable CPU time on more important things than doing route lookups for every packet that comes in the router." Correct me if I'm wrong but isn't that what a routers supposed to do??? What else does the RP have to do that is more important than ROUTING? I may be overanalyzing this but it just seems that he's saying that the RP has better things to do like make coffee, rather than route. Basically, could somebody give me a list of some other things the RP/CPU has to do other than route lookups...(I know there are access-lists and other CPU things here, I just would like a solid list to remember). Thanks team, Mark Zabludovsky ~ CCNA, CCDA, 3/4-NP A HREF="mailto: [EMAIL PROTECTED]"[EMAIL PROTECTED]/A "Even if I knew I had only 1 more week to live, I would still schedule my CCIE lab. I would just have to work a little harder I guess. After all, without any goals in life, I'm dead already." ~Mark Zabludovsky~ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Auctions - Buy the things you want at great prices. http://auctions.yahoo.com/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info:
Re: unknown passwords
If you are using HyperTerminal on Windows NT, replace it with the Win95/98 version. The NT version has a bug. "Lopez, Robert" wrote: Hello, I have a 2501 and 2503 that are password protected (console password and enable password) and the passwords are not known. I'm following a cisco doc that provides instruction on how to recover from lost passwords but it is not working. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/iaabu/distrdir/dd4700m/troub le.htm#35805 I'm using HyperTerminal and hitting the "break-key" and/or "ctrl-C" upon a power recycle. It's set on terminal key setting. Any suggestions? TIA!!! Robert Robert M. Lopez Network Planning Ann Arbor Data Center Pfizer Global Research Development Phone 734-622-3948 Fax 734-622-1690 _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Mostly an OSPF issue
Just to add to the book list. OSPF Network Design Solutions by Thomas M. Thomas II is very good. Although, I picked this up last year and it was all "Double Dutch" to me. It has now become more readable after reading some of the other texts mentioned. Also see RFC 1586 : Guidlines for running OSPF over F/R Networks. HTH Phil. --- Ian Aniszewski [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The P-MP is an OSPF feature/network type. There 4 ways (that I know of) to set up NMBA with OSPF, not using subinterfaces. You need to know all of them for the lab. Once you've lab'd them you'll get it. If you don't already have them you need; Routing TCP/IP Vol 1 - Jeff Doyle Internet Routing Architectures Second Edition - Sam Halibi Cisco Certification - Caslow Charles Henson wrote: Got the written out of the way and am now going back to the basics to help start preparing for the lab. One thing I cannot get clear and can't find any good references for on CCO is the difference (if there is one) between point to multipoint and nbma topologies. I have discussed this at length with my peers and am still drawing a blank. If anyone can clarify this or refence a good URL it would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. Charles [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Do You Yahoo!? Get your free @yahoo.co.uk address at http://mail.yahoo.co.uk or your free @yahoo.ie address at http://mail.yahoo.ie _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: BRI interface
Hubert, This question has been asked before so you can search the archives for a better answer but I think it was if the router had a U interface it would say so when you did a show int or show int bri 0... and if it didn't it would just say bri interface.. it might also depend on the router hardware and or software version.. can't remember Cory -Original Message- From: Hubert Pun [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 3:18 PM To: Cisco Study Group Subject: BRI interface Hi, I have a Cisco 2503 and a Cisco 2522DC router. They both have BRI interface. However, how can I check out that whether they are U interface or S/T interface? The cisco web site just says that this is a BRI interface without specifying what kind it is. (Both routers are for Canada routers) Thanks Hubert _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
DHCP
HI, I have a question on DHCP. How to enable DHCP on a router so that any client can get IP address. Your answer with IOS commands is appreciated Regards sam Free Web Mail for Notes Professionals http://www.dominomail.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: sdlc question
You always need a gateway. 75xx connects directly to Mainframe channel and has a TN3270 server, but There are other non-cisco solutions, depending on what actually is installed, how many users, $$. If Mainframe has ethernet (3172, OSA card, or other) and NT+ SNA Server (microsoft) or Communications Server (IBM) or Host on Demand (IBM). - Novell for SSA ( you might also use it with TR) - X25+Reflection+ SNA Server Overall information on IP/SNA is best on IBM Website, they have a lot of people doing this everyday. John Neiberger wrote: I went back and read the first question again and realized that I misread it. I thought Cory was asking how to convert an ip host to speak SDLC or bisync. I see now that he just wanted to speak to an SNA host. Just about every PC in our network has a tn3270 client running on it, either Rhumba or Host Explorer, and those communicate via IP with the TN3270 Server running on the Channel Interface Processor in our 7513, which is channel-attached via escon connections to our mainframe. That's a pricey solution, but if you need that functionality it does the job quite well. So, it appears you have some options depending