RE: ??? Dumb Consultant ??? - Please Help [7:75213]
Steven Aiello wrote: > > Hello all, > >I need some folks with hopefully a CCIE to answer this > question. > > If there is an un subnetted class A, and there are 25 or users > on the > network. would the fact that the network is unsubnetted cause > a large > load of network traffic? > > here is the reason and layout. > > Our company uses Xerox printers and they came with address > > 10.6.1.45 - 255.0.0.0 > 10.6.1.44 - 255.0.0.0 > > our clients are all on the same network using a DHCP pool of > > 10.6.1.100 - 10.6.1.150 > > even if there is broadcast it is one message across the > network (lets > say for Netbios name resolution) there is one broadcast not a > unicast to > 16,7xx,xxx some host. True. It will just be one broadcast packet and probably won't use a lot of bandwidth. It may be repeated a few times, but probably still won't use a lot of bandwidth. >Only 25 hosts will answer correct? They won't all answer, just the one with the name that needs to be resolved. A lot of NetBIOS naming traffic is hosts announcing their own names actually. Nobody answers those. The issue isn't whether they answer or not anyway. Nor is it a bandwidth consumption issue, as you realize. It's an issue of eating CPU cycles on the hosts and NICs that receive the broadcast, which could be as many as 16,777,000 hosts with your current addressing scheme. Every NIC and host has to take in the packet, process it, and probably discard it, but still that could represent a significant amount of work. Your consultant is probably concerned that all devices are in the same broadcast domain. They all hear each other's broadcasts. If they are all announcing their names and trying to find each other by name and ARPing and RIPing and DHCPing, etc., this could become a performance issue on the hosts. Of course, you don't have nearly 16 million devices (25 you say?) so it's not an issue yet. Cisco recommends no more than 500 nodes per broadcast domain so you're pretty safe. The printers are going to broadcast at a particular rate regardless of the subnet mask. The packets they send probably aren't very big. They probably aren't using a lot of bandwidth But if you subdivided the network into multiple subnets and broadcast domains, using routers, not as many hosts will hear the broadcasts. The problem with broadcasts usually isn't a bandwidth consumption issue. It's a problem with the fact that a broadcast interrupts the CPU of every station in the broadcast domain. A lot of broadcasts can noticeably slow down an already slow computer with an old CPU. Nowadays, it would probably be a lot harder to cause a noticeable difference, CPUs are so fast. Anyway, your consultant may not be dumb, but she or he didn't describe the issue very well. Broadcast domains are covered in CCNA material, by the way. This isn't CCIE stuff. :-) Priscilla > NetBSo > how will a > class A subnet mask cause this? > > Thanks for all input, please feel free to ramble, > Steve > > Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75219&t=75213 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: ??? Dumb Consultant ??? - Please Help [7:75213]
Well, I'm not a CCIE, but I don't think you need to be a CCIE to answer this question. The subnet mask has nothing to do with the amount of load on the network. A side effect of having a small network mask is that there are potentially more hosts on the network, which could mean that there is more broadcast traffic, but it's just a side effect; the small network mask doesn't cause the load, the number of hosts does. If you had 25 hosts on a /24 subnet, you would have the same amount of traffic as if you put them on a /8 "subnet" all else being equal. There are some things that could be different, but again they are side effects. For instance, if you had a network management device that sends ICMP echo requests out to every IP address in the subnet (and resultant broadcast ARPs) then there would be more "load" on the network. It is suggested that you use the proper mask for subnets though. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, September 10, 2003 7:16 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: ??? Dumb Consultant ??? - Please Help [7:75213] Hello all, I need some folks with hopefully a CCIE to answer this question. If there is an un subnetted class A, and there are 25 or users on the network. would the fact that the network is unsubnetted cause a large load of network traffic? here is the reason and layout. Our company uses Xerox printers and they came with address 10.6.1.45 - 255.0.0.0 10.6.1.44 - 255.0.0.0 our clients are all on the same network using a DHCP pool of 10.6.1.100 - 10.6.1.150 even if there is broadcast it is one message across the network (lets say for Netbios name resolution) there is one broadcast not a unicast to 16,7xx,xxx some host. Only 25 hosts will answer correct? So how will a class A subnet mask cause this? Thanks for all input, please feel free to ramble, Steve **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75218&t=75213 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: ??? Dumb Consultant ??? - Please Help [7:75213]
Netmasks don't generate traffic, hosts do. :) Thanks, Zsombor Steven Aiello wrote: > > Hello all, > >I need some folks with hopefully a CCIE to answer this > question. > > If there is an un subnetted class A, and there are 25 or users > on the > network. would the fact that the network is unsubnetted cause > a large > load of network traffic? > > here is the reason and layout. > > Our company uses Xerox printers and they came with address > > 10.6.1.45 - 255.0.0.0 > 10.6.1.44 - 255.0.0.0 > > our clients are all on the same network using a DHCP pool of > > 10.6.1.100 - 10.6.1.150 > > even if there is broadcast it is one message across the > network (lets > say for Netbios name resolution) there is one broadcast not a > unicast to > 16,7xx,xxx some host. Only 25 hosts will answer correct? So > how will a > class A subnet mask cause this? > > Thanks for all input, please feel free to ramble, > Steve > > Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75217&t=75213 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
??? Dumb Consultant ??? - Please Help [7:75213]
Hello all, I need some folks with hopefully a CCIE to answer this question. If there is an un subnetted class A, and there are 25 or users on the network. would the fact that the network is unsubnetted cause a large load of network traffic? here is the reason and layout. Our company uses Xerox printers and they came with address 10.6.1.45 - 255.0.0.0 10.6.1.44 - 255.0.0.0 our clients are all on the same network using a DHCP pool of 10.6.1.100 - 10.6.1.150 even if there is broadcast it is one message across the network (lets say for Netbios name resolution) there is one broadcast not a unicast to 16,7xx,xxx some host. Only 25 hosts will answer correct? So how will a class A subnet mask cause this? Thanks for all input, please feel free to ramble, Steve Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75213&t=75213 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
At 5:32 PM + 9/10/03, Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: >Reimer, Fred wrote: >> >> I've always liked hex myself. A hex mask of FF.FF.F8.00 can be >> written as >> F800 and still mean the same thing. You obviously can't do >> that with >> 255.255.128.0 (255.255.128.0 != 2,552,551,280). While binary >> works the same >> way as hex in this manner, it is much to long for my tastes. >> Plus, hex is >> used a lot in programming languages when using values in >> bitmasks, so I'm >> more familiar with it. Also, there are only 5 hex numbers that >> you need to >> memorize for masks, F 0 8 C and E. > >And binary is going to be pretty hard to deal with when we get to 128-bit >IPv6 addresses!? Indeed, hex is the IPv6 convention except for some special cases like embedded IPv4 addresses. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75203&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
I was more referring to "core" ISP routers than edge (and I've certainly never worked for an ISP before, so I'm going on my experience and knowledge of routing protocols to surmise [guess] at what would be reasonable or not). If you have ISP engineers configuring the "ISP" router that is at the customer premise, then yes I would concede that there are probably a lot of default static routes, if not being the majority. As far as non-default static routes with different AD's, then I would certainly agree with you. I've used them myself extensively in multiple customer WAN configurations. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Howard C. Berkowitz [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, September 10, 2003 12:57 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] At 11:34 AM -0400 9/10/03, Reimer, Fred wrote: >Yes, but the CCIE labs are supposed to be for ISP level engineers, who >almost certainly won't be using default routes most of the time. It should >be assumed that by the time you get to the CCIE level you have much >experience in default routing. > First, ISP level engineers are going to configure default routes for customers, and, indeed, there often are default routes in POPs, or in smaller ISPs. Second, the combination of static default routes with multiple administrative distances can get quite complex. Third, I am more bothered by the lack of static routes than defaults. Complex static routes, with alternatives, are common for traffic engineering. Blackhole static routes are extensively used. **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75202&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Funny thing about this is that most "experts" that I've dealt with working at major ISPs who do nothing but deal with BGP and routing daily still don't get the configurations right the first time. I've never had a BGP neighbor setup go smoothly (i.e. take less than 2 hours), and it was never a problem on my side of the configuration. So don't blame yourself if you don't get it right the first time. And don't be afraid of it... Most "experts", in my experiences, still make mistakes with BGP. -Original Message- From: Reimer, Fred [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, September 10, 2003 11:26 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] Yes! Even I would not feel comfortable configuring BGP in a production environment yet, and although I don't have my CCNP yet, I did pass the routing and switching tests. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Priscilla Oppenheimer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 7:32 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] Dom wrote: > > And one last point, No LAN is an island, why two IG(P) > protocols and no > EG(P) protocol? > > A NA should at least a some understanding of how to connect to > the > outside world - when to use BGP and when not to. Default routing. Wouldn't we all be better off if CCNAs would stay away from BGP?? :-) Priscilla > > Sorry Fred, not having a go at you personally, but these are > points we > all need to think about. > > Best regards, > > Dom Stocqueler > SysDom Technologies > Visit our website - www.sysdom.org > > > -Original Message- > From: Dom [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: 09 September 2003 23:37 > To: 'Reimer, Fred'; '[EMAIL PROTECTED]' > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > > Oh, and while I'm on the subject - why EIGRP? This is a > proprietary > Cisco Protocol. OK, I believe that Juniper may have implemented > it, but > to the best of my knowledge no one else has. > > Best regards, > > Dom Stocqueler > SysDom Technologies > Visit our website - www.sysdom.org > > -Original Message- > From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On > Behalf Of > Reimer, Fred > Sent: 09 September 2003 22:03 > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > > I guess my expectation and Cisco's, or at least their current > expectations as listed on their web site, don't match then. By > my > definition a beginner should know about CIDR, EIGRP, and OSPF. > It's not > like they are inherently difficult to understand. People tend > to make > it sound like rocket science or voodoo magic. It's just a > routing > protocol folks. > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA > 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary > information > which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the > named > recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has > misdirected the > email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If > you are > not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, > disclose, > distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should > immediately > delete it from your computer. > > > -Original Message- > From: "Chuck Whose Road is Ever Shorter" > [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:56 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > ""Reimer, Fred"" wrote in message > news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > > May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) > In my > > view, > a > > NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small > to > > medium sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A > NP, IMO, > > would be >
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Reimer, Fred wrote: > > I've always liked hex myself. A hex mask of FF.FF.F8.00 can be > written as > F800 and still mean the same thing. You obviously can't do > that with > 255.255.128.0 (255.255.128.0 != 2,552,551,280). While binary > works the same > way as hex in this manner, it is much to long for my tastes. > Plus, hex is > used a lot in programming languages when using values in > bitmasks, so I'm > more familiar with it. Also, there are only 5 hex numbers that > you need to > memorize for masks, F 0 8 C and E. And binary is going to be pretty hard to deal with when we get to 128-bit IPv6 addresses!? Dotted decimal notation is really an awful thing. I agree with Howard that it confuses people and should be taught after the binary representation of addresses (and maybe hex?) Not only does dotted decimal notation confuse people with addresses, but it gets them thinking 8 bits at a time, when programming languages, protocol analyzers, debuggers, etc. think 4 bits at a time. Priscilla > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA > 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary > information which > may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named > recipient(s). > If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the > email, please > notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not > the named > recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, > copy, print > or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from > your computer. > > > -Original Message- > From: Howard C. Berkowitz [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 11:32 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > At 10:36 PM + 9/9/03, Dom wrote: > >Fred, check out the archives for Howard's piece on the > difference > >between 'Rocket Science' and 'BGP' when at NASA. > > > >Best regards, > > > >Dom Stocqueler > >SysDom Technologies > >Visit our website - www.sysdom.org > > > Seriously, I've fought a battle for many years with Cisco > Training. I > believe the fundamental problem they _create_ is insisting on > teaching classful and dotted decimal notation first. > > When I've given private classes -- ICRC, the older RSC, etc. -- > I > always began discussing addressing in binary, got people used > to the > idea of prefix length, then introduced dotted decimal as a > means of > representation, and then introduced classful addressing as a > historic > concept. Students were always able to go right into classless > routing without any trouble. > > There are some nice examples in RFC 1878. RFCs 1517-1520 give > the > main background, although there are some earlier papers on > "supernetting". > > With all mercenary disclaimers, I also recommend my book, > _Designing > Addressing Architectures for Routing and Switching_, and my > recent > IPv4/IPv6 tutorial on Certification Zone. > > Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75199&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
At 11:34 AM -0400 9/10/03, Reimer, Fred wrote: >Yes, but the CCIE labs are supposed to be for ISP level engineers, who >almost certainly won't be using default routes most of the time. It should >be assumed that by the time you get to the CCIE level you have much >experience in default routing. > First, ISP level engineers are going to configure default routes for customers, and, indeed, there often are default routes in POPs, or in smaller ISPs. Second, the combination of static default routes with multiple administrative distances can get quite complex. Third, I am more bothered by the lack of static routes than defaults. Complex static routes, with alternatives, are common for traffic engineering. Blackhole static routes are extensively used. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75193&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
At 11:40 AM -0400 9/10/03, Reimer, Fred wrote: >I've always liked hex myself. A hex mask of FF.FF.F8.00 can be written as >F800 and still mean the same thing. You obviously can't do that with >255.255.128.0 (255.255.128.0 != 2,552,551,280). While binary works the same >way as hex in this manner, it is much to long for my tastes. Plus, hex is >used a lot in programming languages when using values in bitmasks, so I'm >more familiar with it. Also, there are only 5 hex numbers that you need to >memorize for masks, F 0 8 C and E. > >Fred Reimer - CCNA I can live very easily with hex or binary. The problem is dotted decimal. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75194&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Oh, it's just getting fun. It's not like we are flaming anyone. We are just expressing our opinions! ;-) I'd agree with you. No BGP for NA's. And as far as who I'd want touching my Internet facing router, it would depend on what type of business it was. If it was a small business, where all they need is a default router that is propagated, I sure as heck would think that an NA would be able to handle that. If it was a large business with say a semi-extensive private WAN with multiple entries into the Internet, I'd definitely prefer at least a NP. If it was a company with dual ISP routing that incorporated BGP, then a NP might be able to handle it, but I would definitely prefer an IE. For ISP's, anyone that would even think of touching the backbone routers I would hope would be IE level, if not certified. It's the experience that counts to me, not necessarily the cert level. Heck, I only have my CCNA so far, but I'd hazard to guess that I have more practical experience than a certain double CCIE that I know. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Stephen Skinner [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, September 10, 2003 6:33 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] BLIMEY !!! this is getting a little heated L+G`s . i personally believe that when i got my CCNA if i had been asked to configure BGP (even Basic) on an internet connecting router for a small-medium sized company...i would have run away screaming... Ask yourselfs this there are three grade`s of Certifications at cisco Associate Profesisional Expert from a company manager`s point-of-view (no offence fred) Whom would you prefer be touching your internet facing router ... yes i am aware that to most of us they don`t mean tuppence (i.e howard/pris) but the plan truth is people NOT in the know rely on the badges >From: "Howard C. Berkowitz" >Reply-To: "Howard C. Berkowitz" >To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] >Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] >Date: Wed, 10 Sep 2003 03:36:57 GMT > >At 11:32 PM + 9/9/03, Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: > >Dom wrote: > >> > >> And one last point, No LAN is an island, why two IG(P) > >> protocols and no > >> EG(P) protocol? > >> > >> A NA should at least a some understanding of how to connect to > >> the > >> outside world - when to use BGP and when not to. > > > >Default routing. Wouldn't we all be better off if CCNAs would stay away >from > >BGP?? :-) > > > >Priscilla > >When fingerpointing in quite a number of external connectivity >problems, I have often found de fault is due to the lack of default. >Cisco hardly helps this by discriminating against static and default >routes in the CCIE lab. >**Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: >http://shop.groupstudy.com >FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: >http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html _ Tired of 56k? Get a FREE BT Broadband connection http://www.msn.co.uk/specials/btbroadband **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75188&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
I've always liked hex myself. A hex mask of FF.FF.F8.00 can be written as F800 and still mean the same thing. You obviously can't do that with 255.255.128.0 (255.255.128.0 != 2,552,551,280). While binary works the same way as hex in this manner, it is much to long for my tastes. Plus, hex is used a lot in programming languages when using values in bitmasks, so I'm more familiar with it. Also, there are only 5 hex numbers that you need to memorize for masks, F 0 8 C and E. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Howard C. Berkowitz [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 11:32 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] At 10:36 PM + 9/9/03, Dom wrote: >Fred, check out the archives for Howard's piece on the difference >between 'Rocket Science' and 'BGP' when at NASA. > >Best regards, > >Dom Stocqueler >SysDom Technologies >Visit our website - www.sysdom.org Seriously, I've fought a battle for many years with Cisco Training. I believe the fundamental problem they _create_ is insisting on teaching classful and dotted decimal notation first. When I've given private classes -- ICRC, the older RSC, etc. -- I always began discussing addressing in binary, got people used to the idea of prefix length, then introduced dotted decimal as a means of representation, and then introduced classful addressing as a historic concept. Students were always able to go right into classless routing without any trouble. There are some nice examples in RFC 1878. RFCs 1517-1520 give the main background, although there are some earlier papers on "supernetting". With all mercenary disclaimers, I also recommend my book, _Designing Addressing Architectures for Routing and Switching_, and my recent IPv4/IPv6 tutorial on Certification Zone. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75185&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Yes, but the CCIE labs are supposed to be for ISP level engineers, who almost certainly won't be using default routes most of the time. It should be assumed that by the time you get to the CCIE level you have much experience in default routing. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Howard C. Berkowitz [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 11:37 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] At 11:32 PM + 9/9/03, Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: >Dom wrote: >> >> And one last point, No LAN is an island, why two IG(P) >> protocols and no >> EG(P) protocol? >> >> A NA should at least a some understanding of how to connect to >> the >> outside world - when to use BGP and when not to. > >Default routing. Wouldn't we all be better off if CCNAs would stay away from >BGP?? :-) > >Priscilla When fingerpointing in quite a number of external connectivity problems, I have often found de fault is due to the lack of default. Cisco hardly helps this by discriminating against static and default routes in the CCIE lab. **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75184&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
True. The primary reasons would be that Cisco is the market leader, especially in SMB, and 2nd would be that while proprietary, the workings of the protocol certainly are not. It is well-documented. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Dom [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 6:37 PM To: 'Reimer, Fred'; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] Oh, and while I'm on the subject - why EIGRP? This is a proprietary Cisco Protocol. OK, I believe that Juniper may have implemented it, but to the best of my knowledge no one else has. Best regards, Dom Stocqueler SysDom Technologies Visit our website - www.sysdom.org -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Reimer, Fred Sent: 09 September 2003 22:03 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] I guess my expectation and Cisco's, or at least their current expectations as listed on their web site, don't match then. By my definition a beginner should know about CIDR, EIGRP, and OSPF. It's not like they are inherently difficult to understand. People tend to make it sound like rocket science or voodoo magic. It's just a routing protocol folks. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: "Chuck Whose Road is Ever Shorter" [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:56 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] ""Reimer, Fred"" wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) In my > view, a > NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small to > medium sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A NP, IMO, > would be for > advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for configuring a > mid-large sized network for connection to the Internet including > minimal BGP. IE, IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal with > extensive IS-IS, BGP using > all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks. > > May be I'm just expecting too much, but if you don't understand CIDR > you shouldn't be allowed anywhere near a router, let alone be > responsible for configuring them. with all due respect, I disagree. CCNA is promoted by Cisco as being someone capable of designing and configuring a small network. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/le3/le2/le0/le9/learning_certificati on_t ype_home.html "The CCNA certification (Cisco Certified Network Associate) indicates a foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking. CCNA certified professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and dial access services for small networks (100 nodes or fewer), including but not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists." my experience has been that small nets have less if any need for CIDR knowledge or expertise. Cisco has over the past couple of years been slowly upping the ante, and I wish Cisco would get clear as to what skill sets are appropriate at what certification level. Cisco tends to be all over the map on this, and has been the netire time I have been playing at certification. But in general, I believe the idea is that CCxA is beginner, CCxP is intermediate, and CCIE is high level. as with all things certification related, YMMV. I've known CCNA's who manage large networks, and I've known CCIE's whose knowledge of certain specific areas was less than expert. As can be expected, depending on experience, job, place of employment, years in the field, etc. Chuck >
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Yes! Even I would not feel comfortable configuring BGP in a production environment yet, and although I don't have my CCNP yet, I did pass the routing and switching tests. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Priscilla Oppenheimer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 7:32 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] Dom wrote: > > And one last point, No LAN is an island, why two IG(P) > protocols and no > EG(P) protocol? > > A NA should at least a some understanding of how to connect to > the > outside world - when to use BGP and when not to. Default routing. Wouldn't we all be better off if CCNAs would stay away from BGP?? :-) Priscilla > > Sorry Fred, not having a go at you personally, but these are > points we > all need to think about. > > Best regards, > > Dom Stocqueler > SysDom Technologies > Visit our website - www.sysdom.org > > > -Original Message- > From: Dom [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: 09 September 2003 23:37 > To: 'Reimer, Fred'; '[EMAIL PROTECTED]' > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > > Oh, and while I'm on the subject - why EIGRP? This is a > proprietary > Cisco Protocol. OK, I believe that Juniper may have implemented > it, but > to the best of my knowledge no one else has. > > Best regards, > > Dom Stocqueler > SysDom Technologies > Visit our website - www.sysdom.org > > -Original Message- > From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On > Behalf Of > Reimer, Fred > Sent: 09 September 2003 22:03 > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > > I guess my expectation and Cisco's, or at least their current > expectations as listed on their web site, don't match then. By > my > definition a beginner should know about CIDR, EIGRP, and OSPF. > It's not > like they are inherently difficult to understand. People tend > to make > it sound like rocket science or voodoo magic. It's just a > routing > protocol folks. > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA > 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary > information > which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the > named > recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has > misdirected the > email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If > you are > not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, > disclose, > distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should > immediately > delete it from your computer. > > > -Original Message- > From: "Chuck Whose Road is Ever Shorter" > [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:56 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > ""Reimer, Fred"" wrote in message > news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > > May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) > In my > > view, > a > > NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small > to > > medium sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A > NP, IMO, > > would be > for > > advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for > configuring a > > mid-large sized network for connection to the Internet > including > > minimal BGP. IE, IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal > with > > extensive IS-IS, BGP > using > > all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks. > > > > May be I'm just expecting too much, but if you don't > understand CIDR > > you shouldn't be allowed anywhere near a router, let alone be > > responsible for configuring them. > > > with all due respect, I disagree. CCNA is promoted by Cisco as > being > someone capable of designing and configuring a small network. > > http:/
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
No reason to be sorry! I'm all for "vigorous" discussion ;-)
No BGP in the NA because we are talking about SMALL to medium business.