on what you're actually trying to accomplish. It's possible to make the PC speak SDLC over serial lines, or you can use tn3270 over IP if you have a tn3270 server available. John I continued looking into this and found some stuff out. I still hold to that I know almost nothing about SNA but heres what I think I learned today.. In order for an IP host to talk to an SNA mainframe you need a gateway and also some sort of software (like a 3270 emulator) on the IP host to talk to the gateway. The gateway talks IP to the host and SNA to the mainframe. The only way to do this without needing a gateway is if you use a Cisco 7000 series router with a card called an ESCON card which can function as a gateway. Heres a good link on what I learned. I'm still reading it but I thought you might find it interesting. It basically talks about how SNA is on its way out the door being replaced by IP and how a lot of businesses are doing the migration in 4 steps. http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/so/neso/ibso/snaip_bc.htm Cory -Original Message- From: John Neiberger [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 8:49 PM To: Stull, Cory Subject: RE: sdlc question Wow, thanks! I appreciate the compliment. As I mentioned, I'm not much of an SNA guy, I know just enough to be hazardous. That one server I talked about is the only time I've ever seen a Windows-type Intel-based server speak SDLC. It's completely vendor-controlled, we just hooked it up to our network and like any of our other SNA devices at they configured it. Because of that, I have absolutely no idea what they have running under the hood. I was basically handed a serial cable and they said "Connect this to your router." :-) If I run across some info on it, though, I'll pass it along. John Thanks John.. Always appreciate your help. Your a great contributor to this list. Cory -Original Message- From: John Neiberger [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 5:25 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: sdlc question Yes, you can do this but I'm not sure of the details. We have equipment from another vendor in our network that does exactly what you're talking about. It's an NT server, but it's speaks SDLC on a serial port and it exists as a PU on our SNA network. The router port is configured in the same way we would configure it for IBM terminal controllers or our Automated Teller Machines. At this point, though, IP is irrelevant so I don't know if this answers your question or not. In this case, you wouldn't really be converting it, per say, just adding different functionality. It's like asking "Can I convert my BMW into a waffle iron?" Well...yes, but it will no longer resemble a car. :-) I hope that helps. I wish I had some more details to give you but I really don't know that much about SNA. Regards, John legacy protocol guru's, Forgive my ingorance on this subject I know almost nothing about SNA, SDLC, BYSINC, etc... Can you take an ip host and convert it to speak to an sdlc or bysinc mainframe like you would enable an ethernet host to speak token ring? Thanks Cory _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ Send a
Re: slash 31 address
Hi, How about a direct address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.255 is that not the same as 10.10.10.10/32 I would agree /31 is useless in a real situation you would only have a network and a broadcast address and no node room. Teunis Hobart, Tasmania Australia On Wednesday, January 24, 2001 at 08:20:24 AM, Neil Schneider wrote: AFAIK you can only go as far as /30. Neil Schneider [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hello good guys of the group, can anyone with the knowledge of ip/31, help me? please. I need to know what it is use for, and how it works, pls. Thanks in advance, Michael Taiwo. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- www.tasmail.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: unknown passwords
Here is the list: I would try control-f6-break first. Ctrl-\l Ctrl-\b Ctrl-Break Ctrl-a f Alt-b Ctrl-End Ctrl-] Break Ctrl-Break Ctrl-F6-Break Ctrl-c Break-F5 Shift-F5 Shift-6 Shift-4 Shift-b (^$B) Control-Shft-6, then b andy On Wed, 24 Jan 2001, Lopez, Robert wrote: Hello, I have a 2501 and 2503 that are password protected (console password and enable password) and the passwords are not known. I'm following a cisco doc that provides instruction on how to recover from lost passwords but it is not working. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/iaabu/distrdir/dd4700m/troub le.htm#35805 I'm using HyperTerminal and hitting the "break-key" and/or "ctrl-C" upon a power recycle. It's set on terminal key setting. Any suggestions? TIA!!! Robert Robert M. Lopez Network Planning Ann Arbor Data Center Pfizer Global Research Development Phone 734-622-3948Fax 734-622-1690 _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: whois microsoft.com
http://www.cnn.com/2001/TECH/computing/01/24/microsoft.blackout.idg/index.ht ml http://slashdot.org/articles/01/01/24/1455247.shtml Adam Hickey [EMAIL PROTECTED] CCNA CCNP (in progress) _ "And One!" - Original Message - From: "Natasha" [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: "Allen May" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 1:26 PM Subject: Re: whois microsoft.com Oh that is just so funny To bad I can't paste the whois in here lol Allen May wrote: Quick! do a whois no microsoft.com. It's been hacked ;) _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Natasha Flazynski 440.949.1399 http://www.ciscobot.com My Cisco information site. http://www.botbuilders.com Artificial Intelligence and Linux development A bus station is where a bus stops. A train station is where a train stops. On my desk, I have a work station... _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: why there is an ethernet frame size limitation