Yes, they should know about how to connect up to the Internet, using a
default route, etc. But you are not going to find that many ISPs, if any,
that are willing to setup a BGP peer with a store-front business with a 16
address space public network (or even granted they are given a /24 public
subnet). If you find any, let me know!
That's why I say EGP for NP. A medium to large business certainly may need
EGP expertise.
And I suppose that's a slight difference in the way people think about the
different certification levels. When I say RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF should be
requirements for a NA I mean the candidates should be }experts{ in those
protocols. Not just having a passing understanding, have read about it in a
book once, or used some study guide to rote-memorize answers to common
questions.
So, on the one hand I think the standards should be tougher, requiring
"expert" level knowledge for the IGP's, and on the other I don't think a NA
needs to know anything about EGP's.
Fred Reimer - CCNA
Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338
Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050
NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which
may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s).
If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please
notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named
recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print
or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer.
-Original Message-
From: Dom [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 6:59 PM
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]; 'Reimer, Fred'; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
And one last point, No LAN is an island, why two IG(P) protocols and no
EG(P) protocol?
A NA should at least a some understanding of how to connect to the
outside world - when to use BGP and when not to.
Sorry Fred, not having a go at you personally, but these are points we
all need to think about.
Best regards,
Dom Stocqueler
SysDom Technologies
Visit our website - www.sysdom.org
-Original Message-
From: Dom [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: 09 September 2003 23:37
To: 'Reimer, Fred'; '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'
Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Oh, and while I'm on the subject - why EIGRP? This is a proprietary
Cisco Protocol. OK, I believe that Juniper may have implemented it, but
to the best of my knowledge no one else has.
Best regards,
Dom Stocqueler
SysDom Technologies
Visit our website - www.sysdom.org
-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of
Reimer, Fred
Sent: 09 September 2003 22:03
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
I guess my expectation and Cisco's, or at least their current
expectations as listed on their web site, don't match then. By my
definition a beginner should know about CIDR, EIGRP, and OSPF. It's not
like they are inherently difficult to understand. People tend to make
it sound like rocket science or voodoo magic. It's just a routing
protocol folks.
Fred Reimer - CCNA
Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338
Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050
NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information
which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named
recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the
email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are
not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose,
distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately
delete it from your computer.
-Original Message-
From: "Chuck Whose Road is Ever Shorter" [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:56 PM
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
""Reimer, Fred"" wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) In my
> view,
a
> NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small to
> medium sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A NP, IMO,
> would be
for
> advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for configuring a
> mid-large sized network for connection to the Internet including
> minimal BGP. IE, IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal with
> extensive IS-IS, BGP
using
> all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks.
>
> May be I'm just exp
Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
I get the same results as Marko, but this may lay it out so you (and others) can see the development: IP address = 32 bits Network portion = 22 bits Host portion = 10 bits Total addresses for host portion = 2^10 = 1024 Start with 192.168.24.0/22 Focus on the 3rd octet (network_host): 000110_00 400 hosts requires 9 bits (2^8 = 256, 2^9 = 512) and you will have some left in this block divide the /22 into two blocks of 512 addresses each: 0001100_0 (.24/23) and 000_0 (.26/23) use .24/23 for the 400-host network 200 hosts requires 8 bits (2^7 = 128, 2^8 = 256) and there will be some left in this block, too divide the .26/25 into 2 blocks of 256 addresses each: 0000 (.26/24) and 0001 (.27/24) use .26/24 for the 200-host network 50 hosts requires 6 bits (2^5 = 32, 2^6 = 64) and you will again have some leftovers divide the .27/24 into 4 blocks of 64 addresses each now looking at the 4th octet: 00_00 (.0/26), 01_00 (.64/26), 10_00 (.128/26), and 11_00 (.192/26) use the first two for the 50-host networks and the rest is easy My personal rule is to always start with the biggest blocks and work down from there. HTH Annlee Steven Aiello wrote: > I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering CIDR. The > book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and are used. > > > This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs > > I have network number > > 192.168.24.0 / 22 > > from this I need > networks with > > 400 hosts > 200 hosts > 50 hosts > 50 hosts > 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) > 2 hosts > 2 hosts > > Also no NATing > > Thanks all I really could use the help > > Steve > **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: > http://shop.groupstudy.com > FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html This email has been scanned for all viruses by the MessageLabs Email Security System. For more information on a proactive email security service working around the clock, around the globe, visit http://www.messagelabs.com Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75172&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work What I figured out [7:75173]
>From what you say, I think you have it, but I'm not sure. Starting from the
bottom of a /24 subnet (Class C), you could have a /26 subnet, then two /27
subnets, then four /28 subnets, and finally another /26 subnet. Or you
could have two /28 subnets, one /27 subnet, one /26 subnet, followed by a
/25 subnet. The combination, and order, does not really matter, as long as
no IP addresses within the subnets overlap.
For instance, you couldn't have a /26 (64 addresses) followed by a /25 (128
addresses), followed by a /26 (64 addresses). Why? Because there can't be
any overlaps. The 64 would start at .0 and go to .63. The 128 would
start... Where? It can't start at .64, because that's in the middle of say
192.168.24.0/25 (which is 192.168.24.0-192.168.24.127). It would need to
start at .0 or .128. If it started at .128 then it would extend to .255, in
which case there wouldn't be room for the last /26 subnet. So, you re-order
them and use either a /26, /26, and /25, or /25, /26, and /26.
Remember, the whole classful/classless thing is routing protocol specific.
It has nothing to do with how hosts view IP addresses, or make "routing"
decisions (meaning whether to send it to a router or if the address is
local). The source code for a TCP/IP stack may look something like this:
# Assuming addresses/masks are 32-bit numbers, not dotted decimal
# string representations of addresses/masks.
# $ip_src is the IP address of the outgoing interface on the host
# $ip_dst is the IP address of the destination
# $ip_mask is the subnet mask on the outgoing interface
# $ip_gateway is the IP address of the default gateway
# check to see if destination address is in same subnet as our interface
if (($ip_src & $ip_mask) == ($ip_dst & $ip_mask)) {
# send directly to destination, possibly arping out first
} else {
# send to default gateway, $ip_gateway,
# possibly arping out first
}
There would obviously be more logic in there as you may have more than one
route and not a single default gateway, but the important point is that it
does not matter about the "classfulness" or "classlessness" of the subnet
mask. The host doesn't give a hoot. As long as the source and the
destination both agree whether they are in the same subnet or not everything
works fine. If they don't, you may need some ancient hack like proxy ARP,
but I don't know anyone in their right mind that would recommend
purposefully MIS-configuring a network so that it is required.
Fred Reimer - CCNA
Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338
Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050
NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which
may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s).
If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please
notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named
recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print
or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer.
-Original Message-
From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 1:21 PM
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work What I figured out
[7:75087]
I was stuck on the idea that you could ONLY re subnet a remaining piece
of a subnetwork. And not apply a mask to the whole span of the total
available network. You can (unless I'm incorrect here) you just have to
watch out for address over lap neer your subnetwork boundries.
I think I got it.
Man I love this news group!
Steve
Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote:
> Reimer, Fred wrote:
>
>>No offense, but this is CCNA material.
>
>
> Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing
that's
> hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a
classful
> system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary isn't
> something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new Networking
> Academy books teach it from the start now.)
>
> Priscilla
>
>
>>If you are going for
>>your CCNP, then
>>you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But
>>anyway...
>>
>>If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would
>>have a /23
>>mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign
>>it to that:
>>
>>192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255)
>>
>>Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within
>>a /24 subnet,
>>so assign the next available to that:
>>
>>192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255)
>>
>>Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original
>>192.168.24.0/23
>>(whic
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Here's a great resource: pad http://www.nanog.org/isp.html#cidr scroll down to CIDR and download "Understanding IP Addressing: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know" by Chuck Semeria Looking at your specific problem - think in powers of two. 400 nodes is greater than 256 but less than 512. Use /23 out of your allocation. 200 is less than 256 so use a /24. 50 is greater than 32 and less than 64 so use a /26 for each. The serial links each need a /30. Probably best to take the last /28 from the allocation and break it down into four /30s. > -Original Message- > From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 7:02 AM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > > I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering > CIDR. The > book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down > and are used. > > > This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs > > I have network number > > 192.168.24.0 / 22 > > from this I need > networks with > > 400 hosts > 200 hosts > 50 hosts > 50 hosts > 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) > 2 hosts > 2 hosts > > Also no NATing > > Thanks all I really could use the help > > Steve **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html This email has been scanned for all viruses by the MessageLabs Email Security System. For more information on a proactive email security service working around the clock, around the globe, visit http://www.messagelabs.com Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75171&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Hi there, There is a great link for al this you should check out: http://www.3com.com/other/pdfs/infra/corpinfo/en_US/501302.pdf Cheers, Kenan Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75174&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Fred, OSPF was just moved into the CCNA 3.0 Acad. which is JUST being released now. I wish we would have coverd that, and other things you mention. Steve Reimer, Fred wrote: > May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) In my view, a > NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small to medium > sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A NP, IMO, would be for > advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for configuring a mid-large > sized network for connection to the Internet including minimal BGP. IE, > IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal with extensive IS-IS, BGP using > all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks. > > May be I'm just expecting too much, but if you don't understand CIDR you > shouldn't be allowed anywhere near a router, let alone be responsible for > configuring them. > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which > may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). > If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please > notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named > recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print > or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. > > > -Original Message- > From: Priscilla Oppenheimer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 12:33 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > Reimer, Fred wrote: > >>No offense, but this is CCNA material. > > > Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing that's > hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a classful > system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary isn't > something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new Networking > Academy books teach it from the start now.) > > Priscilla > > >>If you are going for >>your CCNP, then >>you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But >>anyway... >> >>If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would >>have a /23 >>mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign >>it to that: >> >>192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) >> >>Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within >>a /24 subnet, >>so assign the next available to that: >> >>192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) >> >>Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original >>192.168.24.0/23 >>(which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two >>50's, so that >>should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: >> >>192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) >>192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) >> >>Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, >>which would >>fit within /30 subnets. So assign: >> >>192.168.27.192/30 >>192.168.27.196/30 >>192.168.27.200/30 >> >> >>Fred Reimer - CCNA >> >> >>Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA >>30338 >>Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 >> >> >>NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary >>information which >>may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named >>recipient(s). >>If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the >>email, please >>notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not >>the named >>recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, >>copy, print >>or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from >>your computer. >> >> >>-Original Message- >>From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] >>Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 8:02 AM >>To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] >>Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] >> >>I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering >>CIDR. The >>book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and >>are used. >> >> >>This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs >> >>I have network number >> >>192.168.24.0 / 22 >> >>from this I need >>networks with >> >>400 hosts
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
BLIMEY !!! this is getting a little heated L+G`s . i personally believe that when i got my CCNA if i had been asked to configure BGP (even Basic) on an internet connecting router for a small-medium sized company...i would have run away screaming... Ask yourselfs this there are three grade`s of Certifications at cisco Associate Profesisional Expert from a company manager`s point-of-view (no offence fred) Whom would you prefer be touching your internet facing router ... yes i am aware that to most of us they don`t mean tuppence (i.e howard/pris) but the plan truth is people NOT in the know rely on the badges >From: "Howard C. Berkowitz" >Reply-To: "Howard C. Berkowitz" >To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] >Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] >Date: Wed, 10 Sep 2003 03:36:57 GMT > >At 11:32 PM + 9/9/03, Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: > >Dom wrote: > >> > >> And one last point, No LAN is an island, why two IG(P) > >> protocols and no > >> EG(P) protocol? > >> > >> A NA should at least a some understanding of how to connect to > >> the > >> outside world - when to use BGP and when not to. > > > >Default routing. Wouldn't we all be better off if CCNAs would stay away >from > >BGP?? :-) > > > >Priscilla > >When fingerpointing in quite a number of external connectivity >problems, I have often found de fault is due to the lack of default. >Cisco hardly helps this by discriminating against static and default >routes in the CCIE lab. >**Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: >http://shop.groupstudy.com >FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: >http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html _ Tired of 56k? Get a FREE BT Broadband connection http://www.msn.co.uk/specials/btbroadband Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75166&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
No offense, but this is CCNA material. If you are going for your CCNP, then you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But anyway... If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would have a /23 mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign it to that: 192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within a /24 subnet, so assign the next available to that: 192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original 192.168.24.0/23 (which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two 50's, so that should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: 192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) 192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, which would fit within /30 subnets. So assign: 192.168.27.192/30 192.168.27.196/30 192.168.27.200/30 Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 8:02 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering CIDR. The book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and are used. This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs I have network number 192.168.24.0 / 22 from this I need networks with 400 hosts 200 hosts 50 hosts 50 hosts 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) 2 hosts 2 hosts Also no NATing Thanks all I really could use the help Steve **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html This email has been scanned for all viruses by the MessageLabs Email Security System. For more information on a proactive email security service working around the clock, around the globe, visit http://www.messagelabs.com Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75164&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
>Oh, and while I'm on the subject - why EIGRP? This is a proprietary >Cisco Protocol. OK, I believe that Juniper may have implemented it, but >to the best of my knowledge no one else has. Can we say account control? EIGRP is somewhat less resource intensive than link state protocols under some circumstances, and may be more tolerant of certain errors. Since AppleTalk and IPX have been deemphasized, it's harder and harder to justify. Yes, it's topologically more flexible than OSPF and ISIS, but that, IMHO, is not necessarily a good thing for someone who doesn't really understand when not to use hierarchical topology. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75152&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
At 11:32 PM + 9/9/03, Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: >Dom wrote: >> >> And one last point, No LAN is an island, why two IG(P) >> protocols and no >> EG(P) protocol? >> >> A NA should at least a some understanding of how to connect to >> the >> outside world - when to use BGP and when not to. > >Default routing. Wouldn't we all be better off if CCNAs would stay away from >BGP?? :-) > >Priscilla When fingerpointing in quite a number of external connectivity problems, I have often found de fault is due to the lack of default. Cisco hardly helps this by discriminating against static and default routes in the CCIE lab. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75153&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
At 10:36 PM + 9/9/03, Dom wrote: >Fred, check out the archives for Howard's piece on the difference >between 'Rocket Science' and 'BGP' when at NASA. > >Best regards, > >Dom Stocqueler >SysDom Technologies >Visit our website - www.sysdom.org Seriously, I've fought a battle for many years with Cisco Training. I believe the fundamental problem they _create_ is insisting on teaching classful and dotted decimal notation first. When I've given private classes -- ICRC, the older RSC, etc. -- I always began discussing addressing in binary, got people used to the idea of prefix length, then introduced dotted decimal as a means of representation, and then introduced classful addressing as a historic concept. Students were always able to go right into classless routing without any trouble. There are some nice examples in RFC 1878. RFCs 1517-1520 give the main background, although there are some earlier papers on "supernetting". With all mercenary disclaimers, I also recommend my book, _Designing Addressing Architectures for Routing and Switching_, and my recent IPv4/IPv6 tutorial on Certification Zone. >-Original Message- >From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of >Reimer, Fred >Sent: 09 September 2003 22:03 >To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] >Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > >I guess my expectation and Cisco's, or at least their current >expectations as listed on their web site, don't match then. By my >definition a beginner should know about CIDR, EIGRP, and OSPF. It's not >like they are inherently difficult to understand. People tend to make >it sound like rocket science or voodoo magic. It's just a routing >protocol folks. > >Fred Reimer - CCNA > >-Original Message- >From: "Chuck Whose Road is Ever Shorter" [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] >Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:56 PM >To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] >Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > >""Reimer, Fred"" wrote in message >news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] >> May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) In my >> view, >a >> NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small to >> medium sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A NP, IMO, >> would be >for >> advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for configuring a >> mid-large sized network for connection to the Internet including >> minimal BGP. IE, IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal with >> extensive IS-IS, BGP >using >> all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks. Historically, the R&S CCIE has been aimed at large, or medium to large, enterprises. It doesn't begin to explore real-world BGP. > > >> May be I'm just expecting too much, but if you don't understand CIDR >> you shouldn't be allowed anywhere near a router, let alone be >> responsible for configuring them. > > >with all due respect, I disagree. CCNA is promoted by Cisco as being >someone capable of designing and configuring a small network. > >http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/le3/le2/le0/le9/learning_certificati >on_t >ype_home.html > >"The CCNA certification (Cisco Certified Network Associate) indicates a >foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking. CCNA certified >professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and dial >access services for small networks (100 nodes or fewer), including but >not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame Relay, IP >RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists." > >my experience has been that small nets have less if any need for CIDR >knowledge or expertise. > >Cisco has over the past couple of years been slowly upping the ante, and >I wish Cisco would get clear as to what skill sets are appropriate at >what certification level. Cisco tends to be all over the map on this, >and has been the netire time I have been playing at certification. But >in general, I believe the idea is that CCxA is beginner, CCxP is >intermediate, and CCIE is high level. > >as with all things certification related, YMMV. I've known CCNA's who >manage large networks, and I've known CCIE's whose knowledge of certain >specific areas was less than expert. As can be expected, depending on >experience, job, place of employment, years in the field, etc. > >Chuck > > >> >> Fred Reimer - CCNA >> >> >> Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 >> Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 >> >> >>
Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
No, the new curriculum recognizes the subnet zero command. Prof. Tom Lisa, CCAI Community College of Southern Nevada Cisco ATC/Regional Networking Academy "Cunctando restituit rem" Daniel Cotts wrote: > Tom, > In the old CCNA books if a question came up about how many subnets could be > formed from a block - the all zeros and all ones subnets were not counted. > Does this still hold with the new curriculum? > > > -Original Message- > > From: Tom Lisa [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:54 PM > > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > > > > > We are now teaching VLSM/CIDR in the CCNA curriculum. > > > > Prof. Tom Lisa, CCAI > > Community College of Southern Nevada > > Cisco ATC/Regional Networking Academy > > "Cunctando restituit rem" > **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: > http://shop.groupstudy.com > FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75149&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Tom, In the old CCNA books if a question came up about how many subnets could be formed from a block - the all zeros and all ones subnets were not counted. Does this still hold with the new curriculum? > -Original Message- > From: Tom Lisa [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:54 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > > We are now teaching VLSM/CIDR in the CCNA curriculum. > > Prof. Tom Lisa, CCAI > Community College of Southern Nevada > Cisco ATC/Regional Networking Academy > "Cunctando restituit rem" Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75142&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Priscilla, As much as I respect your great knowledge I must disagree. If CCNAs had some small amount of understanding of BGP (and I mean small) they would stop asking about registered AS numbers etc when trying to set up so-called resilient connections, usually to/from the same providers. Can we not tell them that it is grown up stuff and they will learn ***more*** about it later - Just give them an overview. Just my 0.02 GPBs Dom -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: 10 September 2003 00:32 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] Dom wrote: > > And one last point, No LAN is an island, why two IG(P) protocols and > no > EG(P) protocol? > > A NA should at least a some understanding of how to connect to the > outside world - when to use BGP and when not to. Default routing. Wouldn't we all be better off if CCNAs would stay away from BGP?? :-) Priscilla > > Sorry Fred, not having a go at you personally, but these are points we > all need to think about. > > Best regards, > > Dom Stocqueler > SysDom Technologies > Visit our website - www.sysdom.org > > > -Original Message- > From: Dom [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: 09 September 2003 23:37 > To: 'Reimer, Fred'; '[EMAIL PROTECTED]' > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > > Oh, and while I'm on the subject - why EIGRP? This is a proprietary > Cisco Protocol. OK, I believe that Juniper may have implemented > it, but > to the best of my knowledge no one else has. > > Best regards, > > Dom Stocqueler > SysDom Technologies > Visit our website - www.sysdom.org > > -Original Message- > From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf > Of Reimer, Fred > Sent: 09 September 2003 22:03 > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > > I guess my expectation and Cisco's, or at least their current > expectations as listed on their web site, don't match then. By my > definition a beginner should know about CIDR, EIGRP, and OSPF. > It's not > like they are inherently difficult to understand. People tend > to make > it sound like rocket science or voodoo magic. It's just a > routing > protocol folks. > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information > which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the > named > recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has > misdirected the > email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If > you are > not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, > disclose, > distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should > immediately > delete it from your computer. > > > -Original Message- > From: "Chuck Whose Road is Ever Shorter" > [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:56 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > ""Reimer, Fred"" wrote in message > news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > > May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) > In my > > view, > a > > NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small > to > > medium sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A > NP, IMO, > > would be > for > > advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for > configuring a > > mid-large sized network for connection to the Internet > including > > minimal BGP. IE, IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal > with > > extensive IS-IS, BGP > using > > all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks. > > > > May be I'm just expecting too much, but if you don't > understand CIDR > > you shouldn't be allowed anywhere near a router, let alone be > > responsible for configuring them. > > > with all due respect, I disagree. CCNA is promoted by Cisco as being > someone capable of designing and configuring a small network. > > http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/le3/le2/le0/le9/learning_certifica > ti > on_t > ype_home.html > > "The CCNA certification (Cisco Certified Network Associate) indicates > a foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking. CCNA > certified > professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and > dial > access services for small networks (10
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Dom wrote: > > And one last point, No LAN is an island, why two IG(P) > protocols and no > EG(P) protocol? > > A NA should at least a some understanding of how to connect to > the > outside world - when to use BGP and when not to. Default routing. Wouldn't we all be better off if CCNAs would stay away from BGP?? :-) Priscilla > > Sorry Fred, not having a go at you personally, but these are > points we > all need to think about. > > Best regards, > > Dom Stocqueler > SysDom Technologies > Visit our website - www.sysdom.org > > > -Original Message- > From: Dom [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: 09 September 2003 23:37 > To: 'Reimer, Fred'; '[EMAIL PROTECTED]' > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > > Oh, and while I'm on the subject - why EIGRP? This is a > proprietary > Cisco Protocol. OK, I believe that Juniper may have implemented > it, but > to the best of my knowledge no one else has. > > Best regards, > > Dom Stocqueler > SysDom Technologies > Visit our website - www.sysdom.org > > -Original Message- > From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On > Behalf Of > Reimer, Fred > Sent: 09 September 2003 22:03 > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > > I guess my expectation and Cisco's, or at least their current > expectations as listed on their web site, don't match then. By > my > definition a beginner should know about CIDR, EIGRP, and OSPF. > It's not > like they are inherently difficult to understand. People tend > to make > it sound like rocket science or voodoo magic. It's just a > routing > protocol folks. > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA > 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary > information > which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the > named > recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has > misdirected the > email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If > you are > not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, > disclose, > distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should > immediately > delete it from your computer. > > > -Original Message- > From: "Chuck Whose Road is Ever Shorter" > [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:56 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > ""Reimer, Fred"" wrote in message > news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > > May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) > In my > > view, > a > > NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small > to > > medium sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A > NP, IMO, > > would be > for > > advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for > configuring a > > mid-large sized network for connection to the Internet > including > > minimal BGP. IE, IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal > with > > extensive IS-IS, BGP > using > > all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks. > > > > May be I'm just expecting too much, but if you don't > understand CIDR > > you shouldn't be allowed anywhere near a router, let alone be > > responsible for configuring them. > > > with all due respect, I disagree. CCNA is promoted by Cisco as > being > someone capable of designing and configuring a small network. > > http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/le3/le2/le0/le9/learning_certificati > on_t > ype_home.html > > "The CCNA certification (Cisco Certified Network Associate) > indicates a > foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking. CCNA > certified > professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and > dial > access services for small networks (100 nodes or fewer), > including but > not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame > Relay, IP > RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists." > > my experience has been that small nets have less if any need > for CIDR > knowledge or expertise. > > Cisco has over the past couple of years been slowly upping the > ante, and > I wish Cisco would get clear as to what skill sets are > appropriate at > what certification level. Cisco tends to be all over the map on > this, > and has been the netire time I have been playing
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
And one last point, No LAN is an island, why two IG(P) protocols and no EG(P) protocol? A NA should at least a some understanding of how to connect to the outside world - when to use BGP and when not to. Sorry Fred, not having a go at you personally, but these are points we all need to think about. Best regards, Dom Stocqueler SysDom Technologies Visit our website - www.sysdom.org -Original Message- From: Dom [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: 09 September 2003 23:37 To: 'Reimer, Fred'; '[EMAIL PROTECTED]' Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] Oh, and while I'm on the subject - why EIGRP? This is a proprietary Cisco Protocol. OK, I believe that Juniper may have implemented it, but to the best of my knowledge no one else has. Best regards, Dom Stocqueler SysDom Technologies Visit our website - www.sysdom.org -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Reimer, Fred Sent: 09 September 2003 22:03 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] I guess my expectation and Cisco's, or at least their current expectations as listed on their web site, don't match then. By my definition a beginner should know about CIDR, EIGRP, and OSPF. It's not like they are inherently difficult to understand. People tend to make it sound like rocket science or voodoo magic. It's just a routing protocol folks. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: "Chuck Whose Road is Ever Shorter" [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:56 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] ""Reimer, Fred"" wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) In my > view, a > NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small to > medium sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A NP, IMO, > would be for > advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for configuring a > mid-large sized network for connection to the Internet including > minimal BGP. IE, IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal with > extensive IS-IS, BGP using > all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks. > > May be I'm just expecting too much, but if you don't understand CIDR > you shouldn't be allowed anywhere near a router, let alone be > responsible for configuring them. with all due respect, I disagree. CCNA is promoted by Cisco as being someone capable of designing and configuring a small network. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/le3/le2/le0/le9/learning_certificati on_t ype_home.html "The CCNA certification (Cisco Certified Network Associate) indicates a foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking. CCNA certified professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and dial access services for small networks (100 nodes or fewer), including but not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists." my experience has been that small nets have less if any need for CIDR knowledge or expertise. Cisco has over the past couple of years been slowly upping the ante, and I wish Cisco would get clear as to what skill sets are appropriate at what certification level. Cisco tends to be all over the map on this, and has been the netire time I have been playing at certification. But in general, I believe the idea is that CCxA is beginner, CCxP is intermediate, and CCIE is high level. as with all things certification related, YMMV. I've known CCNA's who manage large networks, and I've known CCIE's whose knowledge of certain specific areas was less than expert. As can be expected, depending on experience, job, place of employment, years in the field, etc. Chuck > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information > which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named > recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected > the email
Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work What I figured out [7:75129]
a while and after a short time > it > will be second nature for you to subnet existing networks without > accidentally overlapping them. > > HTH, > John > > >>> Steven Aiello 9/9/03 12:03:06 PM >>> > I was stuck on the idea that you could ONLY re subnet a remaining > piece > of a subnetwork. And not apply a mask to the whole span of the total > available network. You can (unless I'm incorrect here) you just have > to > watch out for address over lap neer your subnetwork boundries. > > I think I got it. > > Man I love this news group! > > Steve > > Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: > > > Reimer, Fred wrote: > > > >>No offense, but this is CCNA material. > > > > > > Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only > thing > that's > > hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a > classful > > system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary > > isn't > > something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new > Networking > > Academy books teach it from the start now.) > > > > Priscilla > > > > > >>If you are going for > >>your CCNP, then > >>you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But > >>anyway... > >> > >>If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would > >>have a /23 > >>mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign > >>it to that: > >> > >>192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) > >> > >>Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within > >>a /24 subnet, > >>so assign the next available to that: > >> > >>192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) > >> > >>Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original > >>192.168.24.0/23 > >>(which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two > >>50's, so that > >>should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: > >> > >>192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) > >>192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) > >> > >>Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, > >>which would > >>fit within /30 subnets. So assign: > >> > >>192.168.27.192/30 > >>192.168.27.196/30 > >>192.168.27.200/30 > >> > >> > >>Fred Reimer - CCNA > >> > >> > >>Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA > >>30338 > >>Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > >> > >> > >>NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary > >>information which > >>may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named > >>recipient(s). > >>If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the > >>email, please > >>notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not > >>the named > >>recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, > >>copy, print > >>or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from > >>your computer. > >> > >> > >>-Original Message- > >>From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > >>Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 8:02 AM > >>To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > >>Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > >> > >>I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering > >>CIDR. The > >>book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and > >>are used. > >> > >> > >>This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs > >> > >>I have network number > >> > >>192.168.24.0 / 22 > >> > >>from this I need > >>networks with > >> > >>400 hosts > >>200 hosts > >>50 hosts > >>50 hosts > >>2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) > >>2 hosts > >>2 hosts > >> > >>Also no NATing > >> > >>Thanks all I really could use the help > >> > >>Steve > >>**Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy > >>Store: > >>http://shop.groupstudy.com > >>FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: > >>http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html > > **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: > > > http://shop.groupstudy.com > > FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: > http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html > **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: > http://shop.groupstudy.com > FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: > http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html > **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: > http://shop.groupstudy.com > FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: > http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75129&t=75129 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work What I figured out [7:75127]
apply a mask to the whole span of the total available network. You can (unless I'm incorrect here) you just have to watch out for address over lap neer your subnetwork boundries. I think I got it. Man I love this news group! Steve Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: > Reimer, Fred wrote: > >>No offense, but this is CCNA material. > > > Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing that's > hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a classful > system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary isn't > something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new Networking > Academy books teach it from the start now.) > > Priscilla > > >>If you are going for >>your CCNP, then >>you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But >>anyway... >> >>If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would >>have a /23 >>mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign >>it to that: >> >>192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) >> >>Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within >>a /24 subnet, >>so assign the next available to that: >> >>192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) >> >>Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original >>192.168.24.0/23 >>(which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two >>50's, so that >>should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: >> >>192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) >>192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) >> >>Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, >>which would >>fit within /30 subnets. So assign: >> >>192.168.27.192/30 >>192.168.27.196/30 >>192.168.27.200/30 >> >> >>Fred Reimer - CCNA >> >> >>Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA >>30338 >>Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 >> >> >>NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary >>information which >>may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named >>recipient(s). >>If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the >>email, please >>notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not >>the named >>recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, >>copy, print >>or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from >>your computer. >> >> >>-Original Message- >>From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] >>Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 8:02 AM >>To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] >>Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] >> >>I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering >>CIDR. The >>book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and >>are used. >> >> >>This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs >> >>I have network number >> >>192.168.24.0 / 22 >> >>from this I need >>networks with >> >>400 hosts >>200 hosts >>50 hosts >>50 hosts >>2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) >>2 hosts >>2 hosts >> >>Also no NATing >> >>Thanks all I really could use the help >> >>Steve >>**Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy >>Store: >>http://shop.groupstudy.com >>FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: >>http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html > **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: > http://shop.groupstudy.com > FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75127&t=75127 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Fred, check out the archives for Howard's piece on the difference between 'Rocket Science' and 'BGP' when at NASA. Best regards, Dom Stocqueler SysDom Technologies Visit our website - www.sysdom.org -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Reimer, Fred Sent: 09 September 2003 22:03 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] I guess my expectation and Cisco's, or at least their current expectations as listed on their web site, don't match then. By my definition a beginner should know about CIDR, EIGRP, and OSPF. It's not like they are inherently difficult to understand. People tend to make it sound like rocket science or voodoo magic. It's just a routing protocol folks. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: "Chuck Whose Road is Ever Shorter" [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:56 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] ""Reimer, Fred"" wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) In my > view, a > NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small to > medium sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A NP, IMO, > would be for > advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for configuring a > mid-large sized network for connection to the Internet including > minimal BGP. IE, IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal with > extensive IS-IS, BGP using > all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks. > > May be I'm just expecting too much, but if you don't understand CIDR > you shouldn't be allowed anywhere near a router, let alone be > responsible for configuring them. with all due respect, I disagree. CCNA is promoted by Cisco as being someone capable of designing and configuring a small network. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/le3/le2/le0/le9/learning_certificati on_t ype_home.html "The CCNA certification (Cisco Certified Network Associate) indicates a foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking. CCNA certified professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and dial access services for small networks (100 nodes or fewer), including but not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists." my experience has been that small nets have less if any need for CIDR knowledge or expertise. Cisco has over the past couple of years been slowly upping the ante, and I wish Cisco would get clear as to what skill sets are appropriate at what certification level. Cisco tends to be all over the map on this, and has been the netire time I have been playing at certification. But in general, I believe the idea is that CCxA is beginner, CCxP is intermediate, and CCIE is high level. as with all things certification related, YMMV. I've known CCNA's who manage large networks, and I've known CCIE's whose knowledge of certain specific areas was less than expert. As can be expected, depending on experience, job, place of employment, years in the field, etc. Chuck > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information > which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named > recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected > the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If > you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, > disclose, distribute, copy, print > or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. > > > -Original Message- > From: Priscilla Oppenheimer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 12:33 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > Reimer, Fred wrote: > > > > No offense, but this is CCNA material. > > Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Oh, and while I'm on the subject - why EIGRP? This is a proprietary Cisco Protocol. OK, I believe that Juniper may have implemented it, but to the best of my knowledge no one else has. Best regards, Dom Stocqueler SysDom Technologies Visit our website - www.sysdom.org -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Reimer, Fred Sent: 09 September 2003 22:03 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] I guess my expectation and Cisco's, or at least their current expectations as listed on their web site, don't match then. By my definition a beginner should know about CIDR, EIGRP, and OSPF. It's not like they are inherently difficult to understand. People tend to make it sound like rocket science or voodoo magic. It's just a routing protocol folks. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: "Chuck Whose Road is Ever Shorter" [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:56 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] ""Reimer, Fred"" wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) In my > view, a > NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small to > medium sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A NP, IMO, > would be for > advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for configuring a > mid-large sized network for connection to the Internet including > minimal BGP. IE, IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal with > extensive IS-IS, BGP using > all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks. > > May be I'm just expecting too much, but if you don't understand CIDR > you shouldn't be allowed anywhere near a router, let alone be > responsible for configuring them. with all due respect, I disagree. CCNA is promoted by Cisco as being someone capable of designing and configuring a small network. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/le3/le2/le0/le9/learning_certificati on_t ype_home.html "The CCNA certification (Cisco Certified Network Associate) indicates a foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking. CCNA certified professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and dial access services for small networks (100 nodes or fewer), including but not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists." my experience has been that small nets have less if any need for CIDR knowledge or expertise. Cisco has over the past couple of years been slowly upping the ante, and I wish Cisco would get clear as to what skill sets are appropriate at what certification level. Cisco tends to be all over the map on this, and has been the netire time I have been playing at certification. But in general, I believe the idea is that CCxA is beginner, CCxP is intermediate, and CCIE is high level. as with all things certification related, YMMV. I've known CCNA's who manage large networks, and I've known CCIE's whose knowledge of certain specific areas was less than expert. As can be expected, depending on experience, job, place of employment, years in the field, etc. Chuck > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information > which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named > recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected > the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If > you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, > disclose, distribute, copy, print > or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. > > > -Original Message- > From: Priscilla Oppenheimer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 12:33 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > Reimer, Fred wrote: > > > > No offense, but this is CCNA material. > > Do they still tea
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
I guess my expectation and Cisco's, or at least their current expectations as listed on their web site, don't match then. By my definition a beginner should know about CIDR, EIGRP, and OSPF. It's not like they are inherently difficult to understand. People tend to make it sound like rocket science or voodoo magic. It's just a routing protocol folks. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: "Chuck Whose Road is Ever Shorter" [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 3:56 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] ""Reimer, Fred"" wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) In my view, a > NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small to medium > sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A NP, IMO, would be for > advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for configuring a mid-large > sized network for connection to the Internet including minimal BGP. IE, > IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal with extensive IS-IS, BGP using > all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks. > > May be I'm just expecting too much, but if you don't understand CIDR you > shouldn't be allowed anywhere near a router, let alone be responsible for > configuring them. with all due respect, I disagree. CCNA is promoted by Cisco as being someone capable of designing and configuring a small network. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/le3/le2/le0/le9/learning_certification_t ype_home.html "The CCNA certification (Cisco Certified Network Associate) indicates a foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking. CCNA certified professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and dial access services for small networks (100 nodes or fewer), including but not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists." my experience has been that small nets have less if any need for CIDR knowledge or expertise. Cisco has over the past couple of years been slowly upping the ante, and I wish Cisco would get clear as to what skill sets are appropriate at what certification level. Cisco tends to be all over the map on this, and has been the netire time I have been playing at certification. But in general, I believe the idea is that CCxA is beginner, CCxP is intermediate, and CCIE is high level. as with all things certification related, YMMV. I've known CCNA's who manage large networks, and I've known CCIE's whose knowledge of certain specific areas was less than expert. As can be expected, depending on experience, job, place of employment, years in the field, etc. Chuck > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which > may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). > If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please > notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named > recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print > or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. > > > -Original Message- > From: Priscilla Oppenheimer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 12:33 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > Reimer, Fred wrote: > > > > No offense, but this is CCNA material. > > Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing that's > hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a classful > system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary isn't > something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new Networking > Academy books teach it from the start now.) > > Priscilla > > > If you are going for > > your CCNP, then > > you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But > > anyway... &
Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
We are now teaching VLSM/CIDR in the CCNA curriculum. Prof. Tom Lisa, CCAI Community College of Southern Nevada Cisco ATC/Regional Networking Academy "Cunctando restituit rem" Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: Reimer, Fred wrote: > > No offense, but this is CCNA material. Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing that's hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a classful system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary isn't something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new Networking Academy books teach it from the start now.) Priscilla > If you are going for > your CCNP, then > you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But > anyway... > > If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would > have a /23 > mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign > it to that: > > 192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) > > Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within > a /24 subnet, > so assign the next available to that: > > 192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) > > Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original > 192.168.24.0/23 > (which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two > 50's, so that > should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: > > 192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) > 192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) > > Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, > which would > fit within /30 subnets. So assign: > > 192.168.27.192/30 > 192.168.27.196/30 > 192.168.27.200/30 > > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA > 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary > information which > may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named > recipient(s). > If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the > email, please > notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not > the named > recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, > copy, print > or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from > your computer. > > > -Original Message- > From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 8:02 AM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering > CIDR. The > book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and > are used. > > > This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs > > I have network number > > 192.168.24.0 / 22 > > from this I need > networks with > > 400 hosts > 200 hosts > 50 hosts > 50 hosts > 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) > 2 hosts > 2 hosts > > Also no NATing > > Thanks all I really could use the help > > Steve > **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy > Store: > http://shop.groupstudy.com > FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: > http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75118&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
""Reimer, Fred"" wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) In my view, a > NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small to medium > sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A NP, IMO, would be for > advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for configuring a mid-large > sized network for connection to the Internet including minimal BGP. IE, > IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal with extensive IS-IS, BGP using > all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks. > > May be I'm just expecting too much, but if you don't understand CIDR you > shouldn't be allowed anywhere near a router, let alone be responsible for > configuring them. with all due respect, I disagree. CCNA is promoted by Cisco as being someone capable of designing and configuring a small network. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/le3/le2/le0/le9/learning_certification_type_home.html "The CCNA certification (Cisco Certified Network Associate) indicates a foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking. CCNA certified professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and dial access services for small networks (100 nodes or fewer), including but not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists." my experience has been that small nets have less if any need for CIDR knowledge or expertise. Cisco has over the past couple of years been slowly upping the ante, and I wish Cisco would get clear as to what skill sets are appropriate at what certification level. Cisco tends to be all over the map on this, and has been the netire time I have been playing at certification. But in general, I believe the idea is that CCxA is beginner, CCxP is intermediate, and CCIE is high level. as with all things certification related, YMMV. I've known CCNA's who manage large networks, and I've known CCIE's whose knowledge of certain specific areas was less than expert. As can be expected, depending on experience, job, place of employment, years in the field, etc. Chuck > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which > may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). > If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please > notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named > recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print > or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. > > > -Original Message----- > From: Priscilla Oppenheimer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 12:33 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > Reimer, Fred wrote: > > > > No offense, but this is CCNA material. > > Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing that's > hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a classful > system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary isn't > something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new Networking > Academy books teach it from the start now.) > > Priscilla > > > If you are going for > > your CCNP, then > > you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But > > anyway... > > > > If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would > > have a /23 > > mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign > > it to that: > > > > 192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) > > > > Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within > > a /24 subnet, > > so assign the next available to that: > > > > 192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) > > > > Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original > > 192.168.24.0/23 > > (which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two > > 50's, so that > > should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: > > > > 192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) > > 192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) > > > > Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, > > which would > > fit within /30 subnets. So assign: > > > > 192.168.27.192/30 > > 192.168.27.196/30 > > 192.168.27.200/30 > > > > > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > > > > Eclipsy
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work What I figured out [7:75101]
>From what you say, I think you have it, but I'm not sure. Starting from the
bottom of a /24 subnet (Class C), you could have a /26 subnet, then two /27
subnets, then four /28 subnets, and finally another /26 subnet. Or you
could have two /28 subnets, one /27 subnet, one /26 subnet, followed by a
/25 subnet. The combination, and order, does not really matter, as long as
no IP addresses within the subnets overlap.
For instance, you couldn't have a /26 (64 addresses) followed by a /25 (128
addresses), followed by a /26 (64 addresses). Why? Because there can't be
any overlaps. The 64 would start at .0 and go to .63. The 128 would
start... Where? It can't start at .64, because that's in the middle of say
192.168.24.0/25 (which is 192.168.24.0-192.168.24.127). It would need to
start at .0 or .128. If it started at .128 then it would extend to .255, in
which case there wouldn't be room for the last /26 subnet. So, you re-order
them and use either a /26, /26, and /25, or /25, /26, and /26.
Remember, the whole classful/classless thing is routing protocol specific.
It has nothing to do with how hosts view IP addresses, or make "routing"
decisions (meaning whether to send it to a router or if the address is
local). The source code for a TCP/IP stack may look something like this:
# Assuming addresses/masks are 32-bit numbers, not dotted decimal
# string representations of addresses/masks.
# $ip_src is the IP address of the outgoing interface on the host
# $ip_dst is the IP address of the destination
# $ip_mask is the subnet mask on the outgoing interface
# $ip_gateway is the IP address of the default gateway
# check to see if destination address is in same subnet as our interface
if (($ip_src & $ip_mask) == ($ip_dst & $ip_mask)) {
# send directly to destination, possibly arping out first
} else {
# send to default gateway, $ip_gateway,
# possibly arping out first
}
There would obviously be more logic in there as you may have more than one
route and not a single default gateway, but the important point is that it
does not matter about the "classfulness" or "classlessness" of the subnet
mask. The host doesn't give a hoot. As long as the source and the
destination both agree whether they are in the same subnet or not everything
works fine. If they don't, you may need some ancient hack like proxy ARP,
but I don't know anyone in their right mind that would recommend
purposefully MIS-configuring a network so that it is required.
Fred Reimer - CCNA
Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338
Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050
NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which
may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s).
If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please
notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named
recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print
or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer.
-Original Message-
From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 1:21 PM
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work What I figured out
[7:75087]
I was stuck on the idea that you could ONLY re subnet a remaining piece
of a subnetwork. And not apply a mask to the whole span of the total
available network. You can (unless I'm incorrect here) you just have to
watch out for address over lap neer your subnetwork boundries.
I think I got it.
Man I love this news group!
Steve
Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote:
> Reimer, Fred wrote:
>
>>No offense, but this is CCNA material.
>
>
> Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing
that's
> hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a
classful
> system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary isn't
> something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new Networking
> Academy books teach it from the start now.)
>
> Priscilla
>
>
>>If you are going for
>>your CCNP, then
>>you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But
>>anyway...
>>
>>If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would
>>have a /23
>>mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign
>>it to that:
>>
>>192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255)
>>
>>Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within
>>a /24 subnet,
>>so assign the next available to that:
>>
>>192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255)
>>
>>Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original
>>192.168.24.0/23
>>(whic
Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work What I figured out [7:75094]
The key is that you must completely unlearn classful thinking. Forget that you ever learned it. Completely ignore any prior classful subnet boundaries that you were forced to memorize. It's all just one big IP address space that you choose to carve up any way you like. As long as you do it correctly and don't have any overlap the subnetting scheme is up to you. Another helpful tip: don't ever use classful terminology any more! Don't say "Class A" to refer to an 8-bit prefix or subnet mask; don't say "Class C" to refer to a 24-bit mask, or /24. That will help move your brain away from that type of thinking. Think of your address space as a big pie, and each time you cut a segment in half you're adding one more bit to the subnet mask. Here's an example: You start with 10.20.30.0/24 (255.255.255.0) and we'll think of that as a whole pie. You don't need that many addresses in your subnet so you decide to break it up into smaller pieces. What do you do? Cut your pie in half (draw this out, it helps!). Your pie now has two halves and these represent two subnets with /25 masks with no overlap. Let's say you want to further subnet one of those subnets. Cut it in half again! You now have a /25 and two /26s with no overlap. If you further cut one of those /26 subnets into two pieces you have two /27s. See how easy that is? Draw this out on paper and write down your subnet information as you go, like this: 10.20.30.0/24 (10.20.30.0-255) becomes 10.20.30.0/25 (10.20.30.0-127) and 10.20.30.128/25 (10.20.30.128-255) 10.20.30.128/25 further subnetted becomes 10.20.30.128/26 (10.20.30.128-191) and 10.20.30.192/26 (10.20.30.192-255) And so on... practice it this way for a while and after a short time it will be second nature for you to subnet existing networks without accidentally overlapping them. HTH, John >>> Steven Aiello 9/9/03 12:03:06 PM >>> I was stuck on the idea that you could ONLY re subnet a remaining piece of a subnetwork. And not apply a mask to the whole span of the total available network. You can (unless I'm incorrect here) you just have to watch out for address over lap neer your subnetwork boundries. I think I got it. Man I love this news group! Steve Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: > Reimer, Fred wrote: > >>No offense, but this is CCNA material. > > > Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing that's > hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a classful > system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary isn't > something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new Networking > Academy books teach it from the start now.) > > Priscilla > > >>If you are going for >>your CCNP, then >>you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But >>anyway... >> >>If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would >>have a /23 >>mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign >>it to that: >> >>192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) >> >>Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within >>a /24 subnet, >>so assign the next available to that: >> >>192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) >> >>Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original >>192.168.24.0/23 >>(which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two >>50's, so that >>should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: >> >>192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) >>192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) >> >>Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, >>which would >>fit within /30 subnets. So assign: >> >>192.168.27.192/30 >>192.168.27.196/30 >>192.168.27.200/30 >> >> >>Fred Reimer - CCNA >> >> >>Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA >>30338 >>Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 >> >> >>NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary >>information which >>may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named >>recipient(s). >>If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the >>email, please >>notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not >>the named >>recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, >>copy, print >>or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from >>your computer. >> >> >>-Original Message- >>From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] >>Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 8:02 AM >>To: [EMAIL