At 02:28 PM 1/24/01, David L. Blair wrote: I know the reason for two of three. 1) Why is the Ethernet minimum frame size of 64 bytes? Ethernet timing is based upon "bit time" the time a bit takes to travel the distance of an maximum Ethernet segment length 100m or 328 ft. Don't get me started again! ;-) The maximum Ethernet topology is usually much bigger than 100 meters on a shared Ethernet network with hubs, shared coax cable, etc. See my chart here: http://www.priscilla.com/enetscales.htm. Also, keep in mind that what matters is the round-trip time. The physical size of the network topology is limited so that a station is still sending the minimum size frame (64 bytes) if a collision occurs and reflects back to the sender. If the sender were not still sending, the frame would have to be retransmitted by a higher layer. For a higher layer to notice that the frame needs retransmitting takes much more time. Ethernet retransmissions occur within nanoseconds usually. That's the key to understanding Ethernet parameters. You have to think about WHY, not just memorize rules and jargon about "bit times." The minimum frame size 64 bytes equals 512 bits or 512 bit times to travel the wire. Make that "travel the network segment and back," or "travel the collision domain and back" or something other than "travel the wire" since wire could just mean the cable from the station to the hub. This has to do with a host on one end of the wire listening to use the wire and another host on the opposite end transmitting. Note: This does not include the Preamble. 2) Why is the Ethernet maximum frame size of 1518 bytes(not 1526)? I guess for a similar reason. It's not for the same reason. The minimum frame is used to ensure correct collision detection and retransmission. The maximum frame size is used to make sure there aren't any bandwidth hogs, as you describe below. Where did 1526 come from? For some reason, nobody ever counts the preamble, if that's what the thinking was. Remember most Ethernet implementations are share media. So everyone host is contending for access to the wire. That is why Ethernet is contention based and Token Ring FDDI are deterministic. A packet to large would actually allow less hosts per segment to transmit their data in a timely fashion. 3) Why is the ATM frame size 53 bytes? I do know exactly why 53 bytes was picked. I do know why a small frame size was picked. A ATM packet has two parts: Address and Payload. The Address is 5 bytes long and the Payload is 48 bytes longs. ATM was designed as a Multi-service access medium, i.e. to handle Data, Voice, and Multimedia content. The "Holy Grail" of voice transmission is delay and jitter. When the Delay in voice transmission is more than 250ms, humans start talking before the other person has finished. Resulting in a garbled conversion. It takes less time to fill small frames with data. All the frames are the same size so the transmission time, for a given network, is constant. QoS, Quality of Service, features are implemented in ATM to guarantee delivery of time sensitive frames like voice. Sounds good to me. Apply that level of thinking to your Ethernet understanding too and you'll be in good shape. :-) Priscilla I hoe this helps. A good Ethernet book with some ATM and FDDI information is Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet ISBN: 1-57870-073-6 -dlb "azhar mumtaz" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hello Guys: What i want to know is why there is a limit that ethernet frame size cannot be less than 64 bytes and more than 1526 bytes. I know that this is how ethernet should be understand but whats the logic behind it. Similarly why we are limiting cell size of ATM to 53 bytes. Regards Azhar Soomro Get free email and a permanent address at http://www.netaddress.com/?N=1 _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: unknown passwords
Andy, Mihai I switched to a 95/98 version of hyperterm (I'm using NT) and used the first break option. It worked! Thanks again! Robert -Original Message- From: Andy [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 10:49 AM To: Lopez, Robert Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: unknown passwords Here is the list: I would try control-f6-break first. Ctrl-\l Ctrl-\b Ctrl-Break Ctrl-a f Alt-b Ctrl-End Ctrl-] Break Ctrl-Break Ctrl-F6-Break Ctrl-c Break-F5 Shift-F5 Shift-6 Shift-4 Shift-b (^$B) Control-Shft-6, then b andy On Wed, 24 Jan 2001, Lopez, Robert wrote: Hello, I have a 2501 and 2503 that are password protected (console password and enable password) and the passwords are not known. I'm following a cisco doc that provides instruction on how to recover from lost passwords but it is not working. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/iaabu/distrdir/dd4700m/troub le.htm#35805 I'm using HyperTerminal and hitting the "break-key" and/or "ctrl-C" upon a power recycle. It's set on terminal key setting. Any suggestions? TIA!!! Robert Robert M. Lopez Network Planning Ann Arbor Data Center Pfizer Global Research Development Phone 734-622-3948Fax 734-622-1690 _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Compression and OSPF
I notice that people often use the terms "cost" and "metric" interchangeably. Are they one in the same? Chris The usage, as you correctly observe, is often sloppy. In the OSPF context, however, costs are associated with interfaces, while metrics are associated with routes. At least for an intra-area route, the metric is the sum of interface costs. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: But isn't that the routers job???
The OSI term is "relay." I like that. A relay that forwards (relays) protocol data units (PDUs) based on network-layer information is a router. (Let's outlaw terminology that would say "a device that switches packets based on network-layer information is a router." It's just too confusing.) A relay that forwards (relays) PDUs based on data-link-layer information is a bridge. Even that can be a flawed definition -- consider ATM and frame switches. Modern-day, high-speed, multiple-port bridges are called switches. Wouldn't it be nice if we could get everyone to use this simple terminology!? ;-) Priscilla I've always liked the formal OSI terminology. When I used the term "relay" in my first couple of books, however, the reviewers consistently hated it. It's ironic that ISO developed some very precise descriptions for what they term "routeing", which is _not_ part of the OSI Reference Model but a separate document. The irony comes in because far too many sources treat the reference model (indeed, the reference model without its four subsequent annexes) as the totality of OSI. Relays are defined in the "OSI Routeing Framework" document. Complementing this quite nicely is the "Internal Organization of the Network Layer" document, which gives a precise context for many things that usually get hand-waving, such as the layering of ARP mechanisms and of virtual circuit service. The ISO functional profile system described in ISO Technical Report 1 gives a compact and precise notation for relays. At 10:25 PM 1/23/01, Peter Van Oene wrote: In keeping with Howard's previous comment, let's try and sponsor some clarity in the technical world and ban the word switch. In this context, we are talking about control vs forwarding. Packets can be routed in the sense of being sent to their respective IP next hop in hardware vs in a traditional software process. In this sense, we are forwarding traffic based on IP layer information at optimal speed. We are making forwarding decisions based on forwarding table state that has been created by a control function at the IP layer. We are not in any way bridging anything which the term "switch" tends to convey. *** REPLY SEPARATOR *** On 1/23/2001 at 7:06 PM Bolton, Travis wrote: Plus routing of packets is done more quickly when done at the Switch level rather than having to go through the router for every packet. -Original Message- From: Flem [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 6:21 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: But isn't that the routers job??? Or just do 'sh process cpu' on a router and see all processes that needs cpu intervention . flem --- Priscilla Oppenheimer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The other major thing the CPU has to do besides switch (route) packets to their output interface is learn the network topology. It learns the network topology and the best path to remote networks by participating in routing protocols. Some other things that the CPU does (depending on the configuration) is access lists, fancy queuing, SAP, ZIP, NAT, handle input at the console, SNMP, CDP, HSRP, IGMP, PIM, STUN, proxy stuff, and a zillion other TLAs and FLAs. :-) Priscilla At 11:05 PM 1/22/01, you wrote: Hey Group, Me again. I'm reading for my CIT and am at the section where it goes into detail of the various switching methods in the router (i.e., silicon, CEF, autonomous, etc.) I understand how all this works and understand how the SP takes a lot of the stress away from the RP and this is good because your avoiding bogging the RP/CPU down. I have a problem with these statements though and want some clarification... Taken form the book (Lammle's CIT p. 173): "This is just another reason why switching is such a good practice. Why burden the RP with every packet if it's not necessary? By using switching methods, the RP is free to use valuable CPU time on more important things than doing route lookups for every packet that comes in the router." Correct me if I'm wrong but isn't that what a routers supposed to do??? What else does the RP have to do that is more important than ROUTING? I may be overanalyzing this but it just seems that he's saying that the RP has better things to do like make coffee, rather than route. Basically, could somebody give me a list of some other things the RP/CPU has to do other than route lookups...(I know there are access-lists and other CPU things here, I just would like a solid list to remember). Thanks team, Mark Zabludovsky ~ CCNA, CCDA, 3/4-NP A HREF="mailto: [EMAIL PROTECTED]"[EMAIL PROTECTED]/A "Even if I knew I had only 1 more week to live, I would still schedule my CCIE lab. I would just
RE: slash 31 address
At 03:49 PM 1/24/01, Jim Dixon wrote: Wouldn't that make it layer 2? A bridge then? Broadcast and don't care if I get a response? Bridges don't broadcast. They send multicasts for the spanning-tree algorithm, but that's not relevant. They forward broadcasts (and other frames), but that's not relevant either. We're talking about a single subnet that has two devices. The two devices probably aren't bridges. What would be the point of connecting two bridges together in one subnet that allows only two devices? Whether I get a response or not depends on what upper layer I'm using. For example, I could use ping to send a message from the first device (10.0.0.0/31) to the second device (10.0.0.1/31) on a point-to-point link. I should get a response (assuming the operating system would let me configure these addresses to start with.) If it's two routers on the ends of this point-to-point link, they are mostly just forwarding traffic on behalf of other stations. The IP addresses of the routers themselves are irrelevant in that case. In fact, I could use ip unnumbered, but then I couldn't ping the point-to-point interfaces, which makes management a bit harder. Since I can't tell if anyone is actually there, I just know that someone is sending me broadcasts from somewhere on this link. What does "somewhere on this link" mean? It's a point-to-point link. There's only one other thing besides myself on the link. If I yell into a room that has only one person in it, "Hello, I'm trying to reach everyone in this room," won't I get an answer? Does it matter that I wasn't more precise? No... Correct me if my thinking is in need of more coffee. You need more coffee. (or maybe less??) ;-) Priscilla P.S. Please don't send messages directly to me. Please address them to the group. Thanks. Jim :) -Original Message- From: Priscilla Oppenheimer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 3:17 PM To: Jeff McCoy; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: slash 31 address Yes, but on a point-to-point link, so what if you use the network number and broadcast address to identify the two nodes? If one station sends to the broadcast address it's not a problem, there's only one other station anyway! I think /31 should be allowed on point-to-point links. Priscilla At 08:22 AM 1/24/01, Jeff McCoy wrote: Michael... /30 = 4 address (1st is network number, 2 3 host ip's, 4th is broadcast address) /31 = 2 address (1st is network number, 2nd is broadcast address) no host ip's...this is not useful.. /32 = 1 address (1 host address) i use this for loopbacks ""Neil Schneider"" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message 94mool$d33$[EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:94mool$d33$[EMAIL PROTECTED]... AFAIK you can only go as far as /30. Neil Schneider [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hello good guys of the group, can anyone with the knowledge of ip/31, help me? please. I need to know what it is use for, and how it works, pls. Thanks in advance, Michael Taiwo. Priscilla Oppenheimer http://www.priscilla.