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
May be I had advanced access to the new NA material then ;-) In my view, a NA should be able to handle basic RIP, OSPF, EIGRP in a small to medium sized network. That would certainly include CIDR. A NP, IMO, would be for advanced RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and basic BGP, like for configuring a mid-large sized network for connection to the Internet including minimal BGP. IE, IMO, is for ISP engineers that have to deal with extensive IS-IS, BGP using all options, etc, and large to huge (global) networks. May be I'm just expecting too much, but if you don't understand CIDR you shouldn't be allowed anywhere near a router, let alone be responsible for configuring them. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Priscilla Oppenheimer [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 12:33 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] Reimer, Fred wrote: > > No offense, but this is CCNA material. Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing that's hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a classful system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary isn't something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new Networking Academy books teach it from the start now.) Priscilla > If you are going for > your CCNP, then > you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But > anyway... > > If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would > have a /23 > mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign > it to that: > > 192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) > > Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within > a /24 subnet, > so assign the next available to that: > > 192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) > > Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original > 192.168.24.0/23 > (which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two > 50's, so that > should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: > > 192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) > 192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) > > Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, > which would > fit within /30 subnets. So assign: > > 192.168.27.192/30 > 192.168.27.196/30 > 192.168.27.200/30 > > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA > 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary > information which > may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named > recipient(s). > If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the > email, please > notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not > the named > recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, > copy, print > or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from > your computer. > > > -Original Message- > From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 8:02 AM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering > CIDR. The > book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and > are used. > > > This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs > > I have network number > > 192.168.24.0 / 22 > > from this I need > networks with > > 400 hosts > 200 hosts > 50 hosts > 50 hosts > 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) > 2 hosts > 2 hosts > > Also no NATing > > Thanks all I really could use the help > > Steve > **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy > Store: > http://shop.groupstudy.com > FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: > http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75092&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work What I figured out [7:75087]
I was stuck on the idea that you could ONLY re subnet a remaining piece of a subnetwork. And not apply a mask to the whole span of the total available network. You can (unless I'm incorrect here) you just have to watch out for address over lap neer your subnetwork boundries. I think I got it. Man I love this news group! Steve Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: > Reimer, Fred wrote: > >>No offense, but this is CCNA material. > > > Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing that's > hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a classful > system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary isn't > something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new Networking > Academy books teach it from the start now.) > > Priscilla > > >>If you are going for >>your CCNP, then >>you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But >>anyway... >> >>If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would >>have a /23 >>mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign >>it to that: >> >>192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) >> >>Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within >>a /24 subnet, >>so assign the next available to that: >> >>192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) >> >>Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original >>192.168.24.0/23 >>(which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two >>50's, so that >>should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: >> >>192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) >>192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) >> >>Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, >>which would >>fit within /30 subnets. So assign: >> >>192.168.27.192/30 >>192.168.27.196/30 >>192.168.27.200/30 >> >> >>Fred Reimer - CCNA >> >> >>Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA >>30338 >>Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 >> >> >>NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary >>information which >>may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named >>recipient(s). >>If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the >>email, please >>notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not >>the named >>recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, >>copy, print >>or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from >>your computer. >> >> >>-Original Message- >>From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] >>Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 8:02 AM >>To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] >>Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] >> >>I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering >>CIDR. The >>book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and >>are used. >> >> >>This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs >> >>I have network number >> >>192.168.24.0 / 22 >> >>from this I need >>networks with >> >>400 hosts >>200 hosts >>50 hosts >>50 hosts >>2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) >>2 hosts >>2 hosts >> >>Also no NATing >> >>Thanks all I really could use the help >> >>Steve >>**Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy >>Store: >>http://shop.groupstudy.com >>FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: >>http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html > **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: > http://shop.groupstudy.com > FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75087&t=75087 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work What I figured out [7:75086]
Priscilla Oppenheimer wrote: > Reimer, Fred wrote: > >>No offense, but this is CCNA material. > > > Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing that's > hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a classful > system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary isn't > something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new Networking > Academy books teach it from the start now.) > > Priscilla > > >>If you are going for >>your CCNP, then >>you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But >>anyway... >> >>If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would >>have a /23 >>mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign >>it to that: >> >>192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) >> >>Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within >>a /24 subnet, >>so assign the next available to that: >> >>192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) >> >>Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original >>192.168.24.0/23 >>(which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two >>50's, so that >>should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: >> >>192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) >>192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) >> >>Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, >>which would >>fit within /30 subnets. So assign: >> >>192.168.27.192/30 >>192.168.27.196/30 >>192.168.27.200/30 >> >> >>Fred Reimer - CCNA >> >> >>Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA >>30338 >>Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 >> >> >>NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary >>information which >>may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named >>recipient(s). >>If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the >>email, please >>notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not >>the named >>recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, >>copy, print >>or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from >>your computer. >> >> >>-Original Message- >>From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] >>Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 8:02 AM >>To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] >>Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] >> >>I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering >>CIDR. The >>book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and >>are used. >> >> >>This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs >> >>I have network number >> >>192.168.24.0 / 22 >> >>from this I need >>networks with >> >>400 hosts >>200 hosts >>50 hosts >>50 hosts >>2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) >>2 hosts >>2 hosts >> >>Also no NATing >> >>Thanks all I really could use the help >> >>Steve >>**Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy >>Store: >>http://shop.groupstudy.com >>FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: >>http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html > **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: > http://shop.groupstudy.com > FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75086&t=75086 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Reimer, Fred wrote: > > No offense, but this is CCNA material. Do they still teach classful for CCNA, though? Perhaps the only thing that's hard for him is that 192.168.24.0 has a mask of 255.255.255.0 in a classful system. Moving the prefix over to the left of that classful boundary isn't something they teach for CCNA yet. (They will soon. The new Networking Academy books teach it from the start now.) Priscilla > If you are going for > your CCNP, then > you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But > anyway... > > If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would > have a /23 > mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign > it to that: > > 192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) > > Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within > a /24 subnet, > so assign the next available to that: > > 192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) > > Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original > 192.168.24.0/23 > (which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two > 50's, so that > should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: > > 192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) > 192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) > > Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, > which would > fit within /30 subnets. So assign: > > 192.168.27.192/30 > 192.168.27.196/30 > 192.168.27.200/30 > > > Fred Reimer - CCNA > > > Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA > 30338 > Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 > > > NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary > information which > may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named > recipient(s). > If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the > email, please > notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not > the named > recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, > copy, print > or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from > your computer. > > > -Original Message- > From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 8:02 AM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering > CIDR. The > book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and > are used. > > > This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs > > I have network number > > 192.168.24.0 / 22 > > from this I need > networks with > > 400 hosts > 200 hosts > 50 hosts > 50 hosts > 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) > 2 hosts > 2 hosts > > Also no NATing > > Thanks all I really could use the help > > Steve > **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy > Store: > http://shop.groupstudy.com > FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: > http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html > > Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75080&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Woops, one of the ranges is wrong. Should be 192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.127) and not: 192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) like I said. Given that you could move all of the latter subnets up, or leave open 192.168.27.128 for another /26 subnet. Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Reimer, Fred [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 10:26 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] No offense, but this is CCNA material. If you are going for your CCNP, then you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But anyway... If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would have a /23 mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign it to that: 192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within a /24 subnet, so assign the next available to that: 192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original 192.168.24.0/23 (which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two 50's, so that should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: 192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) 192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, which would fit within /30 subnets. So assign: 192.168.27.192/30 192.168.27.196/30 192.168.27.200/30 Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 8:02 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering CIDR. The book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and are used. This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs I have network number 192.168.24.0 / 22 from this I need networks with 400 hosts 200 hosts 50 hosts 50 hosts 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) 2 hosts 2 hosts Also no NATing Thanks all I really could use the help Steve **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75077&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Here's a great resource: pad http://www.nanog.org/isp.html#cidr scroll down to CIDR and download "Understanding IP Addressing: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know" by Chuck Semeria Looking at your specific problem - think in powers of two. 400 nodes is greater than 256 but less than 512. Use /23 out of your allocation. 200 is less than 256 so use a /24. 50 is greater than 32 and less than 64 so use a /26 for each. The serial links each need a /30. Probably best to take the last /28 from the allocation and break it down into four /30s. > -Original Message- > From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 7:02 AM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] > > > I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering > CIDR. The > book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down > and are used. > > > This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs > > I have network number > > 192.168.24.0 / 22 > > from this I need > networks with > > 400 hosts > 200 hosts > 50 hosts > 50 hosts > 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) > 2 hosts > 2 hosts > > Also no NATing > > Thanks all I really could use the help > > Steve Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75070&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
No offense, but this is CCNA material. If you are going for your CCNP, then you should already have your CCNA and know the answer. But anyway... If you need a network with 400 hosts, the smallest subnet would have a /23 mask. So take the first part of your given network and assign it to that: 192.168.24.0/23 (192.168.24.0-192.168.25.255) Then you need one with 200 hosts. Well, that could fit within a /24 subnet, so assign the next available to that: 192.168.26.0/24 (192.168.26.0-192.168.26.255) Now you only have 192.168.27.0/24 left from the original 192.168.24.0/23 (which covered 192.168.24.0-192.168.27.255). You need two 50's, so that should fit within /26 subnets each. Assign them: 192.168.27.0/26 (192.168.27.0-192.168.27.63) 192.168.27.64/26 (192.168.27.64-192.168.27.191) Finally, you need three subnets that can have two hosts each, which would fit within /30 subnets. So assign: 192.168.27.192/30 192.168.27.196/30 192.168.27.200/30 Fred Reimer - CCNA Eclipsys Corporation, 200 Ashford Center North, Atlanta, GA 30338 Phone: 404-847-5177 Cell: 770-490-3071 Pager: 888-260-2050 NOTICE; This email contains confidential or proprietary information which may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the named recipient(s). If an addressing or transmission error has misdirected the email, please notify the author by replying to this message. If you are not the named recipient, you are not authorized to use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email, and should immediately delete it from your computer. -Original Message- From: Steven Aiello [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, September 09, 2003 8:02 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering CIDR. The book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and are used. This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs I have network number 192.168.24.0 / 22 from this I need networks with 400 hosts 200 hosts 50 hosts 50 hosts 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) 2 hosts 2 hosts Also no NATing Thanks all I really could use the help Steve **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75066&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
I get the same results as Marko, but this may lay it out so you (and others) can see the development: IP address = 32 bits Network portion = 22 bits Host portion = 10 bits Total addresses for host portion = 2^10 = 1024 Start with 192.168.24.0/22 Focus on the 3rd octet (network_host): 000110_00 400 hosts requires 9 bits (2^8 = 256, 2^9 = 512) and you will have some left in this block divide the /22 into two blocks of 512 addresses each: 0001100_0 (.24/23) and 000_0 (.26/23) use .24/23 for the 400-host network 200 hosts requires 8 bits (2^7 = 128, 2^8 = 256) and there will be some left in this block, too divide the .26/25 into 2 blocks of 256 addresses each: 0000 (.26/24) and 0001 (.27/24) use .26/24 for the 200-host network 50 hosts requires 6 bits (2^5 = 32, 2^6 = 64) and you will again have some leftovers divide the .27/24 into 4 blocks of 64 addresses each now looking at the 4th octet: 00_00 (.0/26), 01_00 (.64/26), 10_00 (.128/26), and 11_00 (.192/26) use the first two for the 50-host networks and the rest is easy My personal rule is to always start with the biggest blocks and work down from there. HTH Annlee Steven Aiello wrote: > I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering CIDR. The > book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and are used. > > > This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs > > I have network number > > 192.168.24.0 / 22 > > from this I need > networks with > > 400 hosts > 200 hosts > 50 hosts > 50 hosts > 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) > 2 hosts > 2 hosts > > Also no NATing > > Thanks all I really could use the help > > Steve > **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: > http://shop.groupstudy.com > FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75069&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
RE: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
Let me give you a bit of a clue - For the 400 hosts you will need a /23 200 hosts you will need a /24 50 hosts you will need a /26 50 hosts you will need another /26 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed )and for these you will need /30s (/32s are possible but probably not what your class requires. If you need more help, please let me know, but try and work it out for yourself first. Best regards, Dom Stocqueler SysDom Technologies Visit our website - www.sysdom.org -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Steven Aiello Sent: 09 September 2003 13:02 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050] I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering CIDR. The book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and are used. This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs I have network number 192.168.24.0 / 22 from this I need networks with 400 hosts 200 hosts 50 hosts 50 hosts 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) 2 hosts 2 hosts Also no NATing Thanks all I really could use the help Steve **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75064&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
Re: Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
> I have network number > > 192.168.24.0 / 22 > > from this I need > networks with > > 400 hosts > 200 hosts > 50 hosts > 50 hosts > 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) > 2 hosts > 2 hosts 192.168.24.0/23 - 512 (400 hosts fit nicely) 192.168.26.0/24 - 256 (200 hosts fit nicely) 192.168.27.0/26 - 64 (50 hosts -"-) 192.168.27.64/26 - 64 (50 hosts -"-) 192.168.27.128/30 - 4 (I'm assuming /31 is not allowed, also) **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
Please Help - CIDR - How the bits work [7:75050]
I just started my routing class for my CCNP. We are covering CIDR. The book is VEERY vague on how the bit patterns break down and are used. This was a problem posed in one of my CCNP labs I have network number 192.168.24.0 / 22 from this I need networks with 400 hosts 200 hosts 50 hosts 50 hosts 2 hosts (for serial int - no ip un-numbered allowed ) 2 hosts 2 hosts Also no NATing Thanks all I really could use the help Steve Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=75050&t=75050 -- **Please support GroupStudy by purchasing from the GroupStudy Store: http://shop.groupstudy.com FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html
Re: redistribute bgp to rip (please help!!!) [7:70970]
Thanks Zsombor, I think the problem was bgp reditribute-internal did not work properly for me. Then i used network command to include those routes i want to redistribute, then it worked for me. So i jumped into an assumption that only igp originated route is redistributed. anyway, after fiddling around, redistribute internal works for me and there is no more problem. Thanks for your help Paul Zsombor Papp wrote: > At 11:32 AM 6/20/2003 +, paul dong so wrote: > >>More information to this. >> >>r4 - eigrp - r10 - bgp- >> >>now i have tried replace eigrp with rip v2, the same problem. I want to >>redistribute bgp to egrip on r10. those routes learned via redistribute >>connected on bgp, marked with origin code ? , can not be redistribute to >>eigrp, >> > > Specifically which ones? It appears to me that 4 routes get redistributed > into EIGRP and all of them had incomplete origin. Here is a mix of your own > 'show ip bgp' and 'show ip eigrp topo' outputs: > > *> 192.168.3.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? > P 192.168.3.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 45970176, tag is 50 >via Redistributed (45970176/0) > > *> 192.168.5.0 200.200.200.5 0 2 ? > P 192.168.5.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 45970176, tag is 50 >via Redistributed (45970176/0) > > *> 192.168.38.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? > P 192.168.38.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 45970176, tag is 50 >via Redistributed (45970176/0) > > *> 192.168.55.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? > P 192.168.55.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 45970176, tag is 50 >via Redistributed (45970176/0) > > I assume you are aware that redistributing BGP into EIGRP is not a > particularly good idea, so I take this is some kind of exercise. If so, > perhaps you could try to simplify the scenario a bit, like have only 1 BGP > peer on R10, don't redistribute connected routes into EIGRP, etc, and see > if you have only 2 BGP routes, one incomplete and one IGP origin, then > those make it into EIGRP (I don't see any reason why they wouldn't). When > you are there, then you can start adding back the complexity to see what > caused the breakage. > > Thanks, > > Zsombor > > >> only those routes marked with origin code i are passed to eigrp, >>why? I don't see any reason incomplete routes can not be redistribute to >>other protocols. >> >>configuration is like this: >> >>R10: >>router eigrp 1 >> redistribute connected >> redistribute bgp 1 route-map bgp2eigrp >> network 200.200.200.8 0.0.0.3 >> default-metric 56 1000 255 1 1500 >> no auto-summary >> no eigrp log-neighbor-changes >>! >>router bgp 1 >> no synchronization >> bgp redistribute-internal >> bgp router-id 192.168.10.10 >> bgp log-neighbor-changes >> redistribute connected route-map connect2bgp >> neighbor 192.168.0.2 remote-as 1 >> neighbor 192.168.0.2 route-reflector-client >> neighbor 192.168.0.2 send-community >> neighbor 192.168.16.2 remote-as 1 >> neighbor 192.168.16.2 route-reflector-client >> neighbor 200.200.200.5 remote-as 2 >> neighbor 200.200.200.5 password test >> neighbor 200.200.200.5 remove-private-AS >> no auto-summary >> >>route-map bgp2eigrp, permit, sequence 10 >> Match clauses: >> Set clauses: >> tag 50 >> Policy routing matches: 0 packets, 0 bytes >> >>r10#sh ip bgp >>BGP table version is 38, local router ID is 192.168.10.10 >>Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - >>internal >>Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete >> >>Network Next HopMetric LocPrf Weight Path >>*> 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? >>* i 192.168.0.2 0100 0 i >>*>i192.168.1.0 200.200.200.11100 0 ? >>*> 192.168.3.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? >>*> 192.168.5.0 200.200.200.5 0 2 ? >>*>i192.168.6.0 192.168.16.2 0100 0 i >>*>i192.168.7.0 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? >>*> 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? >>*>i192.168.11.0 200.200.200.11100 0 ? >>*> 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? >>* i 192.168.16.2 0100 0 i >>*>i192.168.22.0 200.200.200.11100 0 ? >>*>i192.168.33.0 200.200.200.11100 0 ? >>*> 192.168.38.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? >>*> 192.168.55.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? >>*>i192.168.70.0 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? >>*>i200.200.27.0 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? >>*>i200.200.27.2/32 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? >>Network Next HopMetric LocPrf Weight Path >>*>i200.200.200.0192.168.16.2 0100 0 ? >>*> 200.200.200.4/30 0.0.0.0
Re: redistribute bgp to rip (please help!!!) [7:70970]
At 11:32 AM 6/20/2003 +, paul dong so wrote: >More information to this. > >r4 - eigrp - r10 - bgp- > >now i have tried replace eigrp with rip v2, the same problem. I want to >redistribute bgp to egrip on r10. those routes learned via redistribute >connected on bgp, marked with origin code ? , can not be redistribute to >eigrp, Specifically which ones? It appears to me that 4 routes get redistributed into EIGRP and all of them had incomplete origin. Here is a mix of your own 'show ip bgp' and 'show ip eigrp topo' outputs: *> 192.168.3.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? P 192.168.3.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 45970176, tag is 50 via Redistributed (45970176/0) *> 192.168.5.0 200.200.200.5 0 2 ? P 192.168.5.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 45970176, tag is 50 via Redistributed (45970176/0) *> 192.168.38.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? P 192.168.38.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 45970176, tag is 50 via Redistributed (45970176/0) *> 192.168.55.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? P 192.168.55.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 45970176, tag is 50 via Redistributed (45970176/0) I assume you are aware that redistributing BGP into EIGRP is not a particularly good idea, so I take this is some kind of exercise. If so, perhaps you could try to simplify the scenario a bit, like have only 1 BGP peer on R10, don't redistribute connected routes into EIGRP, etc, and see if you have only 2 BGP routes, one incomplete and one IGP origin, then those make it into EIGRP (I don't see any reason why they wouldn't). When you are there, then you can start adding back the complexity to see what caused the breakage. Thanks, Zsombor > only those routes marked with origin code i are passed to eigrp, >why? I don't see any reason incomplete routes can not be redistribute to >other protocols. > >configuration is like this: > >R10: >router eigrp 1 > redistribute connected > redistribute bgp 1 route-map bgp2eigrp > network 200.200.200.8 0.0.0.3 > default-metric 56 1000 255 1 1500 > no auto-summary > no eigrp log-neighbor-changes >! >router bgp 1 > no synchronization > bgp redistribute-internal > bgp router-id 192.168.10.10 > bgp log-neighbor-changes > redistribute connected route-map connect2bgp > neighbor 192.168.0.2 remote-as 1 > neighbor 192.168.0.2 route-reflector-client > neighbor 192.168.0.2 send-community > neighbor 192.168.16.2 remote-as 1 > neighbor 192.168.16.2 route-reflector-client > neighbor 200.200.200.5 remote-as 2 > neighbor 200.200.200.5 password test > neighbor 200.200.200.5 remove-private-AS > no auto-summary > >route-map bgp2eigrp, permit, sequence 10 >Match clauses: >Set clauses: > tag 50 >Policy routing matches: 0 packets, 0 bytes > >r10#sh ip bgp >BGP table version is 38, local router ID is 192.168.10.10 >Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - >internal >Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete > > Network Next HopMetric LocPrf Weight Path >*> 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? >* i 192.168.0.2 0100 0 i >*>i192.168.1.0 200.200.200.11100 0 ? >*> 192.168.3.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? >*> 192.168.5.0 200.200.200.5 0 2 ? >*>i192.168.6.0 192.168.16.2 0100 0 i >*>i192.168.7.0 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? >*> 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? >*>i192.168.11.0 200.200.200.11100 0 ? >*> 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? >* i 192.168.16.2 0100 0 i >*>i192.168.22.0 200.200.200.11100 0 ? >*>i192.168.33.0 200.200.200.11100 0 ? >*> 192.168.38.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? >*> 192.168.55.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? >*>i192.168.70.0 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? >*>i200.200.27.0 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? >*>i200.200.27.2/32 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? > Network Next HopMetric LocPrf Weight Path >*>i200.200.200.0192.168.16.2 0100 0 ? >*> 200.200.200.4/30 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? >* 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? >*> 200.200.200.8/30 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? >* 200.200.200.12/30 > 200.200.200.5 0 2 ? >*>i 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? > >r10# sh ip eigrp topology >IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(1)/ID(192.168.10.10) > >Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, > r - reply Status, s - sia Status > >P 192.168.40.0/24, 1 successors, FD
Re: redistribute bgp to rip (please help!!!) [7:70970]
More information to this. r4 - eigrp - r10 - bgp- now i have tried replace eigrp with rip v2, the same problem. I want to redistribute bgp to egrip on r10. those routes learned via redistribute connected on bgp, marked with origin code ? , can not be redistribute to eigrp, only those routes marked with origin code i are passed to eigrp, why? I don't see any reason incomplete routes can not be redistribute to other protocols. configuration is like this: R10: router eigrp 1 redistribute connected redistribute bgp 1 route-map bgp2eigrp network 200.200.200.8 0.0.0.3 default-metric 56 1000 255 1 1500 no auto-summary no eigrp log-neighbor-changes ! router bgp 1 no synchronization bgp redistribute-internal bgp router-id 192.168.10.10 bgp log-neighbor-changes redistribute connected route-map connect2bgp neighbor 192.168.0.2 remote-as 1 neighbor 192.168.0.2 route-reflector-client neighbor 192.168.0.2 send-community neighbor 192.168.16.2 remote-as 1 neighbor 192.168.16.2 route-reflector-client neighbor 200.200.200.5 remote-as 2 neighbor 200.200.200.5 password test neighbor 200.200.200.5 remove-private-AS no auto-summary route-map bgp2eigrp, permit, sequence 10 Match clauses: Set clauses: tag 50 Policy routing matches: 0 packets, 0 bytes r10#sh ip bgp BGP table version is 38, local router ID is 192.168.10.10 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next HopMetric LocPrf Weight Path *> 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? * i 192.168.0.2 0100 0 i *>i192.168.1.0 200.200.200.11100 0 ? *> 192.168.3.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? *> 192.168.5.0 200.200.200.5 0 2 ? *>i192.168.6.0 192.168.16.2 0100 0 i *>i192.168.7.0 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? *> 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? *>i192.168.11.0 200.200.200.11100 0 ? *> 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? * i 192.168.16.2 0100 0 i *>i192.168.22.0 200.200.200.11100 0 ? *>i192.168.33.0 200.200.200.11100 0 ? *> 192.168.38.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? *> 192.168.55.0 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? *>i192.168.70.0 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? *>i200.200.27.0 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? *>i200.200.27.2/32 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? Network Next HopMetric LocPrf Weight Path *>i200.200.200.0192.168.16.2 0100 0 ? *> 200.200.200.4/30 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? * 200.200.200.50 0 2 ? *> 200.200.200.8/30 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ? * 200.200.200.12/30 200.200.200.5 0 2 ? *>i 192.168.0.2 0100 0 ? r10# sh ip eigrp topology IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(1)/ID(192.168.10.10) Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, r - reply Status, s - sia Status P 192.168.40.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2297856 via 200.200.200.9 (2297856/128256), Serial0.105 P 192.168.38.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 45970176, tag is 50 via Redistributed (45970176/0) P 192.168.55.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 45970176, tag is 50 via Redistributed (45970176/0) P 192.168.10.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 128256 via Rconnected (128256/0) P 192.168.0.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Rconnected (2169856/0) P 192.168.3.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 45970176, tag is 50 via Redistributed (45970176/0) P 192.168.4.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2297856 via 200.200.200.9 (2297856/128256), Serial0.105 P 192.168.5.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 45970176, tag is 50 via Redistributed (45970176/0) P 192.168.16.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Rconnected (2169856/0) Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, r - reply Status, s - sia Status P 200.200.200.8/30, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Connected, Serial0.105 P 200.200.200.4/30, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Rconnected (2169856/0) R4: router eigrp 1 network 192.168.4.0 network 192.168.40.0 network 200.200.200.8 0.0.0.3 no auto-summary no eigrp log-neighbor-changes ! r4#sh ip eigrp topology IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(1)/ID(192.168.40.1) Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, r - reply Status, s - sia Status P 192.168.40.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 128256 via Connected, Loopback1 P 192.168.38.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 46482176, tag is 2
RE: Please help!!!! [7:70369]
Not much! You can run 12.x code on the 4000s, but the semi-modern stuff like Fast Ethernet and ATM modules started with the 4500 series. Concerning the 4000, the maximum I have seen from the factory of the EPROM chip type FLASH board is 8 Megs and RAM has always been capped at 16 Megs. Around Y2K timeframe, I was contracting for a large government agency (with a lot of 4x00 routers) and we received Cisco SmartNet upgrade kits that provided us the ability to use (2) 8 Meg 2500 series FLASH sticks (new style FLASH board) and also included replacement 10.X boot ROMs. This really did very little for the routers, since the feature rich IOS needed 32 Megs of RAM (which is where the 4000M comes in). The 4000Ms are 16 FLASH and 32 RAM limited. All the best! Phil "The Who's Who of So and So, and best know for Such and Such" -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Lee Sent: Sunday, June 08, 2003 8:10 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Please help [7:70369] Hi, Does anyone knows how can i differentiate a router between Cisco 4000 & Cisco 4000M? Also, for a 4000M, what is the max amount of flash it can handle? (I want to load at least IOS 12.1 on it). - Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 4000 Software (C4000-DS-M), Version 12.0(23), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 01-Jul-02 22:19 by srani Image text-base: 0x00012000, data-base: 0x0083DF10 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 4.14(7), SOFTWARE R6 uptime is 1 minute System restarted by power-on System image file is "flash:c4000-ds-mz.120-23.bin" cisco 4000 (68030) processor (revision 0xB0) with 16384K/4096K bytes of memory. Processor board ID 5039132 G.703/E1 software, Version 1.0. Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. 1 Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 interface(s) 128K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Configuration register is 0x2102 Thanks in advance, Lee Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=70376&t=70369 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Please help!!!! [7:70369]
I think my last post was a bit messed up. try this: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps5199/products_tech_note0918 6a008009486a.shtml watch the wrap. Kevin Wigle - Original Message - From: "Lee" To: Sent: Sunday, June 08, 2003 8:10 PM Subject: Please help [7:70369] > Hi, > > Does anyone knows how can i differentiate a router between Cisco 4000 & > Cisco 4000M? > > Also, for a 4000M, what is the max amount of flash it can handle? (I want to > load at least IOS 12.1 on it). > > - > > Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software > > IOS (tm) 4000 Software (C4000-DS-M), Version 12.0(23), RELEASE SOFTWARE > (fc1) > > Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. > > Compiled Mon 01-Jul-02 22:19 by srani > > Image text-base: 0x00012000, data-base: 0x0083DF10 > > ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 4.14(7), SOFTWARE > > R6 uptime is 1 minute > > System restarted by power-on > > System image file is "flash:c4000-ds-mz.120-23.bin" > > cisco 4000 (68030) processor (revision 0xB0) with 16384K/4096K bytes of > memory. > > Processor board ID 5039132 > > G.703/E1 software, Version 1.0. > > Bridging software. > > X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. > > 1 Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 interface(s) > > 128K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. > > 4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) > > Configuration register is 0x2102 > > > > > > Thanks in advance, > Lee Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=70377&t=70369 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Please help!!!! [7:70369]
I forget where I got this but have a look: Q: How do you distinguish a 4500 from a 4500-M and a 4700 from a 4700-M? Does an -M version show up in show version? A: There are two methods you can use to determine the 4x00 model: 1.Use SNMP and do an snmpget for the following mib attribute: chassis.cardTable.cardTableEntry.cardType 2.Enter the show version command and use the command output and the table below to identify the 4x00 model: Model Revsion Serial Number Label Cisco 4000 Revision A0 440x C4000 Cisco 4000-M Revision B0, C 445x C4000 M+ Cisco 4500 Revision 0x00 450x C4500 Cisco 4500-M Revision B, C, D, E 455x C4500 M+ Cisco 4700 Revision B 470x C4700 Cisco 4700-M Revision C, D, E, F 475x C4700 M+ Kevin Wigle - Original Message - From: "Lee" To: Sent: Sunday, June 08, 2003 8:10 PM Subject: Please help [7:70369] > Hi, > > Does anyone knows how can i differentiate a router between Cisco 4000 & > Cisco 4000M? > > Also, for a 4000M, what is the max amount of flash it can handle? (I want to > load at least IOS 12.1 on it). > > - > > Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software > > IOS (tm) 4000 Software (C4000-DS-M), Version 12.0(23), RELEASE SOFTWARE > (fc1) > > Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. > > Compiled Mon 01-Jul-02 22:19 by srani > > Image text-base: 0x00012000, data-base: 0x0083DF10 > > ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 4.14(7), SOFTWARE > > R6 uptime is 1 minute > > System restarted by power-on > > System image file is "flash:c4000-ds-mz.120-23.bin" > > cisco 4000 (68030) processor (revision 0xB0) with 16384K/4096K bytes of > memory. > > Processor board ID 5039132 > > G.703/E1 software, Version 1.0. > > Bridging software. > > X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. > > 1 Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 interface(s) > > 128K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. > > 4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) > > Configuration register is 0x2102 > > > > > > Thanks in advance, > Lee Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=70374&t=70369 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Please help!!!! [7:70369]
Hi, Does anyone knows how can i differentiate a router between Cisco 4000 & Cisco 4000M? Also, for a 4000M, what is the max amount of flash it can handle? (I want to load at least IOS 12.1 on it). - Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 4000 Software (C4000-DS-M), Version 12.0(23), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 01-Jul-02 22:19 by srani Image text-base: 0x00012000, data-base: 0x0083DF10 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 4.14(7), SOFTWARE R6 uptime is 1 minute System restarted by power-on System image file is "flash:c4000-ds-mz.120-23.bin" cisco 4000 (68030) processor (revision 0xB0) with 16384K/4096K bytes of memory. Processor board ID 5039132 G.703/E1 software, Version 1.0. Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. 1 Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 interface(s) 128K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Configuration register is 0x2102 Thanks in advance, Lee Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=70369&t=70369 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
fax over vofr, please help!!!! [7:66323]
Dear all, I config 2 cisco routers which running vofr, the voice can operate porperly, but the fax can't transmit over the wan link, does anyone experience the issue? please help!!! Thanks & regards, David Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=66323&t=66323 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Router problem, please help!!! [7:65553]
I have a 2501 series router that I wanted to use... When I tried to bring it back on-line, it boots up normally and after the IOS is loaded with all the interface up message, the "press Enter key to proceed" didn't come out... So I tried to change the config-register to 0x2101, the router boots into ROM mode with that very old IOS, but again, the "press Enter to proceed" didn't come out... WHich I suspect that someone may have turned off EXEC mode or something on the startup-config... Is there anything I cuold do which can bypass the startup config? Currently, the router is in BootROM mode as follows: >? $ Toggle cache state B [filename] [TFTP Server IP address | TFTP Server Name] Load and execute system image from ROM or from TFTP server C [address] Continue execution [optional address] D /S M L V Deposit value V of size S into location L with modifier M E /S M L Examine location L with size S with modifier M G [address] Begin execution H Help for commands I Initialize K Stack trace L [filename] [TFTP Server IP address | TFTP Server Name] Load system image from ROM or from TFTP server, but do not begin execution O Show configuration register option settings P Set the break point S Single step next instruction T function Test device (? for help) Deposit and Examine sizes may be B (byte), L (long) or S (short). Modifiers may be R (register) or S (byte swap). Register names are: D0-D7, A0-A6, SS, US, SR, and PC > Best Regards, Lee Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=65553&t=65553 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
but IMPORTANT. please help [7:62449]
Hi everyone, could someone please point me to the admin of this mailing list? thanks a lot, avinash Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=62449&t=62449 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Please help.......In a fix [7:60586]
Hi, Can a router behave as an X25 switch ie can it switch back a n X25 call to the same serial interface from which it received it? I have tested X25 routing where in an X25 call received from one serial interface can be routed to another serial interface of the same router. But I am not able to do so when I want to route an X25 call to the same interface from which it received it. Help me out as this is very urgent. Thanx Pooja __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Mail Plus - Powerful. Affordable. Sign up now. http://mailplus.yahoo.com Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=60586&t=60586 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
DLSW+ Please help!!! [7:59953]