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Interesting proposition
I know there are several people on the list who are renting out remote-access time on their racks to help cover the cost of their equipment. I've got a contract with an important IT training site to produce sample CCIE lab materials that would be available free on the web. Perhaps we could trade time on equipment while I'm developing the materials for a link on the site that would bring in people who need equipment to do the exercises on. Does that make sense? I've got a pretty complete basic home lab, but I lack ATM and Voice modules. Everybody wins... 1) I get to develop CCIE lab practice materials that the website pays me for 2) You get referrals from the website that generate on-going revenue 3) Everybody else on the list gets another site with free sample labs to work from Let me know if you want to wash hands (one-hand-washes-the-other)... --- Dennis _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: why there is an ethernet frame size limitation
Okay, here's the $100,000 question - something I've never quite figured out when I've read your work, Priscilla. I understand how you can create a maximum collision domain of 2500 m when using 10Base5, but you list 2500 m as the maximum collision domain when using 10Base2 and 10BaseT. What is the reasoning behind listing 2500 m as the maximum collision domain for those cabling options? If you're limited by 5 segments, 4 repeaters... you couldn't ever get a topological diameter of 2500 m. -- Leigh Anne -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Priscilla Oppenheimer Sent: January 24, 2001 3:10 PM To: David L. Blair; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: why there is an ethernet frame size limitation At 02:28 PM 1/24/01, David L. Blair wrote: I know the reason for two of three. 1) Why is the Ethernet minimum frame size of 64 bytes? Ethernet timing is based upon "bit time" the time a bit takes to travel the distance of an maximum Ethernet segment length 100m or 328 ft. Don't get me started again! ;-) The maximum Ethernet topology is usually much bigger than 100 meters on a shared Ethernet network with hubs, shared coax cable, etc. See my chart here: http://www.priscilla.com/enetscales.htm. Also, keep in mind that what matters is the round-trip time. The physical size of the network topology is limited so that a station is still sending the minimum size frame (64 bytes) if a collision occurs and reflects back to the sender. If the sender were not still sending, the frame would have to be retransmitted by a higher layer. For a higher layer to notice that the frame needs retransmitting takes much more time. Ethernet retransmissions occur within nanoseconds usually. That's the key to understanding Ethernet parameters. You have to think about WHY, not just memorize rules and jargon about "bit times." The minimum frame size 64 bytes equals 512 bits or 512 bit times to travel the wire. Make that "travel the network segment and back," or "travel the collision domain and back" or something other than "travel the wire" since wire could just mean the cable from the station to the hub. This has to do with a host on one end of the wire listening to use the wire and another host on the opposite end transmitting. Note: This does not include the Preamble. 2) Why is the Ethernet maximum frame size of 1518 bytes(not 1526)? I guess for a similar reason. It's not for the same reason. The minimum frame is used to ensure correct collision detection and retransmission. The maximum frame size is used to make sure there aren't any bandwidth hogs, as you describe below. Where did 1526 come from? For some reason, nobody ever counts the preamble, if that's what the thinking was. Remember most Ethernet implementations are share media. So everyone host is contending for access to the wire. That is why Ethernet is contention based and Token Ring FDDI are deterministic. A packet to large would actually allow less hosts per segment to transmit their data in a timely fashion. 3) Why is the ATM frame size 53 bytes? I do know exactly why 53 bytes was picked. I do know why a small frame size was picked. A ATM packet has two parts: Address and Payload. The Address is 5 bytes long and the Payload is 48 bytes longs. ATM was designed as a Multi-service access medium, i.e. to handle Data, Voice, and Multimedia content. The "Holy Grail" of voice transmission is delay and jitter. When the Delay in voice transmission is more than 250ms, humans start talking before the other person has finished. Resulting in a garbled conversion. It takes less time to fill small frames with data. All the frames are the same size so the transmission time, for a given network, is constant. QoS, Quality of Service, features are implemented in ATM to guarantee delivery of time sensitive frames like voice. Sounds good to me. Apply that level of thinking to your Ethernet understanding too and you'll be in good shape. :-) Priscilla I hoe this helps. A good Ethernet book with some ATM and FDDI information is Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet ISBN: 1-57870-073-6 -dlb "azhar mumtaz" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Hello Guys: What i want to know is why there is a limit that ethernet frame size cannot be less than 64 bytes and more than 1526 bytes. I know that this is how ethernet should be understand but whats the logic behind it. Similarly why we are limiting cell size of ATM to 53 bytes. Regards Azhar Soomro Get free email and a permanent address at http://www.netaddress.com/?N=1 _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info:
Re: slash 31 address