I'm sure this question has been asked a million times, but the archives aren't giving me the answer I'm looking for. I have spent hours on this, yet I still couldn't configured out what went wrong... WorkstationA -- RTA --- Frame-Relay Switch --- RTB -- WorkstationB When I initiate traffic by clicking on Network Neighborhood, I can see the MAC addresses showing up from the "show bridge" command & "show dlsw reachability" & I can also see the DLSW peers' states as "Connect". Yet the circuit keeps on getting to the "CKT_START" state (as shown below), then the circuit will disappear, and I just can't see the other computer via Network Neighborhood. RTB#sh dlsw circuits Index local addr(lsap)remote addr(dsap) state uptime 788529156 000a.5d6e.57fa(F0) 000a.209d.a221(F0) - RTB# On the log, I see this suspicous error message:- Dec 30 21:27:22.323 UTC: CSM: Peer lf 516 less than CUR_cs lf 1500 And I have tried to change the MTU on the main Serial interface to 3000, 4000, 150 on RTA, B & Frame Switch, but no luck Anyway, here are some other show outputs... RTA#sh bridge Total of 300 station blocks, 298 free Codes: P - permanent, S - self Bridge Group 1: Address Action Interface Age RX count TX count 0050.ba76.ea5f forward DLSw Port01 4 0 0050.04b9.4584 forward FastEthernet0/0 0 7 0 RTA# RTB#sh bridge Total of 300 station blocks, 298 free Codes: P - permanent, S - self Bridge Group 1: Address Action Interface Age RX count TX count 0050.ba76.ea5f forward Ethernet0 1 4 0 0050.04b9.4584 forward DLSw Port00 4 0 RTB# RTA#sh dlsw peer Peers:state pkts_rx pkts_tx type drops ckts TCP uptime LLC2 Se0/0.1 120 CONNECT174 160 conf 00 - 00:46:53 Total number of connected peers: 1 Total number of connections: 1 RTB#sh dlsw peer Peers:state pkts_rx pkts_tx type drops ckts TCP uptime LLC2 Se0 121 CONNECT159 170 conf 00 - 00:46:14 Total number of connected peers: 1 Total number of connections: 1 Here are the config for my routers... For RTA- dlsw local-peer peer-id 1.1.1.1 promiscuous dlsw remote-peer 0 frame-relay interface Serial0/0.1 120 dlsw bridge-group 1 interface Loopback0 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address speed 10 half-duplex bridge-group 1 interface Serial0/0 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay no fair-queue frame-relay lmi-type cisco ! interface Serial0/0.1 multipoint ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip split-horizon eigrp 2001 frame-relay map llc2 120 broadcast frame-relay map ip 172.16.1.5 110 broadcast frame-relay map ip 172.16.1.6 120 broadcast router eigrp 2001 passive-interface FastEthernet0/0 network 1.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.0 no auto-summary bridge 1 protocol ieee As for RTB:- dlsw local-peer peer-id 3.3.3.3 dlsw remote-peer 0 frame-relay interface Serial0 121 dlsw bridge-group 1 interface Loopback1 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 interface Ethernet0 no ip address bridge-group 1 interface Serial0 ip address 172.16.1.6 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay no fair-queue clockrate 64000 frame-relay map llc2 121 broadcast frame-relay map ip 172.16.1.5 121 broadcast frame-relay map ip 172.16.1.1 121 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arp router eigrp 2001 network 3.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.0 no auto-summary no eigrp log-neighbor-changes bridge 1 protocol ieee Did I do anything wrong??? Any comments would be greatly appreciated. FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please help: 2600 console lost [7:58889]
Thanks Daniel, I've tried that already but still the same... Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=59051&t=58889 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please help: 2600 console lost [7:58889]
We're assuming that the console port is toast. Just in case there is some life in it try the speed jumper on the motherboard. Watch the wrap: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps259/products_tech_note09186 a008009433b.shtml#band_reset > -Original Message- > From: R M [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] > Sent: Tuesday, December 10, 2002 9:58 AM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Please help: 2600 console lost [7:58889] > > > I've been working a few hours with a 2610 when suddenly, > boom!!, I lost my > console connection, now it doesn't respond to Ctrl-Break nor > anything, I've > rebooted it several times but it doesn't shows any single character on > HyperTerminal. Unfortunately, the equipment is running > (almost) default > configuration, so now I can't get in through Aux or Vty. My > Aux port respond > but can't do much through it since no 'enable password' has > been provided by > default, so can't get to privileged mode. Once the box is > booted, it looks > good, its eth and serial interfaces comes up, so it doesn't > looks like a > flash or IOS corruption problem. > > Do you guys have any clue why I'm suffering this? > Any workaround to at least have privileged access through Aux?? > Maybe nvram got corrupted? there's any way to 'hard' reset > nvram through > internal jumpers?? > > Thanks very much in advance, > > RM. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=58991&t=58889 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please help: 2600 console lost [7:58889]
good question ;-)... 'cause at that point I was testing my box as a pure bridge (without IRB or CRB)... I guess I'll have to replace the box. Thanks for your answers. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=58978&t=58889 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please help: 2600 console lost [7:58889]
Well if you had set any write snmp community strings you could try an upload a config into the router that would allow you to get in via the vty. John -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, December 10, 2002 10:58 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Please help: 2600 console lost [7:58889] I've been working a few hours with a 2610 when suddenly, boom!!, I lost my console connection, now it doesn't respond to Ctrl-Break nor anything, I've rebooted it several times but it doesn't shows any single character on HyperTerminal. Unfortunately, the equipment is running (almost) default configuration, so now I can't get in through Aux or Vty. My Aux port respond but can't do much through it since no 'enable password' has been provided by default, so can't get to privileged mode. Once the box is booted, it looks good, its eth and serial interfaces comes up, so it doesn't looks like a flash or IOS corruption problem. Do you guys have any clue why I'm suffering this? Any workaround to at least have privileged access through Aux?? Maybe nvram got corrupted? there's any way to 'hard' reset nvram through internal jumpers?? Thanks very much in advance, RM. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=58963&t=58889 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Please help: 2600 console lost [7:58889]
I had a similar problem on my 2610 , I bought a smartnet package and got the box replaced from Cisco . Navin Parwal ""R M"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > I've been working a few hours with a 2610 when suddenly, boom!!, I lost my > console connection, now it doesn't respond to Ctrl-Break nor anything, I've > rebooted it several times but it doesn't shows any single character on > HyperTerminal. Unfortunately, the equipment is running (almost) default > configuration, so now I can't get in through Aux or Vty. My Aux port respond > but can't do much through it since no 'enable password' has been provided by > default, so can't get to privileged mode. Once the box is booted, it looks > good, its eth and serial interfaces comes up, so it doesn't looks like a > flash or IOS corruption problem. > > Do you guys have any clue why I'm suffering this? > Any workaround to at least have privileged access through Aux?? > Maybe nvram got corrupted? there's any way to 'hard' reset nvram through > internal jumpers?? > > Thanks very much in advance, > > RM. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=58955&t=58889 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please help: 2600 console lost [7:58889]
I guess my first question would be how, after a few HOURS, there is no IP address assigned and vty config? have you tried connecting from different computers? Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=58951&t=58889 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Please help: 2600 console lost [7:58889]
I've been working a few hours with a 2610 when suddenly, boom!!, I lost my console connection, now it doesn't respond to Ctrl-Break nor anything, I've rebooted it several times but it doesn't shows any single character on HyperTerminal. Unfortunately, the equipment is running (almost) default configuration, so now I can't get in through Aux or Vty. My Aux port respond but can't do much through it since no 'enable password' has been provided by default, so can't get to privileged mode. Once the box is booted, it looks good, its eth and serial interfaces comes up, so it doesn't looks like a flash or IOS corruption problem. Do you guys have any clue why I'm suffering this? Any workaround to at least have privileged access through Aux?? Maybe nvram got corrupted? there's any way to 'hard' reset nvram through internal jumpers?? Thanks very much in advance, RM. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=58889&t=58889 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
GRE connection problems (Please Help!!!) [7:57690]
Hi all, I am have some GRE troubles and am look for some advice. I have a 1721 DSL route IOS 12.2 ADSL over bridged Ethernet and an 827-V4 ADSL over bridged Ethernet. Both routers run NAT. The problem is I can not get any connectivity over a GRE tunnel between the two routers the tunnel just does not seem to come up. I have checked both the configs thrice over and it seems ok to me, If any once can shed some light on this I would really appreciate it. I have attack the router configs. Thanks Olaf. [demime removed a uuencoded section named 1721 which was 52 lines] [demime removed a uuencoded section named 827-v4 which was 46 lines] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=57690&t=57690 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: please help with vlan scenario [7:57245]
Thanks Peter for your help. That makes sense. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=57287&t=57245 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: please help with vlan scenario [7:57245]
Barry, You can enable a trunk on the 3548, and create subinterfaces on the 3550 at site A. I don't know the exact configuration details about a 3550, but it should be something like: interface gigabitethernet 0/2 no switchport ! interface gigabitethernet 0/2.10 encapsulation dot1q 10 -Original Message- > From: Barry Warrick [mailto:nobody@;groupstudy.com] > Sent: Monday, November 11, 2002 11:23 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: please help with vlan scenario [7:57245] > > > I have Site A which acts as a host for incoming fiber connections from > Site's B,C, and D. All 4 sites are on different subnets. At Site A a > Catalyst 3550G with 12 available fiber GBIC connections is what the 3 > incoming sites B,C, and D connect to on GBIC interfaces 1,2, and 3, > respectively.. The 3550G also has two Ethernet ports on it, > one which has a > crossover to a Catalyst 3548 switch, which feeds the local > LAN users at Site > A itself. > > Interface GBIC 4 on the 3550G has a fiber link connecting to > Site E, which > is then routed over ATM. So basically the 3550 at Site A > routes traffic > between itself and the B,C, and D sites and over to Site E. Site E is > actually our core router site (Cisco 3540) but Site A was > chosen to hosts > the other 3 sites (B,C,and D) due to logistics. > > Now what I need to do back at Site A is segment the local LAN > on the 3548 > switch into two vlans. Both vlans need to pass traffic across > the network. > Remember one port on the 3548 has a crossover to the 3550G > switch. The 3550G > is not set up with vlans. If I break the ports on the 3548 to > the vlan's I > want, I assume I set the crossover port to be a trunk? And if > so, do I need > to setup the other end of the crossover on the 3550 with any vlan's or > trunking??? No other subnets will be broken into vlan's so I > want to make > sure any change I may have to make on the 3550 to support the > local vlans on > the 3548 do not hinder traffic flow to and from the other > sites interfaces > on the 3550. Am I over complicating this setup? I know my description > probably is confusing. I guess in simple terms I just need to > make sure how > I set up vlans on the local Site A without affecting the > other sites that > Site A supports? Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=57279&t=57245 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
please help with vlan scenario [7:57245]
I have Site A which acts as a host for incoming fiber connections from Sites B,C, and D. All 4 sites are on different subnets. At Site A a Catalyst 3550G with 12 available fiber GBIC connections is what the 3 incoming sites B,C, and D connect to on GBIC interfaces 1,2, and 3, respectively.. The 3550G also has two Ethernet ports on it, one which has a crossover to a Catalyst 3548 switch, which feeds the local LAN users at Site A itself. Interface GBIC 4 on the 3550G has a fiber link connecting to Site E, which is then routed over ATM. So basically the 3550 at Site A routes traffic between itself and the B,C, and D sites and over to Site E. Site E is actually our core router site (Cisco 3540) but Site A was chosen to hosts the other 3 sites (B,C,and D) due to logistics. Now what I need to do back at Site A is segment the local LAN on the 3548 switch into two vlans. Both vlans need to pass traffic across the network. Remember one port on the 3548 has a crossover to the 3550G switch. The 3550G is not set up with vlans. If I break the ports on the 3548 to the vlans I want, I assume I set the crossover port to be a trunk? And if so, do I need to setup the other end of the crossover on the 3550 with any vlans or trunking??? No other subnets will be broken into vlans so I want to make sure any change I may have to make on the 3550 to support the local vlans on the 3548 do not hinder traffic flow to and from the other sites interfaces on the 3550. Am I over complicating this setup? I know my description probably is confusing. I guess in simple terms I just need to make sure how I set up vlans on the local Site A without affecting the other sites that Site A supports? Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=57245&t=57245 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
VoIP Problem, please help [7:56787]
I recently deployed VoIP utilizing E1 link between customer's HQ & branch. The routers is 2621(ios 12.2) & 3640 (ios 12.1) respectively. The connection diagram is like this: PBXE12621-Cat6509-3640-Wireless-3640E1PBX The signaling is QSIG, PBS are Nortel's. No QOS yet. My problem is, 1 out of 3 calls, I can't heard any thing beside dial tone. I pick up the phone, heard the dial tone, dial, then absolute silence. However, the other side did rang, when the other side pick it up, the same silence occur. From the debug output, everything went normal, I did debug isdn q931 and voip ccapi inout. Both went normal, the same output of debug between the success & failed one. Any suggestion are very welcome. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=56787&t=56787 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please Please help!!! [7:53917]
--Yes, You definitely can do this, as I have done this already to simulate a network design in the lab before rolling it out for my customer. I used the 2600 as my Frame Switch and as a Router to the Internet, pretty much simulating a network of sites connected together via VPN connections over FR POP connections. It was pretty awesome pretending like I was the local telco in my lab. >Also, I haven't tried it yet, but I am pretty sure you can use 4 of the >serial ports to make a frame relay switch and then use the Ethernet port >and the remaining serial ports as an IP router giving you two routers in >one box. -Original Message- From: Don [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, September 23, 2002 1:26 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: Please Please help!!! [7:53917] Well, an NM-4A/S is probably cheaper if your NM slot is open. However, it only does 128k per connection instead of the 2-8 mbits of a WIC-2T. WIC-2T's seem to go for about $200-$250 each on ebay. A NM-4A/S seems to go for about $200-$250 on ebay. It may also depend on whether you want to leave your NM slot open for some other card, like an Ethernet interface or an adapter for two more WIC cards (be careful, not all such NM's are usable in a 2600). Biggest drawback is that it uses a different connector than the WIC-2T so you need more cables. Personally, I have a 2600 with a NM-4A/S, a WIC-2A/S and a WIC-2T. It gives me an eight port frame switch, plus I can use RS-232 cables for doing dial-up modem configurations. I suppose I could even swap one of the WIC's for an ISDN WIC for ISDN configurations, although I haven't checked to see which are compatible with 2600's yet. Also, I haven't tried it yet, but I am pretty sure you can use 4 of the serial ports to make a frame relay switch and then use the Ethernet port and the remaining serial ports as an IP router giving you two routers in one box. Don ""H"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > Hello, > > I currently have a Cisco 2620. I am just wondering what would be the most > economic / most cost effective way to get 4 Serial Ports in total onto the > 2620 (so I can do 4 ports frame etc). > > I know I can get 2 x WIC-2T, but is there any other cheaper way? And would I > need any special cables for them? > > Would be greatly appreciated if anyone can shed some light on this. > > Best Regards, > H. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53941&t=53917 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Please Please help!!! [7:53917]
If you use WIC-2Ts then you'll need to use Smart Serial cables which have itty bitty ends on them. You could try getting an NM-4A/S which has four low-speed serial ports with the type of connectors you're used to seeing. John >>> "H" 9/23/02 9:29:16 AM >>> Hello, I currently have a Cisco 2620. I am just wondering what would be the most economic / most cost effective way to get 4 Serial Ports in total onto the 2620 (so I can do 4 ports frame etc). I know I can get 2 x WIC-2T, but is there any other cheaper way? And would I need any special cables for them? Would be greatly appreciated if anyone can shed some light on this. Best Regards, H. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53932&t=53917 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Please Please help!!! [7:53917]
Well, an NM-4A/S is probably cheaper if your NM slot is open. However, it only does 128k per connection instead of the 2-8 mbits of a WIC-2T. WIC-2T's seem to go for about $200-$250 each on ebay. A NM-4A/S seems to go for about $200-$250 on ebay. It may also depend on whether you want to leave your NM slot open for some other card, like an Ethernet interface or an adapter for two more WIC cards (be careful, not all such NM's are usable in a 2600). Biggest drawback is that it uses a different connector than the WIC-2T so you need more cables. Personally, I have a 2600 with a NM-4A/S, a WIC-2A/S and a WIC-2T. It gives me an eight port frame switch, plus I can use RS-232 cables for doing dial-up modem configurations. I suppose I could even swap one of the WIC's for an ISDN WIC for ISDN configurations, although I haven't checked to see which are compatible with 2600's yet. Also, I haven't tried it yet, but I am pretty sure you can use 4 of the serial ports to make a frame relay switch and then use the Ethernet port and the remaining serial ports as an IP router giving you two routers in one box. Don ""H"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > Hello, > > I currently have a Cisco 2620. I am just wondering what would be the most > economic / most cost effective way to get 4 Serial Ports in total onto the > 2620 (so I can do 4 ports frame etc). > > I know I can get 2 x WIC-2T, but is there any other cheaper way? And would I > need any special cables for them? > > Would be greatly appreciated if anyone can shed some light on this. > > Best Regards, > H. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53925&t=53917 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Please Please help!!! [7:53917]
You can use an NM-4A/S, but these ports can go no faster that 128kbps. This will also use up your NM slot, which you may want to leave open for something else (like a Voice module). Shop around for these NM-4A/S modules, as the prices vary drastically from vendor to vendor, and day to day on ebay and the ISP-equipment list. I sold mine already. ""H"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > Hello, > > I currently have a Cisco 2620. I am just wondering what would be the most > economic / most cost effective way to get 4 Serial Ports in total onto the > 2620 (so I can do 4 ports frame etc). > > I know I can get 2 x WIC-2T, but is there any other cheaper way? And would I > need any special cables for them? > > Would be greatly appreciated if anyone can shed some light on this. > > Best Regards, > H. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53923&t=53917 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Please Please help!!! [7:53917]
No... you will need 2 cards WIC-2T 4 CAB-SS-X21MT As an example I wrote CAB-SS-X21MT, for an X21 interface, but if you need V.35 or something, check in the CISCO4s web site. But you need to be sure the cable is SS. Regards, Ing. Joseba M. Izaga K|hn Gerente de Operaciones Alfanumeric, S.A. Tel.: (505) 278-3200 Ext. 300 Fax: (505) 278-5857 [EMAIL PROTECTED] www.alfanumeric.com.ni - Original Message - From: "H" To: Sent: Monday, September 23, 2002 9:29 AM Subject: Please Please help!!! [7:53917] > Hello, > > I currently have a Cisco 2620. I am just wondering what would be the most > economic / most cost effective way to get 4 Serial Ports in total onto the > 2620 (so I can do 4 ports frame etc). > > I know I can get 2 x WIC-2T, but is there any other cheaper way? And would I > need any special cables for them? > > Would be greatly appreciated if anyone can shed some light on this. > > Best Regards, > H. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53924&t=53917 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Please Please help!!! [7:53917]
Hello, I currently have a Cisco 2620. I am just wondering what would be the most economic / most cost effective way to get 4 Serial Ports in total onto the 2620 (so I can do 4 ports frame etc). I know I can get 2 x WIC-2T, but is there any other cheaper way? And would I need any special cables for them? Would be greatly appreciated if anyone can shed some light on this. Best Regards, H. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53917&t=53917 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please help!!! [7:53664]
one last thing to note, is that mixed mode nm's (ie: have both wan and lan capabilities) are NOT supported on the 2600's -Original Message- From: Ian Henderson [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, September 19, 2002 11:18 PM To: Steve Boer Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: Please help!!! [7:53664] On Fri, 20 Sep 2002, Steve Boer wrote: > 1e2w's would be for use in 3600 series routers, and are NOT compatible in > 2600's. They include 1 ethernet port and 2 wic slots. In these WIC slots, > you can use any of the wics that are out there (wic-1t wic-1dsu-t1 wic-1b, > etc etc), but are blank until populated with modules. Note that not all WICs work in the older NM's. For example, to use a WIC-1ADSL in an NM, it must be a model that has a FastEthernet port (newer revision, provides the voltage the aDSL card needs). Rgds, - I. -- Ian Henderson CCNA, CCNP Senior Network Engineer, Chime Communications Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53680&t=53664 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please help!!! [7:53664]
As Steve pointed out, I had a brain-fart. The NM-1E2W does not work with the 2600 series. You can, however, get a NM-1E, or an NM-4E 10BaseT module for the 2600, and then use its (the 2600) other WIC slots above the built-in Ethernet/FastEthernet interfaces for WAN connectivity. My apologies for my misinformation. Mark -Original Message- From: L [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, September 19, 2002 8:09 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Please help!!! [7:53664] Hello, I oftern see on selling posts that some routers comes with 1E2W module. Is this referring to the on-borad built in interfaces?? With the 1E2W, would I need any extra modules (like WIC-1T or WIC-2T) to use the 2W, or can it be used for connecting serial cables striaght away? Sorry for my stupid question. Best Regards, L Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53679&t=53664 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please help!!! [7:53664]
On Fri, 20 Sep 2002, Steve Boer wrote: > 1e2w's would be for use in 3600 series routers, and are NOT compatible in > 2600's. They include 1 ethernet port and 2 wic slots. In these WIC slots, > you can use any of the wics that are out there (wic-1t wic-1dsu-t1 wic-1b, > etc etc), but are blank until populated with modules. Note that not all WICs work in the older NM's. For example, to use a WIC-1ADSL in an NM, it must be a model that has a FastEthernet port (newer revision, provides the voltage the aDSL card needs). Rgds, - I. -- Ian Henderson CCNA, CCNP Senior Network Engineer, Chime Communications Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53676&t=53664 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please help!!! [7:53664]