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3021.html suggest /31 subnetting. This is from section 4 of RFC3021 "The recommendations presented in this document have been implemented by several router vendors in beta code. The implementation has been tested by at least three ISPs with positive results (i.e., no problems have been found). Among the routing protocols tested successfully are OSPF, IS-IS, BGP and EIGRP. It is expected that the implementation will be officially released within the next few months and that other vendors will adopt it." Kyaw Khine. __ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Auctions - Buy the things you want at great prices. http://auctions.yahoo.com/ _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: BRI interface
Hi guys, The only way to get a 2500 with a U interface is with a module card. Something like the 2524, 2525... something or other,,I forget. Adios, Dale CCNA Original Message Follows From: "Stull, Cory" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: "Stull, Cory" [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: "'Hubert Pun'" [EMAIL PROTECTED] CC: "'[EMAIL PROTECTED]'" [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: BRI interface Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2001 15:35:24 -0600 Hubert, This question has been asked before so you can search the archives for a better answer but I think it was if the router had a U interface it would say so when you did a show int or show int bri 0... and if it didn't it would just say bri interface.. it might also depend on the router hardware and or software version.. can't remember Cory -Original Message- From: Hubert Pun [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 3:18 PM To: Cisco Study Group Subject: BRI interface Hi, I have a Cisco 2503 and a Cisco 2522DC router. They both have BRI interface. However, how can I check out that whether they are U interface or S/T interface? The cisco web site just says that this is a BRI interface without specifying what kind it is. (Both routers are for Canada routers) Thanks Hubert _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Passed Switching Exam
Hi everyone, Last week I sat the Switching exam and passed. I didn't find it as easy some people said, and only got 857. But I'm happy I passed anyway :o) There were some straightforward questions, but some really hard ones as well, which the answers I thought weren't in the book (CiscoPress) I was reading. They also asked heaps of questions on LED lights which I didnt' know. I have a problem with timing myself though, having done my three CCNP Helena _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Disabling American Online Instant-messenger(AIM) and Yahoo IM
I see this thread has reached 'non-productive' status. Congrats gentlemen. -Original Message- From: Nabil Fares [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 9:57 AM To: Patrick Bass; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Disabling American Online Instant-messenger(AIM) and Yahoo IM Look at the orignal post: Has anyone implemented port filtering to disable AOL instant messenger and Yahoo instant messenger? If you have, could you send me the ports they use on those? Could you also tell me what techniques you used, doing it at the firellwall(pix) or the router? Thanks for any input. I don't see anything about blocking IP addresses! Let me know if you want me to spell out for you. Nabil -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Patrick Bass Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 5:42 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Disabling American Online Instant-messenger(AIM) and Yahoo IM Who said anything about blocking ports? Read the post again. I said block the IPs of the servers. Sheesh. "Nabil Fares" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Disabling these ports to prevent users from using these application isn't going to do you any good. Simply put, both apps use port 80 as the last option to access their servers. I'm not really sure you can stop these users!. Nabil -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Patrick Bass Sent: Tuesday, January 23, 2001 1:58 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Disabling American Online Instant-messenger(AIM) and Yahoo IM Find out the server IPs and use outbound deny at the pix. I did this to block napster and other bandwidth hogs. Frank Kim [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... Has anyone implemented port filtering to disable AOL instant messenger and Yahoo instant messenger? If you have, could you send me the ports they use on those? Could you also tell me what techniques you used, doing it at the firellwall(pix) or the router? Thanks for any input. -Frank _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Underruns on my core 8540's
Groupstudy board, I have a really annoying problem that I hope you can help me with. I have 2 8540's liked by a GigE link at the core of my network and one switch is having severe underrun problems on most interfaces (esp. the Gig links). Have any of you had the same problem and what fixed it? The TAC has basically told me to replace the long wave GBIX cards as a first step. The bottom line is that it seems like each underrun causes a TCP reset, which messes up anyone with keep alives on, which may be causing me no end of headaches with any high availabilty apps. Thanks in advance -- MAJ Randy Carlson Chief, Data Networks Branch, USMA email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] web: http://www.fcarlson.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
AOL Port Sniffing....
Hi All, Is it possible to put a snifter on to the port that AIM uses, ( I believe it is 4192), and capture all the text that is coming into my network? Thanks, Rich _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Cascading Switches
Why cascade them rather than using hub/spoke connectivity? Gareth ""Maness, Drew"" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... I've looked through the archives as well as on CCO but could not find a definite answer to the limit of "cascading" switches, specifically catalyst 2900's. I saw the discussion earlier this year/last year that talked about the difference between "cascading" and "stacking". I'm not looking for shared management (stacking) but just how many switches can I cascade together to get the highest port concentration. Just a simple (or bad network design)of one switch to another to another to N... because I ran out of ports and do not want to by a real switch scenario How many can I connect? My first reaction to this question was that it had to be limited by the CAM of each switch but can't find an answer. Again it is for the 2900 series switch. Thanks Drew _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: But isn't that the routers job???