The 1E2W Module refers to a NM-1E2W Slot module that fits into the 2600/3600 series routers... and it has an 10BaseT port integrated. The 2W refers to the fact that you could put 2 WICs (WAN Interface Cards) into it, and if I'm not mistaken, you could put 2 WIC-2Ts into that NM-1E2W Module. It will not have the WICs already installed, unless specified by the seller of the module. ... Never a stupid question... we all start somewhere. :) Regards, Mark -Original Message- From: L [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Thursday, September 19, 2002 8:09 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Please help!!! [7:53664] Hello, I oftern see on selling posts that some routers comes with 1E2W module. Is this referring to the on-borad built in interfaces?? With the 1E2W, would I need any extra modules (like WIC-1T or WIC-2T) to use the 2W, or can it be used for connecting serial cables striaght away? Sorry for my stupid question. Best Regards, L Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53673&t=53664 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please help!!! [7:53664]
Here is a good starting point to read up on.. http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/107/nm-e2w.shtml NM-1E2W has an 'onboard' 10BaseT interface.. also, you have 2 WIC options so you could install a WIC-1T or WIC-2T or a combination of both.. hth, Mark. > -Original Message- > From: L [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] > Sent: Friday, 20 September 2002 11:09 > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Please help!!! [7:53664] > > > Hello, > > I oftern see on selling posts that some routers comes with > 1E2W module. Is > this referring to the on-borad built in interfaces?? With the > 1E2W, would I > need any extra modules (like WIC-1T or WIC-2T) to use the 2W, > or can it be > used for connecting serial cables striaght away? > > Sorry for my stupid question. > > Best Regards, > L Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53670&t=53664 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please help!!! [7:53664]
1e2w's would be for use in 3600 series routers, and are NOT compatible in 2600's. They include 1 ethernet port and 2 wic slots. In these WIC slots, you can use any of the wics that are out there (wic-1t wic-1dsu-t1 wic-1b, etc etc), but are blank until populated with modules. hope this helps (check out http://www.cisco.com/go/module/ to see the different modules for the different technologies) -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of L Sent: Thursday, September 19, 2002 9:09 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Please help!!! [7:53664] Hello, I oftern see on selling posts that some routers comes with 1E2W module. Is this referring to the on-borad built in interfaces?? With the 1E2W, would I need any extra modules (like WIC-1T or WIC-2T) to use the 2W, or can it be used for connecting serial cables striaght away? Sorry for my stupid question. Best Regards, L Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53669&t=53664 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Please help!!! [7:53664]
Hello, I oftern see on selling posts that some routers comes with 1E2W module. Is this referring to the on-borad built in interfaces?? With the 1E2W, would I need any extra modules (like WIC-1T or WIC-2T) to use the 2W, or can it be used for connecting serial cables striaght away? Sorry for my stupid question. Best Regards, L Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53664&t=53664 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Multicast...please help [7:51822]
DJ, Bookmark this link. ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/ipmulticast/index.html Typically you have IGMP running, PIM DR's elected, and PIM forwarding routers. Elections are based on this: - Lowest IP = IGMP2 querier - Highest IP = PIM DR - PIM forwarding router = if distance is not equal, lowest distance wins. if distance is equal, highest IP wins. IGMPv1 routers do not have group-specific queries, nor a querier election process like IGMPv2. These types of routers require the routing protocol to determine the DR for the network. In most cases the protocol will be PIM. So the PIM DR is elected and manages IGMP queries. There also exists the forwarder. In a multi-access network, there might be more than one path from a source. There must be a way to determine which router is going to be responsible for forwarding the traffic from the source so you aren't flooding the group with unnecessary traffic. This is where the forwarder comes in. Via the little test on distance or IP addresses I mentioned earlier, PIM can determine which router in a multi-access segment should be the designated forwarder. I hope this explanation helps. I can understand your confusion, its a common question. Ultimately, the best advice I've ever received is: "If in doubt, read the RFC." -Mark -Original Message- From: maine dude [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Wednesday, August 21, 2002 4:44 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Multicast...please help [7:51822] Hi I have a question regarding the election of the LAN router which is supposed to send the queries for multicast accesses. In chapter 8, page 302, IGMPv2 querier election, it is mentioned that the router with the lowest IP address is elected as multicast querier. In Chapter 9, page 336, it is mentioned that the DR (designated Router) elected is the one with the highest IP address. "The DR is responsible for sending IGMP host-query messages to all host on the LAN". Could you please help me understand the differences between the two above cases, because for me, routers seem to have the exactly same role but are elected an opposite way... thanks DJ - Get a bigger mailbox -- choose a size that fits your needs. http://uk.docs.yahoo.com/mail_storage.html "The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from all computers." Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51836&t=51822 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Multicast...please help [7:51822]
Hi I have a question regarding the election of the LAN router which is supposed to send the queries for multicast accesses. In chapter 8, page 302, IGMPv2 querier election, it is mentioned that the router with the lowest IP address is elected as multicast querier. In Chapter 9, page 336, it is mentioned that the DR (designated Router) elected is the one with the highest IP address. "The DR is responsible for sending IGMP host-query messages to all host on the LAN". Could you please help me understand the differences between the two above cases, because for me, routers seem to have the exactly same role but are elected an opposite way... thanks DJ - Get a bigger mailbox -- choose a size that fits your needs. http://uk.docs.yahoo.com/mail_storage.html Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51822&t=51822 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please Help ASAP: Routing on a secondary inter [7:51534]
Clayton, please let us know what finally happened ? Thx. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51564&t=51534 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please Help ASAP: Routing on a secondary inter [7:51542]
I got it... I forgot to change the access list...duh Clayton Dukes CCNA, CCDA, CCDP, CCNP, NCC -=]-Original Message- -=]From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] On Behalf Of -=]Clayton Dukes -=]Sent: Friday, August 16, 2002 3:39 PM -=]To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] -=]Subject: Please Help ASAP: Routing on a secondary interface [7:51534] -=] -=]Having a bad day, could someone please help me figure this out? -=] -=] -=] -=]I have a secondary interface configured on my router: -=] -=] -=] -=]interface Ethernet1/0 -=] -=] description connected to EthernetLAN -=] -=] ip address 10.82.67.193 255.255.255.224 secondary -=] -=] ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 -=] -=] -=] -=]I have another interface connected to a DSL line (this is working, so -=]it's not the issue) -=] -=]interface FastEthernet0/0 -=] -=] description connected to Internet -=] -=] no ip address -=] -=] ip route-cache flow -=] -=] no keepalive -=] -=] duplex auto -=] -=] speed auto -=] -=] pppoe enable -=] -=] pppoe-client dial-pool-number 1 -=] -=] -=] -=]interface Dialer1 -=] -=] description connected to Internet -=] -=] ip address negotiated -=] -=] ip mtu 1492 -=] -=] ip nat outside -=] -=] encapsulation ppp -=] -=] ip route-cache flow -=] -=] dialer pool 1 -=] -=] dialer-group 2 -=] -=] ppp authentication chap pap callin -=] -=] ppp chap hostname zzz -=] -=] ppp chap password 7 zzz -=] -=] ppp pap sent-username zzz password 7 zzz -=] -=] -=] -=]I have a default route: -=] -=]ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1 -=] -=] -=] -=] -=] -=]Here's the problem: -=] -=] -=] -=]I have two systems: -=] -=]10.0.0.99 (PC) -=] -=]and -=] -=]10.82.67.215 (Solaris) -=] -=] -=] -=]from 10.0.0.99 I can ping everywhere, all local nets, all internet, etc. -=](No problems) -=] -=]from 10.82.67.215 I can ping the default gateway (10.82.67.193), I can -=]ping 10.0.0.1, I can ping 10.0.0.99..basically everything internally, -=]but not out to the internet. -=] -=] -=] -=]Can someone please tell me what I am missing? -=] -=] -=] -=]Clayton Dukes -=] -=]CCNA, CCDA, CCDP, CCNP, NCC -=] -=] -=] -=] [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51542&t=51542 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please Help ASAP: Routing on a secondary inter [7:51553]
Clayton- The following excerpt from a web site posting found via Google.com... It may be your problem, and has the answer... "... Finally we need to specify a route onto the network over our ethernet card. The command # netstat -r will list the current routes on your machine. You can remove any unwanted routes with the route del command. To create a route onto your local network enter the command, # route add -net 128.240.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 eth0 which tells your machine that all network traffic for machines in the 128.240.x.x address range can be reached over the network interface eth0. For every other address we need to create a default route, # route add default gw 128.240.233.251 eth0 Substitute your gateway address for 128.240.233.251, this means for all other traffic send it to the gateway which you can reach over eth0. The gateway will pass on the traffic to other gateways on other networks until it reaches it's final destination. A correct configuration would look something like, # netstat -rn Destination GatewayGenmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 128.240.0.0 *255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 127.0.0.0 *255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo default 128.240.3.251 0.0.0.0 UG0 0 0 eth0 There is a loopback address, a route onto the local network and a default route specifying the local gateway." HTH's. If not, check your NAT/PAT pool/configuration on your Router. -Mark -Original Message- From: Clayton Dukes [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Friday, August 16, 2002 2:39 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Please Help ASAP: Routing on a secondary interface [7:51534] Having a bad day, could someone please help me figure this out? I have a secondary interface configured on my router: interface Ethernet1/0 description connected to EthernetLAN ip address 10.82.67.193 255.255.255.224 secondary ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 I have another interface connected to a DSL line (this is working, so it's not the issue) interface FastEthernet0/0 description connected to Internet no ip address ip route-cache flow no keepalive duplex auto speed auto pppoe enable pppoe-client dial-pool-number 1 interface Dialer1 description connected to Internet ip address negotiated ip mtu 1492 ip nat outside encapsulation ppp ip route-cache flow dialer pool 1 dialer-group 2 ppp authentication chap pap callin ppp chap hostname zzz ppp chap password 7 zzz ppp pap sent-username zzz password 7 zzz I have a default route: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1 Here's the problem: I have two systems: 10.0.0.99 (PC) and 10.82.67.215 (Solaris) from 10.0.0.99 I can ping everywhere, all local nets, all internet, etc. (No problems) from 10.82.67.215 I can ping the default gateway (10.82.67.193), I can ping 10.0.0.1, I can ping 10.0.0.99..basically everything internally, but not out to the internet. Can someone please tell me what I am missing? Clayton Dukes CCNA, CCDA, CCDP, CCNP, NCC Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51553&t=51553 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please Help ASAP: Routing on a secondary inter [7:51534]
I suppose ip nat inside is configured on ethernet 1/0. So as Priscilla states, try deb ip nat det to see what's going on. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51546&t=51534 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Please Help ASAP: Routing on a secondary interface [7:51534]
NAT issue? Obviously there must be some NAT going on if you're using addresses in the 10.0.0.0 network. Priscilla Clayton Dukes wrote: > > Having a bad day, could someone please help me figure this out? > > > > I have a secondary interface configured on my router: > > > > interface Ethernet1/0 > > description connected to EthernetLAN > > ip address 10.82.67.193 255.255.255.224 secondary > > ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 > > > > I have another interface connected to a DSL line (this is > working, so > it's not the issue) > > interface FastEthernet0/0 > > description connected to Internet > > no ip address > > ip route-cache flow > > no keepalive > > duplex auto > > speed auto > > pppoe enable > > pppoe-client dial-pool-number 1 > > > > interface Dialer1 > > description connected to Internet > > ip address negotiated > > ip mtu 1492 > > ip nat outside > > encapsulation ppp > > ip route-cache flow > > dialer pool 1 > > dialer-group 2 > > ppp authentication chap pap callin > > ppp chap hostname zzz > > ppp chap password 7 zzz > > ppp pap sent-username zzz password 7 zzz > > > > I have a default route: > > ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1 > > > > > > Here's the problem: > > > > I have two systems: > > 10.0.0.99 (PC) > > and > > 10.82.67.215 (Solaris) > > > > from 10.0.0.99 I can ping everywhere, all local nets, all > internet, etc. > (No problems) > > from 10.82.67.215 I can ping the default gateway > (10.82.67.193), I can > ping 10.0.0.1, I can ping 10.0.0.99..basically everything > internally, > but not out to the internet. > > > > Can someone please tell me what I am missing? > > > > Clayton Dukes > > CCNA, CCDA, CCDP, CCNP, NCC > > Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51539&t=51534 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Please Help ASAP: Routing on a secondary interface [7:51534]
Having a bad day, could someone please help me figure this out? I have a secondary interface configured on my router: interface Ethernet1/0 description connected to EthernetLAN ip address 10.82.67.193 255.255.255.224 secondary ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 I have another interface connected to a DSL line (this is working, so it's not the issue) interface FastEthernet0/0 description connected to Internet no ip address ip route-cache flow no keepalive duplex auto speed auto pppoe enable pppoe-client dial-pool-number 1 interface Dialer1 description connected to Internet ip address negotiated ip mtu 1492 ip nat outside encapsulation ppp ip route-cache flow dialer pool 1 dialer-group 2 ppp authentication chap pap callin ppp chap hostname zzz ppp chap password 7 zzz ppp pap sent-username zzz password 7 zzz I have a default route: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1 Here's the problem: I have two systems: 10.0.0.99 (PC) and 10.82.67.215 (Solaris) from 10.0.0.99 I can ping everywhere, all local nets, all internet, etc. (No problems) from 10.82.67.215 I can ping the default gateway (10.82.67.193), I can ping 10.0.0.1, I can ping 10.0.0.99..basically everything internally, but not out to the internet. Can someone please tell me what I am missing? Clayton Dukes CCNA, CCDA, CCDP, CCNP, NCC Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51534&t=51534 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: OSI...Please help... [7:51235]
Howard C. Berkowitz wrote: > > At 6:16 PM + 8/12/02, John Neiberger wrote: > >Good point! Forgive me, I'd only had one cup of coffee when I > wrote > >that. Usually I need at least three before my explainer works > >correctly. > > > >John > > > You bring up an interesting question. Could we have predicted > our > industry crash by monitoring coffee consumption by accountants, > vendors, or venture capitalists, etc.? There _ought_ to be a > correlation. How about caffeine consumption by gamers (i.e. programmers, Web designers, etc. at dot coms? ;-) Did you happen to see the article from the Mercury News yesterday about a drink favored by gamers called BAWLS (seriously). It's a sweet drink with 80 milligrams of caffeine in a 12-ounce bottle. More here: http://www.bayarea.com/mld/bayarea/business/technology/3842507.htm Priscilla > > > > >>>> "Howard C. Berkowitz" 8/12/02 11:39:12 AM >>> > >At 4:35 PM + 8/12/02, John Neiberger wrote: > >>You're putting too much thought into this. :-) The ip > keyword will > >>match any ip packet regardless of the transport layer > protocol being > >>used. You use the tcp, udp, and icmp keywords when you want > to be > >even > >>more specific. > >> > >>HTH, > >>John > >> > >>>>> "maine dude" 8/12/02 10:16:19 AM >>> > >>Please help... In the example :access-list 101 deny tcp host > >>172.16.3.10 > >>172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftpaccess-list 101 permit ip any any > Do the > >>terms > >>"tcp" and "ip" refer to the individual protocols or the stack > ? I > >>assume > >>they refer to the individual protocols as you could > substitute them > >>with > >>"udp" or "icmp" but then surely the last statement would > allow only > >>the > >>individual "ip" protocol and therefore all other packets such > as tcp > >, > >>udp, > >>icmp would be filtered. Or does tcp , udp , icmp get through > because > >it > >>is > >>encapsulated in ip ? ( I hate the OSI model ) -DJ > > > >Trust me. IP designers did not have OSI compliance in mind. > > > >And to be picky, John, ICMP isn't a transport protocol. It is a > >control/management protocol at the network layer. > > Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51263&t=51235 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: OSI...Please help... [7:51235]
At 4:14 PM -0400 8/12/02, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: >Did you see the movie Pi? :) > No, but I like pi with coffee. It's just rarely on my blueprint...I mean, diet. > >At 6:16 PM + 8/12/02, John Neiberger wrote: >>Good point! Forgive me, I'd only had one cup of coffee when I wrote >>that. Usually I need at least three before my explainer works >>correctly. >> >>John > > >You bring up an interesting question. Could we have predicted our >industry crash by monitoring coffee consumption by accountants, >vendors, or venture capitalists, etc.? There _ought_ to be a >correlation. > >> >>>>> "Howard C. Berkowitz" 8/12/02 11:39:12 AM >>> >>At 4:35 PM + 8/12/02, John Neiberger wrote: >>>You're putting too much thought into this. :-) The ip keyword will >>>match any ip packet regardless of the transport layer protocol being >>>used. You use the tcp, udp, and icmp keywords when you want to be >>even >>>more specific. >>> >>>HTH, >>>John >>> >>>>>>"maine dude" 8/12/02 10:16:19 AM >>> >>>Please help... In the example :access-list 101 deny tcp host >>>172.16.3.10 >>>172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftpaccess-list 101 permit ip any any Do the >>>terms >>>"tcp" and "ip" refer to the individual protocols or the stack ? I >>>assume >>>they refer to the individual protocols as you could substitute them >>>with >>>"udp" or "icmp" but then surely the last statement would allow only >>>the >>>individual "ip" protocol and therefore all other packets such as tcp >>, >>>udp, >>>icmp would be filtered. Or does tcp , udp , icmp get through because >>it >>>is >>>encapsulated in ip ? ( I hate the OSI model ) -DJ >> >>Trust me. IP designers did not have OSI compliance in mind. >> >>And to be picky, John, ICMP isn't a transport protocol. It is a > >control/management protocol at the network layer. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51262&t=51235 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: OSI...Please help... [7:51235]
Hmmm, that explains why my explianer is unexplainable, I don't like coffee :) Dave "Howard C. Berkowitz" wrote: > > At 6:16 PM + 8/12/02, John Neiberger wrote: > >Good point! Forgive me, I'd only had one cup of coffee when I wrote > >that. Usually I need at least three before my explainer works > >correctly. > > > >John > > You bring up an interesting question. Could we have predicted our > industry crash by monitoring coffee consumption by accountants, > vendors, or venture capitalists, etc.? There _ought_ to be a > correlation. > > > > >>>> "Howard C. Berkowitz" 8/12/02 11:39:12 AM >>> > >At 4:35 PM + 8/12/02, John Neiberger wrote: > >>You're putting too much thought into this. :-) The ip keyword will > >>match any ip packet regardless of the transport layer protocol being > >>used. You use the tcp, udp, and icmp keywords when you want to be > >even > >>more specific. > >> > >>HTH, > >>John > >> > >>>>> "maine dude" 8/12/02 10:16:19 AM >>> > >>Please help... In the example :access-list 101 deny tcp host > >>172.16.3.10 > >>172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftpaccess-list 101 permit ip any any Do the > >>terms > >>"tcp" and "ip" refer to the individual protocols or the stack ? I > >>assume > >>they refer to the individual protocols as you could substitute them > >>with > >>"udp" or "icmp" but then surely the last statement would allow only > >>the > >>individual "ip" protocol and therefore all other packets such as tcp > >, > >>udp, > >>icmp would be filtered. Or does tcp , udp , icmp get through because > >it > >>is > >>encapsulated in ip ? ( I hate the OSI model ) -DJ > > > >Trust me. IP designers did not have OSI compliance in mind. > > > >And to be picky, John, ICMP isn't a transport protocol. It is a > >control/management protocol at the network layer. -- David Madland CCIE# 2016 Sr. Network Engineer Qwest Communications 612-664-3367 "You don't make the poor richer by making the rich poorer." --Winston Churchill Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51261&t=51235 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: OSI...Please help... [7:51235]
Did you see the movie Pi? :) "Howard C. Berkowitz" To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: OSI...Please help... [7:51235] Sent by: nobody@groupst udy.com 08/12/2002 03:02 PM Please respond to "Howard C. Berkowitz" At 6:16 PM + 8/12/02, John Neiberger wrote: >Good point! Forgive me, I'd only had one cup of coffee when I wrote >that. Usually I need at least three before my explainer works >correctly. > >John You bring up an interesting question. Could we have predicted our industry crash by monitoring coffee consumption by accountants, vendors, or venture capitalists, etc.? There _ought_ to be a correlation. > >>>> "Howard C. Berkowitz" 8/12/02 11:39:12 AM >>> >At 4:35 PM + 8/12/02, John Neiberger wrote: >>You're putting too much thought into this. :-) The ip keyword will >>match any ip packet regardless of the transport layer protocol being >>used. You use the tcp, udp, and icmp keywords when you want to be >even >>more specific. >> >>HTH, >>John >> >>>>> "maine dude" 8/12/02 10:16:19 AM >>> >>Please help... In the example :access-list 101 deny tcp host >>172.16.3.10 >>172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftpaccess-list 101 permit ip any any Do the >>terms >>"tcp" and "ip" refer to the individual protocols or the stack ? I >>assume >>they refer to the individual protocols as you could substitute them >>with >>"udp" or "icmp" but then surely the last statement would allow only >>the >>individual "ip" protocol and therefore all other packets such as tcp >, >>udp, >>icmp would be filtered. Or does tcp , udp , icmp get through because >it >>is >>encapsulated in ip ? ( I hate the OSI model ) -DJ > >Trust me. IP designers did not have OSI compliance in mind. > >And to be picky, John, ICMP isn't a transport protocol. It is a >control/management protocol at the network layer. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51259&t=51235 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