see comments inline... - Original Message - From: "Howard C. Berkowitz" [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 9:14 AM Subject: Re: But isn't that the routers job??? "Guy Tal" [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote, Plus routing of packets is done more quickly when done at the Switch level rather than having to go through the router for every packet. What's wrong with "going through the router," and how does routing through a switch differ from routing through a router? snip Making forwarding decisions on layer 3 information is routing. Period. I actually have to disagree here with your terminology I guess. Forwarding decisions are being made with Layer 3 information. The first time a packet hits that router, a decision is made as far as which exit interface the packet should be sent to and the best route for the packet to hit its destination, based on whatever policy/protocol the router is using to make that decision in the first place. It is only subsequent packets that are heading to the same destination that are spared the whole lookup process again. What you are describing is a special case of using a RIB as first lookup and a cache for subsequent lookup. That is indeed the case for fast and silicon switching, and probably silicon. It is not the case for CEF (there is no cache, only a full FIB synchronized one-to-one with the RIB), and is not the case for process switching (everything goes through the RIB). I apologize here, I should have specified that I was not talking about process switching. And I know you are being technically correct about CEF, but the bottom line is that the lookup is off the RIB. Maybe my last email didn't send properly, but I replied to this one last night that bypassing the RP is akin to an arp cache. Not all routers have RPs. If you're talking about a specific platform, be specific about that platform. You're making generalizations about all Cisco platforms and switching modes, much less non-Cisco products. If you have quantitative information that route lookup is a significant issue, please share it. Look at some Tolly group reports. I apologize, but I am not familiar with these reports. I went to tolly.com and found a terrific site. Thank you very much for pointing this out. I'll look into it more soon. Without an arp cache, your device would overload looking up mac addresses. While your router may not actually be crippled without this feature, and anyone that has worked with enough 7500s knows that VIP cards are not the most stable animals out there, it is a great feature if reduced latency is more important to you than money, which is a point you made earlier. There are more and less hardware intensive ways to make routing decisions. But the actual lookup time is rarely a limiting factor. I would have to disagree here as well. Perhaps lookup time isn't so bad if a router is sitting on a T1 somewhere, but when you have multiple oc48s tied into your router, processing time adds up, *real* quick. Again I ask, how do you know that lookup time is the problem? I work with gigabit routers, and indeed work on designing next-generation routers. Believe me, to run at line rate, destination lookup is not nearly the concern that filtering, traffic shaping, internal blocking, accounting, etc. are. Well, one specific example would be for the 75xx series of Cisco router that uses the VIP cards. If you attach the VIP card (from enable mode, do a if-con slot#) and then run sh proc cpu from there, and you will see that alot of the memory is getting tied up with routing lookups and interrupt requests. Add a few of these to a router and you will suffer from latency due to not enough memory to do lookups. I am not a big fan of VIP cards in practice because it seems like on a decent sized network, one will crash per week. But that is a specific Cisco example. What is your opinion of Juniper routers that are reported to achieve true line rate? Any commercial router that thinks about handling multiple OC-48's or more is multiprocessor, with separate forwarding and path determination processors. The processor types involved in the two areas may be different. A router with those speeds is almost certainly meant for ISP applications, and we are very concerned with keeping the routing protocol processing clean. _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: why there is an ethernet frame size limitation
At 03:57 PM 1/24/01, Leigh Anne Chisholm wrote: Okay, here's the $100,000 question - something I've never quite figured out when I've read your work, Priscilla. Send me the check and I'll research it! ;-) Seriously, I just took it from various books on Ethernet and older versions of IEEE 802.3. I understand how you can create a maximum collision domain of 2500 m when using 10Base5, but you list 2500 m as the maximum collision domain when using 10Base2 and 10BaseT. What is the reasoning behind listing 2500 m as the maximum collision domain for those cabling options? If you're limited by 5 segments, 4 repeaters... you couldn't ever get a topological diameter of 2500 m. I see your point. So, I'm looking at a new version of IEEE 802.3 right now.. I see that it still shows the classic picture: DTERepeaterRepeaterRepeater--Repeater--DTE From their examples, it looks like you couldn't possibly get to 2500 meters without using thick coax and/or fiber-optic cabling in the repeater-repeater links. If you used all thin coax or UTP, it couldn't be nearly that big. What you really need to do, as I'm sure you know, is check a path to make sure the path delay value (PDV) does not exceed 512 bit times. See this Web page for gory details. This was from the original version of Designing Cisco Networks class that I developed. http://www.priscilla.com/enetscales2.htm Priscilla -- Leigh Anne -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Priscilla Oppenheimer Sent: January 24, 2001 3:10 PM To: David L. Blair; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: why there is an ethernet frame size limitation At 02:28 PM 1/24/01, David L. Blair wrote: I know the reason for two of three. 1) Why is the Ethernet minimum frame size of 64 bytes? Ethernet timing is based upon "bit time" the time a bit takes to travel the distance of an maximum Ethernet segment length 100m or 328 ft. Don't get me started again! ;-) The maximum Ethernet topology is usually much bigger than 100 meters on a shared Ethernet network with hubs, shared coax cable, etc. See my chart here: http://www.priscilla.com/enetscales.htm. Also, keep in mind that what matters is the round-trip time. The physical size of the network topology is limited so that a station is still sending the minimum size frame (64 bytes) if a collision occurs and reflects back to the sender. If the sender were not still sending, the frame would have to be retransmitted by a higher layer. For a higher layer to notice that the frame needs retransmitting takes much more time. Ethernet retransmissions occur within nanoseconds usually. That's the key to understanding Ethernet parameters. You have to think about WHY, not just memorize rules and jargon about "bit times." The minimum frame size 64 bytes equals 512 bits or 512 bit times to travel the wire. Make that "travel the network segment and back," or "travel the collision domain and back" or something other than "travel the wire" since wire could just mean the cable from the station to the hub. This has to do with a host on one end of the wire listening to use the wire and another host on the opposite end transmitting. Note: This does not include the Preamble. 2) Why is the Ethernet maximum frame size of 1518 bytes(not 1526)? I guess for a similar reason. It's not for the same reason. The minimum frame is used to ensure correct collision detection and retransmission. The maximum frame size is used to make sure there aren't any bandwidth hogs, as you describe below. Where did 1526 come from? For some reason, nobody ever counts the preamble, if that's what the thinking was. Remember most Ethernet implementations are share media. So everyone host is contending for access to the wire. That is why Ethernet is contention based and Token Ring FDDI are deterministic. A packet to large would actually allow less hosts per segment to transmit their data in a timely fashion. 3) Why is the ATM frame size 53 bytes? I do know exactly why 53 bytes was picked. I do know why a small frame size was picked. A ATM packet has two parts: Address and Payload. The Address is 5 bytes long and the Payload is 48 bytes longs. ATM was designed as a Multi-service access medium, i.e. to handle Data, Voice, and Multimedia content. The "Holy Grail" of voice transmission is delay and jitter. When the Delay in voice transmission is more than 250ms, humans start talking before the other person has finished. Resulting in a garbled conversion. It takes less time to fill small frames with data. All the frames are the same size so the transmission time, for a given network, is constant. QoS, Quality of Service, features are implemented in ATM to guarantee delivery of time sensitive frames like voice. Sounds good to me. Apply that level of thinking to your Ethernet understanding too and you'll be in good shape. :-) Priscilla I hoe this
Re: whois microsoft.com
No it hasn't. It's always been like that, it's a problem with the way whois works. Do a whois on aol.com... Check out: www.securiteam.com/securitynews/Spoofing_whois_information__Was__Is_Microsof t_com_safe_.html for more info. Greg - Original Message - From: "Allen May" [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 12:43 PM Subject: whois microsoft.com Quick! do a whois no microsoft.com. It's been hacked ;) _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: CCIE Practice lab ISDN
you really need to go for 2 lines or a full SIMULATOR (group has discussed that one enough) of about 2000$. And on that note, I think the Cisco 2520 is the best router for the money. It does isdn, ethernet and 4 serial connections (two high-speed, two low). These are the routers that I'm planning on for my lab. I have the good fortune of working for a company that has a dormant ISDN line that they keep around for nostalgia. So all I have to get is one ISDN at the house to complete my loop. It seems to me that a $2000 simulator is pricey compared to a couple of months with 2 ISDN lines, but then if you can't get the service, there aren't many other options. [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: AOL Port Sniffing....
Hi, A sniffer will usually allow you to specify a port thus restricting what you are viewing as long as you can see the data coming into your network. ie Snif your network. Teunis On Wednesday, January 24, 2001 at 05:38:34 PM, Johnson. Richard (NY Int) wrote: Hi All, Is it possible to put a snifter on to the port that AIM uses, ( I believe it is 4192), and capture all the text that is coming into my network? Thanks, Rich _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- www.tasmail.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
need to swap test date also
I have my RS lab on June 23 rd. Anyone want to swap for an earlier dates...say sometime in March or April. thanks _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Total Antivirus solution
Trend is really good Innoculate is ok.but the support of network ass.. (NA) is really bad!!!we had innoc., removed it, and now we have trendwhich works really good in win9x and win2k networks hth Deepak Kevin O'Gilvie wrote: Dear All, I am currently looking to purchase a total anti virus solution for my company. I am looking for one that is centarally controlled like innoculate and trend office suite, but I am also looking for a total package that suppors exchange, and vpn. Thanks in advance, Kevin _ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: post CCIE written clarification
NBMA does not emulate a broadcast network. This is the actual network type used in frame-relay. NB means non-broadcast. If you want OSPF (for example) to consider it a broadcast network you need to configure it as so. But...when the day's over and NBMA network is still and NBMA(non-broadcast multi-access) network. -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 11:51 AM To: Charles Henson; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: post CCIE written clarification Charles, I'm currently struggling with the same... (I'm taking BSCN this Tuesday) here's the def's from the Cisco press BSCN course book. Point to Multipoint - treats the nonbroadcast network as a collection of point to point links. NBMA - Emulates a broadcast network, usually used in a fully meshed environment, some configuration necessary and for good measure an RFC: RFC 2328 Congrats on the written, Tim -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Charles Henson Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2001 6:29 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: post CCIE written clarification Got the written out of the way and am now going back to the basics to help start preparing for the lab. One thing I cannot get clear and can't find any good references for on CCO is the difference (if there is one) between point to multipoint and nbma topologies. I have discussed this at length with my peers and am still drawing a blank. If anyone can clarify this or refence a good URL it would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. Charles [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED] _ FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
